Lampiran A Data Literatur: Principles

LAMPIRAN A
DATA LITERATUR
A.1 Data Densitas Air Cair

Tabel A.1.1 Data Literatur Densitas dan Kapasitas Panas Air
ρ Cp
T(°C) T (K)
(kg/m^3) (kJ/kg.K)
33 306 994,706 4,1807
34 307 994,374 4,1807
35 308 994,034 4,1808
36 309 993,687 4,1808
37 310 993,316 4,1809
38 311 992,968 4,1809
39 312 992,593 4,18095
40 313 992,218 4,1810
41 314 991,833 4,1812
43 316 991,038 4,1816
51 324 987,584 4,1834
52 325 987,122 4,1838
53 326 986,654 4,1842
54 327 986,179 4,1846
55 328 985,698 4,1850
57 330 984,718 4,1858
60 333 983,202 4,1870
61 334 982,685 4,1875
62 335 982,161 4,1880
63 336 981,633 4,1885
64 337 981,098 4,1890
65 338 980,8162 4,1895
66 339 980,6093 4,1900
69 342 979,2028 4,1915
70 343 977,81 4,1920
71 344 977,8096 4,1925
72 345 977,7435 4,1930
73 346 977,2669 4,1935
74 347 976,7889 4,1940
75 348 976,3096 4,1945
Sumber : C. J. Geankoplis Transport Processes and Separation Process

Principles
LAMPIRAN B
DATA PERCOBAAN
B.1. Data Percobaan

B.1.1. Data Spesifikasi Alat Penukar Kalor
1. Diameter Tube : 1,27 Cm
2. Panjang Tube : 58 Cm
3. Jumlah Tube : 16 Cm
4. Diameter Tube : 17 Cm
B.1.2. Data Kalibrasi

Tabel B.1.2.1 Data Kalibrasi Cold Water
Waktu (s)
Cold water flow rate t1 t2 trata-rata
(Lpm)
6 55 54 54,5
9 57 58 57,5
12 59 61 60
Tabel B.1.2.2 Data Kalibrasi Hot Water
Waktu (s)
Hot water flow rate t1 t2 trata-rata
(Lpm)
6 59 61 60
9 66 67 66,5
12 67 69 68
B.1.3. Data Percobaan pada suhu 52 °C pada Co-Current
B.1.3.1. Hot Water Flow-Rate 6 LPM & Cold Water Flow-Rate 9 LPM
B.1.3.1. Tabel Data Hot Water Flow-Rate 6 LPM & Cold Water Flow-Rate 9
LPM
Water
Hot Water Hot Water Cold Water Cold Water
No. t (min) Temperatur
in (°C) out (°C) in (°C) out (°C)
(°C)
1 0 54 52 43 45 52
2 2 54 52 41 42 52
3 4 54 51 40 42 52
4 6 53 50 40 41 51
5 8 53 50 40 41 51
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 54 51 42 44 52
2 2 54 51 40 42 52
3 4 54 50 40 43 52
4 6 53 50 40 42 51
5 8 53 50 40 42 51
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 54 51 41 43 52
2 2 54 51 40 43 52
3 4 53 51 40 42 51
4 6 53 50 41 43 51
5 8 53 50 41 43 51
B.1.4. Data Percobaan pada suhu 52 °C pada Counter-Current
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 54 52 41 45 52
2 2 54 52 41 45 52
3 4 53 51 40 44 51
4 6 52 50 40 44 50
5 8 52 50 40 44 50
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 54 51 39 42 52
2 2 53 50 39 43 51
3 4 53 50 39 44 51
4 6 52 49 39 44 50
5 8 52 49 39 44 50
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 54 52 39 45 52
2 2 54 52 39 45 52
3 4 53 52 39 44 51
4 6 52 51 38 44 50
5 8 52 51 38 44 50
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 63 57 40 43 62
2 2 62 57 41 44 60
3 4 62 57 41 44 60
4 6 61 57 41 44 59
5 8 61 57 41 44 59
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 63 56 41 44 62
2 2 62 56 41 44 60
3 4 59 56 41 45 57
4 6 58 56 42 45 57
5 8 58 56 42 45 57
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 60 57 41 44 62
2 2 60 57 41 44 59
3 4 59 57 42 45 58
4 6 59 56 42 46 57
5 8 59 56 42 46 57
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 64 62 41 46 62
2 2 62 60 40 45 60
3 4 61 59 40 45 59
4 6 60 58 40 45 58
5 8 60 58 40 45 58
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 64 61 39 44 62
2 2 63 60 39 45 61
3 4 62 59 39 45 60
4 6 62 59 39 45 60
5 8 62 59 39 45 60
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 64 63 39 46 62
2 2 63 62 39 45 61
3 4 62 61 39 45 60
4 6 61 60 38 45 59
5 8 61 60 38 45 59
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 74 68 38 44 72
2 2 72 69 39 45 70
3 4 70 67 41 45 68
4 6 70 68 42 46 68
5 8 70 68 43 46 68
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 74 68 37 45 72
2 2 72 68 38 46 71
3 4 71 69 40 46 70
4 6 71 69 41 47 69
5 8 71 69 41 47 69
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 74 70 42 46 72
2 2 72 69 42 46 70
3 4 72 69 42 49 70
4 6 70 67 42 49 68
5 8 70 67 42 49 68
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 74 72 41 47 72
2 2 73 71 39 45 71
3 4 71 69 39 45 69
4 6 70 68 39 45 68
5 8 70 68 39 44 68
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 74 70 41 48 72
2 2 73 69 40 47 71
3 4 72 68 39 46 70
4 6 71 68 39 45 69
5 8 71 68 39 45 69
LPM
Water
(°C)
1 0 74 72 40 48 72
2 2 72 71 39 47 71
3 4 70 69 39 47 68
4 6 68 67 38 46 66
5 8 68 67 38 46 66
LAMPIRAN C
PERHITUNGAN ANTARA
C.1. Perhitungan LMTD, Qcw,Qhw,Ucw,Uhw, ε

C.1.1. Percobaan Suhu 52 °C pada aliran searah
C.1.1. Tabel Perhitungan pada LMTD, Qcw,Qhw,Ucw,Uhw, ε suhu 52 °C
aliran searah
mhw mcw Qcw Qhw

LMTD (Watt) Ucw Uhw ε
(L/min) (L/min) (Watt)
8,850 1243,237 825,353 379,609 252,013 0,274

6 9 11,434 622,058 825,353 147,005 195,048 0,116
11,316 1244,539 1238,029 297,177 295,623 0,215
10,878 622,270 1238,507 154,582 307,666 0,116
10,878 622,270 1238,507 154,582 307,666 0,116
9,276 829,118 1238,029 241,519 360,633 0,167
6 6 11,316 829,693 1238,029 198,118 295,623 0,144

10,099 1244,539 1650,706 333,008 441,688 0,215
10,298 829,693 1238,507 217,702 324,970 0,155
10,298 829,693 1238,507 217,702 324,970 0,155
10,298 829,410 1857,044 217,628 487,267 0,344
10,722 1244,539 1857,044 313,665 468,036 0,320
9 6
10,878 829,693 1238,507 206,110 307,666 0,230
9,276 829,410 1857,761 241,604 541,158 0,373
9,276 829,410 1857,761 241,604 541,158 0,373
C.1.2. Percobaan Suhu 52 °C pada aliran berlawanan arah
C.1.2. Tabel Perhitungan pada LMTD, Qcw,Qhw,Ucw,Uhw, ε suhu 52 °C
aliran berlawanan arah
mhw mcw Qcw Qhw

LMTD (Watt) Ucw Uhw ε
(L/min) (L/min) (Watt)
28,954 3732,347 819,331 327,841 71,968 0,276
29,956 3734,984 819,634 317,104 69,588 0,268
6 9
27,952 3734,984 819,893 339,829 74,598 0,285
26,951 3734,984 819,796 352,461 77,362 0,294
27,473 3112,486 819,796 288,135 75,892 0,245
27,473 2902,936 1638,661 268,736 151,697 0,215
27,473 2903,924 1639,267 268,827 151,753 0,215
6 6
27,473 2904,987 1639,871 268,926 151,809 0,215
27,473 2489,989 1229,840 230,508 113,851 0,190
27,473 2489,989 1229,840 230,508 113,851 0,190
28,896 3317,483 1228,996 291,9825 108,168 0,087
9 6 28,356 3319,985 614,952 297,7685 55,155 0,045

26,345 3319,985 614,847 320,4974 59,355 0,048
25,339 3319,985 615,871 333,2234 61,814 0,049
25,339 3319,985 615,871 333,2234 61,814 0,049
LAMPIRAN D
CONTOH PERHITUNGAN
D.1 Menghitung Log Mean Temperature District (LMTD)
 Pada suhu 52oC dengan aliran searah (Co-Current)

Laju alir panas 2 LPM dan Laju alir dingin 3 LPM
(𝑇1 – 𝑡2)−(𝑇2−𝑡1)
LMTD = 𝑇1−𝑡2
ln𝑇2−𝑡1
(54−43)−(52 −45)
= (54−43)
ln(52−45)
= 8,850 K
 Pada suhu 52oC dengan aliran berlawanan arah (Counter-Current)

Laju alir panas 2 LPM dan Laju alir dingin 3 LPM
(𝑇1 – 𝑡1)−(𝑇2−𝑡2)
LMTD = 𝑇1−𝑡1
ln𝑇2−𝑡2
(−)−( −)
= (−)
ln( − )
= K
D.2 Menghitung Massa Laju Alir Air
Laju alir air panas 2 LPM dan laju alir air dingin 3 LPM pada suhu 52ᵒC
aliran searah (Co-Current)
mhw = ρ×v
𝑘𝑔 1 𝑚3 1 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑚3
= 986,179 𝑚3 ×1000 𝑑𝑚3 x × 2𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
60 𝑠
𝑘𝑔
= 0,03287 𝑠
mcw = ρ×v
𝑘𝑔 1 𝑚3 1 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑚3
= 991,038 𝑚3 ×1000 𝑑𝑚3 x × 3𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
60 𝑠
𝑘𝑔
= 0.04955 𝑠
D.3 Menghitung Luas Penampang STHE

Atube = 2 π r× L × n
= 2 ×3,14 ×(0,00635)m × 0,58m × 16
= 0,370 m2
D.4 Menghitung ∆𝐓cw

Pada suhu 55oC dengan aliran searah (Co-Current) Laju alir panas
4 LPM dan Laju alir dingin 2 LPM
∆Tcw = T1-T2
= (45-43)
=2K
∆Thw = T1-T2
= (54-52)
=2K
D.5 Menghitung Z dan Y

Z = (Thwin - Thwout) / (Tcwout – Tcwin)
= (54-52) / (45-43)
=1
Y = (Tcwout – Tcwin) / (Thwin - Tcwin )

= (45-43) / (54-43)
= 0,18
D.6 Menghitung ∆𝐓𝐦

ΔTm = FT × LMTD
= 1 × 8,850
= 8,850 K
D.7 Menghitung Daya Termal

Pada suhu 52oC dengan aliran Searah (Co-Current) Laju alir panas
𝑄 𝑐𝑤 = 𝑀𝑐𝑤 𝑥 𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑥 ∆𝑇𝑐𝑤

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑗
=0,1486 𝑥 4,1816 𝑥2K
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
= 1,243 𝑠
𝑗
= 1243 𝑠
𝑄 ℎ𝑤 = 𝑀ℎ𝑤 𝑥 𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑥 ∆𝑇ℎ𝑤

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑗
= 0,09861 𝑥 4,1846 𝑥2K
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
= 0,82528 𝑠
𝑗
= 825,28 𝑠
D.8 Mengitung Koefisien Pertukaran panas

𝑄 𝑐𝑤
Ucw =
𝐴𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑋 ∆𝑇𝑚
𝑗
1243
𝑠
=
0,370 𝑚2 𝑥 8,850𝐾
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡
= 379,59
𝑚2.𝐾
D.9 Mengitung Efektivitas Pertukaran Kalor

Dengan keadaan Cc > Ch
ᵋ =
𝐶𝐻 𝑥 (𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑡−𝑇𝑐𝑖𝑛)
𝐶𝐶 𝑥 (𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑛−𝑇𝑐𝑖𝑛)
𝑘𝑗
0,41267 𝑠 𝑥 (54−52)
= 𝑘𝑗
0,6216 𝑠 𝑥 (45−43)
= 0,2738
LAMPIRAN E
GRAFIK
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
ε
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)
600
500
400
Ucw
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
Qcw
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)
11
10.8
10.6
10.4
10.2
LMTD
10
9.8
9.6
9.4
9.2
9
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
ε
0.2
0.1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)
720
700
680
Ucw (Kj/Kg.K)
660
640
620
600
580
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)
3
2.5
2
Qcw (KWatt)
1.5
0.5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)
10.400
10.200
10.000
9.800
9.600
∆TLM
9.400
9.200
9.000
8.800
8.600
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laju Alir (LPM)

Lampiran A Data Literatur: Principles

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Lampiran A Data Literatur: Principles

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LAMPIRAN A

A.1 Data Densitas Air Cair

Sumber : C. J. Geankoplis Transport Processes and Separation Process

B.1. Data Percobaan

B.1.2. Data Kalibrasi

Tabel B.1.2.2 Data Kalibrasi Hot Water

C.1. Perhitungan LMTD, Qcw,Qhw,Ucw,Uhw, ε

mhw mcw Qcw Qhw

8,850 1243,237 825,353 379,609 252,013 0,274

6 6 11,316 829,693 1238,029 198,118 295,623 0,144

mhw mcw Qcw Qhw

9 6 28,356 3319,985 614,952 297,7685 55,155 0,045

D.1 Menghitung Log Mean Temperature District (LMTD)

 Pada suhu 52oC dengan aliran searah (Co-Current)

 Pada suhu 52oC dengan aliran berlawanan arah (Counter-Current)

D.2 Menghitung Massa Laju Alir Air

D.3 Menghitung Luas Penampang STHE

D.4 Menghitung ∆𝐓cw

D.5 Menghitung Z dan Y

Z = (Thwin - Thwout) / (Tcwout – Tcwin)

Y = (Tcwout – Tcwin) / (Thwin - Tcwin )

D.6 Menghitung ∆𝐓𝐦

D.7 Menghitung Daya Termal

𝑄 𝑐𝑤 = 𝑀𝑐𝑤 𝑥 𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑥 ∆𝑇𝑐𝑤

𝑄 ℎ𝑤 = 𝑀ℎ𝑤 𝑥 𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑥 ∆𝑇ℎ𝑤

D.8 Mengitung Koefisien Pertukaran panas

D.9 Mengitung Efektivitas Pertukaran Kalor

Dengan keadaan Cc > Ch

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