Design of Composite Steel-Concrete

Structures to EC4 using Excel

Spreadsheets

Chiew Sing-Ping
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Nanyang Technological University

10 April 2015
EC4 Design Spreadsheets

Composite beam
Composite column
• Concrete-encased composite column
• Concrete-filled rectangular tube (CFT)
• Concrete-filled circular tube (CFT)

Composite slab
• Bondek II
• Powerdek
• RF55

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 How to use the spreadsheets?

Check whether spreadsheets apply to your design

Select material in designated area

Input data in designated area

Generate results

Check results

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 Example of Composite beam

How to design a simply supported composite beam

using the excel spreadsheet ?

beff

130mm hc
hp= 55 mm

ha

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Design data
Span length: 6 m, Bay width: 3 m
Slab depth: ht = 130 mm
Properties of materials
Structural steel:
Grade S275 fy = fyd = 275 N/mm2 Ea = 210 kN/mm2
Concrete:
C25/30 fck = 25 N/mm2 fcd = 16.7 N/mm2 Ecm = 3.1 kN/mm2
Reinforcement:
fsk = 500 N/mm2 fsd = 435 N/mm2
Shear connectors:
19 mm studs with 95 mm height fu = 450 N/mm2 one stud per trough
Profiled steel sheeting:
RF55 fyp = 550 N/mm2 t = 1.0 mm

Properties of the IPE A 270 steel section

bf=135 mm, ha=267 mm, tf= 8.7 mm, tw=5.5 mm, Aa= 39.2 cm2, W pl = 412.5 cm3,
Ia = 4917 cm4

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Loadings
Self-weight of slabs:

The concrete wet density is 2400 kg/m3, dry density is 2350 kg//m3. The
volume of concrete in composite slab is 0.125 m3/m2 , self-weight of
decking is 0.14 kN//m2. Then,
g k 1 =  0.125  9.81 2400+0.14   3 = 9.25 kN/m
The loadings for composite beam spacing of 3 m are given in Table
Characteristic Load (kN/m) ULS loading (kN/m)
Construction stage
Self-weight of composite slab 9.25 12.49
Self-weight of steel beam 0.3 0.41
Construction load 2.25 3.38
Total 11.8 16.27
Composite stage
Self-weight of composite slab 9.07 12.24
Self-weight of steel beam 0.3 0.42
Floor finishes 3 4.05
Imposed load 15 22.5
Total 27.37 39.19 6
Verification of construction stage
The total load in construction stage is 16.27 kN/m, then
Bending moment at mid-span is:
qL2 16.27  62
M Ed = = = 73.2 kN m
8 8
The design vertical shear is:
qL 16.27  6
VEd = = = 48.8 kN
2 2
The plastic moment resistance of steel beam is:

M pl,a,Rd =Wpl f yd  412.5  275 103  113.44 kN m

Check: Mpl,a,Rd > MEd

It is ok.

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Verification of construction stage
The total load in serviceability limit state is 9.55 kN/m, then
The maximum deflection is:
5 wL4
 = =15.61 mm
384 Ea I ay
Allowable deflection is:  = min( 1 L;30 mm)  30 mm
200

Check deflection:  <  

It is ok.
qL2 9.55  62
The mid-span bending moment is: M Ed = = = 42.98 kN m
8 8
M Ed
Maximum bending stress is  max = =116.69 N/mm 2

Wel,y
Check stress:  max  f y

It is ok.
The section is still in elastic region at the end of construction.
All design checks are OK at both the ultimate limit state and the
serviceability limit state.
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 Verification for composite stage
Cross-section classification:
235 235
= = = 0.92
fy 275
Flange: c
= 5.72 < 9 = 8.32
tf
Web:
d
= 39.93 < 72 = 66.56
tw
The flange and the web is Class 1, therefore the cross-section is Class 1

Effective width of concrete flange

Single line of shear studs, therefore, nr = 1, b0 = 0
The effective width of compression flange of the composite beam
beff = b0 + bei = 0 + 2  Le /8 = 2  6/8 =1.5 m

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The design shear resistance of headed studs
19mm headed stud, d = 19 mm, hsc = 95 mm, fu = 450 N/mm2, then,

hsc 95
= =5 > 4 so, α= 1.0
d 19

Then,
0.8 f u d 2 4 0.8  450  3.14 192 /4
PRd,1  = 10-3 =81.61 kN
V 1.25

0.29 d 2 f ck Ecm 0.29 1.0 192  25  31000

PRd.2  = 10-3 =73.73 kN
V 1.25

For sheeting with ribs transverse to the supporting beam, the reduction factor is:

0.7 b0  hsc 
kt =   1  1.2  k t max = 0.85
nr hp  hp 
The design shear resistance of headed studs is
PRd = k t,max  min(PRd1 ; PRd2 ) = 62.67 kN
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Degree of shear connection
Number of shear connectors for half span: n = 15
Total resistance of shear connectors is:
N q = nPRd  940 kN
Compression resistance of concrete slab is:
N cf = 0.85 f cd beff hc = 1593.75 kN
Tensile resistance of steel beam is
N pl,a = Aa f yd  1078 kN
Degree of shear connectors is
Nq
=  0.87  1.0 partial shear connection
min(N cf , N pl,a )
Checking the condition of minimum degree of partial shear connection
 355 
 f  
L  25m;  min  1  0.75-0.03Le  ,   0.4
 y 
Then,    min = 0.4
It is ok.
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Verification of bending resistance (plastic moment resistance)
Total loads (factored load used for ULS) is 39.19 kN/mm2
The mid-span bending moment is
M Ed = wL2 / 8 = 176.37 kNm
The design vertical shear is:
VEd = wL / 2 = 117.58 kN
As Nc,f > Npl,a, P.N.A in concrete slab.
The depth of plastic neutral xpl measured from the upper surface of the slab is
xpl = N pl,a / (beff 0.85 f cd )  50.73 mm  hc  75 mm
The moment resistance in full shear connection is
M pl,Rd = N pl,a  0.5ha  hc  hp  0.5 xpl   256.71 kNm
Plastic moment resistance of steel section is
M pl,a,Rd = Wpl f yd =113.44 kNm
Interpolation method:
The resistance moment MRd with partial shear connection is
M Rd =   M pl,Rd  M pl,a,Rd   M pl,a,Rd  238.38 kNm > M Ed
It is ok.
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Verification of vertical shear
The shear area of steel section is
Av = Aa - 2btf + (tw +2r )tf  1879.85 mm 2
The shear resistance is


Vpl,a,Rd = Av f yd / 3  = 298.5 kN > VEd
It is ok.
hw / tw =39.93  72  / = 66.56
So, verification for shear buckling is not required.

VEd / Vpl,a,Rd  0.39  0.5

So, reduction to bending resistance is not required.

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Longitudinal shear resistance
The plastic longitudinal shear stresses is
Nq
vEd = =2.09 N/mm 2
2hf L / 2
To prevent crushing of the compression struts in the concrete flange, the
following condition should be satisfied, assuming θf= 45:
  0.6 1  f ck / 250 = 0.54

vEd   f cd sin f cos f =4.5 N/mm 2

It is ok.
Continuous profiled decking with ribs perpendicular to the beam span
Asf f yd / sf  vEd hf /cotf
the area of transverse reinforcement per unit length is
Asf / sf  vEd hf /f yd cot f =360.36 mm 2 /m
The reinforcement is 10 mm bars at 200mm c/c spacing
The reinforcement provided per unit length is
As/ss= 393 mm2/m
It is ok. 14
Deflection
The modular ratio for variable loading is n0, and the modular ratio for permanent
load is around 3n0. But, for simplicity, creep will be allowed for by using n = 2n0
for all loading.
n  2n0 =2Ea /Ecm =13.55
Distance from the top surface of the concrete slab to centre of area

zg =ha /2+ht =263.5 mm

The second moment of area of the composite section is calculated. Assuming

that the neutral axis depth exceeds hc, the depth of neutral axis is given by:
beff hc  x- hc 2 
Aa  zg - x  =
n

Aa zg + beff hc2  2n 
x= =109.98 mm > h c
Aa + beff hc n

Then, the second moment of area of the section is

I = I a  Aa  zg - x  +  beff hc /n   hc2 / 12  ( x  hc / 2) 2   189 106 mm 4
2

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The mid-span deflection of steel beam is:
5 g1 L4
= = 15.61 mm
384 Ea I a

The mid-span deflection of composite beam is

5 g 2 L4
= = 11.63 mm
384 Ea I
The total deflection is:

δ = 27.24 mm

Allowable deflection is:

  =L / 200  30 mm
Check:    
It is ok.

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beam

Procedure
Check whether spreadsheets apply to you design assumptions

Select material in designated area Choose steel/concrete grade

Input data in designated area Input data

Generate result

Check results Ok or Recalculate

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Check whether the spreadsheet is applicable to your
design based on the following restrictions.

Restrictions:
 Simply-supported beam
 Internal beam
 Sheeting with ribs transverse to the
supporting beam (cross-beam)
 Equal concrete flange

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Select Material in designated area
Choose the
steel grade

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Select Material in designated area
Choose the steel
cross-section

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Select Material in designated area
Choose
concrete grade

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Input data in designated area

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Input data in designated area

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Input data in designated area

Transverse reinforcement

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams

 Generate Result

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams

 Check Result OK or Recalculate

Verification for construction stage

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
Verification for composite stage

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams

 Check Result OK or Recalculate

Ok

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Check Result OK or Recalculate

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Check Result OK or Recalculate

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Check Result OK or Recalculate

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 Spreadsheets of Composite beams
 Check Result OK or Recalculate

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Worked Example of Composite Column

bc

cy b cy

cz

tw
h hc

tf cz

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Design Data
Column length: Ly= Lz = 5.0m
Design axial force: NEd = 2500kN with permanent load NG,Ed = 1500kN
Design bending moment about y-y axis: My,Ed,top = 80 kNm, My,Ed,bot = 0 kNm
Design bending moment about z-z axis: Mz,Ed,top = 30 kNm, Mz,Ed,bot = 0 kNm

Material
Structural steel: Grade S355, 254×254 UC 89
Concrete: C25/30
Reinforcement: fsk = 500 N/mm2, 4 bars, diameter d=20mm
Shear connector: fu = 450 N/mm2, d=19mm, hsc = 95mm

Properties of cross-section:
Concrete depth: hc = 350 mm
Concrete width: bc = 350 mm
Concrete cover: c = 30 mm

Additional factors
creep coefficient φ(t0)=3
α = 0.34 for buckling curve b, α = 0.49 for buckling curve c
Ke = 0.6, Ke,II =0.5, Ko = 0.9
αc= 0.85 34
 Spreadsheets of Composite column
 Check whether the spreadsheet could apply to you
design based on assumptions

Restrictions on simplified method:

 Columns: doubly symmetrical & uniform cross section
 Steel contribution ratio 0.2 ≤ δ ≤ 0.9
 Non-dimensional slenderness
 Steel reinforcement area 0.3% ≤ As/Ac < 0.6%
 Depth to width ratio 0.2 < hc/bc <5.0
 Concrete cover minimum: 40mm
maximum: cz = 0.3hc & cy = 0.4bc

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column
 Select Material in designated area
Choose the
steel grade

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column
 Select Material in designated area Choose the steel
cross-section

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column
 Select Material in designated area

Choose
concrete grade

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column
 Input data in designated area
 Spreadsheets of Composite column

 Input data in designated area

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column

 Input data in designated area

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column

 Input data in designated area

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column

 Input data in designated area

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column

 Generate Result

 Check Result OK or Recalculate

Under Axial Compression

Under Biaxial Bending

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 Spreadsheets of Composite column

 Check Result OK or Recalculate

Shear

Shear connectors

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Worked example of Composite slab

Composite slab

Bondek II 46
Design Data
Span: L = 3.0m
Depth: ht = 130 mm
Material
Concrete: C20/25
Concrete wet density, ρwc =2400 kg/m3
Concrete dry density, ρc =2350 kg/m3
Volume of concrete vc = 0.125 m3/m2
Reinforcement: fsk = 500 N/mm2
Properties of profiled sheeting:
Depth of decking: hp = 54 mm
Yield strength: fyp=550 N/mm2 (G550)
Thickness: tp=1.0 mm
Width of Per rib: bs = 200 mm, b0 = 168 mm
Effective steel area: Ap=1678 mm2/m
Second moment of area: Ip=64.1x104mm4/m
Plastic bending resistance: Mpa=9.18 kNm/m
Distance of centroid above base: e = 15.6mm
Characteristic resistance to vertical shear: Vpa=39.5 kN/m
For resistance to longitudinal shear: m =184N/mm2, k = 0.0530N/mm2
For partial-interaction design: τu,Rd =0.2448N/mm2
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 Spreadsheets of Composite slab
 Select Material in designated area
Choose
concrete grade

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 Spreadsheets of Composite slab
 Input data

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 Spreadsheets of Composite slab
 Input data

M-k method

N/mm2

N/mm2

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 Spreadsheets of Composite slab
 Input data

mm

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 Spreadsheets of Composite slab
 Check Result

Construction stage

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 Spreadsheets of Composite slab
 Check Result

Composite stage

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