Prepared By: P.

Madhavan
ENGINEERING REPORT

P441 RELAY TESTS PROCEDURE NOTES CONFIDENTIAL

The information contained
in this document is not to be
communicated either
directly or indirectly to any
person not authorised to
receive it.

SUMMARY:

This report is intended to explain procedures for performing tests on the P442 relay
using an Omicron test set or similar test kit.

1. INITIAL CONFIGURATION
1.1. OMICRON TEST SET CONF GURATION
Omicron Test Universe Software and an Omicron 256 test set were used in
performing the tests. Initial Omicron Test Universe configurations are given below.
Specific configurations are outlined in the procedures for each test.
• Advanced Distance Protection Module
• Set the nominal frequency and maximum current limits
• At least 1.0 s Pre-fault Voltage
• Connect Relay trip contact to Omicron C256 input to remove fault

2. DISTANCE PROTECTION FUNCTION TESTS

2.1. IMPEDANCE REACH TESTS
Objective:
To check the line angle reach of all zones for selected fault types.
Connections:
Standard Connections
Relay Settings:
Service Settings plus enable distance protection in the configuration section of the menu.
Method:
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P441 Test Procedure

• Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1.0 s and then apply AN, BN, CN, AB, BC,
CA faults at the relay line angle to find the Z1, Z2, Z3 Z4 reach pick up.
• Use the reach and boundary test facility in Omicron Test Universe Advance
Distance module.
• Carry out auto-test feature of Omicron to take out the test report for reach
test.

2.2. ZONE TIMING TESTS

Objective:
To check the operation times for each zone on selected fault types.
Connections:
Standard Connections
Relay Settings:
Service Settings plus enable distance protection in the configuration section of the
menu.
Method:
• Apply Zone-1 fault and note the timing, which should almost instantaneous.
• Similarly apply Zone-2, 3 and 4 fault and note the timing, which should
equal to their set time-delay.
• Use the time test facility in Omicron Test Universe Advance Distance
module.

2.3. CHANNEL AIDED TESTS

Objective:
To check that an instantaneous channel aided operation occurs for all types of
channel aided scheme selection. Verify that a carrier send signal is sent.
Connections:
Standard Connections plus energise channel receive 1 optical isolator (terminal
D2 +ve, terminal D1 –ve). The distance signal send signal can be monitored on
terminals assigned for Carrier Send.
Relay Settings:
Service Settings plus enable distance protection in the configuration section of the
menu. Enable the scheme used (PUP Z2, POP Z2) in site.
Method:
POPZ2:
• Instant Aided Trip - Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a
Zone 2 fault and energise the channel receive Opto.
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• Signal Send - Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a zone
2 BC fault without energising the channel receives 1 optical isolator. The Dist
signal send contact should close. Also a time-delayed trip should occur.
• Send Logic: Zone 2 start; Trip Logic: CR + Zone 2 start

PUPZ2:
• Instant Aided Trip - Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a
Zone 2 fault and energise the channel receive Opto. Repeat but do not
energise the carrier receive optical isolator. A time-delayed trip should
occur.
• Signal Send - Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a zone
1 BC fault without energising the channel receive 1 optical isolator. The Dist
signal send contact should close.
• Send Logic: Zone 1 trip; Trip logic: Zone 2 start + CR.

BOP :
• Instant Aided Trip - Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a
Zone 2 fault and DO NOT energise the channel receive Opto. Repeat but
energise the carrier receive optical isolator then there should not be a trip.
• Signal Send - Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a zone
4 BC fault . The Dist signal send contact should close.
• Send Logic: Zone 4 start; Trip Logic: Zone 2 start + NO CR

2.4. POWER SWING BLOCK TESTS

Objective:
Verify operation of the Power Swing Block function by checking distance
protection blocking during a power swing.
Connections:
Standard Connections. The power swing alarm (that detects when the swing
enters the impedance Characteristic) can be monitored by assigning an LED.
Relay Settings:
Service Settings plus enable distance protection in the configuration section of the
menu, also enable PSB function. Set PSB boundary = 5% of Zone-3 Ph-Ph Resistive
reach settings or more.
Method:
• Use Omicron Quick CMC module. With fixed current, reduce the voltage from
a healthy state (outside Power Swing boundary), until PSB is detected. Keep all
the zones blocked and now the LED assigned for PSB will glow. Note: Keep
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P441 Test Procedure

current angle –70 deg in R-ph and accordingly balance the angles for other
phases.
• For testing purpose, unblock only zone-1 and note that if the Power swing
enters Zone1 relay goes for tripping.

3. SWITCH ON TO FAULT FUNCTION TEST

Objective:
To check the operation of the Switch onto Fault (SOTF) when selected faults are
applied upon or within 500ms of circuit energisation conditions.
Connections:
Standard Connections
Relay Settings:
Initial Settings plus enable distance protection in the configuration section of the
menu, also set SOTF/TOR setting options to SOTF all zones
Method:
• Apply a Zone-2 fault without prefault voltage. Do not give CB closed signal.
• Note that the relay trips in Zone-1 time delay.
• Use the time test facility in Omicron Test Universe Advance Distance
module.
• If the Main VT Location is on BUS side it is mandatory to give “CB Aux 52A or
52B” status or “ Manual Close CB” status in PSL. Also mention Main VT
location-Bus in relay settings.
• Keep the SOTF time delay= 10 secs, during testing.

4. NON-DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT PROTECTION

4.1. OVERCURRENT SENSITIVITY TESTS
Objective:
To verify that the relay overcurrent elements operate at the set thresholds.
Connection:
Standard Connections
Settings:
Test with the service settings at site. (For eg. 1 A with Time Delay=3 sec)
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Method:
Enable stage 1 overcurrent (I>1) and disable other overcurrent elements. Increase
current slowly from 0.8 A to 1 A and see the relay operation after 3 secs at 1 A.

4.2. DEF CHANNEL AIDED TESTS

Objective:
To check that an instantaneous DEF channel aided operation occurs for channel
aided scheme selections.

Connections:
Standard Connections plus energise DEF channel receive optical isolator (terminal
D2+ve, terminal D1 –ve) as described in the method section.
Relay Settings:
Initial Settings plus enable distance and aided DEF protection in the configuration
section of the menu. In Distance Scheme Select=POPZ2. In Aided Channel Status
select Polarisation=Zerosequence; In fwd=100mA; Scheme logic=Permissive.
Method:
• Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a single-phase fault,
where the current exceeds the 100mA threshold and energise the channel
receive optical isolator. An instantaneous Channel aided DEF trip should
result.
• Apply pre-fault voltage for at least 1 s and then apply a single-phase fault,
where the current exceeds the 100mA threshold without energising the
channel receive optical isolator. The DEF signal send contact should close
without instantaneous DEF.
• Give any phase-phase fault there should not any Signal send or either
tripping.

5. SUPERVISION
5.1. VTS SUPERVISION
Objective:
To verify pickup and operation of the VTS supervision element.
Connections:
Standard plus programme VT Fail alarm to an LED.
Settings:
Enable VTS and test with the following VTS relay settings:
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P441 Test Procedure

VTS Time Delay 1s

VTS I2> & I0> Inhibit 0.05In
Method:
Apply a three-phase current of 500mA and full nominal voltage on B & C phases.
Reduce A phase voltage from nominal until the VT fail alarm operates.

6. AUTO-RECLOSE
Objective:
To verify the operation of the Auto-reclose element.
Connections:
Standard plus programme one contact for “Any Trip” and “AR Close”. Also use
LED’s for visualisation.
Settings:
Enable Internal Auto-Recloser function. In CB Control Enable-SPAR or TPAR
according to the requirement.
Set Dead time, Close pulse time and Reclaim time according to the requirement.

Note: In PSL there is no need of giving any 52 Aux Contact or CB healthy status
during testing. But, in EPAC AR will occur only if AR ON opto is energised. In P43x
relay AR will occur only if CB Healthy opto is energised.
Method:
Apply a fault is Zone-1 and note that the contact assigned for AR Close operates
after the Dead time delay.
Give a fault in Zone-2/3 and note that AR does not occur. This is also settable in
AR settings menu.

Few Important Notes:

1) When P44x relay is tested for Zone-2/3 with CTS enabled, relay might not
operate. So, disable CTS/ VTS during reach test preferably.
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2) VTS/ CTS operation are instantaneous even though the time delay is given.
Time delay is for alarm indication only.
3) While testing with CMC Omicron- if the resistive reach operation extends
beyond the Zone boundary, then remove the tick from ”Separate Arc
Resistance” from the Test.
4) If fault location is not satisfactory, increase the Prefault timing.