3.

3.1 : (
).
: , , (..
). : , , , .

3.2 :

. 3.1 3.2 (
: )

. 3.3 . 3.4

.3.5 . 3.6 (
:
)

. 3.7
3.3 ,
,
: -
x, y, -
xy.

.
( , :
x, y )

, . (

, .
.
, ).
.

: (
) , (
) ' .
'
. ( , -
).

, :
, x, y z
, x, y z

.
B
r

A y
x
y

x
3.8.

x y ( x, y)
r.
3. :

()
().
,
.
: ,
,
.

. 3.9 . 3.10

. .

, ' .
,
.
.
: , , ..
:
- ,
.. ( ), ( ) (
) .
- ,
.
. 3.11 () ,
()
()

,
-
- , , ,
.

.
,
.

(.. , )
,
.

. 3.12


,
. ,
.

.

, .
.
:
(..
), , (..
), ...

3.13

3.5 , 3.1
F=1000N
1.
. A B

300 700

2. ,
F
( )
. ' A B
. Ax

Ay y
().

3. .
( ,
 ).
.
3.
3:
=0
( F*300mm y * 1000mm = 0 (1) )
.
( : (1) => y * 1000mm = F*300mm =>
300mm
=> y = F * = ... = 300 N )
1000mm

4. :
Fx=0
Fy=0
.
Fx=0 => Ax = 0
Fy=0 => Ay + y F = 0 =>
=> Ay = F y = 1000 300 = 700
F=750N
3.6
A B
3.2:

0,2m 1m

: F

A B
: Ax

Ay By

,
:
=0 => F*1,2m y * 0,2m = 0 => F*1,2m = y * 0,2m =>

1,2 m
=> y = F * = ... = 4500 N
0,2 m

:
Fx=0 => Ax = 0
Fy=0 => Ay + y F = 0 => Ay = F y = 750 4500 = 3750
 Ay - F
Ay
B
Ax
(. ). A
By

F=2000N
3.3:

A B

400

:
, F
. -
,
Ax A B

Ay
(). ()

( - F' F

F ' , Ax A B
().
=F' Ay
- ()
. ()) F'

,
:
=0 => F*0,4m = 0
:

(; . . ()
, = F ' )
:
F*0,4m = 0 => = F*0,4m = 2000 * 0,4m = 800 Nm
Ax Ay:
Fx=0 => Ax = 0
Fy=0 => Ay F = 0 => Ay = F = 2000 N
 3.4: y, y -
. .

( 1: ,
:)

F2=57,5kN
F1=20kN

Ax

Ay By

100 300 400

2: :
Fx = 0 => Ax = 0
Fy = 0 => Ay + By F1 F2 = 0 => => => Ay + By = 77,5 kN (1)
MA = 0 (T , ,
)
=>F1*100mm + F2*400mm By*800mm = 0 =>
100 400
=>By = F1 * + F2 * = 31,25 kN
800 800
(1) => Ay = 77,5 kN By = 46,25 kN
 3.5:
.

:
, .
, .
Ay, By, Ax
5 ( Ay ).

F :
Fy = F*cos 30 = 1000N*0,866 = 866 N
Fx = F*sin 30 = 1000N*0,500 = 500 N

, :
(1)
Fx = 0 => Ax Fx = 0 => Ax = Fx = 500 N (2)
= 0 (*) => y*250mm Fy*350mm = 0 => By*250 = Fy*350 =>
Fy*350 866N*350
=> By = = = 1212,4 N
250 250
fy = 0 => Ay + By Fy = 0 => Ay = Fy By = 866N 1212,4N = -346,4 N
(3)

Ax = 500N, Ay = -346,4N, By = 1212,4N

_______________
(*) ,
.

= 0 => y*50mm + By*300mm Fy*400mm = 0 (4)

( Ay, By) (

= 0 Fy = 0).
 3.6:
.

:

,.
F
:

Fx = F*cos = 20kN*cos 50 =
= 20kN*0,643 = 12,86 kN

Fy = F*sin = 20kN*sin 50 =
= 20kN*0,766 = 15,32 kN

6
:
N
R = q* = 1000 * 0,8m = 800 N = 0,8 kN
m
= /2 = 0,4 m

Ax, Ay, MA.

, :

Fx = 0 => Ax Fx = 0 => Ax = Fx = 12,86 kN

Fy = 0 => Ay R Fy = 0 => Ay = Fy + R = 15,32kN + 0,8kN = 16,12kN

= 0 => Fy* + R* = 0 =>

=> = Fy* + R* = 15,32kN*0,8m 12,90 kNm
 3.7: .

=200Nm.
.
F3 ( )
. F3 -
.
,
F1 = 0,3 F3 F2 = 0,15 F3
,
.

F1

F3
F2

100

Az Bz T
Ax

y
Ay By
x

200 200

F1 F1
F2
F3
F3
T = 200 N*m
T

R
200

y

z
 :
) (. ) -
F3. -
F3*R = F3*100mm : =

T 200 Nm 200.000 mm
. = F3*R => F3 = = = = 2000 N
R 100 mm 100 mm
( )
, F1, F2 :
F1 = 0,3 F3 = = 600 N
F2 = 0,15 F3 = 0,15*2000N = 300 N

F1
F3
F2

100

Az Bz T
Ax

y
Ay By
x

200 200
)
, . ,
Ax, Ay, By:
Fx = 0 => Ax = F2 = 300 N
MA = 0 => F1*200mm + F2*100mm By*400mm = 0 => By = 375N
Fy = 0 => Ay = F1 By = = 225N

: -
, MA -
( x-y, -
z). , ,
, . x.

100

T
Ax ,
F2

Az Bz
x F3
z
200 200

) Az, Bz:
Fx = 0
MA = 0 => F3*200mm - Bz*400mm = 0 => Bz = F3/2 = 1000 N
Fz = 0 => Az = F3 Bz = 1000 N