TRIGONOMETRY

WORKSHEET SOLUTIONS

8 4
FORMATIVE WORKSHEET i) sin B  
10 5
6 3
C ii) cos B  
1. We know that 1° = 10 5
180
8 4
C 3C iii) tan B  
i) 135°  135   6 3
180 4
10 5
C iv) cosec B  
ii) 360°  360  = 2pC 8 4
180
10 5
We know that C = 180° v) sec B  
6 3
C 180
iii)   30 6 3
6 6 vi) cot B  
8 4
3C 3
iv)   180  135 4 AB
4 4 4. We have, 3 cot A = 4  cot A  
3 BC
100g
We know that 1 
90
100g 500g
v) 150°  150  
90 3
100g 400g
vi) 120°  120  
90 3
C Let AB = 4k; then BC = 3k
2. We know that 1° = radians
180 By Pythagoras Theorem, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
 AC2 = (4k)2 + (3k)2 = 16k2 + 9k2 = 25k2
C   AC = 5k
 45  45   radians
180 4
BC 3k 3
 Thus, tan A   
Length of the arc (  = rq = 14  cms AB 4k 4
4
BC 3k 3
14 22 sin A   
  cms  11cms. AC 5k 5
4 7
AB 4k 4
3. By Pythagoras theorem, we have cos A   
BC2 = AB2 + AC2 = (6)2 + (8)2 = 36 + 64 = 100 AC 5k 5
2
 BC  100  10 3
1   9
4 1
1  tan A     16
2
Now, 2
9
1  tan 2 A 1   3  1
  16
4

16  9 7
  _________
(i)
16  9 25
166 9th Class Mathematics

2 2
 4 3 BR 6
and cos A – sin A      
2 2
i) tan x°  
 5 5 RS 5
16  9 7 _________ SR
  (ii) ii) In  ARS, sin y
25 25 AS
From (1) and (2), we have, AR = AB – RB = 18 – 6 = 12
1  tan 2 A AS2 = AR2 + RS2 = (12)2 + (5)2
2
 cos 2 A  sin 2 A = 144 + 25 = 169  (AS = 13)
1  tan A
SR 5
 sin y 
BC 3 AS 13
5. Here sin   
AC 4
AR 12
iii) In  ARS, cos y 
AS 13
7. Draw CE  AD

BC AC
   k  say 
3 4
 perpendicular = BC = 3K and hypotenuse =
AC = 4k
By Pythagoras Theorem, we get:
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
(4k)2 = AB2 + (3k)2
 AB2 = 16k2 – 9k2 = 7k2
In right-angled ABC,
AB = 7k AB2 + BC2 = AC2  AB2 = AC2 – BC2

cos ec2   cot 2   AB  AC2  BC2

Now L.H.S. 
sec2   1 2 2
AB  13   5   169  25  144  12
2 2
 4k   7k  AB 12
    16 7
 i cos   
 3k   3k  AC 13
 2  9 9
 4k  16
  1 1
7
 7k
9
 9 7 7
9    R.H.S.
9 3
7
6. In  BRS

(ii) CE = AB = 12 units
DE = AD – AE = AD – BC
= (14 – 5) units = 9 units
In right angled  CED,
Trigonometry 167
CD2 = CE2 + DE2
2  5   5  3 5 15 3
2 2     3      
 CD  CE 2  DE 2  12   9 3 16   4  4 24 4 4

 144  81  225  15 units 5  90  18 113

 
24 24
CE 12 4
tan     2
DE 9 3  Here, 4(sin4 30° + cos4 60°) – (sin2 60° – cos2
3
CD 15 5
 iii  cos ec     tan 2 60
CE 12 4 45°) +
Base = DE = 9 units [ ] 2
Perpendicular = CE = 12 units 2
Hypotenuse = CD = 15 units  1  4  1  4  2  3   1  2 
 4             
8. From the chart of angles, we know that tan 0° is 
 2   2   3  2   2  
zero and tan 90° is not defined.
 The trigonometric ratio satisfying the condition 2

is tan 

 3
 3 cos2 30° + sec2 30° + 2 cos 0° + 3 sin 90° – tan2 2
60° ___________ (i)
On substituting the values of various T-ratios in (i),  1 1  2 3 1 3
 4       
we get 16 16  3  4 2  2
Given expression
1 2 3  2 3
2
 3  2 
2
2
 4   
8 3 4 2
 3        2 1  3  1   3
 2   3 1 1 3 3  1  9 11
    
3 4 9 4 2 6 2 6 6
 3   2  3  3    2 12. LHS = cosec2 60°sec2 30°cos 0° sin 45° cot2 60°
4 3 4 3
tan2 60°
27  16  24 67 2
   2   2 
2 2 2
 1  1   3 
12 12     1     
 3  3  2   3   1 
2
10. Given, [cos4 30° – sin4 45°] – 3 [sin2 60° – sec2
3 4 4 1 1 3
    
1 3 3 2 3 1
45°] + cot2 30°
4 16 1
   1  8 2  R.H.S.
4 9 2 9
2  3   1  
4

     3 13. Given tan (A + B) = 1 and cos A =1

3  2   2  
   tan(A + B) = 1
2 
 3 2 2  3  AB
4
 45 (tan 45o = 1) ________ (i)
  
  2 
  2 
 4 also cos A = 1
 
 A = 0° ________ (ii) (cos 0o = 1)
2  9 1 3  3 Substituting (ii) in (i)
     3   2   0° + B = 45°  B = 45°
3 16 4   4  4
1
2 9  4  3  8  3 Hence, sin B = sin 45° 
    3  2
3  16   4  4
168 9th Class Mathematics

14. We have, tan (A + B)  3 1

1
 tan (A + B) = 60° sec   1  cos 
ii) LHS  1
 A + B = 60° ______ (i) sec   1 1
cos 
1
Also, tan (A – B)   1 
3
 sec   cos  
 A – B = 30° ______ (ii)
 tan (A – B) = 30° 1  cos 
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
 cos   1  cos   RHS
A = 45° and B = 15° 1  cos 
1  cos 
15. We know that, cos 
i) cosec2A = 1 + cot2 A 1  cos  1  cos 
 
1 1  cos  1  cos 
 2
 1  cot 2 A
sin A 1  cos  1  cos    1  cos2 
 2 2
 sin 2 A 
1 1  cos   1  cos  
1  cot 2 A
2
sin 2   sin  
1  2
   RHS
 sin A 
2
1  cos    1  cos  
1  cot A
(sin2 + cos2 = 1)
ii) Also, we know that 17. Given sec  + tan  = k _________ (i)
sec2A = 1 + tan2 A We know that, 1 + tan2 = sec2
1  sec2 – tan2 = 1
 sec 2 A  1   (sec – tan)(sec + tan) = 1
cot 2 A
1
cot 2 A  1  (sec – tan)  sec   tan  _________ (ii)
 sin A 2
 
cot 2 A
Substituting (i) in (ii), we have
2
1  cot A 1
 sec A  (sec – tan)  sec   tan 
cot A  
Also we know that,
1
 (sec – tan)  _________
(iii)
1 k
iii) tan A 
cot A 1
Adding (i) and (iii), we get, 2sec   k 
16. i) LHS = tan2 + cot2 + 2 k
= (tan2 ? + 1) + (cot2 + 1)
2 k2 1  1 
1 1    sec   cos  
cos  k  
 sec 2   cos ec 2   cos 2   sin 2 
2k
sin 2   cos2   cos   2
 k 1
sin 2  cos2 
sin 2 A cos 2 A sin 4 A  cos 4 A
1 1 1 18. i) LHS =  
  2 . 2 cos 2 A sin 2 A sin 2 A cos 2 A
2 2
sin  cos  sin  cos  2 2

(sin2 + cos2 = 1) 
 sin A    cos A 
2 2
 2sin 2 A cos 2 A  2sin 2 A cos 2 A
sin 2 A cos 2 A
= sec2 . cosec2 = RHS
Trigonometry 169

 sin 2 2
A  cos2 A   2sin 2 A cos 2 A sin 2  cos2 
 
 cos   sin   cos   sin   sin   cos  
sin 2 A cos 2 A
1  2sin 2 A cos 2 A sin 3   cos3 
 
sin 2 A cos 2 A  sin   cos   sin  cos 
1 2sin 2 A cos2 A
   sin   cos    sin 2   sin  cos   cos 2  
sin 2 A cos2 A sin 2 A cos 2 A 
 sin   cos   sin  cos 
1
 2
sin A cos 2 A
2 sin 2   sin  cos   cos 2 

= sec2 A cosec2A – 2 = RHS sin  cos 
ii) LHS = sin8 – cos8 = (sin4 )2 – (cos4 )2 [ a – b = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)]
3 3

= (sin4 – cos4)(sin4  + cos4 ) 1  sin  cos  1

= [(sin2 + cos2)2 – 2sin2 ? cos2 ?]   1
sin  cos  sin .cos 
[(sin2  + cos2 )(sin2  – cos2 )]
= (1 – 2sin2 cos2) (1) (sin2 ? – cos2 ?)  sec  cosec   1  RHS
= (sin2 – cos2) (1 – 2sin2 ? cos2 ?) = RHS 20. i) LHS = (sin + sec)2 + (cos + cosec )2
19. i) LHS = sin6 + cos6= (sin2)3 + (cos2)3 1  
2
1 
2

We have a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)   sin      cos   
 cos    sin  
= (sin2 + cos2) ×
[(sin2)2 – sin2 cos2 + (cos2)2] 2 2
 sin  cos   1   sin  cos   1 
= (sin2)2 + (cos2)2 – sin2 cos2    
[ sin2 + cos2 = 1]  cos    sin  
= (sin2)2 + (cos2)2 + 2sin2 cos2 – 3sin2 2 2

 cos2 
 sin  cos   1 
 sin  cos   1
= (sin2 + cos2)2 – 3sin2 cos2 cos 2  sin 2 
= 1 – 3sin2  cos2 = RHS 2 2
sin2 . sin  cos  1  cos2  sin cos  1
Alternative Method: 
LHS = sin6 + cos6 = (sin2)3 + (cos2)3 cos2 .sin2 
= (sin2 + cos2) – 3sin2 cos2 (sin2 + cos2) 2
 sin 2   cos 2  .sin  cos   1
[a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab(a + b)] 
= 1 – 3sin2 cos2 = RHS cos 2 .sin 2 
[ sin2 + cos2 = 1] 2
1.  sin  cos   1
tan  cot   [ sin2 + cos2 =1]
ii) LHS   cos 2 .sin 2 
1  cot  1  tan 
2 2
sin  cos   sin  cos   1   sin  cos  1 
    
 cos  sin    cos  sin  cos  sin  
 cos   sin 
cos  sin  2
1 1  1 
sin  cos   1  
 sin  cos  
sin  cos  = (1+ sec . cosec ?)2 = RHS
cos  sin  ii) LHS = (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2
 
sin   cos  cos   sin  = sin2 A + cosec2 A + 2sin A cosec A + cos2 A +
sin  cos  sec2 A + 2cos A.sec A
2sin A
sin 2  cos 2   sin 2 A  cosec 2 A  
  sin A
cos   sin   cos   sin   cos   sin  
2cos A
cos 2 A  sec2 A 
cos A
170 9th Class Mathematics

 1 1  = cosec A – cosec A + cot A = cot A

 cosec A  sin A and sec A  cos A   LHS = RHS
1 1
= sin2 A + cosec2 A + 2 + cos2 A + sec2 A + 2  
= (sin2 A + cos2 A) + cosec2 A + sec2 A + 4  cosec A  cot A  sin A
= 1 + (1 + cot2 A) + (1 + tan2 A) + 4
1 1
= 7 + cot2 A + tan2 A = RHS  
sin A  cosec A  cot A 
sin   sin  cos   cos 
21. Given  23. As sec tan = k (given)
cos   cos  sin   sin 
sec6 – tan6 can be expressed as,
 sin   sin   sin   sin     cos   cos   cos   cos  

(sec2)3 – (tan2)3 is of form (a3 – b3)
 cos   cos   sin   sin   But a3 – b3 = (a – b)3 + 3ab(a – b)
 sec6 – tan6 = (sec2 )3 – (tan2)3
 sin  2   sin  2    cos   2   cos  2  = (sec2 – tan2)3 + 3(sec2 tan2)(sec2 – tan2)
   
But we know that
 cos   cos  sin   sin  
 sec2 – tan2 = 1 ___________ (i)
sin 2   sin 2   cos 2   cos 2  Using (1) we get,
 sec6 – tan6 = 1 + 3(sec  tan )2(1)
 cos   cos   sin   sin   = 1 + 3(k)2.1 ( sec tan = k)
 sec6 – tan6 = 1 + 3k2

 sin 2
  cos 2     sin 2   cos 2  
24. 3 sin + 4 cos = 5 ________ (i)
 cos   cos  sin   sin   3sin  4cos 
Dividing (1) by cos , we get  5
11 cos  cos 
 0  3 tan  + 4 = 5 sec 
 cos   cos  sin   sin  
Now squaring both the sides we get,
 sin 2   cos2   1 (3 tan  + 4)2 = (5 sec )2
 9 tan2  + 24 tan  + 16
22. We know that 1 + cot2 A = cosec2A = 25 sec2  = 25 (1 + tan2 )
 cosec2A – cot2A = 1  9 tan2  + 24 tan  + 16 = 25 + 25 tan2 
1  16 tan2  – 24 tan  + 9 = 0
 cosec A – cot A  cosecA  cot A _____
(i)
3
 (4 tan  – 3)2 = 0  tan   ,
1 4
 cosec A + cot A  cosecA  cot A _____ (ii) opp 3
But tan  = adj  4
1 1
L.H.S    opp = 3, adj = 4 and hence hyp = 5
cosecA  cot A sin A
opp 3
1  sin   
  cosec A  cot A   hyp 5
sin A (from equation (ii))
25. Sin267° + sin223° = cos2(90° – 67°) + sin223°
= cosec A + cot A – cosec A [ sin  = cos(90° – )]
 1  = cos2 23° + sin2 23°=1
 sin A  cosecA  3sin 62 sec 42
  26. i) 
= cot A cos 28 cosec 48

1 1 3sin  90  28  sec  90  48 

 R.H.S    
sin A cosecA  cot A cos 28 cosec 48

1 3cos 28 cosec 48

  cosec A  cot A (from equation (1))   =3–1=2
sin A cos 28 cosec 48
Trigonometry 171
29. i) LHS = sin 1°. sin 2°. sin 3°… sin 180°
tan 50  sec50
ii)  cos 40.cosec50 = sin 1°. sin 2°. sin 3° …. × sin180°
cot 40  cosec 40 = 0 = RHS
ii) RHS= tan 1° tan 2° tan 3°… tan 89°
tan  90  40   sec  90  40 
 = tan (90° – 89°) tan (90° – 88°) tan
cot 40  cosec 40 (90° – 87°)… tan 87° tan 88° tan 89°
 cos 40 cosec  90  40  = cot 89° cot 88° cot 87° … tan 87°
tan 88° tan 89°...(cot 44° tan 44°).
 cot 40  cosec 40  tan45°
   cos 40 .sec 40 = 1 × 1 × 1 . . . × 1 = 1 = RHS
 cot 40  cosec 40  [ cot  tan  = 1 and tan 45° =1]
 tan  90     cot , sec  90    30. i) sin 75° = sin(45°+30°)
= sin 45° cos 30° + cos 45° sin 30°
 cosec ,cosec  90     sec  = 1 + 1 = 2
1 3 1 1 3 1
 .  . 
sec70 sin 59 2 2 2 2 2 2
27. i) cosec 20  cos31
ii) cos 75° = cos(45°+30°)
= cos 45° cos 30° – sin 45° sin 30°
sec  90  20  sin  90  31 
  1 3 1 1 3 1
cosec 20 cos31   
2 2 22 2 2
cosec 20 cos31
 
cosec 20 cos31 = 1 + 1 = 2 iii) tan 75 
sin 75
cos 75
cos 70 cos55.cosec35
ii)  2
sin 20 tan 5 tan 25 tan 45 tan 65 tan 85

3 1

 3 1   2 3

cos  90  20  3 1  3 1 3 1 
sin 20
1 1
iv) cot 75   2 3
cos  90  35  .cosec35 tan 75 2  3

tan 5 tan 25.1.tan  90  25  .tan  90  5  ( by rationalization)
0 0
1  1  1
sin 35 31. Put A   52  and B   22  , we get :
sin 20 sin 35  2  2
 
sin 20 tan 5 tan 25.cot 25.cot 5  1
0
 1
0

sin 2  52   sin 2  22 
( tan  . cot  = 1)  2   2
=1+1=2 We have:
28. sin(50° + ) – cos(40° – ) + tan 1° tan 10° tan 20° sin2 A – sin2 B = sin (A + B) sin (A – B)
tan 70° tan 80° tan 89°.
= sin(90° – 40° + ) – cos(40° – ) + tan 1° tan  1 1  1 1
 sin  52  22  sin  52  22 
10° tan 20° .tan(90° – 20°). tan(90° – 10°) tan (90° – 1°).  2 2  2 2
= sin[90° – (40° – )] – cos(40° – ) + tan 1°. tan = sin 75° . sin30°
10°. tan 20°. cot 20°. cot 10°. cot 1°
[ tan (90° – ) = cot  ] 3 1 1 3 1
 .  .
= cos(40° – ) – cos(40° – ) + tan 1° tan 10° 2 2 2 4 2
1 1 1 3 1
tan20° tan 20 . tan10 . tan1 (We have sin75° = from problem  22)
2 2
[ tan . cot = 1 sin(90° – ) = cot  ]
= 0 + 1.1.1 = 1.
172 9th Class Mathematics
32. i) A + B = 45° 35. Maximum value of (a sin  and b cos  )
 tan (A + B) = 45° = 1 = maximum value of ‘a sin ’ + max. value of ‘b
tan A  tan B cos  ’.
 1
1  tan A tan B The maximum value of sin  is 1 and the maximum
 tan A + tan B = 1 – tan A tan B value of cos  is also 1.
 tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 1  Maximum value of (a sin  + b cos  )
Adding 1 on both the sides
= a.1 + b.1 = a + b
Then tanA + tan B + tanA × tanB + 1 = 1 + 1
36. AC and BDC = 30°
= 1 + tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 2
= (1 + tan A)(1 + tan B) = 2,
ii) A + B = 45°
 cot (A + B) = cot 45° = 1
cot A cot B
 1
cot B  cot A
 cot A cot B – 1 = cot A + cot B
 cot A cot B – cot A – cot B = 1_______ (ii)
Now, (cot A – 1) (cot B – 1)
Adding 1 on both the sides  ADB = 30° ( CDA = 60°)
= cot A cot B – cot A – cot B + 1 = 2 (from(ii))
BC
33. No. Sin  never exceeds 1 From BCD , Tan 30 
We know, from the definition x

opposite side x
Sin    BC = x tan 30°  _____
(i)
hypotenuse 3
In a right angled triangle the longest side is from ACD .
hypotenuse. Hence the opposite side is always less AC AC
than hypotenuse. Tan 60   3
x x
 Sin is less than ‘1’ but Sin = 1 at the limiting
situation when opposite side is equal to  AC  x 3  AB  BC  x 3
hypotenuse.
x 2x
34. Given that sin  > cos   AB  x 3   AB 
Dividing the equation with cos  on both sides, we 3 3
have, The ratio of the two segments AB and BC of the
stick is AB : BC
sin  cos 

cos  cos   tan  > 1 
2x x
: [from (1) and (2)]
We know that, tan  > 1 3 3
When  > 45° and also tan 90° =  =2:1
37. Let x be the height of the tower
 
Hence   and  
4 2
It implies that tan  is greater than 1 between 45°
to 90°.
 
  lies between and
4 2
 

i.e.,
4 2
 (b) is the correct answer.
Length of the shadow BC = 8 cm
Trigonometry 173

Let C    F   39. In the given problem the height of the tower is equal
[Direction of sun is the same in both cases]. to its shadow.

AB 10
In  ABC, tan   
BC 8
DE
In  DEF, tan  
EF
10 x
   8x = 300
8 30
300
 x m  37.5 m i.e., AB = BC = 20m.
8
38. Height of the tree AB = 15 m AB 20
From ABC , tan    1
It broke at C. Its top A touches the ground at D. BC 20
   45 ( tan45° = 1)
Let the shadow of the tower after the sunrise of
15° be ‘x’.
In ABD , D = (  + 15°)
  + 15° = 45° + 15° = 60°
AB 20
 tan 60  
BD x
20 20
 x 
tan 60 3
Now, AC = CD, BDC = 60° The length of the shadow when the sun rises by
Let BC = x
20
AC = AB – BC 15 
 AC = 15 – x 3
 CD = 15 – x [  AC = CD] decrease in length of the shadow =
BC 20  3 1 
In right angled CBD , sin 60  20   20  
CD 3  3 
3 x 40. Let E be the position of the jet seen first time from
 
2 15  x A, and C be the position of the jet seen after 15
sec. EAB = 60° and CAB = 30°.
 2x  15  x  3

 2x  15 3  3x
 2x  3x  15 3

15 3 15 3 2 3
 x  x 
2 3 2 3 2 3
Height of the jet = ED = 1500 3 m;
30 3  15  3 30  1.73  45
 x  x
43 1 BC = ED = 1500 3 m.
51.9  45 BC
 x  x = 6.9 m In right angled ABC, tan CAB 
1 AB
Hence, the tree broke at the height of 6.9 m.
BC 1 1500 3
 tan 30   
AB 3 AB
174 9th Class Mathematics
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get:
 AB  1500 3  3  4500 m
In right-angled  ADE, x 192  y 3 12 192  y 9
    
y x 4 5 y 5
ED
tan EAD   9y = 5 (192 + y)  9y = 960 + 5y
AD
 9y – 5y = 960  4y = 960
ED 1500 3  y = 240 m
 tan 60   3
AD AD Putting the value of y in (i), we get

1500 3 x 3
 AD   4x = 720  x = 180
 3AD  1500 3 240 4
3
Hence, height of the tower = 180 m
 AD = 1500
42. Let AB be the shipmast = 150mts.
 Distance travelled in 15 sec
Let B be the point of observation.
= EC = DB = AB – AD = 4500 – 1500 = 3000 m
Let C be the position of the boat.
Dis tan ce 3000 Draw BD horizontal through B, the point of
Speed   m / s  200 m / s
Time 15 observation.
3600
Speed in km / hr  200  km / hr =720 km/hr..
1000
Hence, the speed of the jet = 720 km/hr.
41. Suppose height of the tower CD = x m
Let A and B be the points of observations.
And distance BC = y m. From figure, we note that DBC = BCA
(alternate angles) and AC is the distance of the
5 3
tan A  , tan B  boat from the ship.
12 4
AB 150
CD x 3 From  ABC, tan 45° = 1  
tan B    ______
(i) AC AC
BC y 4  AC = 150 mts.
43. Let AB be the hill of height h km.

Again in right-angled  ACD,

CD CD Let C and D be two stones due east of the hill at a
tan A    tan A distance of 1 km from each other such that the
AC AB  BC
angles of depression of C and D be 45° and 30°
x 5 respectively.
  ______
(ii)
192  y 12 Let AC = x km.
In  CAB, we have
AB
tan 45 
AC
h
1   h = x _____ (i)
x
In  DAB, we have
AB 1 h
tan 30   
AD 3 x 1
Trigonometry 175

 3h  x  1 _____ (ii) 3t  t  12

Substituting the value of x from equation (i) in
3 t  t  12
equation (ii), we get
3h  h  1 t  
3  1  12

h  
3 1  1
12 12  
3 1
t 
1 
3 1 3 1  3  1 3  1
h
3 1  3 1  3 1  t  6  3  1 = 16.39 minutes
3  1 2.73 [ 0.39 minutes = 0.39 × 60 seconds]
h  = 1.365
2 2 Thus, the car will reach the tower from D in 16
Hence, the height of the hill is 1.365 km. minutes and 23 seconds.
44. Let AB be the tower of height h metres. 45. Let the aeroplane be at B and let the two ships be
at C and D such that their angles of depression
from B are 30° and 60° respectively.

Let C be the initial position of the car and let after

12 minutes the car be at D.
It is given that the angles of depression at C and D
are 30° and 45° respectively. We have, AB = 1200 metres.
Let the speed of the car be  metre per minute. Let AC = x and CD = y.
Then, In  CAB, we have
CD = Distance travelled by the car in 12 minutes. AB
tan 60 
 CD = 12  metres CA
[ Distance = speed × time]
Suppose the car takes t minutes to reach the tower 1200
 3
AB from D. Then, DA = t metres. x
In  DAB, we have 1200
x
tan 45 
AB 3  400 3
AD In  BAD, we have
h AB
1  tan 30 
t AD
 h =  t ________ (i)
1 1200
In  CAB, we have  
3 xy
AB
tan 30 
AC  x  y  1200 3
1 h  y  1200 3  x
  ;
3 t  12  y  1200 3  400 3  800 3
________
 3h  t  12 (ii)  800 × 1.732 = 1385.6
Substituting the value of h in equation (ii), we get Hence, the distance between the two ships is 1385.6
metres.
176 9th Class Mathematics

CONCEPTIVE WORKSHEET sin  3/ 5 3 4 12

and,    
sec  5 / 4 5 25 25
180o
1. a) We know that 1 radian = tan  sin 
  2

1  tan  sec 
 180o =  radians
By dividing both sides by 2, we get: cos   sin 
4. Given
 cos   sin 
90o = radians
2 Dividing numerator and denominator by cos 
b) 180o =  radians
cos   sin  cos  sin 
120o = ? 
cos   sin  cos 
   cos  cos 
120o   2 cos   sin  cos   sin  cos   sin 
  radians
180o 3 cos  cos  cos 
2. a)  radians = 180o
a
2 2  180 1
   120o 1  tan  b  a
3 3  
1  tan  1  a  tan   
b)  radians = 180o  b
b
 180
   90o
2 2 ba
ba
3. We have,  b 
ba ba
Hypotenuse 5
sec    b
Base 4
So, we draw a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B cos   sin  b  a
 
such that BAC   , Base = AB = 4 and cos   sin  b  a
Hypotenuse = AC = 5.
1
C 5. We have, tan A 
3

5 BC 1
3  AB 
3
  Let BC be x
A B
4  AB  3 x
By Pythagoras theorem, we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Using Pythagoras theorem in  ABC , we have
 52 = 42 + BC2 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
 BC2 = 25 – 16 = 9  BC = 3 C
BC 3 BC 3
 tan    and sin   
AB 4 AC 5
1
3 3 3
tan  4 4
2
 2
  4 A B
Now, 1  tan  3 9 16  9 3x
1    1  16 16
4 2
 AC 2   3x   x2
3  AC2 = 4x2
3 16 12
 4     AC = 2x
25 4 25 25
16
Trigonometry 177

2 2
BC x 1 2  1   2 
Now, sin A   
AC 2x 2
 3  4
 2
  3 
 3
  2  0
2


7 2

cos A 
AB

3x

3 2 2  3 2 
3
3  
AC 2x 2
AB 3x 3 1 4
sin C    3  4   3  0
2 3 3 2  4 9
AC 2x 2    3
7 10  7 3
BC x 1 4  6  3
cosC    3
AC 2x 2 8. We have,
i) We have, sin A cos C + cos A sin C 2(cos2 45° + tan2 60°) – 6(sin2 45°– tan2 30°)
1 1 3 3 1 3  1  2 2
2 2
      1   1   1  
2 2 2 2 4 4  2     3   6     
ii) We have, cos A cos C – sin A sin C  2    2   3  

3 1 1 3 1   1 1  1 6   3  2 
    0  2   3  6    2   6 
2 2 2 2 2   2 3  2   6 
6. We have,
7 1
4  2   6   7 1  6
5 tan   4  tan   2 6
5
tan A  tan B
5sin   3 cos  9. tan  A  B 
Now, 5sin   2 cos 
1  tan A tan B
On substituting A = 45° and B = 30°, we get
tan 75° = tan (45° + 30°)
5sin   3 cos 
cos  1 3 1
 1
5sin   2 cos  [Dividing Nr and Dr by cos  ] tan A  tan B
  3  3
cos  1  tan A tan B 1  1 1 3 1
3 3
5sin  3 cos 

cos  cos  5tan   3 3 1 3 1
   
5sin  2 cos  5tan   2
 3 1 3 1
cos  cos  2


 3 1  
3 1  2 3 4  2 3
  2 3
 3 1 2 2
5  3
 5  4
  tan   5  5cos 2 60  4sec 2 30  tan 2 45
5  2 10. We have,
5 sin 2 30  cos 2 30
2 2
43 1 1  2  2
  5   4    1
42 6 2  3
 2
2
7. Given: 1  3 
   
tan 2 60  4cos2 45  3cosec2 60  2cos 2 90 2  2 
__(i)
7
2cosec30°+3sec60°  cot 2 30 5 16 15  64  12 67
3  1
67
On substituting the values of various T-ratios in (i), 4 3  12  12 
1 3 1 3 4 12
we get 
given expression 4 4 4 4
178 9th Class Mathematics
11. sin (A + B) = 1 14. i) tan 15° tan 20° tan 70° tan 75°
 sin (A + B) = sin 90° = tan 15° tan 20° tan (90° – 20°) tan (90° – 15°)
 A + B = 90° ––––––– (1) = tan 15° tan 20° cot 20° cot 15°
3  1  1 
And, cos  A  B   = tan 15° tan 20°  tan 20  tan15  = 1
2   
 cos (A – B) = cos 30° ii) tan 7°. tan 23°. tan 60°. tan 67°. tan 83°
 A – B = 30° ––––––– (2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get = tan 7°.tan 23°. 3 . tan(90° – 23°).tan(90°– 7°)
(A + B) + (A – B) = 90° + 30°  tan 60  3 
 2A = 120°  A = 60°  
Putting A = 60° in (1), we get 60° + B = 90° = tan 7°.tan 23°. 3 .cot 23°. cot 7°
 B = 30°
Hence, A = 60°, B = 30°  tan  90     cot 
3sin 62 sec 42 1 1
12. i) cos 28  cos ec 48 = tan 7°.tan 23°. 3 . tan 23 . tan 7  3

3sin  90  28  sec  90  48  2 2

15. i) L.H.S = sec   cosec 
 
cos 28 cosec 48
1 1 sin 2   cos 2 
  
3cos 28 cosec 48 cos 2  sin 2  cos 2 .sin 2 
   3 1  2
cos 28 cosec 48 1 1 1
 2 2
 2
. 2
cos .sin  cos  sin 
cot 40 1  cos35 
ii) tan 50  2  sin 55   sec 2   cosec 2  = R.H.S
 
1  sin  cos 
cot  90  50  1 cos  90  55  ii) L.H.S = 
  cos  1  sin 
tan 50 2 sin 55 2
1  sin    cos 2 
tan 50 1 sin 55 1 1 
  1  cos  1  sin  
tan 50 2 sin 55 2 2
1  sin 2   2sin   cos 2 
cos 80 
13. i) sin10  cos59 cosec31 cos  1  sin  

cos  90  10  1   sin 2   cos2    2sin 

  cos  90  31  .cosec 31 
sin10 cos  1  sin  

sin10 1 1  1  2sin 
  sin 31 11  2 
cos  1  sin   
sin10 sin 31 sin 2   cos 2   1

cos 35 sin 11 2  2sin  2 1  sin  

ii)   cos 28 cosec62  
sin 55 cos 79 cos  1  sin   cos  1  sin  
cos  90  55  sin  90  79  2
    2sec   R.H.S
sin 55 cos79 cos 
 cos  90  62  .cosec 62 16. i) L.H.S = (1+ tan A tan B)2 + (tan A – tan B)2
= 1+ tan2 A tan2 B + 2 tan A tan B + tan2 A + tan2
sin 55 cos 79 1
   sin 62 B – 2 tan A tan B
sin 55 cos 79 sin 62 = 1 + tan2 A + tan2 A tan2 B+ tan2 B
=1+1–1=1 = sec2 A + tan2 B (tan2 A + 1)
Trigonometry 179
= sec2 A + tan2 B sec2 A 2 2
19. We know that cosec   cot   1
= sec2 A(1 +tan2 B) = sec2 A sec2 B = R.H.S
 (cosec  – cot  )(cosec  + cot  ) = 1
sin 2 A  sin 2 B 1
ii) R.H.S 
cos 2 A.cos 2 B  cosec  – cot  
cosec   cot 
sin 2 A sin 2 B Let cosec  + cot  = p –––––––– (1)
 
cos 2 A.cos2 B cos 2 A cos 2 B
1
= tan2 A sec2 B – tan2 B sec2 A then cosec  – cot  = –––––––– (2)
= tan2 A(1+ tan2 B) – tan2 B(1+tan2 A)
p
= tan2 A + tan2 A tan2 B = tan2 B – tan2 Btan2A
cot  cosec  1  cot  cosec  1
= tan2 A – tan2 B = L.H.S  –(3)
17. L.H.S. = sec4A – sec2A= sec2A (sec2A – 1) cot  cosec  1  cosec   cot    1
We know that modified version of trigonometric Substituting the values (1) and (2) in (3),
We have,
identity sec 2   tan 2   1 is:
sec2   1  tan 2  –––––– (1) cot   cosec   1

 p  1
cot  cosec   1  1 
   1
2 2
and sec   1  tan  –––––– (2)
L.H.S. = sec2 A(sec2 A – 1)  p
Applying (1) to second factor of L.H.S., we have,  p  1 p  p  1
L.H.S. = (1 + tan2 A) tan2 A    p  cosec   cot 
= tan2 A + tan4 A = R.H.S.
1
1  
 p  1
 L.H.S = R.H.S. p
 sec4A – sec2A = tan2A + tan4A 1 cos  1  cos 
    R.H.S
cos A sin B sin  sin  sin 

cot A  tan B sin A cos B Cot  cos ec  1 1  cos 
18. i) L.H.S.    
cot B  tan A cos B  sin A Cot  cos ec  1 sin 
sin B cos A 20. R.H.S. = (1 + 2 sin  )2
cos A cos B  sin A sin B 1  sin 
 (1  4sin 2   4sin ) 
sin A cos B 1  sin 

cos A cos B  sin A sin B 1  4sin 2   4sin   sin   4sin    4sin 2 
sin B cos A 
1  sin 
cos Acos B  sin Asin B 1  3sin   4sin 3 
    L.H.S.
sin A cos B 1  sin 
21. sin6  + cos6  can be expressed as,
sin B cos A
(sin2  )3 + (cos2  )3 which is of the form a3 + b3
cos Acos B  sin Asin B
where a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b)
sin B cos A  cos A  sin B   sin6  + cos6  = (sin2  )3 + (cos2  )3
    = (sin2  + cos2  ) – 3(sin2  .cos2  )
sin A cos B  sin A  cos B 
(sin2  + cos2  )
= cot A tan B = R.H.S.
= 1 – 3 sin  .cos  (1) ( sin2  + cos2  = 1)
3 2 2

sin  1  cos  = 1 – 3 sin2  .cos2 

ii) L.H.S  
1  cos  1  cos  Given sin6  + cos6  = k
sin   sin  cos  sin   sin  cos   sin6  + cos6  = 1 – 3 sin2  . cos2  = k or
 
1  cos 2  sin 2  3 sin2  .cos2  = 1 – k
1 cos  1 k 1 k
   cosec   cot   R.H.S.  sin2  .cos2    sin  cos  
sin  sin  3 3
180 9th Class Mathematics
27. = log (tan 10.tan 20. tan30..... tan880.tan890)
22.  
sin2  4 + sin2
= log  tan1 .tan 89  tan 2 .tan 88 
0 0 0 0

 3 4  +sin  5 4  +sin  7 4 
2 2

...  tan 450  

  + sin     4 
= sin2  4 2

+ sin2    4  
= log  tan1 .tan  90  1
0 0

+ sin  2    4 
2
 tan 2 .tan 90
0 0

 2  .... tan 450  

 
= sin 2  4 + sin 2  4  
+ sin 2  4 = log [  tan1 .cot1
0 0
  tan 2 .cot 2 
0 0

+ sin   4 
2 .... tan 450  

1 = log 1.1.1.........1 = log 1 = 0

 
= 4.sin2  4 = 4. = 2.
2 28. cos2 A – cos A sin A + sin2A + cos2 A + cos A sin
23. th
'A' lies in 4 quadrant. A + sin2A
Therefore x > 0 & y < 0. 2(cos2A + sin2A) = 2(1) = 2
29. '0'
24 x 30. sec  + tan  = a
we know that cot A =  (Let)
7 y we know (sec  +tan  )(sec  –tan  ) = 1.
 r= 576  49  625 = 25 ( sec2  –tan2  =1)
1
x 24  sec  –tan  =
 cos A = y  25 a
1
24 If sin  + cos  =0 and  is not in the fourth Subracting these results, 2tan  = a–
a
quadrant, find sin  and cos  .s
25. sin  = – cos 
a 2
 1
 tan  =
2a
sin  31. sin  + sin  +sin3  =1
2
 cos  = –1
sin  +sin3  =(1–sin2  ) = cos2 
 tan  = –1 sin  +(1+sin2  ) = cos2 
As   Q4 sin  (2– cos2  )= cos2 
   Q2 sin2  (2–cos2  )2 = cos4 
(1–cos2  )(4–4cos2  +cos4  ) = cos4 
  is obtuse >  2  cos6  – cos4  + 8cos2  = 4.
Tan  = tan (900 + x) = – cos x = –1 (given) 32. cos6  [cos6  +3.cps4  +3cos4  +1] –1
 cot x = 1  x = 450 cos6  [cos2  +1]3 –1

  = 90+ 450 = 1350 Given sin  +sin2  =1  sin  =cos2 

 cos2  [cos2  +1]3–1
     
26. sin 1.  sin  2.  sin  3.  = sin3  [sin  +1]3–1
 4  4  4
= sin3  [sin3  +3sin2  +3sin  +1]–1
  = [sin6  +3sin6  +3sin4  +sin3  ]–1
sin  4. 4  .........  = 0 = (sin2  + sin  )3 – 1

sin 0 =0
Trigonometry 181
33. It is given that, a sin2 θ cos 2 θ
tan  =  tan2 θ = i.e., 
sin θ.cosθ b a b
2
tan  = sin  cos  x1 y1 x1y1
Using properties of ratios, x  y  x y
 sin  = cos2  2 2 2 2
Now,
sin2 θ cos2 θ
2–4sin2  + 3sin4  – sin6   
a b
= (1–sin2  ) + 1–3sin2  +3sin4  – sin6 
sin2 θ+cos 2 θ
= (1–sin2  ) + (1–sin|2  ) =
a+b
= cos2  + cos6 
1
= cos2  +sin2  =
a b
( sin  = cos3   cos6  = sin7  ) a b
=1  sin2 θ = ; cos2 θ =
a b a b
34. We know that – 1  sin   1 and –1  cos   1.
sin8 θ cos 8 θ
i) We have, 
  a3 b3
 0  sin2   1 & 0  cos2   1. 1 4 1 4
3 
If 0 < a  1 then a  an. for n  N and n > 1. = sin2 θ   3  cos 2 θ  .
a b
 sin14  = (sin2  )7  sin2  4 4
1  a  1  b 
20 2
cos  = (cos  )  cos  10 2 = 3    3 
a a  b  b a b 
 sin14  +cos20   sin2  +cos2 
a b
 sin14  +cos20   1 = a b 4  a b 4
   
 x 1
Now, sin14  +cos20  > 0 for all '  ' a b 1
 4
 3
i.e., x > 0 a  b  a  b 
 0 < x 1 ii) We have,
35. We have, 2n 2n
sin 4n θ cos4 n θ  sin θ   cos θ 
2 2
4 4
sin θ cos θ 1 = 2n-1  2n-1  
  a b a 2 n 1 b 2n 1
a b a b
 sin4 θ cos 4 θ 
 (a+b)  a  b  = 1 2n 2n
  1  a  1  b 
= 2n 1    2n 1  
 sin4 θ cos 4 θ 
a  a  b  b  a  b 
 (a+b)  a  2 2
b  = (sin θ + cos θ )

 a b
= 2n
 2n
b a  b a  b
sin θ + cos θ + cos4 θ = sin4 θ +cos4 θ +
4 4
a
ab 1
2 2
2sin θ cos θ = 2n
 2 n 1
a  b a  b
b 4 a
 sin θ + cos4 θ – 2sin2 θ cos2 θ = 0 36. Dividing given throughout by tan2  tan2 β tan2 
a b
 2+cot2  +cot2  +cot2 β =cot2  +cot2 β +cot2 
 b a 
 sin2 θ  cos 2 θ  = 0  2+ cosec2  –1 + cosec2  –1 + cosec2 β – 1
 a b 
= (cosec2  –1)(cosec2 β – 1)(cosec2  –1)
b a cosec2  +cosec2 β +cosec2  –1
 sin2 θ  cos 2 θ
a b
182 9th Class Mathematics

= cosec2  cosec2 β cosec2  – Now, AM = BD = 140 m, CAM  30

cosec2  cosec2 β – cosec2 β cosec2  – (  alternate angles)
In right-angled  AMC
cosec2  cosec2 
+ cosec2  +cosec2 β +cosec2  –1 CM
tan CAM 
 cosec2  +cosec2 β +cosec2  = AM

cosec2  cosec2 β +cosec2 β +cosec2  CM

 tan 30 
+cosec2  cosec2  AM
Now dividing on bothsides by 1 CM
 
cosec2  cosec2 β cosec2  we have, 3 140
1 = sin2  sin2 β sin2   3 CM  140
37. i)We have, Tn = sinn θ + cos2 θ
 Tn+2 = sin θ + cosn+2 θ
n+2 140
 CM   80.83 m
Now, (Tn – Tn+2) = (sinn θ + cosn θ ) 3
– (sinn+2 θ + cosn+2 θ )  Height of the second tower CD = CM + MD
= sinn θ (1–sin2 θ ) + cosn θ (1–cos2 θ ) = 80.83 m + 60 m = 140.83 m
= sinn θ cos2 θ +cosn θ sin2 θ 39. Let OQ be the tower and P be the position of the
=sin2 θ cos2 θ (sinn–2 θ +cosn–2 θ ) ball lying on the ground. Then, OQ = 20 m and
= sin2 θ cos2 θ Tn–2 POX  60  OPQ .
Let PQ = x metres.
Tn  Tn 2
 Tn 2 = sin2 θ cos2 θ  n  2, n  N.

T3  T5 T5  T7
 Putting n = 3, 5we get, 
T1 T3
ii) We have, 2T6 – 3T4+1
= 2T6 – 3T4+ T2
( sin2 θ +cos2 θ =1)
= 2T6 – 2T4– T4+T2
= 2(T6 – T4)– (T4+T2) OQ
 In right angled  PQO , tan 60  PQ
= 2(T4 – T6)+ (T2+T4)
= – 2T6sin2 θ cos2 θ +T0sin2 θ cos2 θ
20
= – 2T3sin2 θ cos2 θ +2sin2 θ cos2 θ  3  3x  20
x
( T0 = sin0 θ +cos0 θ =1+1 = 2) 20 20
 x   11.55 m
38. The height of the 1st tower AB = 60 m 3 1.732
Let the height of the second tower CD = h m 40. Height of the tree AB = 15 m
Distance BD = 140 m In broke at C. Its top A touches the ground at D.
Trigonometry 183

Now, AC = CD, BDC  60 C

Let BC = x
AC =AB – BC
 AC = 15 – x
 CD = 15 – x  AC  CD
A B
BC By Pythagores theorem, we have
In right-angled  CBD, sin 60 
CD AC2 = AB2 + BC2
2


3

x
 2x  15  x  3
  2x   x 2  BC 2
2 15  x
 BC2 = 2x2 – x2 = x2
 2x  15 3  3x  2x  3x  15 3  BC = x

15 3 15 3 2 3 BC x
 x  x   tan A   1
2 3 2 3 2 3 AB x
i) We have,
30 3  15  3 30  1.72  45
 x  x 2 tan A 2 1 2
43 1   1
1  tan 2 A 1  12 2
51.9  45 ii) We have,
 x  x = 6.9 m
1 2 tan A 2 1 2
Hence, the tree broke at the height of 6.9 m. 2
  , which is undefined.
1  tan A 1  1 0
SUMMATIVE WORKSHEET 4. We have,
2sin  cos 
180
1. a) We know that 1 radian = cos2   sin 2 

o
 180 =  radians 2sin  cos 
180o =  radians  cos 2 
2
100o = ? cos   sin 2  [Dividing Nr and Dr by cos  ]
2

100o   5 cos 2 
  radians [Where Nr - Numerator; Dr - Denominator]
180o 9
b) 180o =  radians 2 tan 
150o = ? 
1  tan 2 
150o   5
  radians 12 24 24
180o 6 2
 13  13  13
2. a)  radians = 180o 2
 12  1  144 25
o 1   169 169
 180 1  13 
   22
8 8 2
b)  radians = 180o 24 169 312
  
13 25 25
9 9  180
   324o
5 5 2sin A  3cos A
5. Given expression = 2 sin A  3cos A
3. We have,
AB 1 Dividing by cos A, we get
AB : AC = 1: 2  
AC 2 2sin A 3cos A

 AB = x and AC  2 x , for some x. cos A cos A 2 tan A  3
 
2sin A 3cos A 2 tan A  3

cos A cos A
184 9th Class Mathematics
Putting the value of tan A, we get 9. Given:

4 8 1 tan 2 60  4sin 2 45  3sec 2 30  5cos 2 90

2   3 3 ––(1)
3 3  1 cosec 30  sec 60  cot 2 30
    3 
4 8 17 17 On substituting the values of various t-ratios in
2   3 3
3 3 3 (1), we get:
2 2
tan A  tan B 2  1   2 
6. tan  A  B  
1  tan A tan B
 3  4
 2
  3 
 3
  5  0
2

 2
Putting A = 45° and B = 30°, we get 22  3
tan 45  tan 30
tan  45  30  
1  tan 45 tan 30 1 4
3  4  3  0
2 3  2  4
1 1   9
1 1 43 1
tan15  3  3  3 1
1 1 3 1 1
1  1 1 1  sec 
1
3 3   cos   1 
10. i)L.H.S. sec  1  sec   
 cos  
 3  1  3  1  3  1  2 3 cos 
  
  
 3  1  3  1  3 1 cos   1 cos 
    cos   1
cos  1
42 3
 2 3
2 1  cos  1  cos   1  cos 2 
7. We have,  
1  cos  1  cos 
2(cos4 60° + sin4 30°) – (tan2 60° + cot2 45°)
+ 3 sec2 30° We have, sin 2 θ = 1- cos 2θ
 1 4  1 4  2
sin 2 
 2       
 2   2  
 3   1 
2 2  2 
 3
 3


1  cos 
 R.H.S.

ii) L.H.S. = cot   tan 

1 1 4 cos  sin  cos 2   sin 2 
 2      3  1  3    
16 16  3 sin  cos  sin  cos 
1 1
 2  4  4   cos  sin  
8 4  cot   , tan   
 sin  cos  
3
8. i) 2 sin 2  3  sin 2 
2 cos 2   1  cos2  
 sin 2  sin 60  2  60    30

sin  cos 
 sin 2
  1  cos 2  

1 cos2   1  cos 2  2cos2   1

ii) 2 cos 3  1  cos3      R.H.S.
2 sin  cos  sin  cos 
 cos3   cos 60  3   60 11. L.H.S.= 1  tan   1  sin  1  sin  
2

   20
 1  tan 2  1  sin 2     sec 2   cos 2  
iii) 3 tan 2  3  0  tan 2  3
3  1 
  cos    1  R.H.S.
2
 2
 tan 2  3 tan 2  tan 60  cos  

 2  60    30
Trigonometry 185

ii) L.H.S. =  sec   cos   sec   cos    1  tan  

2

  .tan    tan 2  ______ (2)

 sec2   cos 2    tan 2   1  cos 2    1  tan   
From (1) and (2), clearly, L.H.S = R.H.S.
 tan 2   1  cos 2    tan 2   sin 2   R.H.S
3 3
iii) L.H.S.  sec    sec    1  tan  
2 2 2
2 2
sin A sin B
12. i) L.H.S. = tan2 A – tan2 B   3
cos2 A cos2 B  1   tan 2    3.1.tan 2  1  tan 2  
sin 2 A sin 2 B
   tan 6   3tan 2  sec 2   1
cos2 A cos2 B
 sec 2   1  tan 2 
sin 2 A cos2 B  cos2 A sin 2 B
 = R.H.S.
cos 2 A cos 2 B
sin 2 A 1  sin 2 B   1  sin 2 A  sin 2 B iv) L.H.S. 
1  tan   cot   sec
2 2
.cot 
 cosec 2  cos ec 2 
cos 2 A cos 2 B
sin 2 A  sin 2 A sin 2 B  sin 2 B  sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 
  .cot 
cos 2 A cos 2 B cos2 
sin 2 A  sin 2 B 1
  R.H.S.  tan 2 .cot   tan 2 
cos 2 A cos 2 B tan 
cos  1  sin   tan   R.H.S.
ii) L.H.S.  
14. L.H.S.
1  sin  cos 
cos2   1  sin  
2  sin 2   cosec2   2  cos 2   sec2   2

cos  1  sin    sin 2   cos 2   2  2  sec2   cosec2 
cos 2   1  2sin   sin 2   1  4  sec2   cosec2 

cos  1  sin  
 5  1  tan 2   1  cot 2  
1  1  2sin  2 1  sin  
   7  tan 2   cot 2   R.H.S. (Hence proved)
cos  1  sin   cos  1  sin  
cot 54 tan 20
 2 sec   R.H.S. 15. i) tan 36  cot 70  2
 1 
13. i) L.H.S. = 1  tan A   1 
2
2  cot  90  36  tan  90  70 
 tan A    2
= sec2 A + (1 + cot2 A) tan 36 cot 70
= sec2 A + cosec2 A
tan 36 cot70
1 1   2
 2  2  R.H.S. tan 36 cot70
sin A 1  sin A  sin A  sin A
2 4
=1+1–2=0

1  tan 2  sec 2  sin 2 

tan 35 cot 78
ii) L.H.S. =   ii) cot 55  tan12  1
1  cot 2  cosec2  cos 2 
 tan 2  ––––––– (1) tan  90  55  cot  90  12 
  1
Now, R.H.S. cot 55 tan12
2 2
    cot 55 tan12
2
 1  tan    1  tan    1  tan     1
      cot 55 tan12
 1  cot    1  1   tan   1  =1+1–1=1
   
 tan    tan  
186 9th Class Mathematics

16. Let us draw a right angled  ABC such that cos 75 sin12 cos18
B 19. i) sin15  cos 78  sin 72

cos  90  15  sin  90  78 

2  
1 sin15 cos 78
cos  90  72 

A
sin 72
C
3 sin15 cos 78 sin 72
  
2
sin15 cos 78 sin 72 = 1+1–1=1
AC  3 , BC = 1  AB   3  12  2
sin 50 cosec 40
1 ii) cos 40  sec50  4cos50cosec 40
As tanB   B = 60°
3
cos 40 sec50
1 1    4cos50.sec50
sin A = sinc 30°  ; cosB = cos60°  cos 40 sec50
2 2
3 3  sin  90     cos ; cosec  90°     sec 
cosA = cos30°  ; sinB = sin60° 
2 2 1
sinA cosB + cosA sinB  1  1  4cos50 =1 + 1 – 4 = – 2
 cos50
= sin30°cos60° + cos30° sin60° 20. tan 5° tan 25° tan 30° tan 65° tan 85°
 1  1   3  3  1 3 = tan 5° tan 25° tan 30° tan(90° – 25°) tan(90 –5)
           1 = tan 5° tan 25° tan 30° cot 25°.cot5°
 2  2   2 
 2  4 4
1 1
17. Given sin(A + B) = 1 = tan 5° tan 25° tan 30° tan 25 . tan 5
But sin 90° = 1
 A + B = 90° ––––––– (1) 1
 tan 30 
1 1 3
Given cos A  But cos 60° 
2 2 21. cot 12° cot 38° cot 52° cot 60° cot 78°
 A = 60° ––––––– (2) = cot 12° cot 38° cot [90° – 38°]
From (1) and (2),  B = 30° cot 60°cot (90° – 12°)
1 = cot 12° cot 38° tan 38° cot 60° tan 12°
 sinB = sin30°  cot  90     tan 
2

1 1
a 2  b2 opposite = tan12 . tan 38 . tan 38°.tan 12°.cot 60°
18. Given sin   
2ab hypotenuse
1  1 
 hypotenuse = 2ab  cot 60   cot 60  
and opposite side = a2 + b2 3  3
In any right-angled triangle, the dimension of 22. We know that:
hypotenuse is greater than the other two sides. tan  = cot  when  = 45°
 hypotenuse > opposite i.e., tan 45° = cot 45° = 1
 2ab > a2 + b2 or a2 + b2 < 2ab
a2 + b2 – 2ab < 0 
  (a – b)2 < 0 In the interval 0    , tan  < cot  and
But square of a number is always positive and 4
greater than zero.  
2 2 in the interval   , tan  > cot 
a b 4 2
Hence, sin   is not possible.
2ab  The answer is (c)
Trigonometry 187
25. Let a man on the tower MC be at M. The angle of
3 opp AB
23. Given sin     depression of car at A, observed by the man at M
7 hyp AC is 30°. After 6 minutes, the angle of depression of
A the car at B is 60°.
Let height of the tower MC = h
The distance between the foot of the tower C and
car B = x
7
3
M
60° 30°

B 2 C
h Tower
We know that (adj) = BC = (hyp) – (opp)2 [By
2 2 2

Pythagoras theorem]
2 2
  7    3  7 3 4  BC2 = 4 A
30°
B
60° x
C
 BC = 2
hyp AC 7 MC
Here cosec     and Now, in right-angled  AMC , tan 30 
opp AB 3 AC
1 h AC
hyp AC 7    h –––– (1)
sec     3 AC 3
adj BC 2
MC
2 2 In  BMC , tan 60 
 7  7 BC
    7 7
2 2
3  2  
cos ec   sec   3 4 h
  2 2
  3  h  3 BC –– (2)
cosec2   sec 2   7  7
7 7
 BC
    3 4 From (1) and (2), we get
 3  2 
AC
 3BC  3BC = AC
1 1  3
7    43
3 4   12  1  3BC = AB + BC
   
1 1  43 7 Subtracting BC from both the sides, we get:
7    
 2BC = AB
 3 4   12 
Let the time taken by the car from B to C = t
cosec 2   sec 2  1 minutes.
 
cos ec 2   sec 2  7 Distance C
Speed of car from B to C   –(3)
Hence proved. Time t
2 cos70 sin 31 A
24. Similarly, speed of car from A to B  ––(4)
sin 20 cos59 6
2cos 70 sin 31 From (3) and (4), we get

cos  90  20  sin  90  59  C AC
 [ Speed is uniform]
t 6
cos 70 sin 31
2 2 C 2BC 1 1
cos 70 sin 31    
t 6 t 3
2cos 70 sin 31
 2  t  3 minutes
sin 20 cos59
Hence, the time taken by the car to reach the foot
of the tower is 3 minutes.
188 9th Class Mathematics
26. Length of cable AC = 215 m 28. Let ‘y’ be the required height of the tree and ‘x’ be
Angle of elevation = 60° the breadth of the river.
Suppose height of balloon above the ground = x A

metres
y
A Balloon

30° 60°
C D x B
40m
215 m xm In ABD , AB = y and DB = x
Given CD = 40m
 BC = BD + CD = (x + 40) m ––––––– (1)
60°
C B AB y
Eye Now In ABD , tan 60  
BD x
In right-angled  ABC y
 3  y  3x ––––––– (2)
AB 3 x x
sin 60   
AC 2 215
 tan 60  3 
 2x  215 3
AB AB
In ABC, tan 30  
215 3 BC BD  CD
 x  x = 186.19 m  3  1.732 
2
1 y  1 
Hence, the height of the balloon from the ground is   (from (1))  tan 30  
186.19 m. 3 40  x  3
27. In the given problem, the height of the tower is equal 40  x
to its shadow.   y ––––––– (3)
A 3
40  x
Equating (2) and (3), we get 3x 
3
20m

 3x = 40 + x  3x – x = 40
40
45° 30°  2x = 40  x   20
2
B D C
20m x  x = 20m
Also given that the angle changes from 45° to 30°
Substituting the value of ‘x’ in (2) we get,
Let the change in the shadow’s length from its initial
position be ‘x’ y  3x  3  20  20 3 m
opp AB 20 Hence the required height of the tree is 20 3 m and
 tan 30   
adj BC 20  x breadth of the river is 20 m
29. Height of the girl PQ = 1.6 m
1 20  1  Height of lamp-post be AC.
   tan 30  
3 20  x  3 Length of shadow BQ = 4.8 m
Distance between the girl PQ and lamp-post AC =
 20  x  20 3  x  20 3  20 3.2 m
A
 x  20  3 1 m 
P
Therefore the increase in the shadows length of
the shadow is 20  
3 1 m . 1.6 m
Lamp-post


B 4.8 m Q 3.2m C
Trigonometry 189
i) To find height of lamp-post, using trigonometric AB
ratios In right-angled  ABD, tan 30 
BD
In right-angled  PQB , A
PQ 1.6 1
tan      –––– (1)
BQ 4.8 3
AC
In  ABC , tan  
BC
1 AC AC 30° 45°
   D x B
C
3 BQ  QC 4.8  3.2
1 50
   BD  50 3
 1  3 BD
 tan   from 1 and BC  BQ  QC 
 3   BD = 50 (1.732)
 BD = 86.6 m –––––– (2)
1 AC
  x = CD = BD – BC
3 8.0  x = 86.6 – 50 = 36.6 m
8  x = 36.6 × 100 = 3660 cm.
 AC   2.66m
3
ii) To find the height of the lamp-post using property HOTS WORKSHEET
of similar triangles:
1. We have,
In  PBQ and  ABC AB = a
PQB  ACB [each equal to 90°]  AD + DB = a [ AD = DB]
PBQ  ACB   (common)  AD + AD = a
 2 AD = a
  PBQ  C (AA similarity) A

AC BC AC 4.8  3.2
   
PQ BQ 1.6 4.8
b
AC 8.0 8  1.6 8 Da
   AC    2.66m
1.6 4.8 4.8 3
Hence, the height of the lamp-post is 2.66 m.
30. Let AB be the tower and its shadows BD and BC C

B
due to two positions of the sun.
A a
Thus, AD  DB 
2
By Pythagoras theorem, we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
50 m  b2 = a2 + BC2
 BC2 = b2 – a2
30° 45°  BC  b 2  a 2
D B
x C
Thus, in BCD , we have
AB
In right-angled  ABC.tan 45  Base = BC = b 2  a 2 and perpendicular
AC
50 a
 1  BD 
BC 2
 BC = 50 m –––––– (1) Applying Pythagoras theorem in  BCD , we have
 BC2 + BD2 = CD2
190 9th Class Mathematics

2 2  sin B = sin Q
a
  2
b a 2
     CD 2
2 A
P

a2
 CD2  b 2  a 2 
4
4b 2  4a 2  a 2
 CD 2  C B R Q
4
AC PR
4b2  3a 2  
 CD2  AB PQ
4
AC AB
4b 2  3a 2    k, (say) –––––– (i)
 CD  PR PQ
2
 AC = k PR and AB = k PQ ––––––– (ii)
Now,
Using Pythagoras theorem in right-angled triangles
BD ABC and PQR, we have
i) sin  
CD AB2 = AC2 + BC2 and PQ2 = PR2 + QR2

a/2 a  BC  AB2  AC2 and QR  PQ 2  PR 2

 sin   
4b 2  3a 2 4b2  3a 2
BC AB2  AC2 k 2 PQ 2  k 2 PR 2
2   
QR PQ 2  PR 2 PQ 2  PR 2
BC
ii) cos   [ Using (ii)]
CD
BC k PQ 2  PR 2
b a2 2 2
2 b a 2    k ––––– (iii)
 cos    QR PQ 2  PR 2
2 2
4b  3a 4b 2  3a 2
From (i) and (iii), we have
2
AC AB BC
 
BD PR PQ QR
iii) tan  
BC
  ACB   PRQ
a/2 a  B  Q
 tan   
b2  a 2 2 b2  a 2
k Opp
2 2 3. Given tan   k  
iv) sin   cos  1 Adj
2
   2 b2  a 2
2
  Opposite AB = K and Adjacent = BC = 1
a
    To find the other ratios we should know the other
 4b  3a   4b  3a 
2 2 2 2
 side AC (hypotenuse)
How to find hypotenuse AC ?
a2 4  b2  a 2  A
 sin 2   cos2   
4b2  3a 2 4b 2  3a 2
4b 2  3a 2
 sin 2   cos 2   1 k k2 1
4b 2  3a 2
2. Consider two right triangles ABCand PQR such
that sin B = sin Q. 
We have, B 1 C

AC PR Applying Pythagoras theorem to  ABC

sin B  and, sin Q  we get AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AB PQ
Trigonometry 191

A 5. L.H.S.

Opposite side (Opp)

H  1 1  2
yp 2
o ten
 2 2
 2 2  sin .cos 
us  sec   cos  cosec   sin  
e(
Hy
p)  
 1 1  2 2
    sin .cos 
 1 2 1 2
 cos   sin  
B Adjacent side (Adj) C  cos 2  sin 2  
 AC2 = k2 + 1  AC  k 2  1
 cos2  sin 2   2
Opp AB k  4
 4 
sin  cos 2 
 sin    1  cos  1  sin  
Hyp AC k2  1
 cos 2  sin 2  
Adj BC 1   
cos      1  cos  1  cos   1  sin  1  sin   
2 2 2 2

Hyp AC k2 1

Hyp AC k2 1
 sin 2
 cos 2  
sec   
Adj BC 1  
cos2  sin 2 
  
 1  cos   sin  cos  1  sin   
2 2 2 2
Hyp AC k2  1
cosec   
Opp AB k
 sin 2
 cos 2  
Adj BC 1
cot    cos4  sin 4 
Opp AB k  
1  cos 2  1  sin 2 
4. We have
 cos 4  1  sin 2    sin   1  cos 2   
1 1
sin         , cos         and  
2 2 1  cos 1  sin 
2 2

tan         1 ,
cos4   sin 2  cos 4   sin    cos 2  sin 4 

 sin         sin 30, 1  cos 1  sin  
2 2

cos         cos 60 and

sin 4   cos 4   sin 2  cos 2   cos 2   sin 2  
tan         tan 45 
1  cos  1  sin  
2 2

       30 –––––––– (i)

2 2
       60 –––––––– (ii)

sin     cos   2sin  cos   sin
2 2 2 2 2
 cos 2 
       45 –––––––– (iii) 1  cos  1  sin  2 2

By (i) + (ii), (ii) + (iii), (iii) + (i), respectively we

get:

sin 2
  cos 2    sin 2  cos 2 
2  90 and 2  75    45 and 1  sin 2   cos 2   sin 2  cos 2 

1
0
1  sin 2  cos 2 
   37 
2 1  1  sin 2  cos2 
Putting the values of  and  in (i), we get, 1  sin 2  cos 2 
  R.H.S.
0 0 2  sin 2  cos2 
1 1
37  45    30    52
2 2
0 0
1 1
Hence,   37 ,   45 and   52
2 2
192 9th Class Mathematics

1  cot A  tan A  sin A  cos A  sin 2 20  sin 2  90  20 

6. L.H.S.= 
sec3 A  cosec3 A cos 2 20  cos 2  90  20 
 cos A sin A 
1     sin A  cos A   
 sin A cos A   cos .sin  sin .cos  

 sec A  cosec A   sec2 A  sec A cosecA +cosec2 A    
 sin  cos  

 cos  sin  
 sin A cos A   cos 2

A + sin 2 A   sin A  cos A 
sin A cos A sin 2 20  cos 2 20
    cos 2   sin 2  
 1 1 1  cos 2 20  cos 2 20
 sec A  cosec A   2   2 
 cos A cos A sin A sin A
 sin  
 tan   cos  sin  90     cos 
sin A cos A 
 sin A.cos A  1     
 sin A cos A sin A cos A 
  cot   cos  cos  90     sin 
 sin 2 A  sin A cos A  cos 2 A   sin  
 sec A  cos ec A   
 sin 2 A cos 2 A 
1
 sin A cos A  1 sec A  cosec A   sin 2 Acos 2 A  1 2
 1
 sec A  cosec A 1  sin A cos A 
9. 2  sin 6   cos6    3  sin 4   cos 4  
= sin2 A cos2A = R.H.S.
7. Here,
sec2  90     cot 2  2 cos2 60 tan 2 28 tan 2 62
 3
  3

 2  sin 2     sin 2    3  sin 2     sin 2  
2 2


 2 sin   cos    3sin  cos   sin   cos  
3
2  sin 2 25  sin 2 65  3  sec 2 43  cot 2 47  2 2 2 2 2 2

cosec 2   cot 2 

2  sin 2 25  sin 2  90  25  
 2
3  sin 2   cos 2    2sin 2  cos 2  
2 2 2
 2 1  3sin 2  cos 2    3 1  2sin 2  cos 2  
2cos 60 tan 28 tan  90  28 
 = – 1.
3  sec 2 43  cot 2  90  43  
1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 
2 2 10. i) L.H.S. =  
cosec   cot  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 

2  sin 2 25  cos2 25  2 2


1  cos   
1  cos   
1  cos 
2cos 2 60 tan 2 28.cot 2 28 1  cos  2
sin  2
sin 

3  sec 43  tan 43 
2 2
1 cos 
   cosec   cot   R.H.S.
 cos ec 2   cot 2   1 sin  sin 
1 2
  cos 2 60  
2 3
2 2
 sec   tan   1  1  sin  1  sin  1  sin  
ii) L.H.S.  
2
1  sin  1  sin  1  sin  
1 2 1 1 1 4 2
       
2 3 2 2 6 6 3 2 2
1  sin   1  sin  
 
sin 2 20  sin 2 70 1  sin 2  cos 2 
8.
cos2 20  cos 2 70
1  sin  1 sin 
    sec   tan   R.H.S.
 sin  90    sin  cos  90    cos   cos  cos  cos 
  
 tan  cot  
Trigonometry 193
11. Given that sin2x + cos2x – 2 sin x cos x = 0 Using formula i.e. 1  sec 2   tan 2  , we get
In the above equation, L.H.S. is in the form of
a2 + b2 – 2ab. tan   sec    sec 2   tan 2  
We know that a2 + b2 – 2ab = (a – b)2 
1  sec   tan 
 sin2x + cos2x – 2 sin x cos x = 0
 (sin x – cos x)2 = 0  tan   sec     sec   tan   sec   tan  

 sin x – cos x = 0  sin x = cos x 1  sec   tan 
sin x  tan   sec   1   sec   tan  
 1 tan x = 1 
cos x 1  sec   tan 
 x = 45° ( tan 45° = 1)
2

 tan   sec  1  sec   tan  
iii) L.H.S.   sec   tan  
1  sec   tan  
 sec 2   tan 2   2sec  tan   tan   sec 
1 sin 2  2 sin  sin  1 sin   1
 2
 2
    
cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos  cos 
2
1  sin 2   2sin  1  sin   1  sin 
    R.H.S.
cos 2  cos2  cos 

1  sin  
2
1  sin  1  sin   cos A  sin A  1
  ii) L.H.S. 
1  sin 2  1  sin  1  sin   cos A  sin A  1
Dividing numerator and denominator by sin A, we
1  sin  get
  R.H.S.
1  sin  cos A sin A 1
 
cot A  1  cosec A
 sin A sin A sin A 
2
 1  sin   cos  
iv) L.H.S.    cos A sin A 1 cot A  1  cosecA
 1  sin   cos    
sin A sin A sin A
2


1  sin    cos 2   2cos  1  sin   cot A  cos ec A  1
2 
1  sin    cos2   2cos  1  sin   1  cosecA  cot A

2sin   2  2 cos  1  sin   cot A  cos ec A   cosec 2 A  cot 2 A 

 
2sin   2  2cos  1  sin   1  cosec A  cot A

1  sin    cos  1  sin   [ cosec2 A= 1 + cot2 A]


1  sin    cos  1  sin   cot A  cosec A   cosec A  cot A  co sec A  cot A 

1  cosec A  cot A


1  sin  1  cos    1  cos   R.H.S. ( cosec2A – cot2A = 1)
1  sin  1  cos   1  cos   cot A  cos ec A 1  cos ec A  cot A 

sin   1  cos  1  cosec A  cot A
12. i) L.H.S. 
cos   1  sin  = cot A + cosec A = R.H.S.
Dividing numerator and denominator by cos  1  sin  1  sin 
iii) L.H.S. = 
sin  1 cos  1  sin  1  sin 
 
tan   sec   1
 cos  cos  cos   1  sin    1  sin    1  sin  1  sin 
cos  1 sin  1  sec   tan   
 
cos  cos  cos  1  sin   1  sin   1  sin  1  sin 
194 9th Class Mathematics
A
2 2


1  sin   
1  sin   90°
1  sin  2
1  sin 2  G F

2 2


1  sin   
1  sin    90°–
B C
cos2  cos 2  D E
 DE = EF = FG = DG ––––––––– (1)
1  sin  1  sin  1  sin   1  sin  In  BDG,
  
cos  cos  cos 
adjacent side BD
cot   
2 opposite side DG
  2sec   R.H.S.
cos 
BD
cot   (DG = DE from (1))
sin A cos A DE
13. L.H.S.  
sec A  tan A  1 cosec A  cot A  1  BD = DE cot  ––––––––– (2)
sin A cos ecA  sin A cot A  sin A  cos A sec A  cos A tan A  cos A In CEF,

 sec A  tan A  1 cosec A  cot A  1
EC
cot  90    
sin A
 sin A
cos A
 sin A 
cos A
 cos A
sin A
 cos A
EF
 sin A sin A cos A cos A
 sec A  tan A  1 cosec A  cot A  1 EC
 cot  90     tan  
EF
1  cos A  sin A  1  sin A  cos A ( EF = DE from (1) and cot (90 –  ) = tan  )

 1 sin A  1 cos A   EC = DE tan  ––––––––– (3)
   1   1
 cos A cos A  sin A sin A  Multiplying equation (2) and (3), we have,
BD.EC = DE cot  . DE tan 
2
 1  1 
 1  sin A  cos A  1  cos A  sin A   BD.EC  DE  DE.cot .  tan   
  cot   cot  
 cos A  sin A
= DE2
2sin A cos A  BD.EC = DE2
 15. i) cos (A – B) = cos (A + (– B))
1   sin A  cos A   1   sin A  cos A   = cos A cos (– B) – sin A sin (– B)
= cos A cos B + sin A sin B
2sin A cos A since cos(–B) = cos B and sin (– B) = – sin B
 2
1   sin A  cos A 
 
ii) sin (A + B) = cos    A  B  
2sin A cos A 2 

1   sin A  cos2 A  2sin A cos A 
2
   
 cos    A   B 
 2  
2sin A cos A 2sin A cos A
 
1  1  2sin A cos A  1  1  2sin A cos A
   
 cos   A  cos B    A  sin B
2sin Acos A  2   2 
  1  R.H.S.
2sin Acos A = sin A cos B+ cos A sin B.
14. Given that in  ABC, A  90 iii) sin (A – B) = sin (A + (– B))
= sin A cos (–B) + cos A sin (–B)
Let B   . Then C  90   = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
DEFG is a square inscribed in the  ABC
Trigonometry 195

1 1 1  1
16. Prove that cosec   cot   sin   sin      30  sin 30  
2  2
Thus, the broken piece will incline to the ground at
1 1
  an angle 30°
sin  cosec   cot  . 18. The height of the statue AD = 1.6 m
Sol: We can write the given identity as: Let height of pedestal be CD.
1 1 Angle of elevation of the top of statue = 60°.
 Angle of elevation of the top of pedestal = 45°.
cosec   cot  cosec   cot 
In right  BCD ,
1 1 2
   CD CD
sin  sin  sin  tan 45   1
BC BC
1 1  CD = BC –––––––– (1)
Now LHS  
cosec   cot  cosec   cot 

cosec   cot   cosec   cot 


cosec2   cot 2 
[using cosec2   cot 2   1 ]
2cosec 
  R.H.S.
1
Hence proved.
17. Given, the total height of the tree (AD) = ‘h’ mts
when it is broken at a point ‘C’. The bent portion
(CB) and straight part (AC) are in the ratio of 2 :1
D
Now, in right-angled  ABC
AC
tan 60 
BC
h
C AC
2h  3  AC  3 BC
3 BC
h
3  AD  CD  3 BC

B  1.6  CD  3 CD
A
The broken part (CD), bends down to touch the
 3 CD  CD  1.6 [ BC = CD]
ground at B.
h and CB  2h m   
3  1 CD  1.6
 AC  m
3 3
Let the angle made by the broken part with the
CD 
1.6

1.6  
3 1

ground be, CBA   3 1  3 1  3 1 
In ABC
1.6 1.6
h  
3 1
 3 1   2
 3 1 m 
AC h 3 1
sin    3   
BC 2h 3 2h 2  0.8  3 1 m 
3
Hence, the height of pedestal is 0.8  3 1 m . 
196 9th Class Mathematics

19. Let O be the point of observation and A be the 20. Let the tower be AB, hotel be EF and building be
position of the aeroplane, such that AOC  60 , CD.
AB = 150 m, EF = 20 m, CD = h, BD = 1200 m
Let DF = x m
PE = BF = BD + DF = (1200 + x)m
A
Building

Tower
130 m
C

150 m
Hotel
Q 5° E
AC = 1 km and OC = x km P
After 10 seconds, h
20 m
Let B be the position of the aeroplane B 1200 m D x F City Centre
Then, BOD  30 , BD = AC = 1 km and
In righ-angled APE,
CD = y km
No,w CD = AB = y km and AP
OD = OC + CD = x + y km tan AEP 
PE
OC AP
In right-angled  CA , cot AOC   tan 5
AC 
PE
OC 1 x AB  PB
 cot 60     tan 5
AC 3 1 
BE
1 AB  EF
 x –––––– (1)   tan 5
3 BD  DF
In right-angled  DB , 150  20
  tan 5
OD 1200  x
cot BOD 
BD 130
  0.0875
OD xy 1200  x
 cot 30   3
BD 1  130 = (1200 + x)(0.0875)
 130 = 105 + 0.0875x
 x  y  3 –––––– (2) 0.0875x = 130 – 105 = 25

Subtracting (1) from (2), we get
25
1 3 1 2  x
y 3 y  0.0875
 
3 3 3  x = 285.7 = 286 m nearly
2 Now, in right-angled  CQE ,
In 10 secs., distance covered km. CQ = CD – DQ = h – EF
3
= h – 20
In 3600 secs., distance covered
CQ
23600 720 720 3 Also,  tan 5  CQ = QE tan 50°
    km / hr QE
3 10 3 3
 h – 20 = 286 × 0.0875  h – 20 = 25
 240 3 km / hr  h = 20 + 25  h = 45 m
 Distance of the tower = BD + DF
 The speed of the aeroplane  240 3 km / hr = BD + QE
= 240 × 1.732 = 415.68 km/hr ( DF = QE)
= 1200 + 286
= 1486 m nearly
Trigonometry 197

IIT JEE WORKSHEET  1  2

2

2
cot   tan 2
7   
 7

4  
1. Given tan    2  tan 2   cot 2   1 
2
2
3 2
 7
  7  
Since tan  is negative.
A
49  1
1
+4 7
7 48 12 3
 +3 B   7   
B –3 O 1 63  1 64 16 4
–4 2 7
7 7
A
‘  ’will either lie in second quadrant or in the fourth  answer is (a).
quadrant. 3
5. Given tan  
OA  OA  16  9  5 4
4 4 A
sin AOB  and sin AOB 
5 5
4 4
 sin  is or  answer is (b). 3 5
5 5
33 
2. sin  
65 B 4 C
A
In the right-triangle AC  AB2  BC 2

 32  4 2  9  16
33 65
 25  5

 3
sin  
B 56 C 5
From the triangle AC2 = AB2 + BC2  answer is (a).
2 2 6. sec  cannot represent 1/2.
 BC  AC2  AB2   65    33
 answer is (b).
2 7. Given sin  = k
 4225  1089  3136   56   56
A
opp 33
tan   
90

adj 56
°-

Hyp
Opp.

3. Given
x = a (sec  + tan  )2, y = b (sec  – tan  )4
Now, x4y2
= a4(sec  + tan  )8. b2 . (sec  – tan  )8 B Adj C
= a4.b2(sec2  – tan2  )8 =a4b2
adj. BC
 answer is (d) sin  90       cos 
hyp. AC
1
4. Given: tan    cot   7
7  1  sin 2   1  k 2

cosec 2   sec 2  1  cot    1  tan  

2 2  sin  90     1  k 2

cosec2   sec 2  1  cot 2    1  tan 2  
198 9th Class Mathematics

1 3
sin 45 12. Given tan  
tan 45   2 1 4
8. 1 A
cos 45
2
9. Given sides are in the ratio 1: 3 : 2 5 3


B 4 C
4
30

 cos  
°

2K 5
3K
4 1
1
1  cos  5  51
 
60° 1  cos  1  4 9 9  answer is (c).
K
5 5
Let the sides be K, 2K and 3K . 1
13. Given sin  
61
3K
tan 60   3
K sin  is positive in the first quadrant and also in the
AB second quadrant.
10. tan 30   sin  is in the second quadrant.
BC
A In second quadrant cos  and tan  are negative.
60 11
 cos   and tan  
61 60
2K
Answers are (b) and (d).
5 3
30° 14. tan 1  ; tan 2 
C 12 4
B 20 A
1 AB 20
   AB  m
3 20 3
20
 The height of the tower is m.
3 2
1
D 192m C B
3 opp 3 Let AB = x and BC = y
11. Given tan A   
4 adj 4
AB x 5 x
B tan 1    
BD 192  y 12 192  y
 5(192 + y) = 12x
5 3  5y – 12x + 960 = 0 ________ (1)
AB  x
Also, tan 2   
BC 4 y
A 4 C
 3y = 4x  4x – 3y = 0 ______ (2)
Let opposite side = 3 and adjacent side = 4
Solving (1) and (2), we get –4y + 960 = 0
 AB = 5
960
hyp 5 y  240
sec A   4
adj 4
3y 3  240
5 x   3  60  180
 sec A  4 4
4  Height of the tower is AB = 180 m.