DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

G. H. RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGG.
VIII SEMESTER B.E.
SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION LAB

INDEX

Sr. Name of Experiment Page

No. No.
1 TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF DEFINITE TIME 2
OVERCURRENT RELAY.
2 TO PLOT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE POLE OVER 5
CURRENT OR EARTH FAULT USING STATIC I.D.M.T.
RELAYS
3 TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF STATIC OVER VOLTAGE 8
RELAY
4 TO PLOT THE CHRACTERISTICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC 10
IDMT RELAY (MODEL NO.ICM-21NP)
5 TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF STATIC DEFINITE TIME 13
REVERSE POWER RELAY (MODEL APDR-21)
6 A) TO STUDY THE MAGNETISATION CHARACTERISTICS 16
OF C.T.
B) TO STUDY THE PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH C.T.
MAGNETISATION.
7 TO PLOT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUSE WIRE 18
8 TO STUDY DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT RELAY ( ACDR 20
11 HPD)
9 TO STUDY AND PLOT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 23
IMPEDANCE RELAY ( ABB-RAKZB
10 TO STUDY TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 26
11 TO STUDY UNRESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAYS. 28

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 1

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO.1

AIM: - TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF DEFINITE TIME

OVERCURRENT RELAY.

APPARATUS: -

1) Timer
2) Static definite O/C relay (Model ACTU 32 P)
3) Auxiliary D.C. supply = 110V
4) 1 phase variac =230V, 4A
5) Ammeter AC (0-5A) and (0-1/2 A)
6) Rheostat (100 ohm, 5Amp)
7) Experiment Kit
8) Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRANM:

(0-5A) OFF
36 OHM, 8.5A
ON
A
START 230V
STOP 1-PH
TIMER SUPPLY
1PH 5
230V 3
50 HZ
SUPPLY
6 4

11 110V 12
+ DC -

THEORY:

1. Principle and operation of static definite time over current relay, time
current charact. equation.
2. Block diagram of static over current relay.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

PROCEDURE: -

1) Connect the ckt as shown in fig procedure is done & time is noted.
2) Set current and time setting of relays as per requirement
3) Connect Auxiliary D.C. Supply (110) to pin 11 & 12 of relay and pin no.
3&4 to the time interval meter.
4) Switch on the D.C. supply & make sure that relay is on Glowing of LED
on the front panel of the relay.
5) Switch on power supply from dimmer as well as to time interval meter.
6) Adjust the current setting of the relay.
7) Adjust the time setting of relay.
8) Now by making DPDT switch on, increase the value of current by
dimmer stat up to the point at which the relay trip. Trip can be observed
by glowing of trip LED on front panel of relay.
9) Switch is made off and relay is reset.
10) Now Switch is made on & time interval meter reading is noted.
11) For the same current setting , time setting is changed & same procedure
is repeated until all the time setting are covered.
12) Again current setting is changed & same PROCEDURE IS REPEATED.

OBSERVATION TABLE: -

Sr. Relay set time Set phase trip Timer Set phase tri[p Timer
No. in sec =100% time =180 % time
Ammeter Ammeter
reading reading
1.
2.
3.
4.

CHARACTERISTICS TABLE: -

Current setting = , Pick up current =

Sr. No. Fault current (A) PSM Timer Timer Timer

time, for time, for time, for
TMS = TMS = TMS =
1

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

2
.
.
.
10
RESULT & CONCLUSION: -

The operation of definite time O/C relay is studied in this experiment. The
reading is obtained for various time settings as well as current setting. It was
found that for various time delay observed for peak up values of current is
same.

Viva Question
1 Application of DTOC relay.
2 Draw back of DTOC relay
3 Importance of DC supply
4 Detail of other O/C relays
5 Use of timer

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 4

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO.2
AIM: -
TO PLOT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE POLE OVER
CURRENT OR EARTH FAULT USING STATIC I.D.M.T. RELAYS

APPARATUS: -

1) Timer
2) IDMT relay (Model APR-11 P)
3) Auxiliary D.C. supplies = 110V
4) 1 phase Dimmer stat = 230V, 10A
6) Ammeter AC (0-15A)
7) Rheostat (38 ohm, 8.5 Amp)
8) Experiment Kit
9) Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

(0-15A) OFF
36 OHM, 8.5A ON
A
START 230
TIMER 1-P
STOP SUPP
1PH 5
230V 3
50 HZ
SUPPLY
6 4

11 110V 12
+ DC -

THEORY: -

1. Define PSM, TSM.

2. Equation of time current characteristics.
3. Principle & Operation of static IDMT Relay with block diagram

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

PROCEDURE: -

1) Make the connection as shown in fig.

2) Set current and time setting of relays as per requirement
3) Set phase trip to 50% and set phase time at X1 with phase TMS
at maximum position.
4) Switch on variac and check power ON indication provided on
relay front panel.
5) Very dimmer state with fault current of 1A,relayb will trip after
certain time delay.
6) Switch OFF dimmer state without disrobing its position and
change the position of DPT switch. Also reset time.
7) Switch ON dimmer state change the position of switch and
measure the relay time from timer.
8) Reap eat same procedure for varying a different fault current.
9) Repeat this procedure consider different set phase time (TMS)

OPERATION: -

With supply on load are continuously monitored Electronic comparator checks this
value with set value (N) of phase & earth fault trip, which can be adjusted on front
plate. Pick up response is (1.1 N) IDMT timing is applicable to over current above
2N as per chosen curve. Time setting multiplier for actual tripping time delay. TMS
is adjusted by 11-position switch & with variable preset pot. These pots adjusted
time for intermediate values indicated on TMS switch. Tripping cause is indicated
by LED lamp (OC/EF). When over current trips the circuit relay NO contact
changes to NC when relay trips indicating LED to NC when relay trip indicating
LED to NC when relay trips indicating LED to NC when relay trip indicating
LED flag will remain ON till manually reset.

OBSERVATION

1 CHARACTERISTICS TABLE: - current setting =, Phase TMS

Sr. Fault current PSM Timer time for Timer time for Timer time for
No. (A) TSM = TSM= TSM=
1
2
.
.
10

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

RESULT:

For lower values of current the time current characteristics are inverse and for
higher value of current, time observed is constant.

Viva Question
1 Application of IDMT relay.
2 Draw back of IDMT relay
3 Importance of DC supply
4 Detail of other Inverse type of relays
5 Importance of static relays
6 Why IDMT relay suitable for protection of long length of LV/MV TL.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO.3

AIM: - TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF STATIC OVER VOLTAGE

RELAY
APPARATUS: -
1) Static over voltage relay (Model No.: -ASOV)
2) Auxiliary D.C. supplies 110V
3) Time interval meter
4) Single pole variac 230V, 4A
5) Voltmeter (0-300V) AC
6) Rheostat (400 ohm, 1.7 Amp)
7) Connecting wires
8) Experiment Kit

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

OFF

300 OHM,1.7A
ON
T
I
START M
STOP E
9
R
1-PH (0-300V)
230V, 3
50HZ,
v
SUPPLY 10 4

110V
11 DC 12
STATIC OVER VOLTAGE RELAY + -

THEORY: -

1. Principle and operation of static over voltage relay.

2. Application of static over voltage relay.

PROCEDURE:-

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

1) Connect the ckt as shown in fig procedure is done & time is

noted.
2) Set current and time setting of relays as per requirement
3) Connect Auxiliary D.C. Supply (110) to pin 11 & 12 of relay and
pin no. 3&4 to the time interval meter.
4) Switch on the D.C. supply & make sure that relay is on Glowing
of LED on the front panel of the relay.
5) Switch on power supply from dimmer as well as to time interval
meter.
6) Adjust the voltage setting of the relay.
7) Adjust the time setting of relay.
8) Now by making DPDT switch on, increase the value of voltage
by dimmer stat up to the point at which the relay trip. Trip can be
observed by glowing of trip LED on front panel of relay.
9) Switch is made off and relay is reset.
10) Now Switch is made on & time interval meter reading is noted.
11) For the same voltage setting , time setting is changed & same
procedure is repeated until all the time setting are covered.
12) Again voltage setting is changed & same PROCEDURE IS
REPEATED.

OBSERVATION TABLE: -

Sr. Time Knob Set Timer Set Timer Set Timer

No. Position in Voltage time Voltage time Voltage time
seconds. 105%= 130%= 155%=
1
2
.
.
10

RESULT: The static over-voltage relay is studied.

Viva Question
1 Application of over and under voltage relay.
2 Draw back of electromagnetic as compare to static relays relay
3 Importance of DC supply
4 Range of under voltage relay

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 9

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO.4

AIM: - TO PLOT THE CHRACTERISTICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC

IDMT RELAY (MODEL NO.ICM-21NP)

APPARATUS: -

1) Timer
2) IDMT relay (MODEL NO.ICM-21NP))
3) Auxiliary D.C. supplies = 110V
4) 1 phase Dimmer stat = 230V, 10A
5) Ammeter AC (0-15A)
6) Rheostat (38 ohm, 8.5 Amp)
7) Experiment Kit
8) Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

OFF

(38 ohm,8.5A)
ON
A
START
(0-10A) 230V
T
230V S I 1-PH
1 5 T 50HZ
50HZ, M
O E SUPPLY
1-PH 6 P R
SUPPLY
2

+3 110V -4
DC

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 10

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

THEORY: -

1) Construction and operation of Induction disc/ watt-metric type

electromagnetic Relays.
2) Time current characteristics equation
3) Derivation of torque produced.

PROCEDURE: -

1) Make the connection as shown in the circuit diagram.

2) Select current setting (set phase trip) less than 100%, keeping
phase TMS at maximum position.
3) Select any time setting.
4) Switch on variac and check power ON indication provided on
relay front panel.
5) Vary dimmer stat and observe current value till Pick-Up will
show Red indication when current value exceeds set phase trip
position.
6) Switch OFF dimmer stat without disturbing its position with the
help of DPT switch. Also reset time.
7) Measure the relay time from timer by switching on DPT switch.
8) Now increase the fault current and note down timer time after
switching OFF and DPT switch every time with same time
setting.
9) Repeat same procedure for different time setting keeping current
setting same.

OBSERVATION TABLE OR CHARACTERISTICS TABLE: -

Sr. Fault current (A) PSM Timer time For Timer time Timer time
No. TSM = For TSM= For TSM=
1
2
.
.
.
10

RESULT:

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 11

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

For lower values of current the time current characteristics are inverse and for
higher value for current observed times are constant.

Viva Question
1 Pickup, PSM and TSM
2 Draw back of IDMT relay
3 Derivation of Torque equation in detail
4 Detail of other Inverse type of relays
5 Why IDMT relay suitable for protection of long length of LV/MV TL.
6 Reset time and trip time
7 Why characteristics is plotted between PSM and operating time?

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 12

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO.5

AIM: - TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF STATIC DEFINITE TIME

REVERSE POWER RELAY (MODEL APDR-21)

APPARATUS: -

1) Timer
2) Static definite time reverse power relay (Model APDR 21)
3) Auxiliary D.C. supply = 110V
4) 3 phase variac =440V, 50 Hz, 8A
5) 1 phase variac =230V, 4A
6) Ammeter AC (0-1A) AC
7) Rheostat (300 ohm, 1.7Amp)
8) Phase shifting transformer
9) Voltmeter (0-300V) AC
10) Experiment Kit
11) Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

(0-2A)

R
CT
P 7 8
H
A
3 PH R R
440V S
AC E
SUPPLY R
S
H E
L
I A
Y F Y
T START
I
N (0-300V)
Y
G

V 11
T
T 3
R 1 PH
I
A S M 1 PH
VARIAC
N T 230V,
B 270V, PT E
F 4A O 50HZ, AC
O P R SUPPLY
R
B M
E
R 12 4

N N N

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

THEORY:

1. Describe the operating principle, constructional feature and area

of application of reverse power relay.
2. Draw simplified block diagram of static reverse power O/C relay.

OPERATION: -

Solid static state voltage and current sensing circuits measure the
instantaneous voltage and current value in scales down format .The algorithmic
circuit does the multiplication of the derived data. The output of this circuit remains
positive as the moment when power reversal occurs, output of the circuits changes
again. It is noted as pick up point and thus indicated by pick up LED. This also
triggers the internal timer cit. This timer is adjustable by 11 positive switches. It has
very high repeat accuracy. (Better than class 17) After the end of set timing and if
power conduction are still reverse.

PROCEDURE: -

1) Make the connection as shown in fig.

2) Set current and time setting of relays as per requirement
3) Switch on supply to 3phase dimmerstate and also D.C. supply to
relay.
4) By vaaarying 3 phase dimmerstate adjust the value of current .
5) Now keeping current at this val;ue constant change the angle of
phase shifting tranfofmer gradually.
6) Observe the tripping zone of reverse power relay.
7) The relay will trip at certain angle of phase shifting transformer note
down the angle and reset the relay.
8) Again increase the angle and observe tripping of relay.
9) Plot the tripping region of reverse power relay on the graph paper.

OBSERVATION TABLE: -

Sr. No. Phase angle Trip response

1 0
2 30
3 60
- -
- -
- -
- Till 360

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

Sr.No. Time setting in sec Trip time in sec

1 0
2 1
3 -
4 -
Till 10

RESULT:
The operation of definite time reverse power relay is studied and triggering zone is
plotted in the graph paper.

Viva Question
1 Application of Reverse power relay
2 Types of relays used and its setting for protection of ring main feeders
3 Comparison of other directional relays and reverse power relays

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 15

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO: - 06
A) TO STUDY THE MAGNETISATION CHARACTERISTICS OF
C.T.
B) TO STUDY THE PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH C.T.
MAGNETISATION.

APPARATUS:-
1) Current transformer ( CT ) 5/1 Amp
2) Ammeter :- ( 0-10 A)
3) Multimeter
4) Rheostat ( 38 ohm , 1.7 amp )
5) 1 phase Dimmerstate.
THEORY:-
Plot the excitation curve and explain
(i) From origin to ankle point
(ii) From ankle pt. to knee
(iii) Knee region
(iv) Saturation region

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

(O-1A)
300ohm,1.7A
A

230V
50HZ, (0-75V) O.
1PH, V
OR C.
SUPPLY MULTIMETER

1:5 A
CURRENT
TRANSFORMER

PROCEDURE:-

(1) Make connections as shown

(2) Current is increased by 1 phase shown
(3) A certain value of current , measure voltage from
multimeter

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

(4) Again increase the value of current and note down voltage.
(5) Similar procedure is done and current is increased till the
saturation of C.T.
(6) Draw graph of current Vs voltage.

CONCLUSION :-
Magnetization curve of C.T. is studied. Ankle point, knee
point and saturation is observed.

Viva Question
1 Difference between protective CTs and measuring CTS
2 Why CT get saturate in differential protective scheme during external fault
3 Use of CTs in protection of any equipment
4 No. of CTs require for protection of transformer and generator and their
connection.

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 17

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO :- 07

AIM :- To plot the characteristics of Fuse wire

APPARATUS- 1) Fuse wire

2) Ammeter AC (0-10 A)
3) Stop watch
4) 1 ph Dimmerstat 230V, 10 A
5) Loading Rheostat
6) Rheostat (38 Ohm, 8.5 A)
7) Experimental Kit
8) Connecting Wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

(0-15A)
38 ohm,8.5A FUSE
A

1PH
230V L
50HZ, O
A
SUPPLY D

DIMMERSTATE
1PH
230V,8A

THEORY: - 1) Detail theory and operation of fuses

2) Characteristics of Fuse
3) Types of Fuses

PROCEDURE: -
1) Make the connections as shown in Fig.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

2) Switch on the supply and keep the full load in the on

position. Adjust the current to certain value with the
help of dimmerstat
3) Stop watch is stopped when the fuse element is blown
which is indicated by decreasing of current in
ammeter to zero. Note down the time of stop watch.
4) Again after changing the fuse element increase the
current to certain value and repeat above procedure .

OBSERVATION:

Sr.No Current ( Amp) Time (Sec)

1
.
.
5

RESULT AND CONCLUSION :-

The characteristics of fuse wire is studied in this experiment

and
is found to be inverse type ,and is plotted on graph paper .

Viva Question
1 Application of fuse wire
2 comparisons of fuse and circuit breaker
3 Types of fuses and their application
4 types of fuse require for protection of transformer, generator and induction
motor

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 19

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIEMNT NO:- 08
AIM :- TO STUDY DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT RELAY ( ACDR 11
HPD)

APPARATUS :-
1) ASHIDA make single pole directional O/C relay ACDR 11 HPD
2) Phase shifting transformer
3) Dimmerstat ( 3 phase , 440 volt, 50 Hz )
4) Ammeter (0-1 Amp)
5) Rheostate ( 300 ohm , 1.7 Amp)
6) Dimmerstat ( 1 phase , 230 volt, 4 Amp)
7) DC Power Supply ( 110 Volt )

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

110V
(0-2A) + DC -
1000ohm,1.2A
A

R
3-PH
440V 15
16
R R
50 HZ
AC 3-PH
SUPPLY SHIFTING
11
TRANSFO
Y RMER 7

CT PT
Y

B
12
8
B

N 3 4
N
TIMER

TO TRIP
CIRCUIT

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

THEORY : -
1. Directional O/C relay
2. Directional relay connection

OPERATION-

Load current is continuously monitored and compared to set value

and polarized with voltage for direction sensing. As soon as the current exceeds the
set value and it is operating direction then N value (Time set value) is calculated
and then the delay time count is started , two types of curves 10 times ( N=10 )
current 3.0 sec . Delay and 1.3 sec delay can be provided. At the end of the time
count if the current still exceeds the set value TRIP is exceeded. All the monitored
current value is available at the front D is skeets for external recording .
If the direction is reverse then the TRIP execution is
(represented) restrained high fault setting is also provided (2N. 20 N) IF the
current value exceeds the HF set value instant trip (i.e. 100 msec.) is executed, by
passing the directional restraint.

PROCEDURE:-

1) Make the connections as shown in the fig.

2) Apply the voltage across the P.T of relay
3) The pick up current through the relay coil.
4) Set current and time setting of relays as per requirement
5) Switch on the supply.
6) Find out the operating region and non-operating region of
relay by changing angle using the phase shifting transformer.
7) Adjust the current to such a value, which is more than plug
setting.
8) Change the shifter angle such that relay operates in that
region.

OBSERRVATION TABLE :

Sr. Phase angle MTS = MAX torque setting

No.
45 degree 60 Degree 9th Line
1 0
2 30
3 60
4 90
5 120
6 150
7 180
8 -150 degree till
9 0 degree

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

RESULT:- The static directional relay is studied and graph for different
maximum torque setting is drawn.

Viva Question
1 Application of Directional over current relay
2 Derivation of max. torque angle in directional O/C relay
3 Protection of ring main feeders
4 300, 600and 900 connection in directional relays

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO : 09

AIM :- TO STUDY AND PLOT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF

IMPEDANCE RELAY ( ABB-RAKZB)

APPARATUS :-

1) 3 Phase AC Autotransformer
2) Voltmeter (0-150 V)
3) Ammeter(0- 2 Amp)
4) Rheostat ( 300 ohm , 1.7 Amp)
5) 3 Phase Impedance Relay
6) Phase shifting Transformer
7) 1 Phase Variac / DIMMERSTAT
8) Auxiliary DC Supply

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

+ -
1 18

3 PH Ru
440V 3PH IMPEDANCE
50 HZ, DIMMERSTAT O/P V (0-75V) RELAY
Su
AC
SUPPLY
Tu

S1 S1

(0-2A)

1000 ohm,1.7A
R
3 PH R PHASE
440V SHIFTING
50 HZ, Y TRANSFORMER O/P
AC B
SUPPLY N
N

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

THEORY :
1) Explain Unit and non unit protection with examples
2) Explain characteristics of different distances relay on R-X diagram
3) Explain static impedance relay with amplitude and phase comparator.
4) Advantages of static relay over electromechanical relay.

PROCEDURE :

1) Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

2) Keep the rheostat in the middle position.
3) Switch on the supply to the phase shifter and also the DC supply.
4) Now reduce the voltage of the autotransformer, note the voltages at
which the relay operates.
5) Change the position of phase shifter & repeat the steps 4,5,6.
6) After taking no of readings change the value of current and repeat
the above steps.
7) Note down the pickup impedance value of the relay.
8) Plot the operating and non-operating region of relay on R-X plane.

NOTE :- The output voltage of phase shifter is set at 110V and the voltage
output from the auto transformer is also 100 V maximum
permissible value .

OBSERVATION TABLE:

For A=20, B=6, Ia= 01 Amp

Sr No. Phase Angle( ) Voltage ( V)

1) 0 degree
2) 30 degree
3) 60 degree
4) 90 degree
5) 120 degree
6) 150 degree
7) :
8) :
9) 360 degree
10) 0 degree

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

Same table for A =40, B= 8, Ia =0.5 Amp

Sr. I (Amp) Voltage (V) volts

/ No.
1 0.1
2 0.2
3 0.3
4 0.4
5 0.5
6 0.6
7 0.7
8 0.8
9 0.9
10 1.0

RESULT :-
The relay operates for any value of the radius less than the radius of
the circle, hence the operating region of the relay inside the
circle.

Viva Questions:

1 Torque equation of Reactance and mho relay with their characteristics.

2 Effect of arc resistance in distance relay
3 Selection of distance relay.
4 Effect of power swing in distance relay

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO : 10
AIM :- TO STUDY TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

APPARATUS :-

1) Static Differential Relay (Model No. ACDF 31 HA)

2) 1 Ph Dimmerstat 230V, 10 A
3) 2 CT (10/ 5A and 20/5A)
4) Ammeter AC (0- 15 A) 3 No.
5) Ammeter AC (0- 5 A) 2 No.
6) Rheostat (38 ohm, 8.5 A)
7) Loading Rheostat
8) Multimeter
9) 1 ph Transformer 230/115 V, 50 Hz, 1 KVA
10) Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

(0-15A)
38ohm, 8.5A
A

(0-20A) (0-15A)

A M M A
L
L
(0-5A) L
O
1PH
230
A A
D
(0-5A) A
50 HZ
A.C.
SUPP
LY

27

28

+15 - 16
110V DC

THEORY: -

1. Differential protection theory

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 26

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

2. 1ph and 3 ph Transformer differential protection scheme

3. Difference between Transformer and generator Differential
protection.

PROCEDURE: -

1) Make circuit connection as shown in ckt. Diagram.

2) Open the parallel path of secondary transformer containg rheostat with
ammeter. Transformer is connected now at full load condition.
3) With the help of dimmerstat, give some supply voltage to primary side
of transformer and observe its current. Make sure secondary current is
varying in proportion to turn ratio. And current through secondary side
of two CTs are zero.
4) Now connect the parallel path of secondary transformer by touching
wire to the secondary terminal of transformer and observe the current
through secondary side of two CTs. There is a difference of two CTs
currents and at this condition differential relay will trip.
5) Note down values of these currents through secondary side of two CTs
6) Plot the characteristics between summation and difference of these two
currents.
OBSERVATION

Sr. Secondary Secondary Restraining Operating

No. current of CT= current of CT= Torque= Torque=
i1(A) i2(A) (i1(A) + i2(A))/2 i1(A) - i2(A)
1
2
.
5

RESULT- Transformer differential relay is studied. The characteristics between

restraining and operating torque are straight line.
Viva question:

1 Why ratio of two Cts is different?

2 Circuit connection of 3 phase Y transformer
3 Explain biased differential relay
4 Types of fault occur in transformer
5 No. of CTs require and their connection for protection of 3 phase
transformer

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

EXPERIMENT NO : 11

AIM- To study unrestricted earth fault relays.

APPARATUS- 1) Static IDMT earth fault relays ( Model No. APR 41 )

2) Rheostat ( 100 ohm, 5 A).3 Nos.
3) Ammeter AC ( 0- 5A).3 Nos.
4) Ammeter AC ( 0- 1A)
5) Experimental kit
6) Aux. DC supply- 110 V DC
7) Timer
8) 3 ph Dimmerstat
9) Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
(0-5A)
R 3
P A
H
3 - PH
AC 100ohm,5A
D (0-5A)
I
Y A
M
M
SUPPLY 100ohm,5A 100ohm,5A
E
440V, R
50 HZ (0-5A)
B S
T A
A
N T

I/P O/P

ON OFF

T
3 I
STOP M START
E
4 R

1 ph
supply
110V DC
11 12
+ -

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 28

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

THEORY- 1) Unrestricted and restricted earth fault relays with ckt

connection
2) Their application.

PROCEDURE- 1) Connect the circuit as shown in figure.

2) Set current and time setting of relays as per requirement
2) Give 3 ph. Supply to stat connected rheostat (load)
3) balance the load by making all three phase currents equal
in magnitude.
4) Create a fault by short circuiting some of the winding of a
single phase load.
5) Note down fault current and take corresponding time for
tripping relay by resetting relay and timer by switching
off without disturbing dimmerstat position.
6) Repeat same procedure with different fault current and
plot characteristics between PSM and operating
time

OBSERVATION TABLE: Relay current Setting -

TMS -

Sr. No. Fault Current (A) Timer time( Sec)

RESULT: The unrestricted earth fault relay is studied

Viva question:

1 Application of earth fault relay.

2 Importance of high impedance connected between neutral to ground
3 Difference between setting of earth fault and phase fault relays

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 29

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VIIIth SEM B.E.

G.H.RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR 30