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The Exam Is Closed Book and Closed Notes
The Exam Is Closed Book and Closed Notes
2. The viscous, incompressible flow between the parallel plates shown in Figure is caused by
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
both the motion of the bottom plate and a constant pressure gradient 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 . Assuming steady,
2D, and parallel flow and using differential analysis: (a) Show that the flow is fully
developed using continuity equation; (b) Find the velocity profile 𝑢𝑢(𝑦𝑦) using Navier-
Stokes equations with appropriate boundary conditions; (c) Find wall shear stress at bottom
wall; and (d) Find the flow rate (hint: 𝑄𝑄 = ∫ 𝑉𝑉 ⋅ 𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 and assume constant width w).
Explicitly state all assumptions.
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes
𝑄𝑄1 = 𝑄𝑄2
𝐴𝐴1 0.12
𝑉𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑉1 = 10 = 12 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓/𝑠𝑠
𝐴𝐴2 0.10 +2
x-momentum:
� 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = � 𝑢𝑢 𝜌𝜌 𝑉𝑉 ⋅ 𝑛𝑛 d𝐴𝐴
� 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 = � 𝑣𝑣 𝜌𝜌 𝑉𝑉 ⋅ 𝑛𝑛 d𝐴𝐴
𝑝𝑝1 𝐴𝐴1 − 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉1 𝜌𝜌(−𝑉𝑉1 )𝐴𝐴1 + (−𝑉𝑉2 sin 30)𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉2 𝐴𝐴2
𝑝𝑝1 𝐴𝐴1 = −𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉12 𝐴𝐴1 − 𝜌𝜌𝑉𝑉22 𝐴𝐴2 sin 30 + 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 = 𝑅𝑅𝑦𝑦 − 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴1 𝑉𝑉1 (𝑉𝑉1 + 𝑉𝑉2 sin 30)
22.8
𝑝𝑝1 = = 190 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 2 +2.5
0.12
(c) energy
Assumptions:
𝜕𝜕
- steady: 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 = 0
𝜕𝜕
- 2D flow: 𝑤𝑤 = 0; 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
=0
- Parallel flow: 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑤𝑤 = 0
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
- 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 = constant
(a) Continuity
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 +1
+0+0=0 → =0 → 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
(b) x-momentum equation
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑢𝑢
0=− + 𝜇𝜇 2
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑢𝑢 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= +3
𝜕𝜕𝑦𝑦 2 𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Integrate twice
1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 +1
𝑢𝑢(𝑦𝑦) = 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐2
2𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑦𝑦 = 0 → 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑈𝑈 → 𝑐𝑐2 = 𝑈𝑈
1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑈𝑈 +2
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑏𝑏 → 𝑢𝑢 = 0 → 0= � � 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐1 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑈𝑈 → 𝑐𝑐1 = − � � 𝑏𝑏 −
2𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑏𝑏
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes
1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑦𝑦
𝑢𝑢(𝑦𝑦) = � � (𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) + 𝑈𝑈 �1 − �
2𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑏𝑏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑈𝑈
𝜏𝜏 = 𝜇𝜇 = � � (2𝑦𝑦 − 𝑏𝑏) − 𝜇𝜇
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑈𝑈
𝜏𝜏𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 𝜏𝜏(0) = − � � − 𝜇𝜇 +1.5
2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑏𝑏
(d) Flow rate
𝑏𝑏
𝑤𝑤 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1 3 𝑏𝑏 2 𝑏𝑏 1 2 𝑏𝑏
𝑄𝑄 = � 𝑉𝑉 ⋅ 𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑤𝑤 � 𝑢𝑢(𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � � � 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦 � + 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 �𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦 �
0 2𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 3 2 0 2𝑏𝑏 0
𝑤𝑤 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1 3 1 3 1 𝑤𝑤 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 3 𝑤𝑤
𝑄𝑄 = � � � 𝑏𝑏 − 𝑏𝑏 � + 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 �𝑏𝑏 − 𝑏𝑏� = − � � 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 +1.5
2𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 3 2 2 12𝜇𝜇 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes
Solution (3)
𝑘𝑘 = 5 − 3 = 2 +1
The repeating variables are 𝐷𝐷, 𝜇𝜇, and 𝑉𝑉; adding each remaining variable in turn, we find the Pi
terms:
𝑐𝑐 + 1 = 0
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑐 − 2 = 0
−𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
Therefore
𝑐𝑐 = −1, 𝑏𝑏 = −1 and 𝐷𝐷 = 1
Δ𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
Π1 = +3
𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇
𝑐𝑐 = 0
𝑎𝑎 + 1 = 0
−𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
Therefore
𝑙𝑙
Π2 = +3
𝐷𝐷
Finally,
Name:----------------- Exam 1 Time: 50 minutes
Δ𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑙
= 𝜙𝜙 � � = 𝐾𝐾
𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷
1
Δ𝑝𝑝 = 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐷𝐷2
Therefore
1
Δ𝑝𝑝 ∝ +2
𝐷𝐷2
Alternative Approach:
a) The repeating variables are 𝑙𝑙, 𝜇𝜇, and 𝑉𝑉; adding each remaining variable in turn, we find the Pi
terms:
Δ𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 +3
Π1 =
𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇
𝐷𝐷
Π2 = +3
𝑙𝑙
b)
Δ𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝐷𝐷
= 𝐾𝐾
𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 𝑙𝑙
1
Δ𝑝𝑝 = 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝑙𝑙 2
Δ𝑝𝑝 ∝ 𝐷𝐷 +2