Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED ABSENTEEISM

1.what are the effect of absenteeism?

Student absenteeism and its effect on academic performance concerns all stakeholders in

education. Schools in Nyandarua County have recorded high levels of absenteeism in their

institutions. This study aimed at establishing the effect of absenteeism on academic and

performance of secondary school students in Nyandarua County Kenya. The target population

of the study was 3,763 students from mixed public secondary schools. All hypotheses were

tested at 95% significance level. The results indicated that student absenteeism affected

academic performance and that the level of student absenteeism mattered in a cademic

performance. It was found out that the main cause of student absenteeism was lack of school

fees. The study also observed that many student counsellors did not treat student absenteeism

as a problem requiring their intervention. The study further indicated that student age did not

affect absenteeism and self-study habits of chronic absentees did not significantly affect their

academic performance. Among the recommendations the study made included; provision of

universal and free or affordable secondary education in Kenya. Low grades-being near that

extreme of a specified range which is lowest. Laziness-Lazy students normally do not attend

classes and sleep too much. In most instances, they remain in their room watching movies and

listening to music. Peers Affect the academic performance.

2.what are the causes of absenteeism?

Lack of interest - students could be lucking interest in the study, which could be as a

result of content that Is difficult for them to grasp hence pushing them away from school.

Illness or injury. Students ditch less than you think. Yeah, I’ll be the first to admit I’ve taken the

occasional day or two off without a liable reason, but most of the time that I’m absent it’s because I’m
legitimately sick. In fact, according to USA Today (although the statistic is from 2010), 43% of absences

are due to illness or injury. Perfect example was last week - I was out all five days. Only mustered the

strength to go to school twice to deal with AP registration. I spent the entire last week dealing with a

serious allergy outbreak - hives and rashes all over my body and flaring up every other hour, high fever

raging through leaving me disoriented for a majority of the day. I spent most of my time either sleeping

or shredding my skin apart (i.e. itchy) and trying to sleep. It was a terrible week and going to school was

out of the question. As for other students , and I've had to on occasion as well, there's doctor’s

appointments (especially orthodont ist - in my experience they only schedule in the morning), common

cold, and flu. Those are all included in the 43%. I imagine other categories would indeed include

ditching, but also extracurricular events like club/organization outings, musical/theater performances

and/or competitions, and sports tournaments. Another category could be family-related business

(funerals, etc.). So yes, the main reason for absenteeism in school is (surprise!) getting sick or injured.

3.what are the preventive measures absenteeism?

The literature provides numerous recommendations to prevent and/or reduce chronic student

absenteeism. Many of these strategies have been implemented in small settings. These

programs show considerable promise. However, evidence that these programs are effective at

scale (i.e., implemented across a school corporation or across the state) remains limited. Based

on the existing research, it does not appear that any single strategy is the most effective

strategy (Maynard, et al., 2012). Broadly, the review suggests that strategies to reduce student

absenteeism generally involve some form of monitoring, prevention, intervention, and as a final

step some type o f truancy o r legal intervention. Within this broad framework research

identifies specific strategies that can be used by schools, parents, and communities to improve

student attendance. Given the limitations of the existing research, it is likely that a combination
of strategies must be leveraged to fully address student attendance issues.
These partnerships enable schools to reach students who are chronically absent, truant, or
stopped

attending school altogether.

• Attendance Monitoring. ...

• Prevention Strategies and Programs. ...

• Health-related efforts. ...

• Reducing Common Illnesses through Hand washing. ...

• Improving Respiratory Health through Improved Ventilation.

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter, deals with the research environment the participants of study and the data
gathering procedure that were used in the study .

Research Environmental

The school ILIGAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL TAMABACAN ANNEX was

the locate of the study .The school levels grade 9 was comitted absences.
 The school has 30 teachers and its headed by Mr. Apolinario C. Amolar

Figure 1. location study

The ICNHS Tambacan annex grade 9 who wre specially enrolled at ICNHS Tambacan

Annex for school year (2017-2018) were the students participants of the study .

The class was composed of 3 section are (60) male and (66) female student and was under
Ms. Vicky Origenis , Ms.Pipania ,& Ms. Pagara