SAMEER GUPTA

Transmission Line

Def. – A transmission line basically consists of 2 or more

parallel conductors used to connect a source to a load.

What is a transmission line?

•Uniform transmission line is one which has its electrical
parameters remaining constant along its length of the line.
•In which voltage to current ratio does not vary with distance
if the line is terminated in its characteristics impedance.
•Electrical parameters of lines are R-L-C-G (Resistance-
Inductance-Capacitance-Conductance).
•These parameters are defined per unit length of the conductor
and are called Primary constants of the line.
Uses of Transmission lines:-
•To transfer the energy or signal or power from the
transmitter to the receiver.
•It acts as communication media.
•In most cases, transmission lines are metallic
conductors.
•Few e.g. of Transmission lines are:-
 Parallel wires
Twisted pair wires
Ribbon type
Co-axial cables
Micro-strip lines
Wave guides
REASONS FOR AC GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

Due to ease of transformation of voltage levels and rough collector

cage motors, ALTERNATING CURRENT is universally utilised.
Both for GENERATION and LOADS and hence for
TRANSMISSION.
Generators are at distant places, away from the populated areas i.e.
the load centers
They are either PIT HEAD THERMAL or HYDEL
Turbines drive synchronous generators giving an output at 15-25
kV.
To reach the loads at homes/industry at required safe levels,
transformers step down voltage.
COMPARISION OF HVAC & HVDC SYSTEMS

– CONVENTIONALLY POWER TRANSMISSION IS EFFECTED THROUGH HVAC

SYSTEMS ALL OVER THE WORLD.

– HVAC TRANSMISSION IS HAVING SEVER LIMITATIONS LIKE LINE LENGTH ,

UNCONTROLLED POWER FLOW, OVER/LOW VOLTAGES DURING LIGHTLY /
OVER LOADED CONDITIONS,STABILITY PROBLEMS,FAULT ISOLATION ETC

– CONSIDERING THE DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC SYSTEM AND THE ADVANTAGES

OF HVDC TRANSMISSION , POWERGRID HAS CHOOSEN HVDC TRANSMISSION
FOR TRANSFERRING 2000 MW FROM ER TO SR
ADVANTAGES OF HVDC OVER HVAC
TRANSMISSION
COST: AC vs DC Transmission

Line Cost AC

Line Cost DC

Terminal Cost DC

Terminal Cost AC

Break Even Distance

 HVDC IN INDIA
Back-to-Back
HVDC LINK CONNECTING CAPACITY
REGION (MW)

Vindyachal North – West 2 x 250

Chandrapur West – South 2 x 500
Vizag – I East – South 500
Sasaram East – North 500
Vizag – II East – South 500
 BASIC PRINCIPLES
OF

HVDC TRANSMISSION
 USE OF DC
Direct current is put to use in common life for driving our
portable devices, UPSs, battery systems and vastly in railway
locomotives.

DC AS A MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
This has been possible with beginning of
High power/ high current capability thyristor.
&
Fast acting computerized controls
If DC is required to be used for transmission
&
since our primary source of power is A.C,

The following are three basic steps:-

1. Convert AC into DC (rectifier)
2. Transmit DC
3. Convert DC into AC ( inverter)