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Željko Kaluđerović - ANAKSIMENOV AER PDF
Željko Kaluđerović - ANAKSIMENOV AER PDF
JbEIhA
AHAKCHMEHOB AER
Pe3UMe
Ha npsn nomen ce qHHH xao xopax yaasaa sana AHaKcHMeH, HaKOH AHaKcH-
MaH,n:poBor aneupoHa, sa rrpBo6HTHO HaqeJIO rrOCTaBH jezmy TaKO ,,06HqHy" crsap,
778
Mp )KeJbKO Kanyhepoanh: AHAKCI1MEHOB AER
nosuary H3 CBaKO)],HeBHOr MCKycTBa, KaO liITOje Ba3)],yX (arf)(2). )];a rrpsn rrorrren lJeCTO
yMe )],a aapa, Te )],a AHaKCMMeHOB M360p apuxea, HarrpOTHB, rrpencrasn,a aarrpenax y
O)],HOCY rra AHaKCHMaH)],pOBO "HeOrpaHHlJeHO" HalJeJIO, resa je xoja he 6MTH 06pa3ITo-
)J(eHa M6paT-heHa y nacranxy OBOr pana.'
Pa3IT03H KojHMa ce pyKOBO)],HO AHaKCHMeH rrpHITHKOM onatinpa sasnyxa KaO
nanena, MOry 6MTH pa3BpCTaHH y nse rpyrre:
1. Jeznty rpyrry lJHHe Pa3IT03H sa xoje ce MO)J(e pehu )],a MMajy 3HaHCTBeHO nopexno,
nourro npertcraan.ajy KOM6MHau,Mjy sanaxan,a, HCKycTBa M pau,HOHaITHOr rrpo-
MHllIJbalba. OBH Pa3IT03H cy, xacnaje, 6HITH je)],HHH KOjM cy 036HJbHO Y3HMaHH y
pasaarpan,e 0)], crpane MCTOpMlJapa <pHIT030qlHje.
2. )];pyry rpyrry lJHHe Pa3JI03M KOjH cy 6MJIM npoasson He)],OBOJbHO pedinexroaanor
npensnreean,a xoje je AHaKcHMeH fianrranno H3 rrorrrena aa CBeT caora speve-
na,
1 0 AHaKCHMCHOBOM narrperxy y MHillJbClbY nofipo CBCAO'lC HcrrCACUC Xerenose (G. W. F. Hegel) pC'IH:
"OH (AHaKcHMcH, npHM.)K. K.) osaauyjc raxopeha npenas c\JHrr030c\JHjc npHpOAC y c\JHrr03oc\JHjy CBCCTH
ann narryurraa.e npCAMCTHOra nannaa npacynrnnre." r. B. <1>. Xeren, Hcmopuja cPUJlo30qJUje I, bI1I'3,
Bcorpan 1975, CTp. 157.
2 01 'PUrF/HOI cy OBAC y onpcmr ca Eneahanmra (phys.184616), Marra OBO HHjC jCAHHO TaKBO MCCTO rne
cy jOHCKH c\JHrr030~lH, EMilCAOKJIC, Anaxcaropa H aTOMHCTH na jeznroj CTpaHH, a nacynpcr IbHX CTOjC
Enejun H llnraropejna (ITxyc.186a20 HA., 203al3 HA.; Mem.I078619 HA.).
3 ApHCTOTcrr, cPUJUKG, npes. C. Y. Bnarojeanh. I1AI1)..(EI1A, Beorpan 2006, CTp. 18, nap. 187aI2-13.
4 I1CTO.
779
IlE.ll:ArolIlKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOBll Can
a.) JJ:a OHH H.n:eHTII!pHKyjy nonnexehy rsap cajennaa on TpH errexreara (nona, sasnyx
H sarpa), IWH ca He"IHM "H3Mefjy" IhHX.
6.) OHH CBe OCTane CTBapH naaone H3 OBe jemre nonnescehe TBapH arynnsaaarsea H
paapehaearsev.
CrreQH!pHqHO sa zrpyry rpyrry !pHJI030!pa xojy cnovaa,e CTampaHHH je CJIe-
.n:ene:
a.) OHH ormcyjy OHO lliTO nonnezce xao neurro aeonpeheno y qeMy cy CBe onpehene
CTBapH rroreanajanno npncyrne.
6.) CBe OCTane CTBapH rracrajy rtocrynxov H3.n:BajaIha H3 OBe HeH3.n:H!pepeHQHpaHe
MelliaBHHe. Y npyroj rpyrm ce nanase KacHIIjII rrpeCOKpaTOBQII EMrre.n:OKJIe II AHa-
xcaropa, KOjII cy rrocrynnparnt same yspoxa, arm II AHaKCHMaH.n:ap, sa xora ce
CMaTpa ztaje ApIICTOTen 6HO y .n:IIneMH KaKO ztara oxapaxrepaure.
Kaztaje pe-r0 rrpaoj rpyrrn ApIICTOTeJI .n:HpeKTHO HIIje cnosrenyo HHje.n:HO jezmno
lIMe. CeM rese zra OHO lliTOje "rylline on narpe a pelie on sasztyxa" npencraan,a, MO)K.rJ:a,
CTaHOBHlliTe AHaKCIIMaH.n:pa, nocrojn II .n:pyraYJ:HjII IIHTeprrpeTaQIIjcKH rrpncryn, KOjII
rspnazra rrOMeHYTH CTaB norn-re H3 aexor .n:OQHIIjer nepnona.jep OH, y II3BeCHOM CMHCJIy,
nocpenyie H3Mefjy XepaKJIIITa II AHaKCIIMeHa, Taneca H AHaKCIIMeHa IIJIH XepaKJIIITa II
Taneca, OBaKBO MHlliJbeIhe BO.n:II .n:o 'rspmse na aeposatse y "rrocpe.n:Hy" 'rsap nparrana
HeKOM snany AHaKCIIMeHOBe urxone, Moryne HeKOM o.n: rrOCJIe.n:IhIIX CJIe.n:6eHIIKa, KOjII
je IIMao BeJIIIKOr YTHQaja y rrOTOIhIIM BpeMeHHMa. Ho aKO ce, xana je y mrrarsy "HelliTO
H3Mefjy", H MO)f{e 6HTII y He.n:0YMHQII aa xora je ApHCTOTeJI MHCJIHO, xana ce crrouene
nona (Tanec) H sarpa (XepaKJIHT), MHOro je II3BecHHje 0 KOMe ce paan. Heua MHoro
zraneue HH xana ce nasene rpeha eJIeMeHT - saanyx, Pe-r je, napasno, 0 AHaKCIIMeHY.
To CTarHpaHHH, na npyroa Mecry, eKCrrJIIIQIITHO H K~e (Mem.984a5-7):
AHaKCHMeH je cexr lliTO je rrOCTaBHO HOBO HaYJ:eJIO csera, saazryx, 6HO, xao lliTO
je nosrenyro, H rrpsn !pHJI030!p KOjH je roBOpHO 0 sryunsaaarsy H paspehnaarsy. Ty
TBp.n:IhY Teorppacr je nozrarno ojasao y je.n:HOM .n:eJIy csoje "HcTopHje !pHJI030!pHje"
(JJ:K13A5) KOHCTaTaQHjoM zra je AHaKCHMeH 6HO H je.n:HHH KOjII je paspahnaao rro-
MeHyry TeMy. CHMrrJIHKHje y IIxyc.149,32, na rpary ApHCTOTeJIOBOr ayroprrrera,
ncnpaarsa Teorppacra, rosopeha .n:a ce aa HaBe.n:eHOM Mecry (IIxyc.187a15-16) crro-
5 ApllCTOTeJI, Memar/JU3UKa (npea, T. JIa):\aH), JIll6ep, 3arpe6 1985, CTp. II, nap. 984a5-7. OBO je jeznro
0):\ YKYnHo rpa MeCTa y ApllCTOTeJIOBOM xopnycy na KojllMa ce nOMllH.e Aaaxcmrenoao HMe. IloTOH,a
Tpa):\HllHja crora, ):\OCTa 3aBHCH 0):\ Teodipacra xojtt je, npeua .ll:. Jlaeprnjy (B, 42), rranncao nocefiny
MOHorpaljJlljy 0 nOCJIe):\H.eM Mnnehamnty. Kparxa uepanja Teodipacronor npnxaaa canyaanaje nocpert-
CTBOM CHMnJIHKHja (17xyc.24,26; .ll:K13A5). .ll:HoreH ll3 AnOJIOHHje je 6HO eKJIeKTI1'1ap H3 V B. n. H.
e. KO):\ xora je BH):\JbHB yrnuaj EMne):\OKJIa, Anaxcarope, JIeYKHna, xao H AHaKcHMeHa. 0):\ casyaanax
necer ljJparMeHaTa ca 03HaKOM E, sa pasyacaan,e rserose 4JHJI030ljJllje '1HHe ce Haj3aHHMJbHBHjH OHH
non fipojesnva 4 H5 (.ll:K64E4 H.ll:K64E5).
780
Mp )KeJbKO Kanyheposnh: AHAKCMMEHOB AER
MHaaae rYCTOne H perxohe (rruxvon'(rt xa] p,aVOT'YjT/) O,n:HOCH na 'IHTaBy npsy rpyny
"qm:CH'Iapa", a He HCKJby'IHBO na AHaKCHMeHa,6
)1HJIC (X. )1HeJIC) je noxyurao CTBap H3ma,n:HTH npennaxyha na ce pen p,ovou
("je,n:HHO", "caMO") H3CHMnJIHKHjeBor aasona 'IHTa xao na ce XTeJIO pehn na je AHa-
KCHMeH, y CTBapH, rreWTOU ("npBH") KOjH je HMnJIeMeHTHpao osaxsy TeopHjy.
CHMnJIHKHje je, unax, ira HaBe,n:eHOM Mecry 6HO ,n:OBOJbHO npenasan, rra je
TemKO y a.eros TeKCT y'IHTaBaTH HemTO mTO He onrosapa HH zryxy HH CJIOBy narnrca-
nor (,LJ;K13A5):
6 Taxo Oil;HCTa H nmne KOil; ApHCTOTeJIa: "CBe OCTaJIO npoassone aa oCHOBy rycmae H perxohe H TaKO
nonase no MHoillTBa" (TaMa rfWWIT/ 1rUXVOTr;TI xat' p,avOTr;T/ 1rOMa. 1rOIOUVTf,). ApHCTOTeJT, cPu3uKa (rrpes.
C. Y. Bnarojesah), IIAM,l.J;EI1A, Beorpan 2006, CTp. 18, nap. 187aI5-16. Hepmrc (H. Chemiss) je
KOHCTaTOBao KaKO je ApHCTOTeJT osne, y navepa na npnnarona CTaBOBe paHHX l}lHJT03ol}la npnpone
corrCTBeHOM CTaHOBHillTY, nao npeaanre nojennocraarscay KJIacHl}lHKaU;Hjy. H. Chemiss, Aristotle s
Criticism ofPresocratic Philosophy, New York 1964, p. 49 i d., p. 55.
7 X. ,l.J;HJIC, Ilpeocospamoeuu tPpai'MeHmU I (npes. ,l.J;. CaJIOrreK), Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1983. CTp. 87, nap.
A5. HeM H3il;. H. Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmenteder Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985, s. 91, A5.
8 MCTO. CHHTarMa U1rOxf/p,evr;v 'PUIT/v, MOlKe ce npesecrn ca "rroiJ;JIelKelia npnpona", npesma HH noayheua
npeson, .mpnpona xoja JIelKH y OCHOBH", HaKO ormcan, nnje nera-tan. OBOM l}lparMeHTY CJIH'IH H
781
IIEllAfOIllKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOBH Ca,!1
XHnOJlHTOB npmcasy llK13A7, KOjH ce y OCHOBli upaha na Teodipacra, cauo UITO je 1I3J10lKeH na HelIITO
,!1pyra'llljll Ha'lliH 1I1IITO ,!10HOCli acxe ztorryncselIH<jJopMal(lIje.
9 HcTO, CTp. 88, nap. A9. HeM. 1I3,!1. H. DieIs, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann
1985, s. 93, A9.
10 aBOje ,!10BeJl0,!10 rora, KaKO xaxce BHH,!1eJl6aH,!1 (W. Windelband), na cc KO,!1 AHaKCHMeHa nOKylIIaBaJJa
npaBHTH pa3J1HKa 1I3Me~y MeTa<jJH3H'IKOr "Ba3,!1yxa" 1I exmupajcxor aaanyxa. B. BHH,!1eJl6aH,!1, Iloeujecm
r/JUJl03or/1uje /1, Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1990, CTp. 77.
782
Mp )J{eJbKO Kanyheposnh: AHAKCHMEHOB AER
11 Hacynpor xojer jc crajao af~~e TO jeer erep, '1HCTH, ropn,n, CBeTJU! aasnyx, llITO ITOKa3yje na je erep
6HO CHM60n CBeTJIOCTM H senpane, rra Hupefinaannurre fiorona. H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, A Greek-Eng-
lish Lexicon, Oxford 1903, p. 18, 19.
12 JlaTHHH311paHO peaeno, cyncraannje 11 aKl\I1)],eHl\l1je.
13 H QepHl1c CMaTpa na je AHaKCHMeH OBI1M Ha'll1HHO BalKaH uouax, Ma)],a nonaje na TO BO)],11 ,,)],l1peKTHO
)],0 3aKJbY'lKa 0 .p113I1KaJIHOM penaTI1BH3MY". H. Chemiss, Aristotle s Criticism of Presocratic Philoso-
phy, New York 1964, p. 380.
783
IIElI:AfOWKA CTBAPHOCT LIIl, 9-10 (2007), HOBII Can
784
Mp )l{eJbKO Kanyhepoanh: AHAKCHMEHOB AER
OBa 3aMHcao ce sarme KO,n: CeMHTa H npyrnx napona, a KO,n: Fpxa je HaJIa3HMO KaKO
YHYTap TaKO H H3BaH ,,~apCTBa" tPHrr030<pCKor MHIIIJbelha.
Ilocrojn H cBe,n:OqaHCTBO, aa xoje ce H Jerep (W. Jaegep) OCBPHYO, na je AHa-
KCHMeH aanpasao ananornjy, a nOTOM H n.eroa cnenfemrx )];HoreH H3 Arronoanje,
H3Meljy nenosarsa sasnyxa y yHHBep3yMY xao ~eJTHHH H nenosan,a ,[(yIIIey nojennaas-
HOM sosexy. OBO ce MO)Ke HIIIqHTaTH H3 Aerajeaor tPparMeHTa, KOjH je 03HaqeH TaKO
xao na je y rnrrarsy ayTeHTHqHH AHaKCHMeHOB ~HTaT, Ma,n:a ce 0 TOMe sone OIIITpe
nOJTeMHKe y CTpyqHHM xpyrosmra CBe no nanac. EBO KaKO OH maca ():(K13E2, AeT.
H,3,4):
17 X. )l;lInc, Tlpeocoxpamoeuu dipaeueumu I, (npes. )l;. Canonex), Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1983, CT}). 91, nap.
1)2. IToAByKao )I{. K. HeM. 1I3A. H. Diels, W.Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985,
s. 95, B2. llonsyerene pe'lll cy najsenrhe npnxsaheae xao rta cy 1I3BOpHO AHaKCliMeHOBe. Ilaaac rrocroje
HajMalhe ABa cyrrporcranrseaa rafiopa xoja nove xonrsa OKO 1I3BOpHOCTlI oaor <pparMeHTa. Pesa OKO
'1l1je ayTeHTH'lHOCTlI ce najsemhe errope cy O"u?,xeaTei (,,AplKalhe 3ajeAHO"), xOO"/kO, ("peA", "CBeT") 1I
71VeU/ka ("Aax").
18 H3 oaor UITO je ca-rysano OA AHaKCIIMeHa, BIIAII ce na je a.erosa «ocuoronaja 611na 3aCHOBaHa na
BII311jll KOCMoca xao orpouaor lKlIBor opraamaa KOjll name, re AaKJIe liMa 1I nyury. OBO roaopn Aaje
II nocnenu.a OA rpojaue n03Hal'IIX Mnnehana 6110 nOA yranajea aHIIMIICl'lI'1KIIX npencrasa, TO jeer
aHIIMIICTII'IKOr AOlKlIBJbaBalha upnpone (</',)0"1,).
19 BepOBaTHO aa AHaKCIIMeHa MlIcnll Apncroren 113pll'lynll <ppa3Y ,,11 HeKII npyrn" (xat' eTeeO( Tlve,) y
o oyutu 40Sa21-22, erroMlIlhynll )l;lIoreHa 113 Anononnje II roaopchn Aaje nyuia Ba3AYX. POC (W. D.
Ross) YCBOM KOMeHTapy osor MeCl'a, KalKe ztace OCIIM Anaxcaaeaa rrOMlIlhy jour n aueaa Anaxcarope,
Apxenaja 1I AHaKCIIMaHApa, xao II na je npesia ITnaTOHoBoM cPeooHy (96 64), OBO Cl'aHOBIIIllTe 611no
notipo n03HaTO 1I caMOM Coxpary, W. D. Ross, Aristotle DE ANIMA, Oxford 1999, p. 180.
785
IIE.ll.AfOlllKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOHlf CaLI
786
Mp )J{eJhKO Kanyhepoanh: AHAKCMMEHOB AER
LITERATURA
ApHcTOTen, (/JU3UKa, ITAI1,IJ;EI1A, Beorpan 2006.
Apacroren, Memaipusuxa, JIH6ep, 3arpe6 1988.
Apncroren, 0 OylUU. Haz080p ua rjJWl030rjJujy, Hanpajen 3arpe6 1987.
Aristotelis Opera, ex. rec. Immanuelis Bekkeri, ed. Acad. Regia Borrusica, I-V, Berlin
1831-1870. HOBO H3iJ,albe je npunpeaao O. Faron, Bepnan 1970-1987. CBH
Apacrorenosa HaBOiJ,H cpasa.aaana cy npeaa OBOM H3iJ,albY.
Barnes, J., The Presocratic Philosophers I-II, London 1979
Bapner, I)., Palla epuxa drunosotbuja, 3aBOiJ, sa yl,I6eHHKe H HaCTaBHa cpencrsa,
Beorpan 2004.
Burnet, J., Early Greek Philosophy, Cleveland 1962
Cherniss, H., Aristotle So Criticism ofPresocratic Philosophy, New York 1964
Cherniss, H., "Characteristics and Effects of Presocratic Philosophy", p. 319-45, u:
Journ. ofthe Hist. ofIdeas 12, 1951
Diels, H., Kranz, w., Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I-III, Weidmann 1985-1987
Dils, H., Predsokratovcifragmenti I-II, Naprijed, Zagreb 1983.
Furley, D.J., Allen, R. E., Studies in Presocratic Philosophy I-IL New York, London
1970-1975
Guthrie, W. K. C., "ANAXIMENES AND TO KPY.ETAAAOEIL1El:", p. 40-44, u:
The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 6, No. 1/2. (Jan. - Apr., 1956)
Xeren, I. B. <1>., Hcmopuja drunosodsuje I-II, El1r3, Beorpan 1975
XOMep, Hnujaoa, I. p. o. MaTHI.\a cpncxa, H. CM 1985
Homer, Ilijada, N. z. Matica hrvatska, Zagreb 1987
Jaeger, w., The Theology ofthe Early Greek Philosophers, Oxford 1967
Kanyheposah, M., Apucmomen u npeocoxpamoeuu, Kpnlvlert, H. Can 2004
Kirk, G. S., Raven, J. E., The Presocratic Philosophers, Cambridge 1957
Konncron, <1>., Hcmopuja rjJWl030qJUje Tpuua u PUM, EI1r3, Eeorpan 1991
Jlaeprnj e, ,IJ;., )[{u80mu Uuuuosen.a ucmatoiymux dnaosodia, El1r3, Beorpan 1973
Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford 1903
Marias, J., History ofPhilosophy, New York 1967
McDiarmid, J. B., "Theophrastus on the Presocratic Causes", p. 178-238, u: D. J.
Furley, R. E. Allen, Studies in Presocratic Philosophy I, New York 1970
Hnxe, <1>., (/JWl03orjJuja y mpaZU'lHOM pQ3006/bYTpxa, Fparpoc, Beorpan 1979
Ileposah, M. A., Hcmopuja dnaosotpuje, rpacj:loMeiJ,Ha, H. Can 2003/4
. ITnaToH, (/JeooH, y:J(UjQJl03U, Kynrypa, Beorpan 1970.
Ross, W. D., Aristotle, DE ANIMA, Oxford 1999
Ueberweg, F., Praechter, K., Grundrij3 der Geschichte der Philosophie 1, Berlin 1909
Vindelband, v., Povijestfilozofije I-II, Naprijed, Zagreb 1991.
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IlE,ll;ArolllKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOBM Can
ANAXIMAN'S AER
Summary
The author has stated two different groups of reasons that influenced Anaximan
when he had chosen air as archeo of everything. One group of reasons has a scientific
background and the other comprises less reflected motives that belonged to the com-
mon spiritual ambiance where Anaximan and his two Miletus colleagues had lived.
Contrary to the frequently taken attitude about Anaximan's regress towards Anaxi-
mandra when talking about aer as a principle, the author notes that the attitudes of the
last Miletus make progress in comparison with his predecessors. Firstly, the evidence
for this statement could be found in his writing style - fiction, that points out his re-
treat from mythological background and an approach to rational discourse. Secondly,
Anaximan changed the original context of the word aer into its current meaning of
invisible substance that surrounds us, defining the air as something rather than nothing
and stating it as a principle. He stepped forward while defining philosophical terminol-
ogy, distinguishing notions of being and having. Obvious differences in the type and
quality are formulated through the background in distinctive quality. In addition, the
introduction of syntagm of suffocation and rarefied air that explained appearance and
change, thus, Anaximan anticipated the discovery of the source of movement or causa
efficiensa by this notion pair.
Key words: Anaximan, aer, principle, material cause, efficient cause, suffoca-
tion, rarefied air
A3P AHAKCI1MEHA
Pe3IOMe
788
Mp )l{eJbKO KaJIy~epOBHh: AHAKCHMEHOB AER
789