EE436

Homework #2
Assigned: March 20, 2014
Due: March 27, 2014 at 17.00 (submit to D-217)

Problem 1.
Binary digits bk {0,1} are transmitted using on-off signaling with rectangular pulses of duration
3T/4 where T is the bit duration. Assume that bk and b j are independent when k j and the
probabilities P(bk 1) 2 / 3 and P(bk 0) 1/ 3 .
a) Obtain and sketch the power spectral density of this line code.
b) Compare the following attributes of this line code with those of polar signaling which
transmits equally likely, independent binary digits using half-width rectangular pulses (i.e.
having width T/2 ) :
i) Transmission bandwidth,
ii) Sensitivity to noise,
iii) Error detection and correction capability,
iv) Timing content (synchronization),
v) Transparency.

Problem 2.
Consider the following line coding scheme. A 0 is transmitted by no pulse and a 1 is transmitted
by a pulse p(t) or - p(t) using the following rule: If a 1 is preceded by a 1 then the polarity is
alternated (i.e. it is encoded by a pulse with opposite polarity as that used for encoding the
preceding 1). If a 1 is preceded by a 0, then it is encoded by a pulse with the same polarity as that
used to encode the latest 1 which occured before the present 1. Consequitive digits of the input
binary sequence are independent and equally likely. A rectangular pulse of width T/2 where T is
the symbol duration is used to transmit p(t).
Sketch the transmitted waveform for a sequence {1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1} assuming that an
initial pulse of + p(t) is transmitted corresponding to the first symbol.
Determine the power spectral density of the transmitted signal. Include terms up to and
including R3, where Rk=E{anan-k} is the autocorrelation of the transmitted sequence.
Comment on the following properties of this line code:
1. Transparency. (Is this line code transparent? Why?)
2. Synchronization. (How can you realize bit synchronization in the receiver using
this line code?)
3. Noise immunity. (How immune is this line code to noise? Compare with polar
signaling.)
Problem 3.
A line code is used to transmit binary sequence of 0’s and 1’s as follows: A binary 0 is
transmitted with no pulse and binary 1 is tranmitted by sending a pulse
p(t ) sin( 2 t / T )rect (t / T )
where T is the bit duration. Binary digits ak are independent and equally likely.
a) Obtain the power spectral density of this line code and sketch it.
b) Obtain/Comment on the following parameters/properties of this line code,
i. Effective bandwidth and spectral efficiency,
ii. Suitability for transmission over ac coupled lines,
iii. Ease of synchronization,
iv. Noise sensitivity compared to polar signaling,
v. Error detection capability,
vi. Transparency with respect to timing extraction.