TugasBahasaInggris

DosenPengampu : Dr. Ing. Suherman, S.T., M.T.

Kelompok 8 (Kelas C KamisPagi)

AnggotaKelompok :
Lisa AdrinaPratiwi (21030117120046)
Muhammad MiftahurRahman (21030117120055)
Belly Purgito (21030117130122)
DioDwiSaputra (21030137130139)

Analytical Strategies for determination of cadmium in Brazilian vinegar samples using ET AAS

The letter from the framework

STEP 1. SITUATION : Explain the background and
above is placed at the end of
Importance of the topic
each sentence
Vinegar is a condiment used in food preparation throughout (A) Give background
theworld. Generally, vinegar is produced by the fermentation of information on the topic.
rawplant materials such as grapes, apples and sugarcane, among
others. Vinegar is primarily composed of acetic acid and ethyl (B) Explain the general
alcohol.The mineral content is derived from the plant material research
used andfrom contamination during the production process and
purpose/problem/issue
storage[A].Given the importance of vinegar in human food,
severalmethodsfor the determination of the levels of toxic
chemical elements inthis condiment have been proposed[C].A (D) Summarize previous
paper evaluated differentsample preparation procedures for the research
determination of lead concentrationsin vinegar using ICP-MS and
GFAAS (Ndung’u, Hibdon,&Flegal, 2004) [D]. Another study (E) Critically evaluate previous
determined and evaluated possiblesources of lead in vinegar methods
(Ndung’u, Hibdon, &Flegal, 2007). Amethod using stripping
chronopotentiometry was proposed fordetermination of lead, (G) Introduce and give more
cadmium, copper and zinc in commercialIranian vinegars (Saei- information about the
Dehkordi, Fallah, &Ghafari, 2012). A directmethod for the methodology
determination of lead in vinegar by ETAAS wasestablished
employing bismuth as internal standard, and thechemical
modification was performed with ruthenium as the permanent
modifier and co-injection of palladium–magnesium(de Oliveira &
Gomes Neto, 2007). Another work of the same researchgroup
used tungsten as permanent chemical modifier andco-injection of
palladium–magnesium also for direct determinationof lead in
vinegar (Oliveira, Oliveira, & Gomes Neto, 2007). In a method
proposed for the determination of cadmium and leadin vinegar
leached from pewter cups by ET AAS the chemical modification
was performed using palladium–magnesium (Dessuyet al.,
2011)[G].
STEP 2. PROBLEM CYCLE : Review and show problems
with previous research, methods, or theories in the field
The Box–Behnken design is a chemometric tool often usedfor the
optimization of analytical methods(Garcia-Rodrigues,Cela- (E) Critically evaluate previous
Torrijos,Lorenzo-Ferreira,&Carro-Diaz,2012; Khajeh, methods
2011;Kishore & Kayastha,2012;Singh et al.,2014; Zarena, (G) Introduce and give more
Sachindra,&UdayaSankar, 2012). This tool enables quadratic information about the
models showingthe critical condition (maximum, minimum or
methodology
saddle point)to be obtained (Ferreira et al., 2007)[G]. The
optimization of analyticalmethods involving two or more
chemometric responses requiresuse of multiple responses. These
multiple responses are establishedby considering the objective of
the analytical system thatis being optimized. The most common
method employed to obtainmultiple responses makes use of a
desirability function D, whereindividual response surfaces are
determined for each response(Derringer &Suich, 1980). An on-
line sequential preconcentrationsystem using chemically modified
silica was developed fordetermination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by
flame atomic absorptionspectrometry. The optimization was
performed using a multivariate methodology and a desirability
function was established(Tarley et al., 2012)[E].

STEP 3. SOLUTION : Introduce your paper as a solution to

these problems or missing areas of research

In this study, [G] two methods for determination of cadmium in (G) ntroduce and give more
vinegar using ETAAS were proposed. [H] Also a new strategy information about the
was established to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the methodology
peakprofiles obtained during the optimization step (H) Summarize your main
result