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D60 Line Distance relay

Setting Example
Provided for D60 model
D60-C00-HCH-F8A-H6P-M6P-P6C

Primary Functions
This relay provides 3-pole tripping functions and initiates autoreclosure. The primary purpose of this relay
is 3-zone stepped line phase and ground distance protection, pilot Permissive Overreaching Tripping
scheme. Distance is blocked by VT Fuse Failure, Power Swing Detect and load Enchroachment. Line
Pickup (switch onto the fault) backs up distance on line energization. Autoreclose can be initiated
externally (from L90 relay, for example) and is supervised by synchrocheck. Relay has inputs from breaker
auxiliary contacts, panel pushbuttons, RTU etc, also outputs for trip, alarm, status that are collected by the
HMI and RTU.
Zb Z1, Z0 Zf
~ ~

VT: VTpri=161000/3V, VTsec=115/3V, VTR= VTpri/ VTsec=161000/115=1400

CT: CTpri=600, CTsec=5A. CTR= CTpri/ CTsec=600/5=120
Protected Line:
Length: L=100 km
Line impedance: Z1pri=3585
, Z0pri=10580
Z1pri * CTR 35 * 120
Z1 sec 385
VTR 1400
Z0pri * CTR 105 * 120
Z0 sec 980
VTR 1400
Normal system impedance of the source behind relay: Sb=60,
Zb * CTR 60 * 120
Zb sec 5.14
VTR 1400
Normal system impedance of the source in front of the relay: Sf=70,
Zf * CTR 0 * 120
Zf sec 6
VTR 1400
Minimum system impedance of the source behind relay: Sb_min=80
Minimum system impedance of the source in front of the relay: Sf_min=90
Minimum SLG end of the line fault current with infeed from behind source only is:
VTpri * 3 161000 * 3
IFgr _ min 1 672A
3 * (3 * Sb _ min 2 * Z1pri Z0pri) 3 * (3 * 80 2 * 35 105)
Minimum SLG end of the line fault current flowing in the relay with infeed from both sources:
VTpri * 3 Sf _ min
IFgr _ min 2 * 255A
(Sb _ min Z1pri) * Sf _ min (Sb _ min Z0pri) * Sf _ min Sb _ min Z1pri Sf _ min
3*
2*
Sb _ min Z1pri Sf _ min Sb _ min Z0pri Sf _ min

Minimum Three-phase end of the line fault current flowing in the relay with infeed from both
sources:

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VTprim Sf _ min
IF3ph _ min * 885 A
(Sb _ min Z1prim ) * Sf _ min Sb _ min Z1prim Sf _ min
3*
Sb _ min Z1prim Sf _ min

Minimum phase-to-phase end of the line fault current flowing in the relay with infeed from both
sources:
IF3ph _ min* 3
IF 2ph _ min 767A
2

Maximum load current allowed is: IL = 600A =1.0pu, load impedance is

VT sec* CTR
ZL sec 13.3
3 * IL
PRODUCT SETUP

Fault Report
A report is produced when the tripping elements issue a trip signal via assigned virtual output. (VO-1).
Setting name Example setting User setting Comment
Fault Report Source SRC 1 Fault report source
Fault Report Trigger TRIP On (VO1) Fault report trigger

Oscillography
A report is produced when the trip output element issues a trip signal via (VO-1). Three phase voltages, three
phase currents and digital states as noted below are recorded.
Setting name Example setting User setting Comment
Number Of Records 10 Number of records stored
Automatic
Trigger Mode Overwrite Mode (Overwrite or protected)
Trigger Position 30% Pre-fault and post-fault data
Trigger Source TRIP On (VO1) Oscillography Trigger
16
AC Input Waveforms samples/cycle Sampling rate

Digital channels captured:

Channel name Example setting User setting Comment
Digital Channel 01 PH DIST Z1 OP
Digital Channel 02 PH DIST Z2 OP
Digital Channel 03 PH DIST Z3 OP
Digital Channel 04 GND DIST Z1 OP
Digital Channel 05 GND DIST Z2 OP
Digital Channel 06 GND DIST Z3 OP
Digital Channel 07 LINE PICKUP OP
Digital Channel 08 SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP
Digital Channel 09 POWER SWING BLOCK
Digital Channel 10 BREAKER 1 CLOSED
Digital Channel 11 BREAKER 2 CLOSED
Digital Channel 12 SYNC 1 CLS OP
Digital Channel 13 SYNC 1 SYNC OP
Digital Channel 14 SYNC 1 DEAD S OP
Digital Channel 15 POTT OP
Digital Channel 16 LATCH 1 ON
Digital Channel 17 AR ENABLED
Digital Channel 18 AR RIP
Digital Channel 19 AR LO
Digital Channel 20 AR CLOSE BKR 1
Digital Channel 21 AR CLOSE BKR 2
Digital Channel 22 AR RESET
Digital Channel 23 LINE PICKUP LEO PKP

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Digital Channel 24 ALL BRK OPEN On

(VO12)
Digital Channel 25 LINE PICKUP UV PKP
Digital Channel 26 LOAD ENCHR OP
Digital Channel 27
Digital Channel 28
Digital Channel 29
Digital Channel 30
Digital Channel 31
Digital Channel 32
Digital Channel 33
Digital Channel 34
Digital Channel 35
Digital Channel 36
Digital Channel 37
Digital Channel 38
Digital Channel 39
Digital Channel 40
Digital Channel 41
Digital Channel 43
Digital Channel 44
Digital Channel 45
Digital Channel 46
Digital Channel 47
Digital Channel 48

User-Programmable LEDs
The TRIP LED is illuminated when the protection elements issue a trip signal. This LED is latched.
The ALARM LED is illuminated when ANY MAJOR ERROR is detected. This LED is self-reset.
Setting name Example setting User setting Comment
Trip LED Input TRIP On (VO1)
Alarm LED Input ANY MAJOR ERROR

Other LEDs are assigned as follows:

Setting name Example setting User setting

LED # Operand Type
LED 1: OPERAND SETTING GROUP ACT 1 Self-Reset
LED 9: OPERAND BREAKER 1 OPEN Self-Reset
LED 10: OPERAND BREAKER 1 CLOSED Self-Reset
LED 14: OPERAND BREAKER 2 OPEN Self-Reset
LED 15: OPERAND BREAKER 2 CLOSED Self-Reset
LED 17: OPERAND SYNC 1 SYNC OP Self-Reset
LED 21: OPERAND AR ENABLED Self-Reset
LED 22: OPERAND AR DISABLED Self-Reset
LED 23: OPERAND AR RIP Self-Reset
LED 24: OPERAND AR LO Self-Reset
LED 25: OPERAND PILOT GR TR. On (VO9) Latched
LED 26: OPERAND PILOT PH TR. On (VO8) Latched
LED 28: OPERAND PH DIST Z1 OP Latched
LED 29: OPERAND PH DIST Z2 OP Latched
LED 30: OPERAND PH DIST Z3 OP Latched
LED 32: OPERAND LINE PICKUP OP Latched
LED 33: OPERAND GND DIST Z1 OP Latched
LED 34: OPERAND GND DIST Z2 OP Latched
LED 35: OPERAND GND DIST Z3 OP Latched
LED 36: OPERAND RECL SUCCESS On (VO6) Latched
LED 37: OPERAND SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP Self-Reset
LED 38: OPERAND POWER SWING BLOCK Latched
LED 40: OPERAND POTT OP Latched

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LED 41: OPERAND TripCirALARM On (VO19) Self-Reset

LED 43: OPERAND BUS CB PRESS OK (M7c) Self-Reset

User-Definable Displays
Screen 1 will display three phase current magnitudes (RMS values)..
Screens 2, 3, 4 will display the three phase-to-ground voltage magnitudes (RMS values).
Screens 5 will display the AB phase-to-phase voltage magnitudes (RMS values).

Name Example setting User setting

DISPLAY # Top Line Bottom Line Item 1 Item 2 Item 3
USER DISPLAY 1 SRC 1 RMS Ia:~ b:~ c:~ 6144 6146 6148
USER DISPLAY 2 SRC 1 RMS Vag: ~ 6656
USER DISPLAY 3 SRC 1 RMS Vbg: ~ 6658
USER DISPLAY 4 SRC 1 RMS Vcg: ~ 6660
USER DISPLAY 5 SRC 1 RMS Vab: ~ 6671

Installation

Name Example setting User setting Comment

Relay Settings Programmed Relay have to be set to Programmed to be operational
Relay Name Relay-1 Relay unique name has to be assigned (tagged on events etc)

SYSTEM SETUP

AC Inputs
Current:
Name Example setting User setting Comment
F1: Phase CT Primary 600 A =CTpri
CT F1: Phase CT Secondary 5A =CTsec
CT F1: Ground CT Primary 600 A =CTpri of parallel line. Ground CT primary nominal (mutual
coupling compensation)
CT F1: Ground CT Secondary 5 A =CTsec of parallel line. Ground CT secondary nominal
(mutual coupling compensation)

Voltage:
Name Example setting User setting Comment
VT F5: Phase VT Connection Wye VT group: delta or wye
VT F5: Phase VT Secondary 66.4 V =VTsec/3
VT F5: Phase VT Ratio 1400.00 :1 =VTpri/VTsec
VT F5: Auxiliary VT Connection Vag 1-phase VT (for synchrocheck)
VT F5: Auxiliary VT Secondary 66.4 V =VTsec/3 (1-phase VT secondary nominal)
VT F5: Auxiliary VT Ratio 1400.00 :1 =VTpri/VTsec

Power System
Power system parameters are defined here
Name Example setting User setting Comment
Nominal Frequency 60 Hz 60Hz or 50 Hz system
Phase Rotation ABC System rotation
Frequency And Phase
Reference SRC 1 Source for frequency tracking
Frequency Tracking Function Enabled Enable is recommended

Signal Sources
2 sources are available per one DSP module. They have to be configured accordingly required functionality
and connections.
Name Example setting User setting Comment

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SOURCE 1: Name SRC 1 Name of the 3-phase CT, VT sources for distance,
metering etc
SOURCE 1: Phase CT F1 3-phase line CT circuitry (connected to F1, F2 and F3
channels)
SOURCE 1: Ground CT F1 If used and connected: 1-phase parallel line CT (3I0) for
mutual comp. (F4 channel).
SOURCE 1: Phase VT F5 3-phase VT for distance, metering etc (F5, F6, F7
channels)
SOURCE 1: Auxiliary VT None Auxiliary VT not used for this source
SOURCE 2: Name SRC 2 Name of source #2 (used for synchrocheck function)
SOURCE 2: Phase CT None
SOURCE 2: Ground CT None
SOURCE 2: Phase VT None
SOURCE 2: Auxiliary VT F5 Synchronizing 1-phase voltage (F8)

Line
Line positive and zero-sequence impedance in secondary ohms, used for fault locator
Name Example setting User setting Comment
Pos Seq Impedance Magnitude 3.00 ohms =Z1sec Mag
Pos Seq Impedance Angle 85 =Z1sec Ang
Zero Seq Impedance 9.00 ohms =Z0sec Mag
Magnitude
Zero Seq Impedance Angle 80 =Z0sec Ang
Line Length Units km
Line Length 100

Breaker 1 Control
This element is used for tracking 52a bus CB poles state and passing this data to other elements. It is also
used for driving the faceplate open and closed indicators.
Name Example setting User setting Comment
BREAKER 1: Function Enabled Enabling the function
BREAKER 1: Push Button Control Disabled Faceplate pushbuttons
BREAKER 1: Name Bkr 1 Name of the breaker
BREAKER 1: Mode 3-Pole Mode 1-pole or 3-pole
BREAKER 1: Open OFF Operand driving open coil
BREAKER 1: Close OFF Operand driving close coil
BUS CB 52A Breaker auxiliary contact Ph. A or 3-
BREAKER 1: Phase A/3-Pole On(H7c) pole
BREAKER 1: Phase B OFF Breaker auxiliary contact Ph. B
BREAKER 1: Phase C OFF Breaker auxiliary contact Ph. C
BREAKER 1: External Alarm OFF Alarm like Low pressure
BREAKER 1: Alarm Delay 0.000 s Alarm delay
BREAKER 1: Manual Close Recal Limits the duration of manual close
Time 0.000 s cmd

Breaker 2 Control
This element is used for tracking 52a tie CB poles state and passing this data to other elements. It is also used
for driving the faceplate open and closed indicators. Settings are identical to breaker 1.

FLEXLOGIC

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PH DIST Z1 OP

PH DIST Z2 OP

PH DIST Z3 OP

1
GND DIST Z1 OP
OR
OR
TRIP (VO1)

GND DIST Z2 OP

GND DIST Z3 OP

POTT OP

LINE PICKUP OP

GND DIST Z1 OP

2
GND DIST Z2 OP OR
OR GR TRIP (VO2)

GND DIST Z3 OP

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PH DIST Z1 OP

3
PH DIST Z2 OP OR
OR PH TRIP (VO3)

PH DIST Z3 OP

PH DIST Z1 OP

GND DIST Z1 OP
4
OR
OR
POTT OP

5
RECLOSE INIT ON(H7A) AND
AND RECLOSE INIT (VO4)

LATCH 1 ON

BUS CB PRESS ON(M7C)

AR CLOSE BKR 1

6
SYNC 1 SYNC OP AND
AND CLOSE BRK (VO5)

BUS CB PRESS ON(M7C)

7 0 min
CLOSE BRK ON (VO5)
Timer 4
4 min

8 2 min
AND
AND Timer 5 RECL SUCCESS (VO6)
1 min

ANY BRK CLD ON (VO11)

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POTT OP
9
AND
AND PILOT PH TR (VO8)

PH DIST Z2 OP

POTT OP
10
AND
AND PILOT GR TR (VO9)

GND DIST Z2 OP

SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP

11
POWER SWING BLOCK OR
OR BLOCK 21P (VO10)

LOAD ENCHR OP

BREAKER 1 CLOSED
12
OR
OR ANY BRK CLD (VO11)

BREAKER 2 CLOSED

BREAKER 1 OPEN
13
AND
AND ALL BRK OPEN (VO12)

BREAKER 2 OPEN

BREAKER 1 CLOSED
14 300 min
AND
AND Timer 6 TRIPCIRALARM (VO19)
200 min
TRIP BUS CB VOFF (H1)

SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP

15
OR
OR CRIT ALARM (VO20)

TRIPCIRALARM ON (VO19)

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Entry Example setting User setting Comment

FlexLogic Entry 1 PH DIST Z1 OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 2 PH DIST Z2 OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 3 PH DIST Z3 OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 4 GND DIST Z1 OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 5 GND DIST Z2 OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 6 GND DIST Z3 OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 7 POTT OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 8 LINE PICKUP OP Function assigned to cause a trip
FlexLogic Entry 9 OR(8)
FlexLogic Entry 10 = TRIP (VO1) Tripping gate assigned to Trip
contacts
FlexLogic Entry 11 GND DIST Z1 OP
FlexLogic Entry 12 GND DIST Z2 OP
FlexLogic Entry 13 GND DIST Z3 OP
FlexLogic Entry 14 OR(3)
FlexLogic Entry 15 = GR TRIP (VO2) Any Ground Distance zone
operation
FlexLogic Entry 16 PH DIST Z1 OP
FlexLogic Entry 17 PH DIST Z2 OP
FlexLogic Entry 18 PH DIST Z3 OP
FlexLogic Entry 19 OR(3)
FlexLogic Entry 20 = PH TRIP (VO3) Any Phase Distance zone operation
FlexLogic Entry 21 PH DIST Z1 OP
FlexLogic Entry 22 GND DIST Z1 OP
FlexLogic Entry 23 POTT OP
FlexLogic Entry 24 RECLOSE INIT On(H7a)
FlexLogic Entry 25 OR(4)
FlexLogic Entry 26 LATCH 1 ON
FlexLogic Entry 27 BUS CB PRESS On(M7c)
FlexLogic Entry 28 AND(3)
FlexLogic Entry 29 = RECLOSE INIT (VO4) Gate assigned to initiate reclose
FlexLogic Entry 30 AR CLOSE BKR 1
FlexLogic Entry 31 SYNC 1 SYNC OP
FlexLogic Entry 32 BUS CB PRESS On(M7c)
FlexLogic Entry 33 AND(3)
FlexLogic Entry 34 = CLOSE BRK (VO5) Breaker close command,
autoreclose with synchcheck
FlexLogic Entry 35 CLOSE BRK On (VO5)
FlexLogic Entry 36 NEGATIVE ONE SHOT
FlexLogic Entry 37 TIMER 4
FlexLogic Entry 38 ANY BRK CLD On (VO11) At least one breaker closed
FlexLogic Entry 39 AND(2)
FlexLogic Entry 40 TIMER 5
FlexLogic Entry 41 = RECL SUCCESS (VO6) Identification of successful
reclosure
FlexLogic Entry 42 POTT OP
FlexLogic Entry 43 PH DIST Z2 OP
FlexLogic Entry 44 AND(2)
FlexLogic Entry 45 = PILOT PH TR (VO8) Identification of pilot phase trip
FlexLogic Entry 46 POTT OP
FlexLogic Entry 47 GND DIST Z2 OP
FlexLogic Entry 48 AND(2)
FlexLogic Entry 49 = PILOT GR TR (VO9) Identification of pilot ground trip
FlexLogic Entry 50 SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP
FlexLogic Entry 51 POWER SWING BLOCK
FlexLogic Entry 52 LOAD ENCHR OP
FlexLogic Entry 53 OR(3)

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FlexLogic Entry 54 = BLOCK 21P (VO10) Blocking of phase distance

FlexLogic Entry 55 BREAKER 1 CLOSED
FlexLogic Entry 56 BREAKER 2 CLOSED
FlexLogic Entry 57 OR(2)
FlexLogic Entry 58 = ANY BRK CLD (VO11) Identification of at least one breaker
open state
FlexLogic Entry 59 BREAKER 1 OPEN
FlexLogic Entry 60 BREAKER 2 OPEN Identification of both breakers
closed state
FlexLogic Entry 61 AND(2)
FlexLogic Entry 62 = ALL BRK OPEN (VO12)
FlexLogic Entry 63 BREAKER 1 CLOSED
FlexLogic Entry 64 TRIP BUS CB VOff (H1)
FlexLogic Entry 65 AND(2)
FlexLogic Entry 66 TIMER 6
FlexLogic Entry 67 = TripCirALARM (VO19) Trip circuit alarm when breaker 1 is
closed
FlexLogic Entry 68 SRC1 VT FUSE FAIL OP
FlexLogic Entry 69 TripCirALARM On (VO19)
FlexLogic Entry 70 OR(2)
FlexLogic Entry 71 = Crit alarm (VO20) Critical alarm form either VTFF or
Trip Circ. Alarm

Flexlogic Timers
Timer Exmaple setting User setting Comment
# units PKP DPO
1 second 0 1 Spare
2 second 0 1 Spare
3 second 0 1 Spare
4 second 0 4 Delay to identify successful autorelosure
5 second 2 1 Delay to identify successful autorelosure
6 millisecond 300 200 Delay to set Trip Circuit Supervivon alarm

Flexelements
Can be used to create user-required protection elements.

Non-volatile latches
Latch #1 used to memorize Autoreclose Enable/Disable command from either pushbuttons or RTU
Name Example setting User setting Comment
LATCH 1: Function Enabled
LATCH 1: Type Reset Dominant Reset or Set dominant
LATCH 1: Set 79 SET On(H8c) Operand causing Set position
LATCH 1: Reset 79 RESET On(M8c) Operand causing Reset position
LATCH 1: Target Disabled
LATCH 1: Events Enabled

GROUPED ELEMENTS - GROUP 1

LINE PICKUP (Group 1)

This element performs the switch-on-to-fault function.
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
Function Enabled
Signal Source SRC 1

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Phase IOC Line Pickup 1.05 pu =IFgr_min1*0.9/CTpri=672*0.9/600=1.05

pu (factor 0.9 is used to ensure operation
for current below minimum fault current)
UV Pickup 0.700 pu No-voltage check
Line End Open Pickup Delay 0.150 s
Line End Open Reset Delay 0.090 s
OV Pickup Delay 0.040 s Time window of opportunity for Line
Pickup operation, when voltage builds
up.
Autoreclose Coordination Enabled No high-speed reclosure is used for this
Bypass application
Autoreclose Coordination Pickup 0.045 s
Delay
Autoreclose Coordination Reset 0.005 s
Delay
Terminal Open ALL BRK OPEN Indication from breakers that line is de-
On (VO12) energized
AR Accelerate OFF
Block OFF
Target Latched
Events Enabled

Distance (Group 1)
Specifies common for all distance elements settings.
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
Source for 3-phase voltage and current for
Source SRC 1 distance
Memory Duration 10 cycles Duration of the memory
Operand to reset memory if needed in
Force Self-Polar OFF special cases

Phase Distance Z1
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
PH DIST Z1: Function Enabled
PH DIST Z1: Direction Forward Direction: Forward or Reverse
PH DIST Z1: Shape Mho Shape MHO or QUAD
PH DIST Z1: Xfmr Vol Connection None Needed if VTs are located after transform.
PH DIST Z1: Xfmr Curr Connection None Needed if CTs are located after transform.
PH DIST Z1: Reach 2.55 ohms =Z1sec*0.85=3*0.85=2.55 (reach is set to
85% of the line length)
PH DIST Z1: RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle.
PH DIST Z1: Comp Limit 90 This produces a circular Mho
characteristic
PH DIST Z1: DIR RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle for
direct. checks
PH DIST Z1: DIR Comp Limit 90 Blinders for directional lines
PH DIST Z1: Quad Right Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z1: Quad Right Blinder 85 Used for QUAD only
RCA
PH DIST Z1: Quad Left Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z1: Quad Left Blinder RCA 85 Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z1: Supervision 1.00 pu <0.8*IF2ph_min/CTpri<0.8*767/600<1.02pu
setting 1.0pu is chosen
PH DIST Z1: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors
PH DIST Z1: Delay 0.000 s Element delay
PH DIST Z1: Block BLOCK 21P On Blocking for defined conditions
(VO10)
PH DIST Z1: Target Latched Target mode

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Phase Distance Z2
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
PH DIST Z2: Function Enabled
PH DIST Z2: Direction Forward
PH DIST Z2: Shape Mho
PH DIST Z2: Xfmr Vol Connection None
PH DIST Z2: Xfmr Curr Connection None
PH DIST Z2: Reach 3.75 ohms =Z1sec*1.25=3*1.25=3.75 (reach is set to
125% of the line length)
PH DIST Z2: RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle.
PH DIST Z2: Comp Limit 90 This produces a circular Mho
characteristic
PH DIST Z2: DIR RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle for
direct. checks
PH DIST Z2: DIR Comp Limit 90 Blinders for directional lines
PH DIST Z2: Quad Right Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z2: Quad Right Blinder 85 Used for QUAD only
RCA
PH DIST Z2: Quad Left Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z2: Quad Left Blinder RCA 85 Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z2: Supervision 0.680 pu =Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z2reach=1*2.55/3.75=
0.68pu
PH DIST Z2: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors
PH DIST Z2: Delay 0.300 s Element delay
PH DIST Z2: Block BLOCK 21P On Blocking for defined conditions
(VO10)
PH DIST Z2: Target Latched Target mode

Phase Distance Z3
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
PH DIST Z3: Function Enabled
PH DIST Z3: Direction Forward
PH DIST Z3: Shape Mho
PH DIST Z3: Xfmr Vol Connection None
PH DIST Z3: Xfmr Curr Connection None
PH DIST Z3: Reach 6.00 ohms 2 conditions:
>1.25*Z2reach>1.25*3.75>4.69
< ZLsec /2<13.3/2<6.65 (allowing for 200%
emergency line overload)
Zone reach is chosen 6 secondary Ohms
PH DIST Z3: RCA 85 Line impedance angle for distance
PH DIST Z3: Comp Limit 90 This produces a circular Mho
characteristic
PH DIST Z3: DIR RCA 85 Line impedance angle for direct. checks
PH DIST Z3: DIR Comp Limit 90 Blinders for directional lines
PH DIST Z3: Quad Right Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z3: Quad Right Blinder 85 Used for QUAD only
RCA
PH DIST Z3: Quad Left Blinder 10.00 ohms Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z3: Quad Left Blinder RCA 85 Used for QUAD only
PH DIST Z3: Supervision 0.430 pu =Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z3reach=1*2.55/6=0.43
pu
PH DIST Z3: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors
PH DIST Z3: Delay 1.000 s Element delay
PH DIST Z3: Block BLOCK 21P On Blocking for defined conditions
(VO10)
PH DIST Z3: Target Latched Target mode

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Phase Distance Z4 (not used)

GROUND DISTANCE

Notes on ground distance settings:

Setting Ground Dist Z0/Z1 Mag
This setting specifies the ratio between the zero sequence and positive sequence impedance magnitudes
required for zero sequence compensation of the ground distance elements.

Setting Ground Dist Z0/Z1 Ang

This setting specifies the angular difference between the zero sequence and positive sequence impedances
required for zero sequence compensation of the ground distance elements. The value to be entered is the zero
sequence impedance angle minus the positive sequence impedance angle. It can be positive or negative sign.

The two settings above are provided in all zone elements to provide precision in the event of tapped, non-
homogenous or series compensated lines.

Calculation of Compensation Settings:

For Positive Sequence Z1 = 385and Zero Sequence Z0=985in secondary ohms

Then: Z0/Z1 MAG = 9/3 = 3 and Z0/Z1 ANG = 8085= -5

Ground Distance Z1
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
GR DISTANCE Z1: Function Enabled
GR DISTANCE Z1: Direction Forward
GR DISTANCE Z1: Shape Quad Shape of the element
GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0/Z1 Mag 3.0 See calculations above, zero- sequence
compensation Magnitude
GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0/Z1 Ang -5 See calculations above, zero- sequence
compensation Angle
GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0M Z1 Mag 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. magnitude.
ZOMmag=abs(ZM)/abs(Z1), where ZM is
mutual impedance.
GR DISTANCE Z1: Z0M Z1 Ang 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. Angle
ZOMang=ang(ZM/Z1)
GR DISTANCE Z1: Reach 2.55 ohms Reach is equal to Phase Dist.Z1 reach
GR DISTANCE Z1: RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle.
GR DISTANCE Z1: Comp Limit 90 Reactance line tilt, 90 -straight line
GR DISTANCE Z1: DIR RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angel for
direct. checks
GR DISTANCE Z1: DIR Comp Limit 90 Used for base directional lines, 90 -straight
line
GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Right 3.5 ohms 2 conditions:
Blinder >1.25*(25+2.6)*CTR/VTR>2.96 (where
25 is desired primary fault resistance to
detect and 2.6 is line primary resistance at
the zone end)
<4*Z1Reach<4*2.55<10.2
3.5 setting is chosen
GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Right 85 Set equal to line RCA angle
Blinder RCA
GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Left 1.70 ohms 2 conditions:
Blinder <IL/2<13.3/2<6.85 (to allow 200% overload)
<Zright_blinder/2=3.5/2<1.75
1.7 setting is chosen
GR DISTANCE Z1: Quad Left 85 Set equal to line RCA angle
Blinder RCA
GR DISTANCE Z1: Supervision 0.34 pu <0.8*IFgr_min2/CTpri<0.8*255/600<0.34pu
setting 0.34pu is chosen

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GR DISTANCE Z1: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors
GR DISTANCE Z1: Delay 0.000 s Element delay
GR DISTANCE Z1: Block SRC1 VT FUSE Blocking for defined conditions
FAIL OP
GR DISTANCE Z1: Target Latched Target mode

Ground Distance Z2
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
GR DISTANCE Z2: Function Enabled
GR DISTANCE Z2: Direction Forward
GR DISTANCE Z2: Shape Quad Shape of the element
GR DISTANCE Z2: Z0/Z1 Mag 3.0 See calculations above, zero- sequence
compensation Magnitude
GR DISTANCE Z2: Z0/Z1 Ang -5 See calculations above, zero- sequence
compensation Angle
GR DISTANCE Z2: Z0M Z1 Mag 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. magnitude.
GR DISTANCE Z2: Z0M Z1 Ang 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. angle
GR DISTANCE Z2: Reach 3.75 ohms Reach is equal to Phase Dist.Z2 reach
GR DISTANCE Z2: RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle
GR DISTANCE Z2: Comp Limit 90 Reactance line tilt, 90 -straight line
GR DISTANCE Z2: DIR RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle for
direct. checks
GR DISTANCE Z2: DIR Comp Limit 90 Used for base directional line, 90 -straight
line
GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Right 5.13 ohms =GRZ1right_blind*Z2reach/Z1reach=3.5*3.75
Blinder /2.55=5.13
GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Right 85 Set equal to line RCA angle
Blinder RCA
GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Left Blinder 2.50 ohms =GRZ1left_blind*Z2reach/Z1reach=1.7*3.75/
2.55=2.5
GR DISTANCE Z2: Quad Left Blinder 85 Set equal to line RCA angle
RCA
GR DISTANCE Z2: Supervision 0.23 pu Overcurrent supervision
=Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z2reach=0.34*2.55/3.7
5=0.23pu
GR DISTANCE Z2: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors
GR DISTANCE Z2: Delay 0.300 s Element delay
GR DISTANCE Z2: Block SRC1 VT FUSE Blocking for defined conditions
FAIL OP
GR DISTANCE Z2: Target Latched Target mode

Ground Distance Z3
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
GR DISTANCE Z3: Function Enabled
GR DISTANCE Z3: Direction Forward
GR DISTANCE Z3: Shape Quad Shape of the element
GR DISTANCE Z3: Z0/Z1 Mag 3.0 See calculations above, zero- sequence
compensation Magnitude
GR DISTANCE Z3: Z0/Z1 Ang -5 See calculations above, zero- sequence
compensation Angle
GR DISTANCE Z3: Z0M Z1 Mag 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. magnitude.
GR DISTANCE Z3: Z0M Z1 Ang 0 Zero sequence mutual compens. angle
GR DISTANCE Z3: Reach 6.00 ohms Reach is equal to Phase Dist.Z3 reach
GR DISTANCE Z3: RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle
GR DISTANCE Z3: Comp Limit 90 Reactance line tilt, 90 -straight line
GR DISTANCE Z3: DIR RCA 85 Line positive sequence impedance angle for
direct. checks
GR DISTANCE Z3: DIR Comp Limit 90 Used for base directional line, 90 -straight line
GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Right 8.20 ohms =GRZ2right_blind*Z3reach/Z2reach=5.13*6.0/

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Blinder 3.75=8.2
GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Right 85 Set equal to line RCA angle
Blinder RCA
GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Left Blinder 4.00 ohms =GRZ2left_blind*Z3reach/Z2reach=2.5*6.0/3.
75=4.0
GR DISTANCE Z3: Quad Left Blinder 85 Set equal to line RCA angle
RCA
GR DISTANCE Z3: Supervision 0.15 pu Overcurrent supervision
=Z1supervis*Z1reach/Z2reach=0.34*2.55/6=0
.15pu
GR DISTANCE Z3: Volt Level 0.000 pu Settings used with series capacitors
GR DISTANCE Z3: Delay 1.000 s Element delay
GR DISTANCE Z3: Block SRC1 VT FUSE Blocking for defined conditions
FAIL OP
GR DISTANCE Z3: Target Latched Target mode

Ground Distance Z4 (not used)

X
POWER SWING DETECT [GROUP 1]
Power Swing is used to block phase distance

As MHO Zone 3 is blocked by Power Swing Blocking,

The Inner Limit Angle is established by
co-ordination with Zone 3. Goal is to find where
swing locus intersects Zone 3 (point 2), take a safety margin 1
of 25% (point 3) and establish angle. 2
3
4
1. Point 1 is middle of sources and line impedances
and is calculated as follows 0 R
Z1 Zfsec Zbsec 3 5.14 6
Z 0 1 sec Zbsec 5.14 1.93
2 2
2. Point 2 is intersection of MHO zone 3 and swing trajectory

Z12 Z01 (Z3reach Z0 1 1.93 (3 1.93) 1.44

3. Point 3 is safety margin

Z13 1.5 * Z12 1.5 * 1.44 2.16

4. Inner Limit Angle is;

Z1sec Zf sec Zbsec

2 7.07
ILA 180 2 arctan( ) 180 2 arctan( ) 180 2 7334
Z13 2.16
, ILA is set to 40and Z1-3 is re-calculated using 40angle;
As minimum setting for ILA is 40

Z1sec Zfsec Zbsec

2 7.07
Z13 2.57

tan( 180 240 ) tan( 70 )

5. Outer Limit Impedance from point 1 to point 4 is determined by maximum load, assumed exporting load at 30
;

Z14 0.8 ZLsec cos( RCA 30) 0.8 13.3 cos(8530 ) 6.1

Consequently, Outer Limit Angle (OLA) is determined similarly to ILA as follows;

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Z1sec Zfsec Zbsec

2 7.07
OLA 180 2 arctan( ) 1802 arctan( ) 1802 49.2 82
Z4 6.1
6. Average rotor velocity during stable power swing is 2 slip cycles per second (real number has to be confirmed
with system studies) =2cyc/sec

Then Delay 1 Timer (D1T) is determined as;

OLA ILA 8240

D1T 0.058 sec
360 360 2

cyc f nom 0.017 sec 60

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment

Function Enabled
Source SRC 1 3-phase source with line current and voltage
Shape Mho Shape Shape MHO or QUAD
Mode Two Step Mode 2-step or 3-setp
Supv 0.600 pu Overcurrent supervison
Fwd Reach 11.25 ohms 1.25*(Z1pri+Sf)*CTR/VTR 1.25*(35+70)*120/140
0 11.25
1.5*Z3reach 1.5*6 9 (or Z4reach if used)
11.25 is chosen
Quad Fwd Mid 60.00 ohms Fwd reach for Quad middle zone (not used here)
Quad Fwd Out 30.00 ohms Fwd reach for Quad outer zone (not used here)
Fwd Rca 85 Forward RCA, set equal to line impedance angle
Rev Reach 6.50 ohms 1.25*Sb* CTR/VTR 1.25*60*120/1400 6.43
6.5 is chosen
Quad Rev Mid 60.00 ohms Reverse reach for middle zone in secondary Ohms
Quad Rev Out 30.00 ohms Reverse reach for outer zone in secondary Ohms
Rev Rca 85 Reverse RCA, set equal to line impedance angle
Outer Limit Angle 89 =89 , see calculations above
Middle Limit Angle 90 Setting defines the MHO middle shape, not used
Inner Limit Angle 40 =40 , see calculations above
Outer Rgt Bld 100.00 ohms Outer shape right blinder resistive reach
Outer Lft Bld 100.00 ohms Outer shape left blinder resistive reach
Middle Rgt Bld 100.00 ohms Middle shape right blinder resistive reach
Middle Lft Bld 100.00 ohms Middle shape left blinder resistive reach
Inner Rgt Bld 100.00 ohms Inner shape right blinder resistive reach
Inner Lft Bld 100.00 ohms Inner shape left blinder resistive reach
Delay 1 Pickup 0.058 s =0.058s, see calculations above
Delay 1 Reset 0.050 s This setting defines reset of the power swing when
locus leaves outer shape.
Delay 2 Pickup 0.017 s This setting is used for out-of-step function (not
used for this application)
Delay 3 Pickup 0.009 s This setting is used for out-of-step function (not
used for this application)
Delay 4 Pickup 0.017 s This setting is used for out-of-step function (not
used for this application)
Seal-In Delay 0.400 s This setting is used for out-of-step function (not
used for this application)
Trip Mode Delayed This setting is used for out-of-step function (not
used for this application)
Block OFF Blocks out-of-step function (not used for this
application)
Target Self-reset

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LOAD ENCROACHMENT (used to block phase distance Z1, Z2 and Z3 elements)

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment

Function Enabled
Source SRC 1 3-phase AC source
Setting determines the positive sequence voltage
Min Volt 0.750 pu below which element is blocked
=ZLsec/2, Resistive reach of the element in
secondary ohm, allowing for 200% emergency
Reach 6.65 ohms loadings
Setting specifies the size of the blocking region,
Angle 35 should reflect maximum load angle
Delay on pickup, if used to block time-delayed
Pickup Delay 0.000 s zones, should be less than zones delay
Reset Delay 0.000 s Delay on dropout
Can be used to block element for certain
Block OFF conditions, for example VT fuse failure
Target Self-reset
Events Enabled

CONTROL ELEMENTS
Setting Groups 2 through 6-Not Used.

Trip Output-not used as single-pole tripping is not required

Synchrocheck

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment

SYNCHROCHECK1: Enabled
Function
SYNCHROCHECK1: Block OFF
st
SYNCHROCHECK1: V1 SRC 1 1 voltage source
Source
SYNCHROCHECK1: V2 SRC 2 2nd voltage source
Source
SYNCHROCHECK1: Max 10000 V Maximum allowed voltage difference
Volt Diff
SYNCHROCHECK1: Max 30 Maximum allowed angle difference
Angle Diff
SYNCHROCHECK1: Max 1.00 Hz Maximum allowed frequency difference
Freq Diff
SYNCHROCHECK1: Freq 0.06 Hz Frequency pickup/dropout hysteresis
Hysteresis
SYNCHROCHECK1: Dead LV1 and DV2 Dead/Live source selection. Line voltage- dead ,
Source Select bus voltage- live
SYNCHROCHECK1: Dead 0.30 pu Minimum SRC1 (line voltage) for synchcheck to
V1 Max Volt consider voltage Dead
SYNCHROCHECK1: Dead 0.30 pu Minimum SRC2 (bus voltage) for synchcheck to
V2 Max Volt consider voltage Dead
SYNCHROCHECK1: Live 0.70 pu Maximum SRC1 (line voltage) for synchcheck to
V1 Min Volt consider voltage Live
SYNCHROCHECK1: Live 0.70 pu Maximum SRC2 (bus voltage) for synchcheck to
V2 Min Volt consider voltage Live
SYNCHROCHECK1: Disabled
Target

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Digital Elements-not used

Digital Counters-not used

VT Fuse Failure
This element is used for blocking the distance elements and issuing a critical alarm.
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
VT FUSE FAILURE 1: Function Enabled VT Fuse Fail has to be enabled

Open Pole Detector-not used

Pilot Scheme POTT

Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
Function Enabled
Permissive Echo Disabled Needed for weak-infeed applications (not used
for this application)
Echo Condition OFF Permissive echo oper. for weak-infeed
applications, (not used for this application)
Rx Pickup Delay 0.000 s Needed to cope with possible spurious Rx signal
Trans Block Pickup Delay 0.020 s Transient blocking; needed to block distance
during current reversals due to sequential
tripping on the parallel lines
Trans Block Reset Delay 0.090 s Reset of transient blocking
Echo Duration 0.100 s Duration of the echo
Echo Lockout 0.250 s
Line End Open Pickup Delay 0.050 s Echo pickup on the breaker open conditions
Seal-In Delay 0.010 s Seal-in delay
Gnd Dir OC Fwd OFF Directional ground can supplement distance (not
used for this application)
No of Comm Bits 1 Number of comms bits
Rx1 SPARE On(H8a) Contact Input for received signal
Rx2 OFF
Rx3 OFF
Rx4 OFF
Target Latched

Autoreclose
Setting Name Example setting User setting Comment
Function Enabled
Mode 3 Pole - B Mode: single-pole, 3-pole etc
Max Number Of Shots 1 Number of shots
Block BKR1 OFF General Block is used
Close Time BKR1 0.10 s Duration of the close command, should
be greater than maximum breaker
close time including aux. Contact
BKR Man Close OFF Blocking of AR when breaker closed by
operator from switch or SCADA.
Blk Time Upon Man Cls 10.00 s Duration of the AR blocking upon
manual close
1-P Init OFF Used in single-pole tripping
3-P Init RECLOSE INIT On Initiation of the 3-pole autoreclose from
(VO4) TPC specified functions
3-P TD Init OFF Time delayed initiation (not used for
this application)
Multi P Fault OFF Used in single-pole tripping
BKR 1 Pole Open OFF Used in single-pole tripping
BKR 3 Pole Open OFF Breaker status is brought from Breaker

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Control automatically
st
3-P Dead Time 1 1.00 s 3-pole dead time for 1 shot
nd
3-P Dead Time 2 1.20 s 2 shot is not used
Extend Dead T1 OFF Extension of the Dead Time 1(not used
for this application)
Dead T1 Extension 0.50 s Extension of the Dead Time 1(not used
for this application)
Reset OFF Custom reset if needed
Reset Time 10.00 s Reset time after successful reclose
BKR Closed OFF Breaker status is brought from Breaker
Control automatically
Block LATCH 1 OFF Blocking AR from Reset pushbutton
Pause OFF Allows freezing of the recluse cycle,
not used
Inc Seq Time 15.00 s Incomplete sequence time to lockout
Block BKR2 OFF Not needed for single-breaker
application
Close Time BKR2 0.10 s Not needed for single-breaker
application
Transfer 1 to 2 No Not needed for single-breaker
application
Transfer 2 to 1 No Not needed for single-breaker
application
BKR1 Fail Option Continue Not needed for single-breaker
application
BKR2 Fail Option Continue Not needed for single-breaker
application
1-P Dead Time 1.00 s 1-pole tripping
BKR Sequence 1&2 Both breakers (if used) reclose
simultaneously
Transfer Time 4.00 s Transfer time from one breaker to
another
Event Enabled

Contact Inputs
Example setting User setting Comment
ID Name Debounce Events
Time
H7A RECLOSE INIT 2.0 ms Enabled
H7C BUS CB 52A 2.0 ms Enabled Bus CB auxiliary contact
H8A SPARE 2.0 ms Disabled
H8C 79 SET 2.0 ms Enabled Input from Set pushbutton
M7A TIE CB 52A 2.0 ms Enabled Tie CB auxiliary contact
M7C BUS CB PRESS 2.0 ms Enabled
M8A SPARE 2.0 ms Enabled
M8C 79 RESET 2.0 ms Enabled Input from Reset pushbutton

Contact Input Thresholds

Set To 84 Volts for 125 Volt batteries.

Contact Outputs
The critical failure output is used in parallel with VT Fuse Fail and Trip Circuit supervision alarms.
ID Example setting User setting Comment
Name Operate Seal-In Events
H1 TRIP BUS CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Enabled
H2 TRIP BUS SPR TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
H3 CLOSE CB CLOSE BRK On OFF Enabled
(VO5)

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H4 FLT REC STRTTRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled

H5 BFI BUS CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
H6 BFI SPARE TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
M1 TRIP TIE CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
M2 TRIP TIE SPRTRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
M3 AR RECL SUCCESS OFF Enabled
SUCCESSF. On (VO6)
M4 TRIPtoFL.RECTRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
M5 BFI TIE CB TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
M6 BFI TIE SPR TRIP On (VO1) OFF Disabled
P1 RTU:GR TRIP GR TRIP On OFF Enabled
(VO2)
P2 RTU:PH TRIP PH TRIP On OFF Enabled
(VO3)
P3 RTU: AR IN AR ENABLED OFF Disabled
P4 RECLOSE ON AR ENABLED OFF Enabled
P5 RECLOSE OFF AR DISABLED OFF Enabled
P6 RTU: AR OFF AR DISABLED OFF Disabled
P7 Cric. Alarm Crit. Alarm On OFF Enabled VTFF and Trip Circuit
(VO20) Supervision
P8 CTL: AR ON AR ENABLED OFF Disabled

Virtual Outputs
ID Example setting User setting Comment
Name Events
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 1 TRIP Enabled Trip command
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 2 GR TRIP Disabled Ground distance operation
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 3 PH TRIP Disabled Phase distance operation
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 4 RECLOSE INIT Enabled Initiation of reclosure
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 5 CLOSE BRK Enabled Close breaker(s) command
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 6 RECL SUCCESS Disabled Reclosure is successful
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 7 SPARE Disabled SPARE
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 8 PILOT PH TR. Disabled Phase pilot scheme operation
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 9 PILOT GR TR. Disabled Ground pilot scheme oper.
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 10 BLOCK 21P Enabled Block phase distance
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 11 ANY BRK CLD Disabled At least one breaker closed
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 12 ALL BRK OPEN Disabled Both breakers open
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 19 TripCirALARM Enabled Trip Circuit Supervision oper.
VIRTUAL OUTPUT 20 Crit. Alarm Disabled Critical alarm operation

Color-coding
Cell color Remark
Critical setting, need to be revised specifically to protected line
Set per project specification
Non critical, default setting

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