Unit B

Important Bits!

Unit B
 Tips

 Who
 What
 Where
 When
 How
 Why

 Maintenance
 Any mechanical based question

Unit B
 Lead / Asbestos

 OEL for Lead

 Lead other than alkyls
 0.15mg/m3 (in atmosphere)

 Alkyls
 0.10mg/m3

 Exposure limit Asbestos

 0.1 fibres per cm3
 All types

Unit B
 CHIP / CLP

 Chemicals (Hazard, Info and Packaging for

Supply) Regs 2009
 CHIP4
 Being progressively replaced by
 EU CLP Regs
 Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures
 CHIP enforcement (local) remains
 Moves towards Globally Harmonised System
 EU Reg – binding in entirety

 CHIP4 Approved Supply List

 ASL
 Repealed and replaced
 Table 3.2 of part 3 of Annex VI - CLP

Unit B
 Chemicals – R/A

 1. ID the hazards
 2. Decide who can be harmed and how
 Suitable and Sufficient R/A
 ID all groups
 3. Evaluate risk and decide precautions
 Likelihood and severity
 4. Record findings and implement
 ERIC P(d)
 D = DISCIPLINE
 Training, rules, instr.
 5. Review as necessary

Unit B
 LEV

 COSHH
 Requirement for testing
 14 months min depends on contaminant
 Jute cloth = monthly

 Components
 Hood
 Ducting
 Filter
 Fan
 outlet

Unit B
 LEV

 Design features
 Hood
 Captor / receptor
 Mobility?
 Ducting
 No corners – straight / gentle curves
 Junctions – curved or angled
 Short as possible
 Resistant to cont.
 Filter
 Capable of dealing with corrosive nature of cont.
 Fan
 Resistant / protected
 High enough power

Unit B
 LEV

 Parameters to measure
 Face velocity
 Hood / inlet
 Overcome momentum to draw in
 Use vane anemometer
 Transport velocity
 Through ducting
 Smoke tubes / hot wire anemometer
 Ensure levels throughout – no settlement
 Pressure differential
 Between filter and fan
 Should be zero – no blockages
 Use of fitted display gauge
 Fan speed
 High enough
 Outlet air quality
 Clean
 Leaks
 Smoke tubes
 Draeger tubes

Unit B
 LEV

 Reports - contents
 Competence
 Relate measurements to WEL’s
 Condition of system
 Contaminants present
 Recommendations

Unit B
 WEL’s

 WATCH
 Working Group on Action To Control Chemicals
 Substances reviewed by WATCH first
 Values recommended to ACTS
 Decision based on scientific judgement of available
info on health effects

 ACTS
 Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances
 Makes recommendation to HSE
 Also influenced by EU IOELV

Element B4
 WEL’s

 WEL
 Derived by using criteria:

 Value set at level at which no adverse effects

expected
 If this value not identifiable, the based on what would
be considered to be good control
 Taking into account severity of hazards and cost and
effectiveness of controls
 WEL should not be set at level where there is
evidence of adverse effects on human health

Element B4
 WEL’S

 TWA -
 8 Hours or 15 mins
 Look out for 15 min / individual tasks – EH40

 COSHH
 Reduce exposure as far below as reasonably
practicable
 If above – investigate and rectify – controls
 Carcinogens – aim to be as far below as RP
 WILL require technical controls

Unit B
 WEL’S

 EH40
 Actions – ERIC(P)D

 Personal monitoring
 Shows peaks / time
 8 hrs
 Known volume of air
 To pump / filter
 Obtain results
 Passive sampling
 Absorb onto sampler / paper
 No peaks – only total

Unit B
 Noise

 CNWR
 > 80 dBA
 Assessment / survey
 Competent persons / equipment
 Frequency / attenuation
 Aim to reduce below 80 dBA

 Reduce
 Not over reduce

Unit B
 Noise

 LEPd
 Personal noise dose meter

 Leq
 Intergrated Sound Level Meter
 TWA
 Use with octave band analyser

 Human range
 20Hz to 20kHz

Unit B
 Noise

 + 3 dB = double

 Two sources
 90 + 90 = 93 dBA
 Reduce to ½ = 90
 Reduce to ¼ = 87

 90 + 95
 + 1.5 to louder one = 96.5

 10 dB rule
 Two sources – ignore one 10 lower

Unit B
 Noise

 Technical controls
 Isolation
 Damping / silencers
 Enclosures
 Sound absorbent materials
 Sound barriers

Unit B
 Vibration

 Questions will be
 Effects
 Data – recommendations

 HAVS Hierarchy of Controls

 Avoidance
 Machinery / automation
 Substitute
 Tools – lighter weight, less momentum; lighter grip
 Reduce
 Trigger time
 Rotate tasks
 Maintenance
 Info etc
 Recognise early symptoms
 PPE

Unit B
 Vibration Dose

 Dose =
 Magnitude of vibration and exposure time
 Below action level – risk of harm unlikely

 Dose – over 8 hr period

 Equal vibration energy

 Vibration of given magnitude for given time is equally hazardous
as half magnitude for twice the time.

 HSE
 Ready reckoner to calculate exposures and relative dose

Element B6 / 5
 Whole Body Vibration

 WBV
 Human response depends on resonance of body
 Impinges on all organs
 Vehicle seats, farm vehicles, heavy equip, ships,
planes
 Most common complaint is back pain (lower)
 May also be down to bad posture, bad diet, stress (traffic)
 Rest periods play complex role in overall performance

Element B6 / 5
 Whole Body Vibration

 At Risk Groups
 Drivers of mobile machines
 Tractors, FLT, quarry, earth moving
 Sit or stand on vibrating equipment
 Fast boats, rough seas; compaction, hammering,
punching machines; railway vehicles; helicopters

 Lack of maintenance
 Increases likelihood

Element B6 / 5
 Hand-Arm Vibration

 HAV
 Specific effects of intense vibration to hands and
arms are long term damage to soft tissues, bones,
joints
 Raynauds Phenomenon (Vibration White Finger)
 Form of HAVS – usually hand tools
 Symptoms progressive
 No cure or treatment
 Fingers throb in cold
 Intermittent tingling and numbing
 Continued exposure – “dead finger”, “hot aches”

Element B6 / 5
 Hand-Arm Vibration

 Stockholm Scale
 Classification of HAVS
 Separate grading for each hand

 HAVS
 Most common with low freq vibrations

Element B6 / 5
 Vibration

 Measuring
 Ok to use Manuf Data
 Will always be best case

 Or

 Occ. Hygienist
 Tri – Axyl Accelerometer
 Data to HSE Ready reckoner

Unit B
 Vibration

 R/A
 Frequency of use of tools
 People – competence
 Nature of tool
 Environment conditions
 Cold / damp – VWF
 Pre existing controls

Unit B
 Exposure Action Value

 CVWR

 HAVS
 Daily EAV – 2.5 m/s2 (8hrs)

 WBV
 Daily EAV – 0.5 m/s2 (8hrs)

 Exposure above action value – surveillance, info,

instruct, training

Element B6 / 6
 Exposure Limit Value

 CVWR

 HAVS
 Daily ELV – 5 m/s2 (8hrs)

 WBV
 Daily ELV – 1.15 m/s2 (8hrs)

 Max amount of vibration, must not be exceeded

Element B6 / 6
 Radiation

 Ionising

 Removes an electron
Neutron
 Creates Positive Ion N N
Proton
 If exposed to body –
 Alters cells / DNA
 Birth defects
 Cells multiply Electron
 Cancers
Stable Atom
Equal Protons and Electrons

Unit B
 Radiation

 Ionising

 4 types

 Alpha / Beta
 Particles
 Alpha – slow, heavy; ingestion effects
 Beta – high energy, long range; electrons; skin pervasion
 Gamma / x-ray
 Wavelength
 Electromagnetic
 Lead sheilding

Unit B
 Sources

 Man Made
 Healthcare
 Nuclear industry
 Security equipment
 Smoke detectors
 Baggage inspection
 Medical

Element B7 / 3