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Switchgear and Protection Lab Index Sr. No. Name of Experiment No
Switchgear and Protection Lab Index Sr. No. Name of Experiment No
Switchgear and Protection Lab Index Sr. No. Name of Experiment No
INDEX
EXPERIMENT NO.1
APPARATUS: -
1) Timer
2) Static definite O/C relay (Model ACTU 32 P)
3) Auxiliary D.C. supply = 110V
4) 1 phase variac =230V, 4A
5) Ammeter AC (0-5A) and (0-1/2 A)
6) Rheostat (100 ohm, 5Amp)
7) Experiment Kit
8) Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRANM:
(0-5A) OFF
36 OHM, 8.5A
ON
A
START 230V
STOP 1-PH
TIMER SUPPLY
1PH 5
230V 3
50 HZ
SUPPLY
6 4
11 110V 12
+ DC -
THEORY:
1. Principle and operation of static definite time over current relay, time
current charact. equation.
2. Block diagram of static over current relay.
PROCEDURE: -
1) Connect the ckt as shown in fig procedure is done & time is noted.
2) Set current and time setting of relays as per requirement
3) Connect Auxiliary D.C. Supply (110) to pin 11 & 12 of relay and pin no.
3&4 to the time interval meter.
4) Switch on the D.C. supply & make sure that relay is on Glowing of LED
on the front panel of the relay.
5) Switch on power supply from dimmer as well as to time interval meter.
6) Adjust the current setting of the relay.
7) Adjust the time setting of relay.
8) Now by making DPDT switch on, increase the value of current by
dimmer stat up to the point at which the relay trip. Trip can be observed
by glowing of trip LED on front panel of relay.
9) Switch is made off and relay is reset.
10) Now Switch is made on & time interval meter reading is noted.
11) For the same current setting , time setting is changed & same procedure
is repeated until all the time setting are covered.
12) Again current setting is changed & same PROCEDURE IS REPEATED.
OBSERVATION TABLE: -
Sr. Relay set time Set phase trip Timer Set phase tri[p Timer
No. in sec =100% time =180 % time
Ammeter Ammeter
reading reading
1.
2.
3.
4.
CHARACTERISTICS TABLE: -
2
.
.
.
10
RESULT & CONCLUSION: -
The operation of definite time O/C relay is studied in this experiment. The
reading is obtained for various time settings as well as current setting. It was
found that for various time delay observed for peak up values of current is
same.
Viva Question
1 Application of DTOC relay.
2 Draw back of DTOC relay
3 Importance of DC supply
4 Detail of other O/C relays
5 Use of timer
EXPERIMENT NO.2
AIM: -
TO PLOT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE POLE OVER
CURRENT OR EARTH FAULT USING STATIC I.D.M.T. RELAYS
APPARATUS: -
1) Timer
2) IDMT relay (Model APR-11 P)
3) Auxiliary D.C. supplies = 110V
4) 1 phase Dimmer stat = 230V, 10A
6) Ammeter AC (0-15A)
7) Rheostat (38 ohm, 8.5 Amp)
8) Experiment Kit
9) Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
(0-15A) OFF
36 OHM, 8.5A ON
A
START 230
TIMER 1-P
STOP SUPP
1PH 5
230V 3
50 HZ
SUPPLY
6 4
11 110V 12
+ DC -
THEORY: -
PROCEDURE: -
OPERATION: -
With supply on load are continuously monitored Electronic comparator checks this
value with set value (N) of phase & earth fault trip, which can be adjusted on front
plate. Pick up response is (1.1 N) IDMT timing is applicable to over current above
2N as per chosen curve. Time setting multiplier for actual tripping time delay. TMS
is adjusted by 11-position switch & with variable preset pot. These pots adjusted
time for intermediate values indicated on TMS switch. Tripping cause is indicated
by LED lamp (OC/EF). When over current trips the circuit relay NO contact
changes to NC when relay trips indicating LED to NC when relay trip indicating
LED to NC when relay trips indicating LED to NC when relay trip indicating
LED flag will remain ON till manually reset.
OBSERVATION
Sr. Fault current PSM Timer time for Timer time for Timer time for
No. (A) TSM = TSM= TSM=
1
2
.
.
10
RESULT:
For lower values of current the time current characteristics are inverse and for
higher value of current, time observed is constant.
Viva Question
1 Application of IDMT relay.
2 Draw back of IDMT relay
3 Importance of DC supply
4 Detail of other Inverse type of relays
5 Importance of static relays
6 Why IDMT relay suitable for protection of long length of LV/MV TL.
EXPERIMENT NO.3
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
OFF
300 OHM,1.7A
ON
T
I
START M
STOP E
9
R
1-PH (0-300V)
230V, 3
50HZ,
v
SUPPLY 10 4
110V
11 DC 12
STATIC OVER VOLTAGE RELAY + -
THEORY: -
PROCEDURE:-
OBSERVATION TABLE: -
Viva Question
1 Application of over and under voltage relay.
2 Draw back of electromagnetic as compare to static relays relay
3 Importance of DC supply
4 Range of under voltage relay
EXPERIMENT NO.4
APPARATUS: -
1) Timer
2) IDMT relay (MODEL NO.ICM-21NP))
3) Auxiliary D.C. supplies = 110V
4) 1 phase Dimmer stat = 230V, 10A
5) Ammeter AC (0-15A)
6) Rheostat (38 ohm, 8.5 Amp)
7) Experiment Kit
8) Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
OFF
(38 ohm,8.5A)
ON
A
START
(0-10A) 230V
T
230V S I 1-PH
1 5 T 50HZ
50HZ, M
O E SUPPLY
1-PH 6 P R
SUPPLY
2
+3 110V -4
DC
THEORY: -
PROCEDURE: -
Sr. Fault current (A) PSM Timer time For Timer time Timer time
No. TSM = For TSM= For TSM=
1
2
.
.
.
10
RESULT:
For lower values of current the time current characteristics are inverse and for
higher value for current observed times are constant.
Viva Question
1 Pickup, PSM and TSM
2 Draw back of IDMT relay
3 Derivation of Torque equation in detail
4 Detail of other Inverse type of relays
5 Why IDMT relay suitable for protection of long length of LV/MV TL.
6 Reset time and trip time
7 Why characteristics is plotted between PSM and operating time?
EXPERIMENT NO.5
APPARATUS: -
1) Timer
2) Static definite time reverse power relay (Model APDR 21)
3) Auxiliary D.C. supply = 110V
4) 3 phase variac =440V, 50 Hz, 8A
5) 1 phase variac =230V, 4A
6) Ammeter AC (0-1A) AC
7) Rheostat (300 ohm, 1.7Amp)
8) Phase shifting transformer
9) Voltmeter (0-300V) AC
10) Experiment Kit
11) Connecting wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
(0-2A)
R
CT
P 7 8
H
A
3 PH R R
440V S
AC E
SUPPLY R
S
H E
L
I A
Y F Y
T START
I
N (0-300V)
Y
G
V 11
T
T 3
R 1 PH
I
A S M 1 PH
VARIAC
N T 230V,
B 270V, PT E
F 4A O 50HZ, AC
O P R SUPPLY
R
B M
E
R 12 4
N N N
THEORY:
OPERATION: -
Solid static state voltage and current sensing circuits measure the
instantaneous voltage and current value in scales down format .The algorithmic
circuit does the multiplication of the derived data. The output of this circuit remains
positive as the moment when power reversal occurs, output of the circuits changes
again. It is noted as pick up point and thus indicated by pick up LED. This also
triggers the internal timer cit. This timer is adjustable by 11 positive switches. It has
very high repeat accuracy. (Better than class 17) After the end of set timing and if
power conduction are still reverse.
PROCEDURE: -
OBSERVATION TABLE: -
RESULT:
The operation of definite time reverse power relay is studied and triggering zone is
plotted in the graph paper.
Viva Question
1 Application of Reverse power relay
2 Types of relays used and its setting for protection of ring main feeders
3 Comparison of other directional relays and reverse power relays
EXPERIMENT NO: - 06
A) TO STUDY THE MAGNETISATION CHARACTERISTICS OF
C.T.
B) TO STUDY THE PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH C.T.
MAGNETISATION.
APPARATUS:-
1) Current transformer ( CT ) 5/1 Amp
2) Ammeter :- ( 0-10 A)
3) Multimeter
4) Rheostat ( 38 ohm , 1.7 amp )
5) 1 phase Dimmerstate.
THEORY:-
Plot the excitation curve and explain
(i) From origin to ankle point
(ii) From ankle pt. to knee
(iii) Knee region
(iv) Saturation region
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
(O-1A)
300ohm,1.7A
A
230V
50HZ, (0-75V) O.
1PH, V
OR C.
SUPPLY MULTIMETER
1:5 A
CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
PROCEDURE:-
(4) Again increase the value of current and note down voltage.
(5) Similar procedure is done and current is increased till the
saturation of C.T.
(6) Draw graph of current Vs voltage.
CONCLUSION :-
Magnetization curve of C.T. is studied. Ankle point, knee
point and saturation is observed.
Viva Question
1 Difference between protective CTs and measuring CTS
2 Why CT get saturate in differential protective scheme during external fault
3 Use of CTs in protection of any equipment
4 No. of CTs require for protection of transformer and generator and their
connection.
EXPERIMENT NO :- 07
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-
(0-15A)
38 ohm,8.5A FUSE
A
1PH
230V L
50HZ, O
A
SUPPLY D
DIMMERSTATE
1PH
230V,8A
PROCEDURE: -
1) Make the connections as shown in Fig.
OBSERVATION:
Viva Question
1 Application of fuse wire
2 comparisons of fuse and circuit breaker
3 Types of fuses and their application
4 types of fuse require for protection of transformer, generator and induction
motor
EXPERIEMNT NO:- 08
AIM :- TO STUDY DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT RELAY ( ACDR 11
HPD)
APPARATUS :-
1) ASHIDA make single pole directional O/C relay ACDR 11 HPD
2) Phase shifting transformer
3) Dimmerstat ( 3 phase , 440 volt, 50 Hz )
4) Ammeter (0-1 Amp)
5) Rheostate ( 300 ohm , 1.7 Amp)
6) Dimmerstat ( 1 phase , 230 volt, 4 Amp)
7) DC Power Supply ( 110 Volt )
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
110V
(0-2A) + DC -
1000ohm,1.2A
A
R
3-PH
440V 15
16
R R
50 HZ
AC 3-PH
SUPPLY SHIFTING
11
TRANSFO
Y RMER 7
CT PT
Y
B
12
8
B
N 3 4
N
TIMER
TO TRIP
CIRCUIT
THEORY : -
1. Directional O/C relay
2. Directional relay connection
OPERATION-
PROCEDURE:-
OBSERRVATION TABLE :
RESULT:- The static directional relay is studied and graph for different
maximum torque setting is drawn.
Viva Question
1 Application of Directional over current relay
2 Derivation of max. torque angle in directional O/C relay
3 Protection of ring main feeders
4 300, 600and 900 connection in directional relays
EXPERIMENT NO : 09
APPARATUS :-
1) 3 Phase AC Autotransformer
2) Voltmeter (0-150 V)
3) Ammeter(0- 2 Amp)
4) Rheostat ( 300 ohm , 1.7 Amp)
5) 3 Phase Impedance Relay
6) Phase shifting Transformer
7) 1 Phase Variac / DIMMERSTAT
8) Auxiliary DC Supply
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
+ -
1 18
3 PH Ru
440V 3PH IMPEDANCE
50 HZ, DIMMERSTAT O/P V (0-75V) RELAY
Su
AC
SUPPLY
Tu
S1 S1
(0-2A)
1000 ohm,1.7A
R
3 PH R PHASE
440V SHIFTING
50 HZ, Y TRANSFORMER O/P
AC B
SUPPLY N
N
THEORY :
1) Explain Unit and non unit protection with examples
2) Explain characteristics of different distances relay on R-X diagram
3) Explain static impedance relay with amplitude and phase comparator.
4) Advantages of static relay over electromechanical relay.
PROCEDURE :
NOTE :- The output voltage of phase shifter is set at 110V and the voltage
output from the auto transformer is also 100 V maximum
permissible value .
OBSERVATION TABLE:
RESULT :-
The relay operates for any value of the radius less than the radius of
the circle, hence the operating region of the relay inside the
circle.
Viva Questions:
EXPERIMENT NO : 10
AIM :- TO STUDY TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
APPARATUS :-
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
(0-15A)
38ohm, 8.5A
A
(0-20A) (0-15A)
A M M A
L
L
(0-5A) L
O
1PH
230
A A
D
(0-5A) A
50 HZ
A.C.
SUPP
LY
27
28
+15 - 16
110V DC
THEORY: -
PROCEDURE: -
EXPERIMENT NO : 11
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
(0-5A)
R 3
P A
H
3 - PH
AC 100ohm,5A
D (0-5A)
I
Y A
M
M
SUPPLY 100ohm,5A 100ohm,5A
E
440V, R
50 HZ (0-5A)
B S
T A
A
N T
I/P O/P
ON OFF
T
3 I
STOP M START
E
4 R
1 ph
supply
110V DC
11 12
+ -
Viva question: