Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF AGUSAN DEL SUR

Learners Activity Sheets

Mathematics 8
Quarter 3 – Week 6
(Proving Theorems on Special Triangles)

🏳 D.O Plaza Government Center, Patin-ay Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

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Mathematics 8
Learners’ Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – Week 6: Proving Theorems on Special Triangles
First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer/s: Amelita N. Tupaz
Editor/s: Arnel B. Cruz, Ephrain C. Paylangco, Mariel D. Mamogay
Co-Author/s: Lorna G. Camiguing, Lorna S. Gritare
Validator/s: Lorna G. Camiguing
Amelita N. Tupaz
Lorna S. Gritare
Arnel B. Cruz
Analiza R. Manlapaz
Julius Sumipo

Management Team: Minerva T. Albis

Lorna P. Gayol
Nilo O. Montaňo
Blessy Suroysuroy
Gina C. Malupa
Leonilo S. Otaza
 Learners Activity Sheets
Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Week 6
(Proving Theorems on Special Triangles)

MATHEMATICS 8

Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 QUARTER 3, WEEK 6

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 6

PROVING THEOREMS ON SPECIAL TRIANGLES

Name of the Learner: ___________________________________ Section: ______________

School: _________________________________________________ Date: _________________

I. Learning Competency:

● proves two triangles are congruent. (M8GEIIIg-1)

II. Key Concepts

This activity sheet focused proving theorems on special triangles. Below

are the activities with regard to this topic. Read the directions of every
activity and answer what is asked.

III. Activity

Day 1-2: Prove Theorems on Isosceles triangle

Isosceles Triangle. A triangle is isosceles if at least two of its sides are congruent.
The congruent sides are its legs; the third side is the base; the angles
opposite the congruent sides are the base angles; and the angle included
by the legs is the vertex angle. In the past lesson, we used SAS and ASA
Postulate in proving that two triangles are congruent.

Theorem on Isosceles Triangle

Isosceles Triangle Theorem (ITT): If two sides of a triangle are congruent,
then the angles opposite them are also congruent.

If YN ≅ YA, then ∠N ≅ ∠A.

Example 1. Let’s prove the isosceles triangle theorem.

Given: ΔYNA, YN ≅ YA
Prove: ∠N ≅ ∠A

Solution: Proof

Page | 4
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 Statement Reason
1. YN ≅ YA 1. Given
2. Let YD bisect ∠NYA 2. Every angle has exactly one bisector

3. ∠NYD ≅ ∠AYD 3. Definition of Angle bisector

4. YD ≅ YD 4. Reflexive Property

5. ΔNYD ≅ ΔAYD 5. SAS Postulate

6. Corresponding Parts of Congruent

6. ∠N ≅ ∠A Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)

Corollary: An equilateral triangle is also equiangular.

An equilateral triangle has three 60° angles.

Can a right triangle also be an isosceles? The answer is yes. If the

right triangle is in a 45º-45º-90º angle, then it becomes an isosceles right
triangle.

Let’s try some application of isosceles triangle theorem.

Examples 2. Solution:Observe the given two sides. Since the sides

are equal, let us equate them.
2x – 3 = 11
2x = 11 + 3
2x (1/2) = 14 (1/2)
x = 7 units

Example 3 Solution: Since the sides are equal, the angles

opposite them are congruent by ITT and
we know that a triangle is equal to 180⁰.

(2x + 8) ⁰ + (2x + 8) ⁰ + 4(x + 5)⁰ = 180⁰

2x + 8 + 2x + 8 + 4x + 20 = 180
8x + 36-36 = 180-36
8x = 180 – 36
8x (1/8) = 144 (1/8)
x = 18
8x = 144

Is the converse of an Isosceles Triangle Theorem also valid?

Converse of an Isosceles Triangle Theorem (CITT): If two angles of a

triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite them are also congruent.

Page | 5
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 If ∠N ≅ ∠A, then ≅ .

Let’s prove the converse of isosceles triangle theorem.

Example 4. Given: ΔNYA, ∠N ≅ ∠A

Prove: YN ≅ YA

Solution: Proof

Statement Reason
1. Let YD be a bisector of ∠NYA 1. Every angle has a bisector.

2. ∠NYD ≅ ∠AYD 2. Definition of Angle Bisector

3. ∠N ≅ ∠A 3. Given

4. YD ≅ YD 4. Reflexive Property

5. ΔNYD ≅ ΔAYD 5. AAS Postulate

6. Corresponding Parts of
6. YN ≅ YA Congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC)

Corollary : An equiangular triangle is also equilateral.

Theorem: The angle bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles

triangle is the perpendicular bisector of the base.

We may restate the theorem as: The angle bisector of the vertex angle of
an isosceles triangle is also the median and the altitude of the triangle from
the vertex.

Proof of the corollary and the theorem are left as an exercise.

A median of a triangle is a segment from a vertex of a triangle to the

midpoint of the side opposite the vertex.

LN is the median of ΔLAD OA is the median of ΔLOD

Page | 6
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 How many medians can a triangle have? There are exactly 3 medians, one at
each vertex.

An altitude of a triangle is a segment whose one endpoint is at a vertex of an

angle and the other endpoint is on the opposite side (or an extension of the
opposite side) of the angle and it should be perpendicular to the opposite
side.

DR is an altitude of ΔDAK so GR is an altitude of ΔGAY so

∠DRA and ∠DRK are right angles ∠GRA is a right angle

How many altitudes do a triangle have? There are 3 altitudes, one at each
vertex.

Example 5. Given: ∠AER ≅ ∠ANR and RA bisects ∠ERN

Prove: ΔEAR ≅ ΔNAR

Solution: Proof

Statement Reason
1. RA bisects ∠ERN 1. Given
1. ∠ARE ≅ ∠ARN 2. Definition of Angle Bisector
2. ∠AER ≅ ∠ANR 3. Given
3. ER ≅ NR 4. Converse of an Isosceles Δ Theorem
5. ΔEAR ≅ ΔNAR 5. ASA Postulate

Independent Practice: Day 1-2

A. “Am I TRUE or FALSE?
Directions: Write True, if the statement is true and False if not.

Page | 7
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 1. All isosceles triangles are congruent.
2. All equiangular triangles are congruent to each other.
3. Every altitude of a triangle is always located at the interior of the
triangle.
4. Every median of an isosceles triangle is also the altitude of the
triangle.
5. A median of a triangle always divides the triangle into two congruent
triangles.

B. “Can You Find My Partner?”

Directions: Refer to the figure on the right.
Write your answer on the space provided.

6. ∠1 ≅ ∠2, name two congruent segments

_____________________
7. ∠8 ≅ ∠6, name two congruent segments
_____________________
8. ∠4 ≅ ∠5, name two congruent segments
_____________________
9. AN ≅ IN, name two congruent angles _________________________
10. BR ≅ NR, name two congruent angles ________________________

C. “Find My X”
Direction: Find the value x.
Example: In ΔPWD, PW ≅ PD, m∠D = 5x + 20, and m∠W = 4x + 25.
Solution: 5x + 20 = 4x + 25
5x – 4x = 25 – 20
x=5

10. In ΔELP, LE ≅ LP, m∠E = 9x - 3, and m∠P = 7x + 15.

11. In ΔLUB, LU ≅ LB, m∠B = 3x - 4, and m∠U = 2x - 3.

12. In ΔBUY, YB ≅ YU, m∠U = 7x – 2, and m∠B = 3x + 14.

Page | 8
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 13. In ΔMET, EM ≅ ET, m∠M = 4x – 6, and m∠T = 3x + 3.

15. In ΔRTW, TR ≅ TW, m∠R = 10x – 15, and m∠W = 5x + 25.

Day 3-4: Prove Theorems on Right Triangle

Right Triangle. A triangle in which one angle is right. When we say

right angle, the measure is 90⁰.

Theorem on Right Triangle

LL Congruence Theorem (leg-leg theorem): If the legs of one right

triangle are congruent to the legs of another right triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

Let’s prove.
Example 1. Given: ∠N and ∠O are right angles.
YN ≅ JO and NA ≅ OB

Prove: ΔYNA ≅ ΔJOB

Solution: Proof:
Statement Reason
1. ∠N and ∠O are right angles 1. Given

Page | 9
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 2. ∠N ≅ ∠O 2. All right angles are congruent

3. YN ≅ JO and NA ≅ OB 3. Given

4. ΔYNA ≅ ΔJOB 4. SAS Postulate

LA Congruence Theorem (Leg-Acute angle Theorem): If a leg and an

acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to a leg and an acute angle of
another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

Let’s prove.
Example 2. Given: ∠A and ∠O are right angles.

YA ≅ JO and ∠N ≅ ∠B
Prove: ΔYNA ≅ ΔJBO

Solution: Proof:
Statement Reason
1. ∠A and ∠O are right angles. 1. Given
2. ∠A ≅ ∠O 2. All right angles are congruent

3. YA ≅ JO and ∠N ≅ ∠B 3. Given

4. ΔYNA ≅ ΔJOB 4. AAS Postulate

HA Congruence Theorem (Hypotenuse-Acute angle Theorem): If the

hypotenuse and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse and an acute angle of another right triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.

Let’s prove.
Example 3. Given: ∠A and ∠O are right angles

∠N ≅ ∠B and YN ≅ JB
Prove: ΔYNA ≅ ΔJBO

Solution: Proof:

Statement Reason
1. ∠A and ∠O are right angles,
1. Given
∠N ≅ ∠B and YN ≅ JB
2. ∠N ≅ ∠B 2. All right angles are congruent

3. ΔYNA ≅ ΔJOB 3. AAS Postulate

Page | 10
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 HL Congruence Theorem (Hypotenuse-Leg Theorem): If the hypotenuse and
a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and
a leg of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

Let’s prove
● Example 4. Given: ∠HPO and ∠HPE are right angles

HO ≅ HE
Prove: ΔHPO ≅ ΔHPE

Solution: Proof:

Statement Reason
1. ∠HPO and ∠HPE are right angles 1. Given
2. ∠HPO ≅ ∠HPE 2. All right angles are congruent
3. HO ≅ HE 3. Given
4. ∠O ≅ ∠E 4. Isosceles Triangle Theorem

5. ΔHPO ≅ ΔHPE 5. AAS Theorem

Exercise 5.
Direction: Determine the following triangles if congruent or not. If they, justify
your answer by stating postulate or theorem.

a.

Congruent, ASA Postulate or LA

Theorem

b.

Congruent, SAS Postulate or LL

Theorem

c.

Congruent, HL Theorem

d.

Page | 11
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 Congruent, AAS or HA Theorem

Exercise 6. Given: RY ⊥ GR, RY ⊥ VY and ∠G ≅ ∠V

Prove: ΔRYG ≅ ΔYRB

Plan: First, since we are given perpendicular

segments, this means it produced right angles. For
that we can use right triangle congruence.

Second, we can draw separately the triangles to

see clearly and accurately the markings. The two
triangles share a common side.

Solution: Proof:

Statement Reason
1. RY ⊥ GR 1. Given
2. ∠GRY is a right angle 2. Definition of Perpendicularity
3. RV ⊥ VY 3. Given
4. ∠VYR is a right angle 4. Definition of Perpendicularity
5. ∠GRY ≅ ∠VYR 5. All right angles are congruent
6. ∠G ≅ ∠V 6. Given
7. RY ≅ RY 7. Reflexive Property

8. ΔRYG ≅ ΔYRB 8. LA Congruence Theorem

Independent Practice: Day 3-4

A. “Am I Congruent?”
Directions: Write LA, LL, HL or HA theorem which can be used to prove
that the given triangles are congruent. If no theorem applies, write
None. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

4. ____________________ 5. ____________________

Page | 12
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 B. “You Complete Me!”
Directions: Complete the proof.
Given: ∠F and ∠M are right angles and
LA ≅ EA
Prove: ΔFLA ≅ ΔMEA

Solution: Proof:
Statement
1. ∠F and ∠M are right angles
2. _________________________
3. __________________________
4. ∠FAL ≅ ∠MAE
5. _______________________
Reason
1. ______________________________
2. All right angles are congruent.
3. Given
4. ______________________________
5. HL Theorem

C. “Perfect Match!”
Directions: Write the complete proof of the given
below.
Given: ∠H and ∠A are right angles, MA ≅ TH
Prove: ΔMAT ≅ ΔTHM

Solution: Proof
Statement Reason
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

4. 4.

IV. Assessment
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What theorem states that, “If two angles of a triangle are congruent,
then the sides opposite them are also congruent”?
A. Isosceles Triangle Theorem
B. Equilateral Triangle Theorem
C. Converse of Isosceles Triangle Theorem
D. CPCTC
Page | 13
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 2. Which of the following theorems can be used to prove the triangles on
the right?
A. LL Congruence Theorem
B. LA Congruence Theorem
C. HA Congruence Theorem
D. HL Congruence Theorem

3. In isosceles ∆ROB with base RB, m∠R = 2x + 15, and m∠B = 4x - 19.
What is the measure of the vertex angle?
A. 49⁰ B. 78⁰ C. 82⁰ D. 98⁰

4. What do you call a triangle whose one angle is 90⁰?

A. Isosceles triangle C. Obtuse Triangle
B. Right triangle D. Acute triangle

5. In isosceles ∆BRO with base BO, m∠B = 5x – 13, and m∠O = 3x + 11.
What is the value of x?
A. 3 B. 8 C. 12 D. 24

V. Enrichment Activity: “Let’s Do It!”

Directions: Take a picture of objects in your house where you can see
triangles. For each picture, identify congruent triangles and right
triangles. Justify why these triangles are congruent. Make a portfolio
to this task.

Rubric for Scoring:

Standard Student’s
Criteria for Essay
Score Score
The content and concept were well-thought and 4 points
unique.
The paper was well-written with ideas easily 3 points
conveyed to readers and pictures are attached
well-arranged.
Points are thoroughly developed. 3 points
TOTAL 10 points

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

VI. Closure/What I have learned

Page | 14
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
 amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
Mabuhay National High School
Amelita N. Tupaz
Page | 15
Reference for learners VIII.
Independent Practice
“You Complete Me!” Day 1-2
Given 4. Vertical angle “Am I TRUE or FALSE?”
Theorem
5. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
“Can You Find My Partner”
“Perfect Match!” OR and AR 9.
BO and BI 10.
OA and OI
Assessment C. “Find My X”
A 2. D 3.C 4. B 5.C 11. x=9 13. x=4 15. x=8
12. x=1 14. x=9
Enrichment Activity: “Let’s Do It!”
Student’s answer may vary Day 3-4
“Am I Congruent”
1. LA Theorem 3. HL Theorem 5. None
2. 4. LL Theorem
Answer Key VII.
Exit Ticket: Directions:
STILL HAVE
QUESTION I
1
1.
INTERESTING
2.
FOUND
2
1.
THINGS I
3.
TODAY
LEARNED
2.
THINGS I
3
1.
 Alferez, Merle S. and Alvin E. Lambino. 2004. MSA Geometry. Quezon City.
MSA Academic Advancement Institute.

Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Bryant, Merden L., Cabrella, Jem Boy B., Caldez,
Belen P., Callanta, Melvin M., Castro, Anastacia Proserfina I.,
Halabaso, Sonia P., Nocom, Roger T. and Concepcion S. Ternida.
2013. Mathematics Learner’s Module 8. Quezon City. Department
of Education. Book Media Press, Inc. and Printwell, Inc.

Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza. 2015. E-MATH 8. Manila: Rex Book
Store, Inc.

Page | 16
Amelita N. Tupaz
Mabuhay National High School
DepEd Division of Agusan del Sur
amelita.tupaz@deped.gov.ph