DESIGN OF BEAM

BEAM 555 (Long Span)

Design Criteria:

fc’= 21 MPa β = 0.85

fy = 275 MPa ϕ = 0.90

L = 7.0 m Concrete covering = 40 mm

Solution:

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽600 0.85(21)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑏 = = = 0.0378
𝑓𝑦 (600 + 𝑓𝑦 ) 275(600 + 275)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 = 0.75(0.0378) = 0.0284

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.0284
𝜌= = = 0.0142
2 2

𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.01(275)
𝜔= = = 0.1858
𝑓𝑐 ′ 21

Analyzed as simply supported beam:

Mu = 411.042 kN-m

Vu = 192.764 kN

Try 300 x 500 mm

Effective depth

1
d = h − [Cc + diameter of steel bar + diameter of stirrups]
2
 d = 500 − [40 + 14 + 10]

d = 436 mm

𝑀𝑐 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′𝑏𝑑2 𝜔(1 − 0.59𝜔)

= 0.90(21)(300)(4362 )(0.1858)(1 − 0.59𝑥0.1858)

= 178.30 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

Mc < Mu

178.30 kN-m < 411.042 kN-m (Double Reinforcement)

M2 = M𝑢 − M𝑐

= 411.042 − 178.30

= 232.74 kN − m

Compute for steel area required

As1 = ρbd = 0.0142(300)(436)

= 1857.36 mm2

𝑀2
As2 =
𝜙𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ )

232.74 × 106
=
0.85(275)(436 − 64)

= 2676.6009 mm2

As = As1 + As2
 = 1857.36 + 2676.6009

= 4533.9609 mm2

Determine number of bars for top support

use 28 mm ∅ bar
𝜋
4533.9609 = (282 )n; n = 7.3632886 say 8 bars
4

Check first whether compression steel yields

Assume fs = fy = fs’

T=C

As1 𝑓𝑦 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ab

1857.36(275) = 0.85(21)a(300)

a= 95.38 mm

a = βc ; 95.38 = 0.85c

c= 112.21486 mm

𝜀𝑠 𝜀𝑐
=
d−c c

𝜀𝑠 0.003
=
436 − 112.21486 112.21486

𝜀𝑠 = 8.66 × 10−3

𝜀𝑠 ′ 𝜀𝑐
=
c − d′ c

𝜀𝑠 ′ 0.003
=
112.21486 − 64 64

𝜀𝑠′ = 2.26 × 10−3

 𝑓𝑦 275
𝜀𝑦 = = = 1.38 × 10−3
𝐸𝑠 200000

𝜀𝑠 > 𝜀𝑦 ; 8.66 × 10−3 > 1.38 × 10−3 (𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔)

𝜀𝑠 ′ > 𝜀𝑦 ; 1.44 × 10−3 > 1.38 × 10−3 (𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔)

∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒇𝒔 = 𝒇𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕.

𝑨𝒔𝟐 = 𝑨𝒔′

Determine number of bars for compression

use 28 mm ∅ bar
𝜋
2676.6009 = (282 )n ; n = 4.3469 bars say 5 bars
4

Check whether compression yields using ACI specifications

0.85𝛽𝑓𝑐 ′𝑑′600
𝜌 − 𝜌′ >
𝑓𝑦 𝑑(600 − 𝑓𝑦 )

𝐴𝑠 ′ 2676.6009
𝜌′ = = = 0.0204633
𝑏𝑑 300(436)

𝐴𝑠 4533.9609
𝜌= = = 0.0346633
𝑏𝑑 300(436)

𝜌 − 𝜌′ = 0.0142

0.85𝛽𝑓𝑐 ′𝑑 ′ 600 0.85 × 0.85 × 21 × 64 × 600

= = 0.0149515
𝑓𝑦 𝑑(600 − 𝑓𝑦 ) 275 × 436(600 − 275)

0.0142 < 0.0149515

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 > 𝜌

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 + 𝜌′

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0283745 + 0.0204633

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0488379

0.0488379 > 0.0346633 (𝒐. 𝒌. )

Check for shear

Allowable shear:

1 1
V𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ bd = √21 (300)(436) = 99.9002 kN
6 6

∅V𝑐 0.85(99.9002)
= = 42.457564 kN
2 2

∅V𝑐
< Vu
2

42.457564 kN < 99.9002 𝑘𝑁 (𝑤𝑒𝑏 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑)

Use maximum requirement in ACI code for stirrups which is 10 mm ∅

Compute for the maximum spacing of 10 mm ∅ bar for stirrups

𝑉𝑢 192.764
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 99.9002 = 126.8810 kN
𝜙 0.85

A𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑
S=
V𝑠
π
A𝑣 = (102 )(2) = 157.07963 mm2
4

157.07963(275)(436)
S= = 148.44 mm say 145 mm
126.8810 (1000)
Compute for maximum spacing

d 436
S𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 218 mm say 210 mm
2 2

Use 10 mm ∅ stirrups spaced 2 at 50 mm and rest at 210 mm O.C.

Development Length

0.02𝐴𝑏 𝑓𝑦
𝐿𝑑 =
√𝑓𝑐 ′
𝜋
A𝑏 = (282 ) = 615.75216 mm2
4

0.02(615.75)(275)
𝐿𝑑 = = 739.02476 mm
√21

Ld𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.06𝑑𝑏 𝑓𝑦 = 0.06(28)(275) = 462 mm

Use 5-28 mm ∅ bar on top support

8-28 mm ∅ bar bot support

10 mm stirrups spaced @ 210mm O.C.