IIOrJIE)l;II II MIIIII.

JbEIhA

Mp )KeJLKO Kanyheposah UDK: 14(38)

<DHJI030tPCKH tPaKyJITeT Ilperxonao CaOITIlITeJ-be
HOBH Can TIpHMJbeH: 29. VI 2007.
BIBLID: 0553-4569, 53 (2007),9-10, P 778-789

AHAKCHMEHOB AER

Pe3UMe

Aymop y mercmy ymephyje dse epyne pasnoea xojuua ce pyxoeoouo A HaKCUMeH

npWluKoM ooaiiupa easoyxa «ao apuxea ceeza. Jeoua epyna UMa suancmeeno nope-
KJlO, dOKY opyey epyny cnaoajy uatee peibnermoeanu uomueu KOjU cy U3PaTbaJIU U3
omumez dyXOSHOZ autiujeuma y «ojeu cy AHaKcUMeH U opyza oeojuua Munehaua JlCU-
SeJlU. Hacynpom uecmou cmaey 0 peepecy AHaKcUMeHay OdHOCy ua Auaxcuuauopa
«aoa je pes 0 nocmynupatey aepa xao nasena, aymop je na cmauoeuuony oa cmaeoeu
nocneoteez Munehauuua npeocmaen.ajy MucaOHUnpoepec y OdllOCY na teeeoee npem-
xoouuxe. Apeyueumu sa osy meponsy npouanase ce uajnpe y fbeZOSOM cmuny nucau.a
- np03HOM, KOjU yxasyje ua AHaKcUMeHos OmKJIOH oo uumcse nosaouue U nputinuoca-
eatee palfUOHaJlHOM oucxypcy; opyeo, AHaKcUMeH je npetpopuynucao npeotiumuu KOH-
mexcm peuu aep y teezoeo oanauoee snasetee ueeuonsuee meapu xoja Hac ospyxcyje.
pasyueetuu smdyx sao "HeUlmo ", a He "HuUlma" U nocmaen.ajyhu ea «ao uaueno;
OH je y'lUHUO xopa« nanpeo U xaoa je npelfU3upafbe diunosotpcxe mepuuuonoeuje y
numansy, oucmuueeupajyhu 6uscm6o U ceojcmea; ca Anaxcuueuou. KOHa'lHO, O'lU2Jle-
one pasnuxe y epcmu WlU «eanumemy cy no npeu nym ceeoeue ua 30jedHU'lKO nopexno
y Pa3JlUlfU «eaumumema. Oeoue mpe6a oooamu yeohetee CUHmaZMe seyuoeaean.e U
paspehueaiee KOjOM je nokytuao otijacnumu nacmajaiee U npouetty, OdHOCHO OSUAt
nojMo6HUM napou AHaKcUMeH je aumuuunupao npouanancen,e U360pa xpematea WlU
uayca erjJrjJulfueHca.

My'lile pe'lu: AHaKcUMeH, aep, naueno, uamepujanuu Y3POK, etpuuujenmnu

Y3POK, seyuoeaeatee, paspehueanse

Ha npsn nomen ce qHHH xao xopax yaasaa sana AHaKcHMeH, HaKOH AHaKcH-
MaH,n:poBor aneupoHa, sa rrpBo6HTHO HaqeJIO rrOCTaBH jezmy TaKO ,,06HqHy" crsap,

778
Mp )KeJbKO Kanyhepoanh: AHAKCI1MEHOB AER

nosuary H3 CBaKO)],HeBHOr MCKycTBa, KaO liITOje Ba3)],yX (arf)(2). )];a rrpsn rrorrren lJeCTO
yMe )],a aapa, Te )],a AHaKCMMeHOB M360p apuxea, HarrpOTHB, rrpencrasn,a aarrpenax y
O)],HOCY rra AHaKCHMaH)],pOBO "HeOrpaHHlJeHO" HalJeJIO, resa je xoja he 6MTH 06pa3ITo-
)J(eHa M6paT-heHa y nacranxy OBOr pana.'
Pa3IT03H KojHMa ce pyKOBO)],HO AHaKCHMeH rrpHITHKOM onatinpa sasnyxa KaO
nanena, MOry 6MTH pa3BpCTaHH y nse rpyrre:
1. Jeznty rpyrry lJHHe Pa3IT03H sa xoje ce MO)J(e pehu )],a MMajy 3HaHCTBeHO nopexno,
nourro npertcraan.ajy KOM6MHau,Mjy sanaxan,a, HCKycTBa M pau,HOHaITHOr rrpo-
MHllIJbalba. OBH Pa3IT03H cy, xacnaje, 6HITH je)],HHH KOjM cy 036HJbHO Y3HMaHH y
pasaarpan,e 0)], crpane MCTOpMlJapa <pHIT030qlHje.
2. )];pyry rpyrry lJHHe Pa3JI03M KOjH cy 6MJIM npoasson He)],OBOJbHO pedinexroaanor
npensnreean,a xoje je AHaKcHMeH fianrranno H3 rrorrrena aa CBeT caora speve-
na,

1. Ilpnrranajyha aecysusano rpanmmja jOHCKHX MOHHCTa, xoja ce OCITalbaJIa na

nerennapnor Myseja ()l;JI,H,3), AHaKCHMeHOB aep je y je)],HOM CMHCJIy, xao H
AHaKCHMaH)],pOB aneup01I, OHO H3 lJera "CBe nacraje My isera ce otter paanaxe''
()l;K13E2, )l;K 13 A 7). OHO lllTO je AHaKCHMeHa OC06HTO 3aHHMaITO, M y lJeMY
je Ha'1HHHO OTKITOH y O)],HOCY na OCTaJIy )],BOjHU,y MMITenaHa, 6rmo je n.eroao
oojaunsaaaa,e HalJHHa na KOjH cy ce onrosapajyhe npoveae neuraaane. AKO rnap
He ocraje saysex y CBOM OCHOBHOM crarsy, na JIH je 6HJIO Moryne rrOHY)],HTH HeKO
npupoouo 06jallllbelbe saurro, HITH 6apeMxaxo, ce OHa rpancrpopnaute Mpaasnja
y Pa3HOJIHKO MHOlllTBO Y KojeM ce nojanrsyje. Ilpnponaa rrpouec KOjMM je, rro
AHaKcHMeHy, 6HJIO Moryne 06jacHHTH KaKO nopenax y csery TaKO H TOK Y lbeMy,
jecre npouec sryunsasan.a H paapeljnaaa,a.

ApHCTOTeJI y CBOjOj <PU3UlfU (187a12-23) rtpasn nonerty ,,<pMCH'1apa"2 y rrae

rpyrre. OH y llxyc.187a 12-13 xazce na "Je)],HM cvarpajy zta je nonver TeJIO xoje je
jenno'" (0/ /kSlI 'ra(2 e'v norqaavre; TO b'v IJ"w/ka TO vrrOXEI/kElIOll). OBa peseanua caua rro
cefia nnax nnje OHO lllTO Pa3ITHKyje rrpsy rpyrry <pHIT03o<pa 0)], ztpyre, jep M,,)];pynr nate
cvarpajy na ce M3 Jezmor y KOMe ce HaJIa3e cynporaocra re cynpornocra H pa3ITY-
lJyjy"4 (0/ 3' EX TOll ello<; ElIOUlJ"a<; Ta<; ElIallTlOT'Y}Ta<; EXX(2ll1EIJ"Jal) (llxyc.187a20-21).

OHO lllTO je pasnaxyjyhe CBOjCTBO npse rpyrre <pMIT03o<pa je:

1 0 AHaKCHMCHOBOM narrperxy y MHillJbClbY nofipo CBCAO'lC HcrrCACUC Xerenose (G. W. F. Hegel) pC'IH:
"OH (AHaKcHMcH, npHM.)K. K.) osaauyjc raxopeha npenas c\JHrr030c\JHjc npHpOAC y c\JHrr03oc\JHjy CBCCTH
ann narryurraa.e npCAMCTHOra nannaa npacynrnnre." r. B. <1>. Xeren, Hcmopuja cPUJlo30qJUje I, bI1I'3,
Bcorpan 1975, CTp. 157.
2 01 'PUrF/HOI cy OBAC y onpcmr ca Eneahanmra (phys.184616), Marra OBO HHjC jCAHHO TaKBO MCCTO rne
cy jOHCKH c\JHrr030~lH, EMilCAOKJIC, Anaxcaropa H aTOMHCTH na jeznroj CTpaHH, a nacynpcr IbHX CTOjC
Enejun H llnraropejna (ITxyc.186a20 HA., 203al3 HA.; Mem.I078619 HA.).
3 ApHCTOTcrr, cPUJUKG, npes. C. Y. Bnarojeanh. I1AI1)..(EI1A, Beorpan 2006, CTp. 18, nap. 187aI2-13.
4 I1CTO.

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 IlE.ll:ArolIlKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOBll Can

a.) JJ:a OHH H.n:eHTII!pHKyjy nonnexehy rsap cajennaa on TpH errexreara (nona, sasnyx
H sarpa), IWH ca He"IHM "H3Mefjy" IhHX.
6.) OHH CBe OCTane CTBapH naaone H3 OBe jemre nonnescehe TBapH arynnsaaarsea H
paapehaearsev.
CrreQH!pHqHO sa zrpyry rpyrry !pHJI030!pa xojy cnovaa,e CTampaHHH je CJIe-
.n:ene:
a.) OHH ormcyjy OHO lliTO nonnezce xao neurro aeonpeheno y qeMy cy CBe onpehene
CTBapH rroreanajanno npncyrne.
6.) CBe OCTane CTBapH rracrajy rtocrynxov H3.n:BajaIha H3 OBe HeH3.n:H!pepeHQHpaHe
MelliaBHHe. Y npyroj rpyrm ce nanase KacHIIjII rrpeCOKpaTOBQII EMrre.n:OKJIe II AHa-
xcaropa, KOjII cy rrocrynnparnt same yspoxa, arm II AHaKCHMaH.n:ap, sa xora ce
CMaTpa ztaje ApIICTOTen 6HO y .n:IIneMH KaKO ztara oxapaxrepaure.
Kaztaje pe-r0 rrpaoj rpyrrn ApIICTOTeJI .n:HpeKTHO HIIje cnosrenyo HHje.n:HO jezmno
lIMe. CeM rese zra OHO lliTOje "rylline on narpe a pelie on sasztyxa" npencraan,a, MO)K.rJ:a,
CTaHOBHlliTe AHaKCIIMaH.n:pa, nocrojn II .n:pyraYJ:HjII IIHTeprrpeTaQIIjcKH rrpncryn, KOjII
rspnazra rrOMeHYTH CTaB norn-re H3 aexor .n:OQHIIjer nepnona.jep OH, y II3BeCHOM CMHCJIy,
nocpenyie H3Mefjy XepaKJIIITa II AHaKCIIMeHa, Taneca H AHaKCIIMeHa IIJIH XepaKJIIITa II
Taneca, OBaKBO MHlliJbeIhe BO.n:II .n:o 'rspmse na aeposatse y "rrocpe.n:Hy" 'rsap nparrana
HeKOM snany AHaKCIIMeHOBe urxone, Moryne HeKOM o.n: rrOCJIe.n:IhIIX CJIe.n:6eHIIKa, KOjII
je IIMao BeJIIIKOr YTHQaja y rrOTOIhIIM BpeMeHHMa. Ho aKO ce, xana je y mrrarsy "HelliTO
H3Mefjy", H MO)f{e 6HTII y He.n:0YMHQII aa xora je ApHCTOTeJI MHCJIHO, xana ce crrouene
nona (Tanec) H sarpa (XepaKJIHT), MHOro je II3BecHHje 0 KOMe ce paan. Heua MHoro
zraneue HH xana ce nasene rpeha eJIeMeHT - saanyx, Pe-r je, napasno, 0 AHaKCIIMeHY.
To CTarHpaHHH, na npyroa Mecry, eKCrrJIIIQIITHO H K~e (Mem.984a5-7):

AHaKCUMeH u Iluoeeu nocmaensajy oa je spate Al/aflp,il/'Yj<; 38 aiea xai !J.loyil/'Yj<;

npeomuuju 00 eooe me oa je OH uajeehua neOTcfloV fJaaToq xa; f.LrLA/(TT' af1Xrf;v
noueno 00 ceux jeouocmaenux mjeneca? TI:J-iarT/ TWl/ CbrAWl/ (J'wp,aTWl/.

AHaKCHMeH je cexr lliTO je rrOCTaBHO HOBO HaYJ:eJIO csera, saazryx, 6HO, xao lliTO
je nosrenyro, H rrpsn !pHJI030!p KOjH je roBOpHO 0 sryunsaaarsy H paspehnaarsy. Ty
TBp.n:IhY Teorppacr je nozrarno ojasao y je.n:HOM .n:eJIy csoje "HcTopHje !pHJI030!pHje"
(JJ:K13A5) KOHCTaTaQHjoM zra je AHaKCHMeH 6HO H je.n:HHH KOjII je paspahnaao rro-
MeHyry TeMy. CHMrrJIHKHje y IIxyc.149,32, na rpary ApHCTOTeJIOBOr ayroprrrera,
ncnpaarsa Teorppacra, rosopeha .n:a ce aa HaBe.n:eHOM Mecry (IIxyc.187a15-16) crro-

5 ApllCTOTeJI, Memar/JU3UKa (npea, T. JIa):\aH), JIll6ep, 3arpe6 1985, CTp. II, nap. 984a5-7. OBO je jeznro
0):\ YKYnHo rpa MeCTa y ApllCTOTeJIOBOM xopnycy na KojllMa ce nOMllH.e Aaaxcmrenoao HMe. IloTOH,a
Tpa):\HllHja crora, ):\OCTa 3aBHCH 0):\ Teodipacra xojtt je, npeua .ll:. Jlaeprnjy (B, 42), rranncao nocefiny
MOHorpaljJlljy 0 nOCJIe):\H.eM Mnnehamnty. Kparxa uepanja Teodipacronor npnxaaa canyaanaje nocpert-
CTBOM CHMnJIHKHja (17xyc.24,26; .ll:K13A5). .ll:HoreH ll3 AnOJIOHHje je 6HO eKJIeKTI1'1ap H3 V B. n. H.
e. KO):\ xora je BH):\JbHB yrnuaj EMne):\OKJIa, Anaxcarope, JIeYKHna, xao H AHaKcHMeHa. 0):\ casyaanax
necer ljJparMeHaTa ca 03HaKOM E, sa pasyacaan,e rserose 4JHJI030ljJllje '1HHe ce Haj3aHHMJbHBHjH OHH
non fipojesnva 4 H5 (.ll:K64E4 H.ll:K64E5).

780
Mp )KeJbKO Kanyheposnh: AHAKCMMEHOB AER

MHaaae rYCTOne H perxohe (rruxvon'(rt xa] p,aVOT'YjT/) O,n:HOCH na 'IHTaBy npsy rpyny
"qm:CH'Iapa", a He HCKJby'IHBO na AHaKCHMeHa,6
)1HJIC (X. )1HeJIC) je noxyurao CTBap H3ma,n:HTH npennaxyha na ce pen p,ovou
("je,n:HHO", "caMO") H3CHMnJIHKHjeBor aasona 'IHTa xao na ce XTeJIO pehn na je AHa-
KCHMeH, y CTBapH, rreWTOU ("npBH") KOjH je HMnJIeMeHTHpao osaxsy TeopHjy.
CHMnJIHKHje je, unax, ira HaBe,n:eHOM Mecry 6HO ,n:OBOJbHO npenasan, rra je
TemKO y a.eros TeKCT y'IHTaBaTH HemTO mTO He onrosapa HH zryxy HH CJIOBy narnrca-
nor (,LJ;K13A5):

3amo je Teoippacm y Iloeujecmu [pp. 2. em 'Yae TOUTOU p,ovou [Anaximenes1

pox.477] cnoueuyo CaMO lMZ060 [Ana- eeorpea(no~ ev Tnt 1rT"roe[a/ (fr. 2. Dox.
KCUMeU0601paspjehuean.e U 3ZYLUlba6aTM, 477] TnV p, a v ()) (J' / v eie'Yjxe xal tt U
(a ouumo) je oa cy ce U opyzu CJlYJICWlU x v to (J' / v, JnAov Jd w~ xal 0/ aMo/ Tn/
paspjehueateeu U seyuaeaeateeu.' p,aVOT'YjT/ xal rruxVOT'Yj"rl exeWVTO.
Mozena 6H ce Teorppacroaa rapzm,a Morna carneziarn H H3 cnenehe nepcnex-
THBe: ITpHpO,n:HH npOQeCH nonyr aacrajaa.a xmne H3 06JIaKa, ncrtapaaarse, npoveaa
arperanmx cran,a sozre, H CJIH'IHa npyra ,,3rymaaBaaa H paspehasaa.a'' rrposreae
cy xoje cy, 6e3 cysm,e, 6HJIe npHXBaTJbHBe sa nehnay npecoxparosana. Ho OHO mTO
rpefia HamaCHTH, H mTO je BepOBaTHO 6HJIa TeOcPpaCTOBa naxrepa,je na HXje jezmno
AHaKCHMeH ofijaum.asao y TepMHHHMa KOjH rperapajy pmJIH'IHry ryCTHHy jenne TBa-
pn, jep cy jennao aa a.era ryCTO H peTKO 6HJIH cymTHHcKH eJIeMeHTH iseroee ,n:OKTpH-
He. Taxo ,n:a je, caCBHM BepOBaTHO, TeOcPpaCT onaj KOjH je, y cnysajy OBe ,n:HMeH3Hje
AHaKCHMeHOBe cPHJI030cPHje, 6HO 6JIH)l(e HCTHHH KaKO y O,n:HOCy na ApHCTOTeJIa TaKO
H y O,n:HOCy na CHMnJIHKHja. CaM CHMnJIHKHje na cneneha Ha'IHH H3JImKe cpac AHa-
KCHMeHOBe cPHJI030cPHje (,LJ;K13A5, JIxyc.24,26;):

AuaKCUMeu Munehauun, Eypucmpamoe .A Jd EUeU(J"'reaTou M/A,yj(J'IO~, ETaIeO~

(cuu), npujamens Anaxcuuauopoe, mepou 'Ye'Yovw~ .Ava~/p,avJeou, p,[av p,dv xa]
«ao U on oa je npupooa xoja JleJICU y aUTo~ TnV urrox8lp,ev'Yjv rpu(J'/v xal am/eov
OCU06U (xynotceuuenon} jeoua u tiecxo- rp'Yj(J'/V w(J'me exei'vo~, oux aOe/(J'TOV Jd
uauua, anu ue (mepou) «ao ouaj oa je w(J'me exelvo~, aMa we/(J'p,ev'Yjv, aeea
neoopeheua, eeh oopeheua. uasueajyhu je Ae'Y())V aUTr;v'
3paKoM. 8

6 Taxo Oil;HCTa H nmne KOil; ApHCTOTeJIa: "CBe OCTaJIO npoassone aa oCHOBy rycmae H perxohe H TaKO
nonase no MHoillTBa" (TaMa rfWWIT/ 1rUXVOTr;TI xat' p,avOTr;T/ 1rOMa. 1rOIOUVTf,). ApHCTOTeJT, cPu3uKa (rrpes.
C. Y. Bnarojesah), IIAM,l.J;EI1A, Beorpan 2006, CTp. 18, nap. 187aI5-16. Hepmrc (H. Chemiss) je
KOHCTaTOBao KaKO je ApHCTOTeJT osne, y navepa na npnnarona CTaBOBe paHHX l}lHJT03ol}la npnpone
corrCTBeHOM CTaHOBHillTY, nao npeaanre nojennocraarscay KJIacHl}lHKaU;Hjy. H. Chemiss, Aristotle s
Criticism ofPresocratic Philosophy, New York 1964, p. 49 i d., p. 55.
7 X. ,l.J;HJIC, Ilpeocospamoeuu tPpai'MeHmU I (npes. ,l.J;. CaJIOrreK), Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1983. CTp. 87, nap.
A5. HeM H3il;. H. Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmenteder Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985, s. 91, A5.
8 MCTO. CHHTarMa U1rOxf/p,evr;v 'PUIT/v, MOlKe ce npesecrn ca "rroiJ;JIelKelia npnpona", npesma HH noayheua
npeson, .mpnpona xoja JIelKH y OCHOBH", HaKO ormcan, nnje nera-tan. OBOM l}lparMeHTY CJIH'IH H

781
 IIEllAfOIllKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOBH Ca,!1

l(HIWpOH 0 AHaKCliMeHY KCDKe cnezrehe (.LJ:K13A9, Alfao.I1I137, 118):

[U3a AHaKCUMa1l0pa] (nam.) Ilocnuje je lVe- Iuaux Auaxuuanoep] nocm euyc

Z06 cnytuanau AHaKcUMeH (pexao) oa je spate ayoumop AHaXUMeHec UHrjJUHumyM
6eCKOHa'laH, anu ono tumo U3 teeea uacmaje aepa, ceo ea, qyae exeo opepeumyp,
KOHa'lHO je: C opyee cmpaue uacmaje seun.a, oednotuma: ZUZHU aymeu meppau,
600a, eampa, a U3 060za C6e ocmano,' aqyau, ueueu, myu ex uuc ouuua.

1.JHTajynM l(HI.I,epOHa, a y CJIWIHOM TORY rrmne II XllJTOJIHT (.LJ:K13A7), )J,a ce

3aKJbYIJMTll zta, KO)J, AHaKCHMeHa, TO jeer y n.eroaoj KOHI.I,enI.l,HjH, Ba3,IJ,yX najnpe MMa
caoje "nOTOMKe" (a1Tl7'YOJ/O~, .LJ:K13A 7.3.), a na CBe npyro, nOTOM, aacraje M3 lhMX. 1O .Flo-
TOMI.I,M" saanyxa cy, napasao, OCTaJIa TpM eJIeMeHTa sevrsa, BO)J,a Msarpa, a CBe OCTaJIO
je O)J, lhMX HaIJMlheHO. OBO HaroBeIIITaBa)J,a nocroje )J,Ba crazmjyaa y nacraiarsy CBeTa.
rIPBM je 06JIMKOBalhe enenenara arynnsaaan.ev M paspehnaarsea sasnyxa, LJ:pym CTa-
)J,MjyM je 6MO aacrajan,e "OCTaJIOr". 1.JllHH ce nnax MaJIO BepoBaTHMM, xana je Ben no-
CTYJIllpaO nocrynax paspehnaau,a Msrynnsaaarsa xao cacnmr )J,OBOJbaH sa 06jaUllhelhe
CBMX Morynllx aapnianaja, na IJaK Msa nacrajaise xaxrersa M3 saanyxa, naje AHaKCliMeH
ocehao norpeoy sa 6MJIO KaKBOM )J,BOCTeneHoUlny npoueca crsaparsa xao raxaor:
Teorppacr ce, 3aTMM, nOMlilhe xao oaa] noxcorpadi xojn je AHaKcMMeHy rrpn-
rmcao xacnnjy reopnjy 0 -rernpa eJIeMeHTa. OBa reopaja eKCnJIllI.l,MTHO je 611JIa l}lop-
MyJIHCaHa KO)J, EMrre)J,OKJIa M npnnaroheaa O)J, crpane ApMCTOTeJIa paznt rserosor con-
CTBeHor 06jaUllhelha rrposreae. Y AHaKCHMeHOBO )J,06a OHa Hllje Morna 6HTH )J,O xpaja
apTHKyJIMCaHa, a jeztan O)J, pasnora je M TO UlTO je rseao nacraian.e 6MJIO pe3yJITaT
jacnor nanynrrarsa MOHMCTMIJKe n03HI.I,Hje xana cy Y3pOI.l,M y rnrrarsy, UlTO ce )J,orO)J,M-
JIO TeK nerne HaKOH Ilapveanna. Hacrpany UlTO novenyra IJeTMpM eJIeMeHTa HH KO)J,
cavor AHaKCliMeHa HeMajy npHBMJIeroBaH CTaTYC, Ben ce pasnorrpaaao ca lhMMa xao
"rrOTOMI.I,H" aasnyxa rrojaarsyjy BeTpOBM, 06JIaI.l,H MKaMelhe (.LJ:K13A5 H .LJ:K13A 7).
AHaKcHMeH je aeposarno maripao Ba3,IJ,yX xao HaIJeJIO M360r rora UlTO je CMa-
rpao na je OH y CBOM HeBM)J,JbHBOM crarsy, xao araocdiepcxn Ba3,IJ,yX, y CBOM "HajnpM-
pO)J,HMjeM" crarsy M)J,a 6M, UlTaBMUle, TaKaB yaex 6HO aKO 6H ra "OCTaBMJIM aa MMPY".
Ho nOUlTO ra "XJIa)J,Hona H TOrrJIOTa, BJIa:lKHOCT Mxperan,e IJHHe BM)J,JbMBMM", lherOBO
je)J,HOJIMKO ()J,OCJIOBHO "Hajj e)J,HOJIllIJHHjH", Op,aAWTaTO~, .LJ:K13A 7.2) craa,e ce pasa-
pa H OH nocraje paspeljen MJIM 3ryCHyT aa Pa3JIllIJMTMM MeCTHMa, UlTO xao pe3yJITaT
ztaje pa3JIMIJMTe BM)J,JbMBe 06JIMKe. Taxo je sa Anaxcmrerra 6HJIO OIJHrne)J,HO zta naszryx
y BJICDKHOM ztany nocraje BH)J,JbHB xao Marna, re )J,a aacraan.arsev HCTor npoueca
(arynnsaaan,a) Marna llJIli 06JIaK rrocrajy KHUla HJIliHeKH npyrn 06JIHK BO)J,e. Hapasno
sarpesarsexr BO)J,e rrpouec TeIJe y 06pHyTOM cvepy, OHa ce najnpe, paapehaaaa.ev,

XHnOJlHTOB npmcasy llK13A7, KOjH ce y OCHOBli upaha na Teodipacra, cauo UITO je 1I3J10lKeH na HelIITO
,!1pyra'llljll Ha'lliH 1I1IITO ,!10HOCli acxe ztorryncselIH<jJopMal(lIje.
9 HcTO, CTp. 88, nap. A9. HeM. 1I3,!1. H. DieIs, W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann
1985, s. 93, A9.
10 aBOje ,!10BeJl0,!10 rora, KaKO xaxce BHH,!1eJl6aH,!1 (W. Windelband), na cc KO,!1 AHaKCHMeHa nOKylIIaBaJJa
npaBHTH pa3J1HKa 1I3Me~y MeTa<jJH3H'IKOr "Ba3,!1yxa" 1I exmupajcxor aaanyxa. B. BHH,!1eJl6aH,!1, Iloeujecm
r/JUJl03or/1uje /1, Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1990, CTp. 77.

782
Mp )J{eJbKO Kanyheposnh: AHAKCHMEHOB AER

rrpeofipaha y BII)J;JbHBY rrapy, a rrOTOM ce ry6II y HeBII)l)bIIBOM sasnyxy. Ha jennoj crpa-

HII oaaj TOK BpxyHII ca 3eMJbOM II KaMeJbeM, a aa npyroj ca BaTpOM.
KOHa'IHO, eBO H pasnora 360r KOjIIX ce MO)f(e CMaTpaTH na AHaKCIIMeHOBa
nocrnrnyha rrpencrasrsajy MHcaOHII nanpenax y O)),HOCy aa pan JberOBIIX jOHCKIIX
IIpeTxo)),HHKa:
1. Ilonarax na HeKO rmure y nposn, IIaKO nansrnen HH<j:>opMaI.J.IIja cnorsannser xa-
paxrepa, HHje 6IIna cavo 'IIIJbeHHI.J.a xoja je YKa3IIBana na He'IHjII CTHn nspa-
)f(aBaJba. OHa je, nororoso, y )),06a pahan,a <j:>Hn030<j:>IIje IIMana H jezmy )),y6Jby
)),HMeH3Hjy, HaIIMe YKa3IIBana je na OTKnOH 0)), MHTCKe nosannne H na rrpnfina-
xcasan.e paI.J.HOHanHOM )),HCKYPCy. Y TOM cMHcny rpeoa II pehn na sa pa3nHKY
0)), AHaKCHMaH)),pOBor amue "rreCHH'IKOr Ha'IHHa rmcarsa" ():(K12A9), nynor
"rrnanaJbaKa3HH", "O)),lllTeTa" H "HerrpaB)),H", AHaKCHMeH mnne ,J e)),HOCTaBHHM
H HeH3BelllTa'IeHHM jOHCKHM )),IIjaneKTOM" ():(JI,II,3).
2. Y TO apeve pes !uf;e yofin-tajeno je osnaaasarra snary, rrapy, Mamy, raCOBHTO crarse
yonurre Hmi 'IaK rasry - neurro lllTO orexaaa BIIfjeJbe H rrpHKpfIBa CTBapH xoje
oxpyxyje (XOMep, Hnujaoa, XVII, 647, 649).11 Ca AHaKcHMeHoM aep )),06Hja CMH-
cao KOjH nanac rtpencrasrsa jenmro 3Ha'IeJbe pe-ra "Ba3)l,yX", )),aKne, HeBH)),JbHBa
rsap xoja Hac oxpyzcyje. To ce eKCrmHI.J.HTHO H MO)f(e nponaha y Xanomrroaou
<j:>parMeHTy ():(K13A7.2), me ce )),ocnOBHO KIDKe)),a Ba3)),YX "Ka)l,je, 3aHCTa, najjen-
HonwlHHjH BH)),y je caxpnsea", HnH, nocpezmo, xana ce, aeurro narse, BeTpOBH
)),e<j:>HHHlllY xao "Ba3)l,yX KOjH ce 3ryCHyO" ():(K13A7.3). Tpe6ano je )),OCTa KypIDKH
na ce, nacynpor Tpa)l,HI.J.HjH, npediopvynanre rrpB06HTHH CMHcao pe'III aep, H jour
snure yMHor uanopa na ce OBaKO nporyvasen "Ba3)l,yX" aajnpe pasysre xao "Helll-
TO"(a He HHWTa, npanmna) HJIH "TBap", a onjrax IIOTOM H nOCTaBH xao HaqeJIO rj.
MaTepHjanHH Y3POK, ApHCTOTenOBHM je3HKoM peseuo.
3. AHaKcHMeH je y'IIIHHO xopax nanpenHxanaje <pHn03o<j:>cKa repvnsonoraja y rnrrarsy,
Kao lllTO ce MO)f(e Y0'IHTH H3, I.J.HTHpaHor, CHMIIJIHKHjeBor <pparMeHTa (.LJ:K13A5),
AHaKCHMeHOB aep je H aneupou, cano lllTO ce KO)), AHaKcHMeHa aneupou rpernpa
xao CBOjCTBO OCHOBHor 6HBCTBa, a He, xao lllTOje TO cnysai KO)), AHaKCHMaH)),Pa, KaO
caxto 6HBCTBO. 3a AHaKCHMeHa je, HapaBHO, sasnyx TO 6HBCTBO. Basnyx je neorpa-
HH'IeH, ann cano y KBaHTHTaTIIBHOM CMHCny. OH HHje neonpehen y KBanHTaTHBHOM
CMHCny. 11 aKO CBe OBO HHje ApHCTOTenOB HnH, MO)f()l,a, Teotppacros )),o)),aTaK OH)),a
TO, CBaKaKO, npencranrsa 3HaqajaH aanpenax,jep je AHaKCHMeH THMe yqHHHO xopax
6nH)f(e xa pa3nHKOBaJbY 6HBCTBa H CBojcTBa,12 KBanHTeTa H KBaHTHTeTa.
4. Ca AHaKcHMeHoM o-mrnezme paannxe y BpCTH HJIH xsanarery cy rro npan rryr
csenene na 3aje)),HH'IKO rrOpeKJIO y Pa3JIHI.J.II KBaHTIITeTa. 13

11 Hacynpor xojer jc crajao af~~e TO jeer erep, '1HCTH, ropn,n, CBeTJU! aasnyx, llITO ITOKa3yje na je erep
6HO CHM60n CBeTJIOCTM H senpane, rra Hupefinaannurre fiorona. H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, A Greek-Eng-
lish Lexicon, Oxford 1903, p. 18, 19.
12 JlaTHHH311paHO peaeno, cyncraannje 11 aKl\I1)],eHl\l1je.
13 H QepHl1c CMaTpa na je AHaKCHMeH OBI1M Ha'll1HHO BalKaH uouax, Ma)],a nonaje na TO BO)],11 ,,)],l1peKTHO
)],0 3aKJbY'lKa 0 .p113I1KaJIHOM penaTI1BH3MY". H. Chemiss, Aristotle s Criticism of Presocratic Philoso-
phy, New York 1964, p. 380.

783
 IIElI:AfOWKA CTBAPHOCT LIIl, 9-10 (2007), HOBII Can

YBofjeIhe KBaHTMTaTMBHor xprrrepnjyua sa KBaJIMTaTMBHe pa3JIMKe HMje cauo

3aoKpY)J{MJIO MOHMCTMlJ:KM CMCTeM MMJIenaHa, Ben je .nOHeJIO M 60raTe rmonose y
rrOTOIheM rplJ:KOM M yornrrre esporrcxoa MMIlIJbeIhY. AHaKCMMeH, ztaxaxo, HMje Morao
rtperrasapara eBeHTYaJIHy MaTeMaTMlJ:KY rrpMMeHy concrsenor HOBor npammna, jep
ce TO MO)J{e nparmcara TeK Ihrraropejuava, aJIH je OH HalJ:HHHO rrpBH 3HaqajaH nores
na .nyroM nyry eratinaparsa oaor rrpmnnrrra. ~a lPH3MKaJIHM lPeHOMeHII, fioja, 3ByK
HJIM neurro rpehe, Mory 6MTM M3pa)J{eHH y 06JIMKy MaTeMaTMlJ:Ke jenaasnae, MJIM
.npyralJ:IIje pereno .na ce CBe pa3JIMKe KBaJIIITeTa caeny na pa3JIIIKe KBaHTHTeTa, jep
TeK TaKO MOry 6MTM HaylJ:HO pasuarpane, nperuoctaaxa je na KOjOj ce renerse CBe
Mo.nepHe npnporme HayKe. 14 Crora je H )J{HBOT caspeneaor lJ:OBeKa y MHOrMM CBOjMM
acnexrmra KBaHTMlPIIKOBaH. Orijanusasajyha CBe KBaJIMTaTIIBHe pa3JIMKe CTBapM pas-
JIMlJ:MTMM crerreaasra sryurrsaaan,a If paspehanaa,a rrpaofinrne TBaplf, AHaKCIIMeH je,
aKO He ocnrypao, a OHO CBaKaKO saxresao, KBaHTIfTaTIIBHO oojarmseae,

2. OCHM pau:IfOHaJIHOr pasnora KOjH je BO.nIIO AHaKcHMeHa no IheroBor 1f360pa

aera xao archea, nocrojana cy H MaIhe pelPJIeKTOBaHH MOTHBIf sa raj II360p, KOjM
cy II3paIhaJIH II3 onurrer MIIcaOHor aM6lfjeHTa y KojeM cy OH II OCTaJIa rtaojmta
MIIJIenaHa )J{IIBeJIIf, H KOjlf cy OHII .neJIIIJIIf ca CBOjHM HelPlfJI030lPCKIf uacrpoje-
HIIM cyrpahanaaa. TaKaB je Hrrp. 6IIO n.eroa CTaB naje aasztyxy xperarsy II zta je
TO OHO IlITO lJ:IIHII npoveny MorynoM ():(K13A5, A6, A7 If AlO). Je.nHaKO xao If
IherOBII nperxoznnrna, AHaKCHMeH HIIje rroHY.nIIO HMKaKBO ofijaunsea,e sa jemry
OBaKO II3peQeHY KOHCTamU:IIjy. OHa je 6WIa aapeseaa 6e3 ".naBaIha pasnora", H
TO je OHO IlITOje rro Apncroreny 6IIno HeorrpOCTIIBO.
~aJbe, Ka3aHO je II ztaje rrpB06lfTHO aaaeno, KaKO cy ra MIfJIenaHIf CXBaTMJIIf,
6IIJIO CXBaneHO xao BelJ:HO H crora Hy)J{HO neyspoxosano HJIII caaoyspoxoeano, 're
6e3 jacno paarpaanseaor MaTeplfjaJIHOr If elPIIU:IIjeHTHor yspoxa." Onrosop na rm-
rarse TOra npesrena una je OHO caxroyspoxoaano IIJIH cavonoxpehyhe roTOBO ysex
je 6HO: nyura MJIH )J{HBOT (psyche). 16 11 AHaKCHMeH je pecrrexrosao crapa norrynapna
BepOBaIha Koja cy rrOBe3IIBaJIa, rra M II.neHTIIlPIfKOBaJIa, nax M )J{HBOT II .nax H nyury.
14 EapHC (J. Barnes) y CBOjOj Klhll3H The Presocratic Philosophers 1 (p. 45) mnne: ,,3a Hac je, cazta,
rycroha KBaHTHTaTHBaH nojav rrOAITOlKaH Mepelhy, CTOra je AHaKcHMeHoBa 4JH3HKa 4JYHAaMeHTaJlHo
KBaHTIlTaTHBHa, H OHa naroaeurrasa OHO aancno xoje ofiyxnara 'HCTHHCKy 6HT HaYKe': 'Aa KBaJlHTeT
MOlKe 6HTH CBeAeH na KBaHTHTeT' ". 1. Barhes, The Presocratic Philosophers I, London 1979, p. 45.
15 IIpel\H3Ho nacrauraapau.e causa materialisa H causa eificiensa npauana co4JHcTHl\HpaHHjeM
cTaAHjyMy MHIlIJhelha Hero IlITO je OHO 6Hrro y llIeCTOM sexy rrpe Hallie epe, kana jour ysex nnje 6Hrra
saxacnaaa onpexa H3Meijy HHepTHe TBapH ca jezme crpane, H cane xoja TY raap CTaBJha y rroxper ca
npyre crpane.
16 Mana xanje AHaKCHMeH y rnrran.y Jerep npaaujemry nojaoany AHCTHHKl\Hjy. OHxasccna AHaKCHMeH
KOpHCTH pes if;ux-YJ y cxmcny "AYllla" a He y cxnrcrry "lKHBOT", a TO ofipaanascc THMe na je Ba3AYX cau
aocnnau lKHBOTa. 3a AHaKCHMeHa je OCHOBHO 6HBCTBO, cxrarpa Jerep, BenOlKHBJheHO HoHO ce OAHOCH
npexraBHAJhHBOM TerreCHOM caery xao nyma npexraJhYACKOM Terry. W. Jaeger, The Theology ofthe Early
Greek Philosophers, Oxford 1967, p. 79. Tarpn (W. K. C. Guthrie) csrarpa na je AHaKcHMeH H3a6pao
Ba3AYX xao apuxe H360r caor nnaharsa AaHKa npeanoj HAeHTH4JHKal\HjH naxa HlKHBOTa. W. K. C. Guth-
rie, "ANAXIMENES AND TO KPTl:TAAAOEILlE1:", p. 44, u: The Classical Quarterly, New Series,
Vol. 6, No. 1/2. (Jan. - Apr., 1956).

784
Mp )l{eJbKO Kanyhepoanh: AHAKCHMEHOB AER

OBa 3aMHcao ce sarme KO,n: CeMHTa H npyrnx napona, a KO,n: Fpxa je HaJIa3HMO KaKO
YHYTap TaKO H H3BaH ,,~apCTBa" tPHrr030<pCKor MHIIIJbelha.
Ilocrojn H cBe,n:OqaHCTBO, aa xoje ce H Jerep (W. Jaegep) OCBPHYO, na je AHa-
KCHMeH aanpasao ananornjy, a nOTOM H n.eroa cnenfemrx )];HoreH H3 Arronoanje,
H3Meljy nenosarsa sasnyxa y yHHBep3yMY xao ~eJTHHH H nenosan,a ,[(yIIIey nojennaas-
HOM sosexy. OBO ce MO)Ke HIIIqHTaTH H3 Aerajeaor tPparMeHTa, KOjH je 03HaqeH TaKO
xao na je y rnrrarsy ayTeHTHqHH AHaKCHMeHOB ~HTaT, Ma,n:a ce 0 TOMe sone OIIITpe
nOJTeMHKe y CTpyqHHM xpyrosmra CBe no nanac. EBO KaKO OH maca ():(K13E2, AeT.
H,3,4):

AHaKcUMeH, Eypucmpamoe (CUH), Mu- it EUeU(TTeaTOU MIArjfJIOq aexnll TWII

nehauuu, usjaeuo je oa je spate noseno
tiuha. Jep U3 teeea cee uacmaje U y neea
ce onem pasnaotce. "Kao_Ulmo jg._HaUla
oVUla::', mepou, ,,3paK),(OpJICU_HaC_cKvna!..
maxo U oax (nHevMa) u 3paK o6vxeanajv
yujeJlu K03MOC." /A spas U nueyua cy
ynomp;je6IbeH-;;CUHOHUMHO/. 17
OIlTWII aiea a1is<p7)lIaTo' EX 'Yae TOVTOU
mZIITa 'Y1'Yl/s(J";}al xa! siq aUToli mDt/1i
allaAvs(J";}al. 'oToli ~ l{;uX7), <prjfJIII, ~
~p,sTiea ane 06(J"a (J"U'YXeaTsl ~p,aq, x;]
OAOIi TOll XO(J"p,OIl 1iIlSUp,a xai ane 1iselixS/'
(Ai-ySTaI ~E (J"UIIWlIvp,wq ane xai 1iIlSUp,a).

Flpernocrasxa 0 CpO,n:HOCTH H3Meijy ,[(yIIIe y qOBeKy H caenpoacoaajyher KOC-

MHqKOr 60)KaHCTBa HeMa MHOro sese HH ca HaCTaHKOM tPH3HOJTOIIIKHX (Bapner (1.
Bypnerj), a HH Me,n:H~HHCKHX (KHpK (I: C. Knrkj) nayxa. Onaje npe csera yreverseaa
na peJTHrHjcKHM OCHOBaMa, H TO He OHHM xoje ce noaanajy na aacnehe OJIHMnHjcKor
nanreona y Xovepa, Ben OHHM xoje npananajy peJTHrHjcKHM <pepMeHTHMa KOjH cy
a<pH~HpaJIH Pa3JIHqHTe cnojese CTaHOBHHIIITBa y VI sexy rr. H. e. H KOjH cy nann non-
crpexa H CBeTOM necHHIIITBy 3HaHOM xao OP<PHqKO. 18 rJIaCHH~H rrocseheaa y HMe
Oprpeja cy y penarajcxoj c<pepH 6HJTH cyo-rena ca rrpotinexroa KOjH je y Pa3JTHqHTHM
06JIH~HMa 6HO H np06JIeM MHJIenaHa, aJIH H qHTaBe aHTHqKe <PHJT030<pMje, a TO je on-
HOC jennor H MHOIIITBa. To IIITO je AHaKcHMeHoBo HaqeJIO 6MJIO 60)KaHCKO H MCTOBpe-
MeHO qHHHJIO rsap HaIIIe nyme" rroxasyje na ce HH OH nnje 6HO rrornyno OCJI060,n:MO

17 X. )l;lInc, Tlpeocoxpamoeuu dipaeueumu I, (npes. )l;. Canonex), Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1983, CT}). 91, nap.
1)2. IToAByKao )I{. K. HeM. 1I3A. H. Diels, W.Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985,
s. 95, B2. llonsyerene pe'lll cy najsenrhe npnxsaheae xao rta cy 1I3BOpHO AHaKCliMeHOBe. Ilaaac rrocroje
HajMalhe ABa cyrrporcranrseaa rafiopa xoja nove xonrsa OKO 1I3BOpHOCTlI oaor <pparMeHTa. Pesa OKO
'1l1je ayTeHTH'lHOCTlI ce najsemhe errope cy O"u?,xeaTei (,,AplKalhe 3ajeAHO"), xOO"/kO, ("peA", "CBeT") 1I
71VeU/ka ("Aax").
18 H3 oaor UITO je ca-rysano OA AHaKCIIMeHa, BIIAII ce na je a.erosa «ocuoronaja 611na 3aCHOBaHa na
BII311jll KOCMoca xao orpouaor lKlIBor opraamaa KOjll name, re AaKJIe liMa 1I nyury. OBO roaopn Aaje
II nocnenu.a OA rpojaue n03Hal'IIX Mnnehana 6110 nOA yranajea aHIIMIICl'lI'1KIIX npencrasa, TO jeer
aHIIMIICTII'IKOr AOlKlIBJbaBalha upnpone (</',)0"1,).
19 BepOBaTHO aa AHaKCIIMeHa MlIcnll Apncroren 113pll'lynll <ppa3Y ,,11 HeKII npyrn" (xat' eTeeO( Tlve,) y
o oyutu 40Sa21-22, erroMlIlhynll )l;lIoreHa 113 Anononnje II roaopchn Aaje nyuia Ba3AYX. POC (W. D.
Ross) YCBOM KOMeHTapy osor MeCl'a, KalKe ztace OCIIM Anaxcaaeaa rrOMlIlhy jour n aueaa Anaxcarope,
Apxenaja 1I AHaKCIIMaHApa, xao II na je npesia ITnaTOHoBoM cPeooHy (96 64), OBO Cl'aHOBIIIllTe 611no
notipo n03HaTO 1I caMOM Coxpary, W. D. Ross, Aristotle DE ANIMA, Oxford 1999, p. 180.

785
 IIE.ll.AfOlllKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOHlf CaLI

OKBHpa napormor; He<pHn03o<pcKor KOHCTHTYHCaIha CBeTa, ann H jour HeWTO - ):(a je

KO):( Ihera Ben 6Hno Moryne pa3a3HaTH ananorajy H3Mefjy MaKpo H MHKpOKocMoca. 20
CynpOTHO MHWJbelhY HeKHX nananrrsnx <pHn03o<pa, KOjH, BepOBaTHO H non
Xajnerepoamr (M. Heidegger) yrnuajea, nacroje npOmaCHTH AHaKCHMaH):(pa He cano
je):(HHM 0):( naisehax npeCOKpaTCKHX <pHn030<pa yormrre, Hero H npBHM H, CBaKaKO,
Haj3Hal:fajHHjHM MHneTCKHM <pHn030<pOM,21 AHaKCHMeH je xao uocrrezm,n ,,<pHCHl:fap"
H3 semrxe rpojxe, 6HO y Ol:fHMa CBOjHX caspeaeuaxa, ann H xacnnje, MHOro yrmtajunja
nWIHOCT Hero UITO je TO 6HO AHaKCHMaH):(ap. Tlararopa je, TaKO, npHnHKOM 06nHKO-
narsa BnaCTHTe xocuonoraje amne cnenno AHaKCHMeHa Hero AHaKCHMaH):(pa. 0 AHa-
xcaropn ce roaopnno, HaKO TO no CBOj npanaun HHje Ta4HO, na je 6HO AHaKcHMeHoB
Yl:feHHK (,ZJ;K59A 1), xao H na je 6HO y 6nHcKoj Be3H ca AHaKcHMeHoBoM <pHn03o<pHjoM
(,ZJ;K59A41). AHaKCHMeH je, 3aTHM, cvarpa ce,npecyzmoYTHQao Hna .D:HoreHoBy, MHcnH
ce tra .D:HoreHa H3A nonoanje KOjH je 6HO MnafjH caspesreaax Aaaxcaropna, <pyH):(aMeH-
ranay Te3Y 0 sasnyxy xao apl{Xey csera. KOHal:fHO, rparoan AHaKcHMeHoBor YTHQaja
MOry ce npoaaha H y HeKHM KOCMonOWKHM rrornenava Jleyxana H .D:eMoKpHTa. 22
Haxo rapmsa na cy CBe craapn nacrarre 0):( aaanyxaH na ne ce CBe y Ihera BpaTHTH
Ka):( nporrazmy, MO)J(e H3rne):(aTH xao nosparax tra Tarrecoso CTaHOBHIIITe, OCHM WTO je aorta
3aMelheHa Ba3.n:yXOM, AHaKcHMeH je ):(o):(ao Hjemry 0):(pe):(6y xoja ra je Yl:fHHHna oc06eHHM
- CTBapH, no lheMY, nacrajy H3 saanyxa aa onpehena Hal:fHH: sryunsaaarsea H paspeha-
BalheM. 23 Osaj nonararc je 0):( nennxe Ba)J(HOCTH, 3aTO WTO OH yxasyje na je AHaKCHMeH,
OCHM WTO je onpemro npnpony TeMeJbHe TBapH, noxyrnao na, noxrohy sryunsaaarsa H
paapehaaarsa, rrpoaahe yHHBep3anHH KJbyl:f KOjHM he 06jacHHTH CBO nacrajan,e H rtpone-
HY. 24 OH, HapaBHO, He npenmnpa 3aIIITO ):(ona3H ):(0 aryum.aaarsa II paspehaaaa,a, OCHM
aKO He yCBOjHMO ztpyry, Ben cnOMeHYTY, Te3Y ):(a ):(0 fbera nonanr ycneztxperaisa, xoje je,
oner; aenao. AHaKCHMeH, ztaxne, HHje nocneo ):(0 rromrarsa apHCTOTenOBCKH cxsahenor
e<pHQHjeHTHOr yspoxa (0 4eMy nnure H Aernje y ,ZJ;K13E2), ann je MaKap naronecrno na,
npB06HTHOM 6HBCTBy Koje nOMe)J(H CBHM npoveaava, rpeca ):(o):(aTH H H3BOP xperarsa."
20 HaKO je H.erOBO aanaxcaae na je BroJlYX KOCMIl'lKIl eKBIlBaJleHT LlYIIIe (lKIlBOTa) Y-ioaexy ByKJIO xopene
113 npesne naponne rpanaunje II caCBIlM Moryne YTlI~aJIO na H.erOB 1f36op sasnyxa xao 61lBCTBa caera,
IIIlaK rpeua KOHCTaTOBaTIl na ce AHaKCIlMeH nuje na TOMe sanpacao, Ben Aaje OTIlIIIao 3HaTHO nan.e y
4>lln0304>cKOM npeotinaxonan.y saresenor CTaHOBIlWTa.
21 Ha-re (F. Nietzsche) nnp. AHaKClIMeHa HII He cnOMHH.e y CBOjOj Klbll3H dnmozodruja y mpaZU'IHOM
paJoo6/bYFpxa, BenjeJlHOCTaBHO HaKOH AHaKCIlMaHJlpa rrpenam na pasvarpau,e XepaKJIIlTa.
22 0 AHaKCHMeHoBoj '1yBeHocTH, H0 H.erOBOM yrnnajy y rrOTOH.IlM BpeMeHIlMa, nmne H Bapner y CBOjOj
cjajaoj KH.1l31l. J. Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, Cleveland 1962, p. 78-79, 108, 253-254, 270-
272, 339-340, 353-355. Ka.nra je rrpe rpa roztmre npesenena aa HaIII jesax. I,I. Bapaer, Paua epuea
diunosodruja (rrpes. E. Tnaropnh), 3aB.sa y1,l6. II Hac.cpen., Beorpan 2004.
23 KOrrJlCTOH (F. Copleston) CMaTpa Lla ce AHaKcHMeHoBo petuen,e np06J1eMa o6jaIIIlbaBaH.a rracrajan,a
crsapa H3 aaanyxa nouohy 3ryIIIH.aBaH.a H paspehaaan,a OAJIHKyje rennjarmourhy. cPo KorrnCTOII,
lfcmopuja qnaosoipuje Fpuxa u PUM, EHf3, Beorpan 1991, CTp. 61.
24 H6epBer (F. Ueberweg), OCHM yxen.a 0 aryunsasan.y II paspehnaan.y, narrpenax Auaiccaaeua y OAHOCy
aa uperxoznraxe BIlJlIf If Ynaeoj MorynHocTII ycnocraan.an.a ananornje 1l3Meljy saanyxa II Llywe. cPo
Ueberweg, K. Praechter, GrundrifJ der Geschichte der Philosophie 1, Berlin 1909, S. 35.
25 Ha cnasan Ha'lHH, npeana y HeIIITO MaH.e 06ropllBOM TORY, caoje mnaran,e 0 AHaKCIlMeRY 3aBpIIIaBa II
IIInmfCKH 4>Hn0304> Xyrmjau Mapnac (1.Marias). J. Marias, HistoryofPhilosophy, New York 1967, p. 15.

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 IlE,ll;ArolllKA CTBAPHOCT LIII, 9-10 (2007), HOBM Can

Zeljko Kaluderovic, M.A., Novi Sad

ANAXIMAN'S AER

Summary

The author has stated two different groups of reasons that influenced Anaximan
when he had chosen air as archeo of everything. One group of reasons has a scientific
background and the other comprises less reflected motives that belonged to the com-
mon spiritual ambiance where Anaximan and his two Miletus colleagues had lived.
Contrary to the frequently taken attitude about Anaximan's regress towards Anaxi-
mandra when talking about aer as a principle, the author notes that the attitudes of the
last Miletus make progress in comparison with his predecessors. Firstly, the evidence
for this statement could be found in his writing style - fiction, that points out his re-
treat from mythological background and an approach to rational discourse. Secondly,
Anaximan changed the original context of the word aer into its current meaning of
invisible substance that surrounds us, defining the air as something rather than nothing
and stating it as a principle. He stepped forward while defining philosophical terminol-
ogy, distinguishing notions of being and having. Obvious differences in the type and
quality are formulated through the background in distinctive quality. In addition, the
introduction of syntagm of suffocation and rarefied air that explained appearance and
change, thus, Anaximan anticipated the discovery of the source of movement or causa
efficiensa by this notion pair.
Key words: Anaximan, aer, principle, material cause, efficient cause, suffoca-
tion, rarefied air

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pyKOBO,ll,CTBOBaJICH AHaKcHMeH, BbI6HpM B03,ll,yX KaK arhea, npaHCTOqHHK scero.
Ozma rpynna HMeeT aayxnoe rrpoacxoxoreaae, a BOBTOpyIO rpynny BXOMT MeHee
npencraanennsre MOTHBbI, B03HHKaBmHe B 06I.QeH ,ll,yXOBHOM 06cTaHoBKe B KOTOpOM
anaxcmten H npyrnx nsoe H3 MHJIeTa )/(HJIH. Borrpexa qaCToMy MHeHHIO 0 perpec-
ce AHaKcHMeHa B OTHomeHHH KAHaKCHMaH,ll,py, qTO xacaercs soszryxa KaK nasana,
aarop HaCTOHI.QeH pa60TbI ,ll,yMaeT, qTO nOJIO)/(eHHH AHaKcHMeHa HBJIHIOTCH HHTeJIeK-
TYaJIbHbIM, MbICJIHTeJIbHbIM nporpeccosr no OTHomeHHIO Kero rrpenmecrsenmrxaa.
Aprysrerrrsr, nO,ll,TBep)J()J,aIOI.QHe raxoe MHeHHe HaxO,ll,HTCH, BO nepssrx, B eTO CTHJIe

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Mp )l{eJbKO KaJIy~epOBHh: AHAKCHMEHOB AER

nacanaa - np03aHqeCKOM, KOTOPbTll YKa3bTBaeT na OTKJlOHeHHe AHaKCHMeHa OT MH-

(jmQeCKoro epOHa H npH6JlH)I(eHHe paQHOHaJIbHOMY ):(HCKypCy; BO BTOPbIX, AHaKCHMeH
no HOBOMY CepOPMYJlHpOBaJI nepsoe 3HaQeHHe CJlOBa asp B ero ceronnaumee 3HaQe-
HHe HeBH):(HMoro eemecrtsa oxpyxarouieron Hac, nOHHMM B03):(yX KaK "HeQTO" a He
"HHqTO" H onpenenas ero KaK HaqaJIO; OH cnenan mar anepezt H B YTOqHeHHH epHJlO-
COepCKOll TepMHHOJlOrHH, nenas ):(HCTHHKQHIO B 3HaqeHH}J:X CYlQeCTBOBaHH}J: H xapax-
TepHCTHK; AHaKCHMeH, OqeBH):(HbIe pa3HHQbT B BH):(e HJlH sasecrae, snepasre CBeJl K
06lQeMy npOHCXO)l():(eHHIO H3 pa3HHQ KOJlHqeCTBa. K 3TOMY Hy)l(HO ):(06aBHTb H saene-
HHe CJlOBOCOqeTaHH}J: cryurenae H paspeosemre, KOTOpbTMH OH nOnbITaJIC}J: 06'b}J:CHHTb
epOpMHpoBaHHe H rrepexreay, TO ecrs, 3TOll napon nOH}J:THll AHaKCHMeH snepen onpe-
nerran OTKpbITHe HCTOqHHKa ):(BH)I(eHH}J: HJlH causa efficiensa.
Orropnste CJlOBa: AHaKCHMeH, asp, MaTepHaJIbHM npHQHHa, 3epHQHeHTHM
npannaa, crymenae, paspescenae

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