საპროცესო კოდექსის კომენტარები PDF

Tengiz liluaSvili
valeri xrustali
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis
komentari
miRebulia 1997 wlis 14 noembers.
amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan.
(2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis mdgomareobiT)
meore gadamuSavebuli da Sesworebuli

gamocema
gamomcemloba `samarTali~
Tbilisi 2007
Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali
komentari moamzades:
Tengiz liluaSvilma, valeri xrustalma
© Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

© gamomcemloba `samarTali~
ISBN 978-99940-807-3-1
II
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari
pirveli gamocemis
winaTqma
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, ro-
melic amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan, agebulia dis-
poziciurobisa da SejibrebiTobis principebis sru-
li gaTvaliswinebiT da Seicavs iseT normebsac, rom-
lebic adre moqmed samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsTan
SedarebiT gansxvavebulad awesrigeben ama Tu im sap-
roceso moqmedebas, samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebiT wamoWril saproceso urTierTobebs. am
axali normebis WeSmariti azrisa da Sinaarsis gark-
vevaSi daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT, jer kidev kodeq-
sis amoqmedebis sawyis etapze gamoica Tengiz lilu-
aSvilis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `samoqalaqo
saqmeTa warmoeba sasamarTloSi~, aseve Tengiz lilu-
aSvilis da valeri xrustalis praqtikuli saxelmZR-
vanelo `saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqti-
ka udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dad-
genis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis 310-316-e muxlebis komentari~, romlebic
samoqalaqo procesis calkeuli institutebis mixed-
viT komentars warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, samo-
qalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gamoyenebis praqtikam
gviCvena muxlobrivi komentaris SemuSavebisa da ga-
mocemis mizanSewoniloba da aucilebloba.
komentarze muSaobis dros erT-erTi yvelaze rTu-
li problema, romelic avtorebis winaSe idga, esaa im
sakiTxebis rac SeiZleba zustad da amomwuravad gan-
sazRvra, romlebic SeiZleba wamoiWras ama Tu im mux-
lis gamoyenebisas. yvelaze qmediTi daxmareba am prob-
lemis daZlevaSi SeeZlo sasamarTlo praqtikas, rom-
lis monacemebs iTvaliswineben avtorebi. amasTan er-
Tad, cxovrebam SeiZleba iseTi sakiTxebic wamoWras,
III
romelTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli.

yoveli SeniSvna, winadadeba Tu rekomendacia, romleb-
sac mkiTxveli mogvawvdis, dagvexmareba Semdgomi ga-
mocemis momzadebisas da avtorebis mier didi madli-
erebiT iqneba miRebuli.
wigni gaTvaliswinebulia mosamarTleebisaTvis,
advokatebisaTvis, iuridiuli umaRlesi saswavleb-
lebis studentebisaTvis, aspirantebisa da pedago-
gebisaTvis, agreTve, samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebiT
dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.
IV
meore gamocemis winaTqma
am komentaris pirveli gamocemidan arc ise didi

droa gasuli, magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi
Setanili iqna mravali cvlileba da damateba. es
cvlilebebi da damatebebi ganpirobebuli iyo
ZiriTadad calkeul saproceso moqmedebaTa
Sesrulebisa da, mTlianad, samoqalaqo saqmis
sasamarTloSi warmoebis gamartivebiT, xarveziT
kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic gamovlinda samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis normaTa praqtikulad
gamoyenebis procesSi, cvlilebebiT sasamarTlo
sistemaSi, kerZod saolqo sasamarTloebis gauqmebiT
da raionuli sasamarTloebis gamsxvilebiT,
magistrati mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis SemoRebiT. rig
SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi Setanili
iqna principuli xasiaTis cvlilebebi, rogoricaa
magaliTad sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sruliad
axali wanamZRvrebis sakanonmdeblo wesiT
damkvidreba, cvlilebebi kerZo saCivris ganxilvis
wesebSi da a.S. cvlilebebi Seexo aramarto calkeul
muxlebs da am muxlebiT damkvidrebul debulebebs.
kodeqsSi Sevida axali Tavebi, rogoricaa „Tavi XLI1,
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena” da Tavi XLIV1.
„warmoeba reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an
adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT”.
samwuxarod unda aRiniSnos isic, rom zogierTi
cvlileba da damateba ar iyo yovelmxriv da
srulyofilad gaazrebuli proeqtis avtorebis mier,
razec naTlad metyvelebs kanonmdeblis
dausrulebeli zrunva kvlav Seitanos cvlileba da
V
damateba iseT muxlebSi, romlebmac sul exlaxan

ganicades aseTi cvlileba.
am komentaris avtorebs miaCniaT, rom SeiZleba arc
es komentari aRmoCndes mTlad unaklo da uxarvezo,
magram darwmunebuli varT, igi garkveul daxmarebas
aRmouCens sasamarTlos da sxva praqtikul
dawesebulebaTa muSakebs samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis calkeuli normebisa da debulebebis azrisa
da Sinaarsis sworad gagebaSi.
gamovTqvamT imeds, rom mkiTxveli mogvawvdis Tavis
SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs, rac did daxmarebas
gagviwevs Semdgomi gamocemis momzadebisas da
madlierebiT iqneba miRebuli avtorebis mier.
VI
Sinaarsi
pirveli gamocemis winaTqma ............................................... IV

meore gamocemis winaTqma .................................................... VI
Sinaarsi ............................................................................ VIII-XXIX
wigni pirveli
zogadi debulebani .................................................... 1
kari pirveli
sasamarTlo ....................................................................... 1
T a v i I
samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani ........1
muxli 1. gamoyenebis sfero ................................................................. 1
muxli 2. uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva ................................. 3
muxli 3. dispoziciurobis principi .............................................. 3
muxli 4. SejibrebiTobis principi .................................................. 7
muxli 5. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasa-
marTlos mier moqalaqeTa Tanasworobis
sawyisebze ................................................................................9
muxli 6. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba da maTi
kanonisadmi damorCileba ................................................. 10
muxli 7. kanonisa da samarTlis analogia ................................. 13
muxli 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana saqarTvelos saxeliT 16
muxli 9. samoqalaqo procesis saqveynooba da
samarTalwarmoebis ena ...................................................... 16
muxli 10. sasamrTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba 20
T a v i II
uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba ........................................ 22
muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba
sasamarTloebisadmi ......................................................... 22
muxli 12. davis gadacema gansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis 24
T a v i III
gansjadoba ..................................................................... 27
VII
muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi

samoqalaqo saqmeebi .......................................................... 27
muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo
saqmeebi ................................................................................... 29
muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba ........................................................... 32
muxli 16. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba ....................................... 36
muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac
saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili
(qonebrivi gansjadoba) ................................................... 39
muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba .................................................. 40
muxli 19. ojaxuri davebis gansjadoba ....................................... 41
muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelis arCeviT ................................ 42
muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb ................................. 43
muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebis dacviT miRebuli saqmis
ganxilva ................................................................................. 45
muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadi sasamarTlosaTvis ....... 46
muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davis dauSvebloba ................ 48
T a v i IV
sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba ........... 49
muxli 25. sasamarTlos Semadgenloba .......................................... 49
muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis saqmeTa
ganxilvis wesi. .................................................................... 50
muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier sakiTxebis
gadawyvetis wesi .................................................................. 53
muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba ................................................... 55
muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT
monawileobis dauSvebloba ........................................... 56
muxli 30. sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebis
daSvebis akrZalva ............................................................... 57
muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxva safuZvlebi ................ 58
muxli 32. TviTacileba ........................................................................ 61
muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb ...................... 61
muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebis gadawyvetis wesi ............. 63
muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis
mdivnis acilebis safuZveli ........................................ 68
muxli 36. acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis
gasaCivreba ........................................................................... 69
T a v i V
procesis xarjebi ........................................................ 70
muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra .......................................................... 70
muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi ................................................................ 71
muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ............................................ 72
VIII
muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba ............................................. 76

muxli 41. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi ......................... 78
muxli 42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar gansazRvra .................. 81
muxli 43. amoRebulia .......................................................................... 82
muxli 44. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi ....... 82
muxli 45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebisa da
TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxebi ...................... 84
muxli 46. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisufleba ................................................................87
muxli 47. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisufleba sasamarTlos mier .............................. 92
muxli 48. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba da maTi
odenobis Semcireba ........................................................... 94
muxli 49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis Semcireba .................... 95
muxli 50. adgilze daTvalierebiT gamowveuli xarjebis
anazRaureba .......................................................................... 97
muxli 51. mopasuxisa da movalis moZebna ................................... 98
muxli 52. mxaris mier sasamarTlo xarjebis winaswari
Setana ...................................................................................... 99
muxli 53.sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris100
muxli 54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis
gamo gadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawileba sarCelze
uaris Tqmisa da morigebisas ....................................... 103
muxli 55. saxelmwifosaTvis sasamarTlo xarjebis
anazRaureba ....................................................................... 104
muxli 56. amoRebulia ........................................................................ 105
T a v i VI
saproceso uzrunvelyofa ................................... 106
muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia ........................................... 106
muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna .......................... 108
T a v i VII
saproceso vadebi ...................................................... 110
muxli 59. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada ............... 110
muxli 60. saproceso vadis gamoTvla ......................................... 112
muxli 61. saproceso vadis damTavreba ..................................... 114
muxli 62. saproceso vadis SeCereba ........................................... 115
muxli 63. saproceso vadis gasvlis Sedegebi .......................... 116
muxli 64. saproceso vadis gagrZeleba ..................................... 117
muxli 65. saproceso vadis aRdgena ............................................. 118
muxli 66. gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb .. 119
muxli 67. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
forma da Sinaarsi ........................................................... 120
IX
muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

ganxilva .............................................................................. 120
muxli 69. saproceso vadis aRgenasTan dakavSirebuli
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba ...................... 121
T a v i VIII
sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba ........ 122
muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba ............................................................ 122
muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba ......................................... 125
muxli 72. sasamarTlo uwyebis Sinaarsi .................................... 127
muxli 73. sasamarTlo uwyebis gagzavna .................................... 128
muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi ... 132
muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ...................................... 134
muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmis warmoebis dros .......... 135
muxli 77. uwyebis Cabareba TanamonawilisaTvis ................... 136
muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis daudgenloba ........... 137
uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro
komentaris avtorTa rekomendaciebi ............ 138-141
kari meore
mxareebi .......................................................................... 142
T a v i IX
mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da
qmedunarianoba ................................................... 142
muxli 79. mxareebi samoqalaqo procesSi ................................. 142
muxli 80. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba ......... 144
muxli 81. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba ............... 146
muxli 811. arasrulwlovanis ufleba dacvaze ....................... 149
muxli 82. qmeduunaro mxaris saproceso warmomadgeneli
procesSi (saproceso mzrunveli) ............................. 149
muxli 83. mxareTa saproceso uflebebi .................................... 152
muxli 831 mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba ...................155
muxli 84. arasaTanado mosarCelis Secvla ............................. 157
muxli 85. arasaTanado mopasuxis Secvla ................................ 160
T a v i X
saproceso Tanamonawileoba .............................. 162
muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebi ................................. 162
muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso uflebebi ................... 166
T a v i XI
mesame pirebi ................................................................ 168
X
muxli 88. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo

moTxovniT ........................................................................... 168
muxli 89. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovnis gareSe ............................................................. 170
muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSi erT-erTi mxaris
iniciativiT ....................................................................... 173
muxli 91. mesame pirebis saproceso uflebebi ....................... 175
muxli 92. saproceso uflebamonacvleoba ............................... 175
T a v i XII
warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi ..................... 182
muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ........ 182
muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen
warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 184
muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen
warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 186
muxli 96. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis gaformeba .. 186
muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piris warmomadgenlad
daSvebaze, romelic ar aris advokati .................... 190
muxli 98. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba ........................... 191
muxli 99. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta
marwmuneblis mier .......................................................... 194
muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uari Tavis
uflebamosilebaze .....................................................195
muxli 101. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi ..................................... 196
kari mesame
sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi .............................. 200
T a v i XIII
mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba ...... 200
muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi. mtkicebulebaTa
dasaSveboba ....................................................................... 200
muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba ...................................... 204
muxli 104. mtkicebulebaTa miuRebloba .................................. 205
muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ......................................... 207
muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic ar saWiroeben mtkicebas ... 209
muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani ............................................. 211
muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi ............ 213
T a v i XIV
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa ...................... 215
muxli 109. Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................. 215
XI
muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi

saqmis aRZvramde ........................................................... 216
muxli 111. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 217
muxli 112. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 218
muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCineba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................ 220
muxli 114. specialistis monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis dros ............................................... 221
muxli 115. mxareTa monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofaSi .......................................................... 222
muxli 116. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis wesiT
Sekrebili masalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna 223
muxli 117. mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi an damatebiTi
uzrunvelyofa .............................................................. 224
muxli 118. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli
xarjebis anazRaurebis wesi .................................... 225
muxli 119. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gamotanili ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 226
T a v i XV
adgilze daTvaliereba ......................................... 227
muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis
adgilze daTvaliereba ............................................... 227
muxli 121. sasamarTlos ganCineba adgilze
daTvalierebis Sesaxeb .............................................. 228
muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba ......................... 230
muxli 123. specialistis monawileoba adgilze
daTvalierebaSi .............................................................. 230
muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawile pirTa ufleba-
movaleobebi ..................................................................... 231
muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmis Sinaarsi ................................ 232
muxli 126. daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis
dafarva .............................................................................. 233
T a v i XVI
mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba ..................................... 234
muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis miReba ......................... 234
muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 236
muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar SeiZleba axsna-
ganmartebis miReba ....................................................... 238
muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba erT-erTi mxaris
gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi ............................... 239
muxli 131. aRiareba ............................................................................ 240
XII
muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma .......................................... 242

muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwyleba mxaris mier ...................... 243
T a v i XVII
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba .................................. 245
muxli 134. werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi da maTi
wardgenis wesi ................................................................ 245
muxli 135. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis dednis wardgena .. 247
muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTvis werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis
wardgenis savaldebulooba ...................................... 248
muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb .................. 251
muxli 138. werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa amonaweris wardgena
da maTi daTvaliereba Senaxvis adgilze .............. 254
muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxva da dabruneba .............. 254
T a v i XVIII
mowmeTa Gveneba .......................................................... 256
muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba .......................................................... 256
muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen
mowmed ................................................................................ 257
muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba ................ 258
muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze
uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad ........................... 259
muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba daasabuTos uaris Tqma
Cvenebis micemaze ............................................................ 261
muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba .......................................................... 262
muxli 146. mowmis ufleba ................................................................ 263
muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis adgilsamyofelze ............... 264
muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva ............................................................. 265
muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxva. mowmeTa
dapirispireba .................................................................. 267
muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT sargebloba ................... 268
muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis dakiTxvaze ................................. 269
muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva ......................... 269
muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba .......................................... 270
T a v i XIX
nivTieri mtkicebuleba ......................................... 274
muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani, maTi gamoTxovisa da
wardgenis wesi ................................................................. 274
muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsac unda waredginos
nivTieri mtkicebuleba ................................................ 275
muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba 276
XIII
muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri mtkicebulebis

wardgenaze uaris Tqma .................................................. 278
muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ...................... 279
muxli 159. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa adgilze
daTvaliereba ................................................................. 280
muxli 160. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva ........................... 281
muxli 161. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa dabruneba .................... 282
T a v i XX
eqspertis daskvna ..................................................... 284
muxli 162. eqspertizis daniSvna .................................................. 284
muxli 163. ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ............ 286
muxli 164. ramdenime eqspertis daniSvna ................................. 288
muxli 165. eqspertizis Catarebis adgili ............................... 289
muxli 166. eqspertizis Catarebis wesi specialur
saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi ....................................... 289
muxli 167. eqspertizis Catareba arasaeqsperto
dawesebulebaSi ............................................................... 290
muxli 168. eqspertis uflebebi da movaleobebi ................... 291
muxli 169. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro
masalebis Segroveba ...................................................... 294
muxli 170. eqspertis daskvnis forma da Sinaarsi ................ 295
muxli 171. eqspertis daskvnis Semowmeba. eqspertisaTvis
SekiTxvis micemis wesi .................................................. 297
muxli 172. eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba .................................... 298
muxli 173. damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis
daniSvna .............................................................................. 299
muxli 174. eqspertizis masalebis dabruneba
sasamarTlosaTvis ......................................................... 300
muxli 175. ficis dadeba eqspertis mier ................................... 301
muxli 176. eqspertis gasamrjelo ............................................... 302
wigni meore
saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli instanciis
sasamarTloSi ............................................................. 304
kari meoTxe
sasarCelo warmoeba ................................................. 304
T a v i XXI
saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT ...... 304
muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra .................................................................. 304
muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi ........................................................ 305
XIV
muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi .. 309

muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli ..................................................... 310
muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Sesrulebis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 312
muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianeba da
gamoyofa ........................................................................... 313
muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gamotanis vada .............................................................. 317
muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis
aslebis gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis ....................... 318
muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCineha da sarCelis ukan
dabruneba ......................................................................... 320
muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma ................................ 321
muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 326
T a v i XXII
Segebebuli sarGeli ................................................. 329
muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra ................................... 329
muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis pirobebi .............. 331
muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvris gamo ................................................................... 334
T a v i XXIII
sarGelis uzrunvelyofa ....................................... 335
muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb . 335
muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde ......................... 338
muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ...................................... 339
muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ..... 340
muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
aRsruleba ........................................................................ 342
muxli 196. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis Secvla
meoriT .............................................................................. 343
muxli 197. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 344
muxli 1971. sasamarTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miReba da
ganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis
gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ........................ 346
muxli 198. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi ............. 350
muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT gamowveuli zaralis
anazRaureba .................................................................... 353
muxli 1991. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gauqmeba ................................................... 356
XV
T a v i XXIV
saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze gansaxilvelad ...................................... 358
muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani ........................................... 358
muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebi mopasuxisadmi ............ 360
muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis gadagzavna
mosarCelisaTvis ............................................................ 362
muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle
saqmis momzadebis mizniT ........................................... 364
muxli 204. specialistis mowveva ................................................. 367
muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomis daniSvna ........................... 369
muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba ....................................................... 370
muxli 207. ganCineba saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
ganxilvis Sesaxeb ........................................................... 371
muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 373
muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta da sarCelis
(gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmis
momzadebis dros ............................................................ 374
T a v i XXV
sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma ............................. 376
muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis dawyeba ................ 376
muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniT mosamarTlis
miTiTebaTa savaldebulooba ................................... 378
muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis
pasuxismgebloba ............................................................ 379
muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi movaleobis ganmarteba .. 386
muxli 214. sasamarTlo Semadgenlobis gamocxadeba da
acilebis uflebis ganmarteba ................................. 387
muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis
ganxilva ............................................................................ 389
muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba da gagrZeleba .......... 393
muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba ........................................... 396
muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo
saqmeebis ganxilva ........................................................ 399
muxli 218. moqmedeba romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle
mxareTa morigebis mizniT ......................................... 401
muxli 219. axal garemoebebze miTiTeba .................................... 402
muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miReba gamocxadebuli
pirisagan ........................................................................... 403
muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi ....................................................... 404
muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 405
muxli 223. mxareTa Sejibrebis xelmZRvaneloba .................. 405
XVI
muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis Secvlisa da

mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris
Sesaxeb sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi ........................ 407
muxli 225. warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ........... 408
muxli 226. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis damTavreba ............ 409
muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba .......................................................... 410
muxli 228. replika ............................................................................. 411
T a v i XXVI
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ............................ 413
muxli 229. mosarCelis gamoucxadebloba ................................ 413
muxli 230. mopasuxis gamoucxadebloba .................................... 415
muxli 231. orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba .............................. 418
muxli 232. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxaris
uari monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi ...... 419
muxli 233. sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis dauSvebloba .............................................. 420
muxli 234. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ............ 422
muxli 235. gadawyvetilebis aslis gagzavna ............................ 423
muxli 236. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ...... 423
muxli 237. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
vada ..................................................................................... 424
muxli 238. saCivris Sinaarsi .......................................................... 424
muxli 239. sasamarTlos moqmedeba saCivris miRebis
Semdeg ................................................................................. 426
muxli 240. axali gadawyvetileba ................................................ 427
muxli 241. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
safuZvlebi ...................................................................... 430
muxli 242. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ..... 431
T a v i XXVII
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .............................. 432
muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba .......................................... 432
muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic unda gadawydes
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros .......................... 433
muxli 245. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba .................................. 434
muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawyvetileba ............. 436
muxli 247. gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibeba ............................... 437
muxli 248. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis farglebi ........ 438
muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ......................................... 439
muxli 250. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis
Camoyalibeba ................................................................... 443
muxli 251. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis wesisa da vadis
gansazRvra. aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa .............. 444
XVII
muxli 252. gadawyvetileba iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi

Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ............................. 444
muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebis mikuTvnebis an misi
Rirebulebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb .................... 445
muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelic mopasuxes avalebs
gansazRvruli moqmedebis Sesrulebas ................. 446
muxli 255. gadawyvetileba saxelmwifo organoebis,
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis,
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da
Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da
gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb ...... 447
muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenime mosarCelis
sasargeblod an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg 449
muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gadadeba ................. 450
muxli 258. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 453
muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebis gagzavna
mxareebisaTvis ................................................................ 453
muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSi usworobaTa da aSkara
ariTmetikuli Secdomebis gasworeba .................... 454
muxli 261. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba ..................................... 455
muxli 262. gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba .................................... 459
muxli 263. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba an
ganawilvadeba, aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis
Secvla ................................................................................ 461
T a v i XXVIII
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri
Zala. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv
aRsruleba ..................................................................... 464
muxli 264. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvla ................................................................................ 464
muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba an Secvla ........................................................ 466
muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Sedegebi ............................................................. 467
muxli 267. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba ............ 468
muxli 2671. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis da
gadawyvetis wesi ............................................................ 469
muxli 2672. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
Sebruneba ......................................................................... 470
muxli 268. dauyovnebliv aRsasrulebeli
gadawyvetilebebi ......................................................... 472
muxli 269. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba ..... 475
XVIII
muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos

ganCinebis gasaCivreba ................................................ 476
muxli 271. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa . 476
T a v i XXIX
saqmis warmoebis damTavreba
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gareSe................ 478
muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta ......................................... 478
muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 481
muxli 274. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 482
muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba ........................ 483
muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ........................ 486
muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadis dadgena sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis dros ............................... 487
muxli 278. ganuxilvelad datovebuli sarCelis
ganmeorebiT wardgena .................................................. 487
T a v i XXX
saqmis warmoebis SeGereba .................................... 488
muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleoba SeaCeros saqmis
warmoeba ............................................................................ 488
muxli 280. sasamarTlos ufleba SeaCeros saqmis
warmoeba ........................................................................ 491
muxli 281. saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis vadebi ........................ 493
muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 495
muxli 283. saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ...................................... 495
T a v i XXXI
sasamarTlo ganGineba ............................................ 497
muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana ..................................................... 497
muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi ...................................................... 500
muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis 501
T a v i XXXII
sasamarTlo oqmi ....................................................... 502
muxli 287. oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulooba ........................... 502
muxli 288. oqmis Sinaarsi ................................................................ 503
muxli 289. oqmis Sedgenisa da gaformebis wesi ...................... 505
muxli 290. magnitur firze Cawerili oqmi ............................... 507
muxli 291. SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTan dakavSirebiT ........... 507
XIX
kari mexuTe
gamartivebuli warmoeba ....................................... 509
T a v i XXXIII
Tamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZruli
sarGelebis ganxilva ................................................ 509
muxli 292. dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 509
muxli 293. Tamasuqis wardgena ...................................................... 510
muxli 294. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 511
muxli 295. vada uwyebis Cabarebidan sasamarTlo
sxdomamde ......................................................................... 511
muxli 296. mtkicebulebebi ............................................................. 512
muxli 297. gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvaze
uaris Tqma ........................................................................ 513
muxli 298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa da Segebebuli
sarCelebis aRZvris dauSvebloba ........................... 513
muxli 299. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis daTqma .............. 514
muxli 300. saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba ..................................... 515
muxli 301. Cekis Taobaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoeba ...... 516
T a v i XXXIV
davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis
ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 518
muxli 302. dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 518
muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis
Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 519
muxli 305. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ............................. 522
muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba ......................................................... 523
muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli (protesti) .......................... 525
muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davis sasarCelo warmoebis
wesiT ................................................................................... 526
muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba ............................... 528
T a v i XXXIVI
lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmis
ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 529
muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba ................................................................... 529
muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis
mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis
Taobaze ............................................................................. 530
XX
muxli 309 3. gansjadoba .................................................................... 531

muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze
gancxadebis umoZraod datoveba .......................... 532
gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ......................... 533
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba .. 534
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb
brZanebis gasaCivreba ................................................. 534
kari meeqvse
udavo warmoeba .......................................................... 536
T a v i XXXV
zogadi debulebani .................................................. 536
muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo warmoebis wesiT
gansaxilveli saqmeebi .................................................. 536
muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilva ........... 537
T a v i XXXVI
iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis
dadgena ........................................................................... 540
muxli 312. sasamarTlos mier gansaxilveli saqmeebi
dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................ 540
muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis
dadgenisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi .................... 544
muxli 3131. administraciuli organos pasuxismgebloba .. 547
muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 548
muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 549
muxli 316. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis
dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................. 550
T a v i XXXVII
moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad
aRiareba da moqalaqis gardacvlilad
gamocxadeba ................................................................. 553
XXI
muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis

miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 555
muxli 320. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 556
muxli 321. ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli an
gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqalaqis
gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis
Sedegebi .............................................................................. 557
T a v i XXXVIII
moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad da
qmeduunarod aRiareba ........................................... 559
muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvna moqalaqis fsiqikuri
mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniT ........................... 562
muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 563
muxli 326. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis
gamo ..................................................................................... 565
muxli 327. SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmeba da
moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba ........................ 566
T a v i XXXIX
dakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlo
fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian
qaRaldze uflebis aRdgena ................................ 568
muxli 330. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis
miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 571
muxli 331. publikacia ...................................................................... 572
muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonis gancxadeba ............................. 573
muxli 333. mosamarTlis moqmedeba sabuTis
xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ...... 573
muxli 334. saqmis daniSvna gansaxilvelad .............................. 575
muxli 335. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis
gamo ..................................................................................... 576
muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba aRZras sarCeli
qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb .................... 576
T a v i XLL
qonebis upatronod cnoba .................................... 578
muxli 339. publikacia ...................................................................... 579
XXII
muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis sasarCelo wesiT

dacva .................................................................................. 580
muxli 341. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 581
T a v i XLLI
sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebulia
muxli 342-348 amoRebulia .......................................................... 583
T a v i XLLII
Svilad ayvana .............................................................. 583
muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb ....................... 583
muxli 351. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ................................. 586
T a v i XLLII1
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena ............ 588
muxli 3511.
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis wesi ...... 588
muxli 3512.
gancxadebis Setana gansjad sasamarTloSi ...... 588
muxli 3513.
gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 590
muxli 3514.
gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ..................................... 592
muxli 3515.
sasamarTlos ganCineba dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ...................................... 595
muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis
SeuZlebloba .................................................................. 597
kari meSvide
saojaxo, administraciuli, saxelmwifo-
samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan
warmoSobili da reketuli qonebis
CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis
ganxilvis Taviseburebani ...................................... 598
T a v i XLLIII
saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis
Taviseburebani .....................................................................598
muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero ........................................................ 598
muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba .......................... 598
muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena sasamarTlos
iniciativiT ...................................................................... 599
XXIII
muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi gankarguleba ................. 600

muxli 356. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis an
qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb ...................... 602
T a v i XLLIV
amoRebulia .............................................. 6 0 3
T a v i XLLIV1
warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT ............................... 604
muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba .................................................. 604
muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra reketulil an qurduli
samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis
Taobaze .............................................................................. 607
muxli 3563. qonebis cnoba reketulad, qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis ukanonod
da dausabuTeblad cnoba .......................................... 610
muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba .......................................... 614
muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeb-
lad cnobis iuridiuli Sedegebi ........................... 615
muxli 3566. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ................................ 618
wigni mesame
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
gasaCivreba ................................................................... 620
kari merve
apelacia ......................................................................... 620
T a v i XLLV
apelaciis dasaSveboba .......................................... 620
muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris Setana ..................................... 620
muxli 365. saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba ......................... 622
muxli 366. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis saapelacio
wesiT gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba .............................. 624
muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSic SeiZleba saapelacio
saCivris Setana .............................................................. 626
muxli 368. saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi ................................ 627
XXIV
muxli 369. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada ........................ 632

muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma ................. 634
muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavna saapelacio sasamarTloSi .. 635
T a v i XLLVI
saqmis warmoeba saapelacio
sasamarTloSi ............................................................. 636
muxli 372. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 636
muxli 373. saqmis momzadeba saapelacio sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad ............................ 636
muxli 374. saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .. 640
muxli 375. saapelacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi .................... 642
muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 644
muxli 377. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 645
muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma ......................... 648
muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari ........................... 649
muxli 380. axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi ........................ 652
muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 654
muxli 382. mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva .................................... 655
muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 656
T a v i XLLVII
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba . 659
muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 659
muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan
dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad ....................... 660
muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ........ 662
muxli 387. mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi ................... 664
muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna ................................................ 666
muxli 389. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis
Sinaarsi ............................................................................. 667
muxli 390. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis Sinaarsi . 670
kari mecxre
kasacia ............................................................................ 673
T a v i XLLVIII
kasaciis dasaSveboba .............................................. 673
muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 673
muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos didi palatisTvis ............................. 683
muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
dauSvebloba ................................................................... 687
XXV
muxli 393. sakasacio saCivris safuZvlebi .............................. 688

muxli 394. sakasacio saCivris absoluturi safuZvlebi .. 692
muxli 395. sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 698
muxli 396. sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi .................................... 699
muxli 397. sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada ............................ 704
muxli 398. saqmis gadagzavna sakasacio sasamarTloSi ...... 707
T a v i XLLIX
saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi ... 708
muxli 399. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 708
muxli 400. sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna meore
mxarisaTvis, pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze ............. 709
muxli 401. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba ...... 710
muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi ....................... 712
muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 713
muxli 404. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 714
muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari .............................. 718
muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 719
muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi safuZveli ........................ 720
muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 724
T a v i LL
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba .... 728
muxli 409.
gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 728
muxli 410.
uari sakasacio saCivarze ......................................... 729
muxli 411.
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ............ 730
muxli 412.
saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis dabruneba
xelaxla gansaxilvelad ............................................. 731
muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba ................................................. 734
kari meaTe
kerZo saCivari ............................................................ 735
T a v i LLI
kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis
wesi .................................................................................... 735
muxli 414.
kerZo saCivris Setana ................................................. 735
muxli 415.
kerZo saCivris forma .................................................. 736
muxli 416.
kerZo saCivris Setanis vada .................................... 737
muxli 417.
kerZo saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis
gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ......................... 738
muxli 418. kerZo saCivris Setanis Sedegi ................................ 738
muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZo saCivris Taobaze ............ 739
XXVI
muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis wesi ................................ 741
kari meTerTmete
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ................................. 743
T a v i LLII
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb da misi ganxilvis wesi ........................... 743
muxli 421. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis saxeebi .................... 743
muxli 422. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)
baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb .............................................. 745
muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ..................... 748
muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi ........................................... 753
muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada .......................................... 753
muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................... 757
muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba gancxadebis
ganxilvisagan ................................................................. 759
muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .................... 760
muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 761
muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva .............................................................. 763
muxli 432. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba .................................... 763
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali

da daskvniTi debulebani ..................................... 765
muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
amoqmedeba ........................................................................ 765
muxli 434. Zaladakarguli normatiuli aqtebis nusxa ...... 765
muxli 435. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis
moqmedeba droSi ............................................................ 765
muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamde sasamarTloebSi miRebuli,
jer kidev daumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva ... 766
muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis
sasamarTloTa gansjadoba ......................................... 768
XXVII
muxli 440. warmomadgenlis saqmianobis SezRudva

samoqalaqo procesSi .................................................. 768
muxli 441. ................................................................................................ 769
muxli 442. saapelacio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis
ganxorcielebaze warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebis
gadacema da sakasacio saCivrebis ganxilva ...... 769
muxli 443. saapelacio saCivris ganxilva
erTpirovnulad...................................................................770
XXVIII
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari
wigni pirveli
zogadi debulebani
kari pirveli
sasamarTlo
T a v i I
samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani
muxli 1. gamoyenebis sfero

1. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebi sa-
moqalaqo saqmeebs ganixilaven am kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesebis mixedviT.
2. samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba xorci-
eldeba saproceso kanonmdeblobiT, rom-
lebic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis, calkeu-
li saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis an
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
dros.
1. pirveli muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sa-

moqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogad
wess, romlis Tanaxmad aseT saqmeebs saerTo sasamarT-
loebi ganixilaven. saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebrivi
qvemdebareobis sakiTxi ufro konkretulad Camoyali-
bebulia me-11 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
aqve gansazRvrulia samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarT-
loSi ganxilvis wesi _ saerTo sasamarTloebma saqmeTa
ganxilvis dros unda ixelmZRvanelon mxolod samo-
qalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebiT.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTa gan-
xilvis esa Tu is wesi gansazRvros sxva romelime ka-
nonma, maT Soris samoqalaqo kodeqsma, sagadasaxado
kodeqsma, Sromis kodeqsma da a. S. Tu es wesebi ar See-
sabameba an ewinaaRmdegeba samoqalaqo saproceso ko-
1
deqss, an im principebs, romlebzec es kodeqsia agebu-

li, maSin gamoiyeneba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
gansazRvruli wesebi.
_ sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon isic,
rom saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis me-2 pun-
qtis Sesabamisad, Tu samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
esa Tu is norma ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos saerTa-
Soriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, maSin gamoiye-
neba am saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT Tu SeTanxmebiT
gansazRvruli wesi.
2. pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqa-
laqo saproceso kodeqsis moqmedebas droSi. aq dam-
kvidrebulia principi, romlis Tanaxmad samoqalaqo
saproceso kanons ukuqceviTi Zala ar aqvs.
es imas niSnavs, rom samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba
sasamarTloSi xorcieldeba im saproceso kanonmdeb-
lobis mixedviT, romelic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis,
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Tu ga-
dawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis dros. igive principi dam-
kvidrebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis garda-
mavali debulebebis 435-e muxliT.
_ praqtikuli daskvna, romelic am principidan ga-
momdinareobs, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: Tu sarCelis aR-
Zvra moxda da saqmis warmoeba gaixsna axali samoqala-
qo saproceso kanonis amoqmedebamde, xolo Semdeg mi-
Rebul iqna axali kanoni (kodeqsi), sasamarTlom unda
gamoiyenos es axali kanoni (kodeqsi), damoukideb-
lad imisa, saqmis warmoebis gaxsna da, SeiZleba, am saq-
mis ganxilvac daiwyo Tu ara Zveli saproceso kanonm-
deblobis moqmedebis pirobebSi.
aseT SemTxvevaSi is saproceso moqmedeba, romelic
Sesrulda Zveli kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad,
CaiTvleba marTlzomierad (Sesrulebulad) da am moq-
medebis ganmeorebiT Sesruleba axali kanoniT dadge-
nili wesiT _ dauSvebelia. xolo iseTi saproceso moq-
medebebi, romlebic axali kanonmdeblobis amoqmede-
bis pirobebSi unda ganxorcieldes, Sesruldeba ara
2
Zveli, aramed am axali kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesa-

bamisad.
muxli 2. uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT

dacva
1. yoveli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofilia

uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva. saqmis
ganxilvas sasamarTlo Seudgeba im piris
gancxadebiT, romelic mimarTavs mas Tavisi
uflebis an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli in-
teresebis dasacavad.
2. gancxadebis miRebasa da saqmis ganxil-
vaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxo-
lod am kodeqsiT dadgenili safuZvlebiTa
da wesiT.
1. me-2 muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia pi-

ris umniSvnelovanesi ufleba mimarTos sasamarTlos
Tavisi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dacvis miz-
niT (sarCelis ufleba saproceso samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT). sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, namdvilad darR-
veulia Tu ara piris ufleba da marTla aucilebelia
Tu ara am uflebis dacva _ es aris sakiTxi, romelic
unda gairkves saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad _ sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebiT.
2. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs uari uTxras pirs sar-
Celis (gancxadebis) miRebaze da ganxilvaze, e. i. ufle-
bis dacvaze, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebu-
li SemTxvevebisa (180-e, 185-e da 186-e muxlebi).
muxli 3. dispoziciurobis principi
1. mxareebi iwyeben saqmis warmoebas sasa-

marTloSi, am kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli we-
sebis Sesabamisad, sarCelis an gancxadebis
Setanis gziT. isini gansazRvraven davis
3
sagans da TviTonve iReben gadawyvetile-

bas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb.
2. mxareebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba mo-
rigebiT daamTavron. mosarCeles SeuZlia
uari Tqvas sarCelze, xolo mopasuxes _
cnos sarCeli.
1. dispoziciurobis principi samoqalaqo saproce-

so samarTalSi niSnavs mxareTa Tavisuflebas gankar-
gon TavianTi materialuri da saproceso uflebe-
bi. am principebzea agebuli samoqalaqo saproceso ka-
nonmdebloba. uflebis dasacavad sasamarTloSi mimar-
Tva TviT dainteresebuli piris neba-survilzea da-
mokidebuli. misi nebis gareSe aravis ar aqvs ufleba
mimarTos sasamarTlos. marTalia pirs SeuZlia awar-
moos saqme sasamarTloSi piradad an warmomadgenlis
meSveobiT, magram es arafers ar cvlis: piri TviTon
iRebs gadawyvetilebas aRZras sarCeli sasamarTlo-
Si, magram praqtikulad sarCelis aRZvra, aseve mTlia-
nad saqmis warmoeba mas SeuZlia miandos warmomadge-
nels (93-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda iyos weri-
lobiTi formiT da unda pasuxobdes kanoniT gaTvalis-
winebul moTxovnebs (178-e da 303-e muxlebi).
_ mxareebis mier davis sagnis gansazRvra _ dispo-
ziciurobis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa. es
imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs gascdes
sasarCelo moTxovnis farglebs, Secvalos sarCelis
sagani an safuZveli, gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovnis
odenoba. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs agreTve miakuT-
vnos mxares Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT is, rac mas ar uT-
xovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda (248-e muxli).
2. saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi mxare-
Ta Soris warmoSobili dava gadawydeba aramarto iu-
ridiulad, aramed faqtobrivad, maSin, rodesac Tu
dava sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gadaiWra, es marTa-
lia aris am davis iuridiuli gadawyveta, magram faq-
4
tobrivad dava mxareebs Soris SeiZleba gagrZeldes

da kidev ufro gamwvavdes. amitom, sasamarTlom yo-
velTvis unda ecados, rom mxareTa Soris wamoWrili
dava morigebiT daamTavros (205-e da 218-e muxlebi).
_ saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT mo-
sarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma _ esaa materialur-
samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqti, ise rogorc,
vTqvaT, sakuTari nivTis gaCuqeba. sarCelze uaris
Tqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiTac, rom mosarCele
sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis procesSi darwmunde-
ba Tavisi moTxovnis usafuZvlobaSi da a.S.
_ ra motiviTac ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli mosar-
Celis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, mas ukavSirdeba me-
tad seriozuli Sedegebi _ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta,
ris Sedegadac mas samudamod erTmeva ufleba kvlav
aRZras igive sarCeli sasamarTloSi imave mopasuxis mi-
marT (273-e muxlis me-2 nawili). ganCinebaze saqmis war-
moebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Se-
tana. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa mori-
gebis Tu sarCelze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi warmoebs
54-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ sarCelze uaris Tqmisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sar-
Celis gamoxmoba anu ukan gaTxova mosarCelis mier,
rasac arc ise iSviaTad aqvs adgili praqtikaSi (831-e
muxli).
sarCelis (gancxadebis) gamoxmobis dros mosarCe-
le uars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze, aramed mas am
etapze ar surs am sarCelis sasamarTloSi ganxil-
va. amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoebis Sewy-
veta 272-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze dauSve-
belia, radgan am safuZvliT saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta
arTmevs mosarCeles uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamar-
Tlos igive sarCeliT.1
_ sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis) uflebas ko-
1
aseTi, savsebiT swori da iuridiulad dasabuTebuli pozicia
Camoayaliba sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis 24.IV.2002 wlis gan-
CinebaSi. ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #7, gv. 1139.
5
deqsi ar iTvaliswinebda, magram aseTi ufleba gamom-

dinareobda am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan,
romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve iReben gadawy-
vetilebas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb da
maTve unda SeeZloT miiRon gadawyvetileba Setani-
li sarCelis ukan gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. saproceso
kodeqss daemata 831 muxli, romlis Tanaxmad sarCelis
gamoxmoba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, dasaSvebia
mxolod mopasuxis TanxmobiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxveva-
Si sasamarTlom unda ganixilos sarCeli saerTo wesiT.
_ sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisa da misi
mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo xar-
jebi, rac gaweuli iyo sarCelis gamoxmobamde, unda dae-
kisros mosarCeles. cxadia, rom mosarCeles kvlav SeuZ-
lia mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT 278-e muxlis
safuZvelze (ix. 831 da 278-e muxlebis komentari).
_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobac warmoadgens
dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas,
kerZod, mopasuxis mier Tavisi materialur-samarT-
lebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqts.
_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayo-
filebis Sesaxeb. Tu mopasuxem sarCeli cno saqmis mom-
zadebis stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac werilobiT acnoba sa-
samarTlos (201-e da 205-e muxlebi), maSin sasamarTlo
niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da gamoaqvs gadawyve-
tileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb (208-e mux-
lis me-3 nawili). mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabr-
kolebs aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebas.
Tu mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas adgili hqonda
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, am SemTxveva-
Sic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis cnoba (aRiareba) unda ganvasxvavoT
faqtis aRiarebisagan, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 131-e
muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
6
sarCelis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aRar

amowmebs da afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.
Tavis gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Se-
saxeb igi afuZnebs mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas.
sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba unda moxdes 53-e
muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 4. SejibrebiTobis principi
1. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs Sejib-

rebiTobis safuZvelze. mxareebi sargeb-
loben Tanabari uflebebiTa da SesaZleb-
lobebiT, daasabuTon TavianTi moTxovne-
bi, uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxaris
mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebe-
bi Tu mtkicebulebebi. mxareebi TviTonve
gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda
daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an ro-
meli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadas-
turebuli es faqtebi.
2. saqmis garemoebaTa gasarkvevad sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT mi-
marTos am kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebul Ro-
nisZiebebs.
samoqalaqo procesSi cnobilia faqtebis dadgeni-

sa da mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis garkvevis ori Zi-
riTadi meTodi: pirveli _ esaa samZebro anu inkvizi-
ciuri meTodi, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo ver das-
jerdeba mxareTa mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs
da TviTonaa valdebuli Tavisi iniciativiT Sekribos
mtkicebulebebi, gansazRvros mtkicebis sagani, miiRos
yvela zoma mxareTa uflebebisa da movaleobebis da-
sadgenad. es meTodi daedo safuZvlad saqarTvelos
1964 wlis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqss. meore _ esaa
SejibrebiTobis meTodi, romelic gulisxmobs mxare-
Ta aqtiurobas da romlis mixedviT mtkicebis sagnis
7
gansazRvra da am saganSi Semavali faqtebis damtkice-

bis tvirTi mTlianad ekisreba mxareebs. sasamarTlos
aqtivoba, misi iniciativiT mtkicebis procesSi Careva
dasaSvebia im zomiT da farglebSi, rac gaTvaliswine-
bulia am kodeqsiT. am meTodzea agebuli saqarTvelos
axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.
1. SejibrebiToba niSnavs modave mxareTa Tanabar Se-
saZleblobas gankargon faqtiuri garemoebebis dadge-
nis saproceso saSualebebi, agreTve mxareTa uflebas,
miuTiTon faqtebze TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageb-
lis dasasabuTeblad (`faqtebis miTiTebis tvirTi~) da
warmoadginon mtkicebulebebi am faqtebis dadasture-
ba-damtkicebisaTvis (`faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi~).
sasamarTlo SeboWilia aramarto mxareTa sasarCelo
moTxovnis Tu Sesageblis farglebiT (248-e muxli), ara-
med mxareTa miTiTebiT Tu romeli faqtebi unda dae-
dos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs, an romeli mtkicebu-
lebebiT unda iqnes dadasturebuli es faqtebi.
2. me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia sasamarTlos
iniciativaze mtkicebis procesSi. magram sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gamoiCinos iniciativa im farglebSi, ra farg-
lebSic amas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvalis-
winebs. magaliTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazos
mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi,
gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT
(103-e da 203-e muxli); sasamarTlos mixedulebazea da-
mokidebuli romeli mtkicebuleba miiRos da romeli
ar miiRos (104-e muxli); sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciati-
viT SeuZlia daadginos agreTve nivTieri da werilo-
biTi mtkicebulebis adgilze daTvaliereba (120-e mux-
li), daniSnos eqspertiza (162-e muxli) da a. S.
kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis
garda (magaliTad, 350-e muxlis me-3 nawili) mtkicebu-
lebaTa Segroveba mxareTa Suamdgomlobis gareSe Se-
iZleba gaxdes mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) acilebis sa-
fuZveli (31-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqti).
8
muxli 5. marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcieleba mxolod
sasamarTlos mier moqalaqeTa
Tanasworobis sawyisebze
marTlmsajulebas samoqalaqo saqmeebze
axorcielebs mxolod sasamarTlo kanonisa
da sasamarTlos winaSe yvela piris Tanas-
worobis sawyisebze.
me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia sami erTmaneTisagan

damoukidebeli principi: a) marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier; b) kanonis wina-
Se yvela piris Tanasworoba; g) sasamarTlos winaSe
yvela piris Tanasworoba.
_ saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
sasamarTlo xelisufleba xorcieldeba sakonstitu-
cio kontrolis, marTlmsajulebis da kanoniT dadge-
nili sxva formebis meSveobiT. amave konstituciis 83-
e muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlmsajulebas axorcieleben
saerTo sasamarTloebi.
amrigad, marTlmsajuleba ganekuTvneba gansakuT-
rebul saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaTa kategorias, ro-
melic SeiZleba ganaxorcielos mxolod saerTo sasa-
marTloebma. Tavis mxriv, marTlmsajulebis ganxorci-
eleba samoqalaqo saqmeebze niSnavs imas, rom sasamar-
Tlom ganuxrelad unda ixelmZRvanelos saqmeTa gan-
xilvis im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT. samoqalaqo saqmeTa gan-
xilva am wesebis ugulebelyofiT an am wesebidan arse-
biTi gadaxveviT aRar iqneba marTlmsajuleba.
_ me-5 muxliT damkvidrebulia meore mniSvnelova-
ni principi _ kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad yve-
la adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad ra-
sisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politi-
kuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da
9
socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da

wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli adgilisa.
kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principi warmoadgens
socialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da politikuri
cxovrebis sferoebSi saerTo Tanasworobis konkre-
tul gamovlinebas. kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba niSnavs
imas, rom kanonis esa Tu is danawesi erTnairad unda
iqnes gamoyenebuli da Sefardebuli mxareebis mimarT,
damoukideblad imisa, Tu vin gvevlineba mxared _ fi-
zikuri piri, sajaro Tu kerZo iuridiuli piri.
_ me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia kidev erTi principi
_ sasamarTlos winaSe mxareTa Tanasworoba.
es principi gulisxmobs, jer erTi, imas rom mxare-
ebs samoqalaqo procesSi ufleba aqvT mousminon, Tu
ras amboben maT winaaRmdeg, meore, maT ufleba aqvT
TviTon iqnan mosmenilni imis Sesaxeb, risi Tqmac un-
daT rogorc mowinaaRmdege mxaris misamarTiT, ise Ta-
visi Tavis dasacavad.
mxareTa sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis princi-
pi niSnavs agreTve imasac, rom saqmis ganxilvis pro-
cesSi orive mxares hqondes erTnairi saproceso uf-
lebebi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasa-
buTeblad (83-e muxli).
muxli 6. mosamarTleTa
damoukidebloba da maTi kanonisadmi
damorCileba
1. mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damouki-

debelia da emorCileba mxolod saqarTve-
los konstituciasa da kanons. raime zemoq-
medeba mosamarTleze an Careva mis saqmiano-
baSi gadawyvetilebis miRebaze zegavlenis
mizniT akrZalulia da isjeba kanoniT.
2. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos
azriT, kanoni, romelic am saqmisaTvis un-
da iqnes gamoyenebuli, ar Seesabameba an
10
ewinaaRmdegeba konstitucias, sasamarTlo

SeaCerebs saqmis ganxilvas am sakiTxze sa-
konstitucio sasamarTlos mier gadawyve-
tilebis miRebamde, ris Semdegac saqmis gan-
xilva ganaxldeba.
3. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos
azriT, kanons ar Seesabameba kanonqvemde-
bare normatiuli aqti, romlis Semowmebac
ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kom-
petenciaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawy-
vetilebas kanonis mixedviT.
1. me-6 muxlSi Camoyalibebulia ramdenime mniSvne-

lovani principi da debuleba, romelTa Soris aRsaniS-
navia principi, romlis Tanaxmad mosamarTle damou-
kidebelia da emorCileba kanons.
mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba sasamarTlo xeli-
suflebis damoukideblobis umniSvnelovanesi elemen-
tia. amitom sasamarTlos damoukidebel xelisufle-
bad Camoyalibebis interesebi moiTxoven mosamarTle-
Ta damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofas.
mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis garantiebs gan-
amtkicebs saqarTvelos konstitucia, saqarTvelos
organuli kanoni `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, sa-
qarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi da sxva
normatiuli aqtebi. aseTi garantiebis ricxvs ganekuT-
vneba magaliTad saqarTvelos konstituciiT damkvid-
rebuli debulebebi, romelTa Tanaxmad: a) aravis ar
aqvs ufleba mosTxovos mosamarTles angariSi konk-
retul saqmeze; b) baTilia yvela aqti, romelic zRu-
davs mosamarTleTa damoukideblobas; g) sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SeuZlia
mxolod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT; d)
mosamarTlis Camocileba saqmis ganxilvisagan, Tanam-
debobidan misi vadamde gaTavisufleba an sxva Tanam-
debobaze gadayvana daiSveba mxolod kanoniT gansaz-
11
Rvrul SemTxvevebSi (saqarTvelos konstituciis 84-

e muxli).
_ mosamarTlis damoukideblobisa da misi kanoni-
sadmi damorCilebis principis dedaazri mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom aravis ar aqvs ufleba Caerios sasamarTlos
saqmianobaSi mis mier konkretul saqmeTa ganxilva-ga-
dawyvetis dros. arcerT saxelmwifo organizacias, sa-
jaro Tu kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs, arcerT Ta-
namdebobis pirs ufleba ar aqvs raime miTiTeba misces
sasamarTlos imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gadawyvitos man
konkretuli saqme.
2. me-6 muxlis me-2 nawilSi Camoyalibebulia kons-
tituciis uzenaesoba sxva kanonebTan mimarTebaSi.
a) sasamarTlo xelisuflebas sakonstitucio kon-
trolis formiT axorcielebs saqarTvelos sakonsti-
tucio sasamarTlo. mxolod sakonstitucio sasamar-
Tlos SeuZlia daadginos Seesabameba Tu ara, an ufro
metic, ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara esa Tu is kanoni konsti-
tucias.
b) sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Seesabameba Tu ara kanoni kon-
stitucias, SeiZleba wamoiWras rogorc saqmis momza-
debis stadiaze, ise am saqmis Ria sasamarTlo sxdoma-
ze ganxilvis dros. nebismier stadiaze sasamarTlom
unda SeaCeros saqmis ganxilva an calkeuli saproce-
so moqmedebis Sesruleba da mimarTos sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos (279-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
g) sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis
formas gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTve-
los sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~. am kanonis
me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos kanonebis Tu sxva
normatiuli aqtebis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan
Sesabamisobis sakiTxs ganixilavs sakonstitucio sa-
samarTlo sakonstitucio sarCelis an wardginebis sa-
fuZvelze.
amrigad, saerTo sasamarTloebma unda gamoitanon gan-
Cineba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb (282-e muxli)
da mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarTlos konstituci-
12
uri wardginebiT, mis mier gamosayenebeli kanonis kon-

stituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad.
saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeCerdeba sakonsti-
tucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. ase-
Ti gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg saqmis warmoeba ga-
naxldeba (283-e muxli).
3. me-6 muxlis me-3 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi
kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romlis konstitu-
ciasTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitu-
cio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tvi-
Ton saerTo sasamarTlo gadawyvets am sakiTxs da Tu
CaTvlis, rom normatiuli aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas kanonis (da ara mis Seusa-
bamo normatiuli aqtis) safuZvelze.
magaliTad, saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTve-
los samTavrobo dawesebulebis, umaRlesi saxelmwi-
fo organos xelmZRvanelis da a. S. administraciul-
samarTlebrivi aqtebis kanonierebis Semowmeba ar Se-
dis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamgeblobaSi (saqar-
Tvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-6
muxli). amitom, Tu aseTi aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,
sasamarTlo samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis
dros ixelmZRvanelebs kanoniT. sakonstitucio sasa-
marTlosaTvis mimarTva aseT SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia.
muxli 7. kanonisa da samarTlis

analogia
1. Tu ar arsebobs sadavo urTierTobis

momwesrigebeli kanoni, sasamarTlo iyenebs
kanons, romelic awesrigebs msgavs urT-
ierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu ase-
Ti kanonic ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo em-
yareba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis zogad
principebs (samarTlis analogia).
2. Tu ar arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso
norma, romelic aregulirebs sasamarTlo
13
warmoebis dros warmoSobil urTierTo-

bas, sasamarTlo iyenebs saproceso samarT-
lis im normas, romelic awesrigebs msgavs
urTierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu
aseTi normac ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo em-
yareba samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis
zogad principebs (samarTlis analogia).
1. es muxli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli nawili

gansazRvravs materialuri samarTlis analogiis
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. mxedvelobaSia
materialuri samarTlis nebismieri dargi, romlis
gamoyenebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas
sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis dros.
SeiZleba mxolod sadavo iyos sakiTxi Tu ramdenad
dasaSvebia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis mier
materialuri samarTlisa da materialur
samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis) analogiiT gamoyenebis
gansazRvra, maSin rodesac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
kodeqsis me-5 muxli iTvaliswinebs samarTlisa da
kanonis analogias. mxedvelobaSia agreTve misaRebi is
garemoeba, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-5 muxlis me-3
nawili krZalavs specialuri urTierTobis
momwesrigebeli normebis (sagamonakliso normebis)
analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.2
2. me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobisa da samoqalaqo saproceso
samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.
samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi
xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesiT. magram ise rogorc sxva kanonebi,
romlebic adamianTa urTierTobis sxvadasxva
sferoebs aregulireben, samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsic SeiZleba Seicavdes xarvezs. dauSvebelia
2
. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,
wigni pirveli. Tb, 1999, gv.35.
14
uari saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze, miT ufro,

roca aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebaze damokidebulia
mxaris interesebis dacva, im motiviT, rom samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs aseTi moqmedebis
Sesrulebas da wess. amitom sasamarTlom unda
gamoiyenos kanoni (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
norma), romelic analogiuri saproceso moqmedebis
Sesrulebas iTvaliswinebs da daukavSiros mas is
Sedegebi, romelsac analogiuri saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebas ukavSirebs kanoni.
aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme gveqneba kanonis
analogiasTan.
magram Tu kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs, imis gamo, rom aseTi kanonic
ar arsebobs, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes samarTlis,
kerZod samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis analogia.
samarTlis analogiis gamoyeneba marTalia rTulia,
radgan igi gulisxmobs samarTlis zogadi principebiT
xelmZRvanelobis aucileblobas, magram Zalzed
sainteresoa, radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo
gvevlineba aramarto rogorc samarTalSemfardebeli,
aramed garkveulwilad, rogorc samarTalSemoqmedic,
radgan qmnis saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis wess
mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi.
samarTlisa da kanonis analogia xSirad gamxdara
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi arsebuli xarvezis
Sevsebis safuZveli. sakmarisia davasaxeloT
mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba, romlis Sesaxeb
norma (831-e muxli) daemata samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqss agreTve sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze
uarisTqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba (197-e
muxli), rac adre kanonis analogiis gamoyenebiT
xdeboda.
rogorc kanonis, ise samarTlis analogiis gamoyeneba
zedmiwevniT naTlad da gasagebad unda iyos
motivirebuli gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).
15
muxli 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana

saqarTvelos saxeliT
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs

saqarTvelos saxeliT.
sasamarTloebs gamoaqvT ori saxis dadgenileba: ga-

dawyvetileba da ganCineba. sasamarTlos dadgenile-
ba, romliTac arsebiTad wydeba saqme, gamodis gadawy-
vetilebis saxiT (243-e muxlis pirveli nawili), xolo
sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTad
ar wydeba, miiReba ganCinebis formiT (284-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba marTlmsajulebis um-
niSvnelovanesi aqtia, romelmac unda daicvas darRve-
uli an sadavod gamxdari ufleba, kanoniT gaTvaliswi-
nebuli interesi. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT xdeba
saqmeze dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis saboloo
Sefaseba kanonebis safuZvelze. swored amitom, gadaw-
yvetileba gamodis saqarTvelos saxeliT, romelic Tvi-
Ton iZens kanonis Zalas da Tu nebayoflobiT ar iqneba
Sesrulebuli, aRsruldeba iZulebis ZaliT.
_ praqtikaSi am muxlis Sinaarsi gagebulia farTod
da gadawyvetilebaSi gulisxmoben ganCinebebsac, ami-
tom, ganCinebebic, gansakuTrebiT roca isini gamoaqvT
zemdgom sasamarTloebs, gamodis saqarTvelos saxe-
liT. garda gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCinebebisa, sasa-
marTloebs gamoaqvT gadaxdis brZaneba (306-e muxli),
droebiTi gankarguleba (355-e muxli). samoqalaqo sap-
roceso kanonmdebloba ar moiTxovs am dokumentebis
gamotanas sasamarTlos mier saqarTvelos saxeliT.
muxli 9. samoqalaqo procesis

saqveynooba da samarTalwarmoebis
ena
1. sasamarTloSi yvela saqme ganixileba
Ria sxdomaze, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba
16
saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis intere-

sebs. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva
dasaSvebia agreTve kanonmdeblobiT gaTva-
liswinebul sxva SemTxvevebSi, mxaris mo-
tivirebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze.
2. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvaSi
monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmomad-
genlebi, xolo aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi
-_ mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da
Tarjimnebi.
3. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebu-
li ganCineba.
4. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxel-
mwifo enaze. saxelmwifo enis armcodne pirs
mieCineba Tarjimani.
1. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da `sa-

erTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organu-
li kanonis me-12 muxlis Sesabamisad samoqalaqo sap-
roceso kodeqsis me-9 muxlma daamkvidra saqmis gan-
xilvis saqveynoobis principi.
_ saqveynoobis principi niSnavs konkretul samo-
qalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos Ria sxdomebze
mxareebisa da sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi myof pir-
Ta daswrebiT;
_ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabami-
sad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaRebis,
audio da video Canaweris akrZalva daiSveba mxolod
sasamarTlos motivirebuli ganCinebiT. aseTi akrZal-
va SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mxareTa Suamdgom-
lobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT;
_ sajaroobis principis darRveva aris gadawyveti-
lebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli (ix. 394-e mux-
lis `d~ qvepunqtis komentari). sajaroobis principis
darRvevasTan gveqneba saqme, rodesac sasamarTlos ar
17
daudgenia saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilva, magram

moqalaqeebs, romlebsac surdaT daswrebodnen am saq-
mis ganxilvas, ar uSvebdnen sasamarTlo sxdomis dar-
bazSi.
amrigad, Tu sasamarTlos ar miuRia gadawyvetile-
ba daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram
faqtobrivad sxdoma daxurulad mimdinareobda _ es
sajaroobis principis darRvevis erT-erTi gavrcele-
buli SemTxvevaa, romelic gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas
iwvevs;
_ kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sajaroobis prin-
cipis SezRudvis SesaZleblobas, magaliTad, me-9 mux-
lis Tanaxmad, saqme daxurul sxdomaze unda iqnes gan-
xiluli, Tu es aucilebelia saxelmwifo saidumloe-
bis dacvis interesebisaTvis. 351-e muxlis Tanaxmad ga-
dawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sajarod ar ga-
mocxaddeba. TviTon Svilad ayvanis sakiTxic SeiZle-
ba ganxilul iqnes daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze (350-
e muxlis mesame nawili ); sasamarTlom SeiZleba daad-
ginos daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva Tu es auci-
lebelia mxareTa intimuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobe-
bis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxlis Sesabami-
sad, yoveli adamianis piradi cxovreba, piradi Canawe-
ri, mimowera, saubari satelefono da sxva saxis teqni-
kuri saSualebiT, agreTve teqnikuri saSualebiT miRe-
buli Setyobinebani xelSeuxebelia. es imas niSnavs, rom
daxuruli sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba gaimarTos ase-
Ti mimowerisa Tu Canawerebis saidumloebis dacvis miz-
niT, Tu Sesabamisi mxare Suamdgomlobs amis Sesaxeb.
2. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sasamarT-
los SeuZlia daxuros sxdoma mTlianad an nawilob-
riv. sasamarTlos aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Se-
tana ar SeiZleba.
rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas mxaris Suamd-
gomlobiT sxdomis daxurvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, arc
18
aseTi ganCinebis gamotanas da, bunebrivia, arc mis ga-

saCivrebas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvalis-
winebs. Tu miuxedavad amisa, aseTi ganCineba iqneba ga-
motanili, arc aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
3. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da `sa-
erTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organu-
li kanonis me-12-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos ga-
dawyvetileba cxaddeba saqveynod.
am muxlebis azri ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise, TiTqos
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, miRebuli saqmis daxu-
rul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sedegad, yovelTvis unda ga-
mocxaddes saqveynod. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
daxurul sxdomaze unda gamocxaddes, Tu misi saja-
rod gamocxadebiT saqveynod gaxdeba cnobili yove-
live, ris gamoc saqmis ganxilva daixura, agreTve, ro-
ca amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs (351-e muxlis pirveli naw-
ili ).
4. me-9 muxlis me-4 nawili, saqarTvelos konstitu-
ciis me-8 muxlis Sesabamisad, amkvidrebs princips,
romlis Tanaxmad, samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba sa-
xelmwifo enaze. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qar-
Tuli, xolo afxazeTSi agreTve afxazuri.
es imas niSnavs, rom afxazeTSi samarTalwarmoeba Se-
iZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc qarTul, ise afxazur
enaze.
samarTalwarmoebis enis armcodne pirs mieCineba
Tarjimani, romlis meSveobiT mas SeuZlia srulad ga-
naxorcielos yvela is ufleba, rac mas aqvs miniWebu-
li samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT.
Tarjimnis funqcia ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mosamar-
Tlem, sxdomis mdivanma an saqmeSi monawile romelime
sxva pirma.
19
muxli 10. sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ga-

dawyvetilebebi (ganCinebebi, dadgenilebe-
bi), agreTve Tavisi uflebamosilebis gan-
saxorcieleblad sasamarTlos mier aRZru-
li moTxovnebi da gankargulebebi saval-
debuloa saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze
yvela saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi Tu kerZo
sawarmosaTvis, dawesebulebisaTvis, orga-
nizaciisaTvis, Tanamdebobis pirisa Tu mo-
qalaqisaTvis da isini unda Sesruldes.
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba

gamomdinareobs saqarTvelos konstituciis 52-e da
`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos orga-
nuli kanonis me-4 muxlebidan.
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-
baTa (ganCinebaTa) savaldebulooba efuZneba kanonis
savaldebuloobas, romlis safuZvelzec es gadawyve-
tilebaa gamotanili.
gadawyvetilebis savaldebulooba niSnavs imas,
rom:
a) es gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba gauqmdes an Seic-
valos romelime saxelmwifo organos, adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis organos, sajaro Tu kerZo iuri-
diuli piris da nebismieri Tanamdebobis piris mier. am
organoebsa da pirebs ufleba ara aqvT sasamarTlo ga-
dawyvetilebisagan gansxvavebuli gadawyvetileba mi-
iRon saqmeze.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gauqmeba, Secvla an
maTi aRsrulebis, SeCereba SeuZlia mxolod sasamarT-
los kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebiTa da wesiT (sa-
qarTvelos konstituciis 84-e muxli);
b) saxelmwifo Tu nebismieri sxva organo da Tanam-
debobis piri valdebuli arian yovelnairad Seuwyon
20
xeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebas, sa-

samarTlo aRmasruleblis moTxovnebi, mimarTuli ka-
nonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisa-
ken, savaldebuloa yvelasaTvis;
g) saxelmwifo Tu sxva organoebi da Tanamdebobis
pirebi valdebuli arian Seasrulon Sesabamisi moqme-
debani im uflebaTa gaformebis Tu registraciis miz-
niT, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ga-
dawyvetilebiT;
d) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa kanonieri Zala da
maTi savaldebulooba SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod
im pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen ganxilvaSi,
an ufro zustad, romlebic mowveuli iyvnen am saqmis
ganxilvaSi. amitom, gadawyvetilebis gamotana im mxa-
ris mimarT, romelsac ar miuRia Setyobineba saqmis
ganxilvis Sesaxeb, an romelic saerTod ar iyo CarTu-
li am saqmeSi, aris gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absolu-
turi safuZveli (394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti ).
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom aseT pi-
rebs SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sasamarTlos gadawyveti-
leba zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciebSi, miuxedavad
imisa, rom isini saerTod ar iyvnen Cabmuli procesSi
mxareebad an Tumca iyvnen Cabmuli, magram ar iyvnen
mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaSi. Tu aseTi gadawyvetileba
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin maT SeuZliaT mimarTon
sasamarTlos gancxadebiT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
(422-e muxlis `b~ da „g“ qvepunqtebi).
21
T a v i II
uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba
muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis

uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba
sasamarTloebisadmi
1. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saq-
meebs darRveuli Tu sadavod qceuli uf-
lebis, agreTve kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
interesebis dacvis Sesaxeb, kerZod:
a) samoqalaqo, saojaxo, Sromis, saadgil-
mamulo, bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebi-
sa da garemos dacvis urTierTobebidan
warmoSobil davebs moqalaqeebs, moqalaqe-
ebsa da iuridiul pirebs, agreTve iuri-
diul pirebs Soris;
b) (amoRebulia)
g) (amoRebulia)
d) (amoRebulia)
e) saqmeebs sazogadoebriv da religiur
organizaciebs Soris davis Sesaxeb;
v) udavo warmoebis saqmeebs.
z) saqmeebs reketuli qonebis CamorTme-
visa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan
dakavSirebiT.
2. kanoniT, sasamarTloebs SeiZleba da-
eqvemdebaros sxva kategoriis saqmeTa gan-
xilvac.
3. zemoT CamoTvlil saqmeebs sasamarT-
loebi ganixilaven, Tu maTi ganxilva, ka-
nonis Tanaxmad, sxva organos kompetencia-
Si ar Sedis.
4. sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saqmeebs,
romlebic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebidan
22
gamomdinareobs, agreTve im saqmeebs, rom-

lebSic monawileoben ucxo qveynis moqa-
laqeebi, moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi, sa-
warmoebi da organizaciebi.
nebismieri organo, romelic Seiqmna da arsebobs ama

Tu im saxelmwifoSi, valdebulia imoqmedos Tavisi uf-
lebamosilebis farglebSi da ar gascdes am farglebs.
rogorc ki romelime organo gascdeba Tavisi ufleba-
mosilebis farglebs, igi iWreba sxva organos kompe-
tenciaSi, e. i. iRebs Tavis Tavze iseTi sakiTxis gadaW-
ris uflebamosilebas, romelic mas ki ara, sxva orga-
nos aqvs mikuTvnebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, uwyebri-
vi qvemdebareoba _ esaa im uflebamosilebaTa er-
Toblioba da farglebi, romelic ama Tu im organos
aqvs gansazRvruli.
1. sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva orga-
nos, zustad aqvs gansazRvruli uflebamosilebaTa
sfero da farglebi da igi bunebrivia ar SeiZleba gas-
cdes am sferosa da farglebs. am mosazrebiTaa ganpi-
robebuli 272-e muxlis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad sa-
samarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu saqme
ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasamarTloSi imis gamo, rom
kanonis Tanaxmad misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompeten-
ciaSi Sedis.
2. amrigad, sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareo-
ba (kompetencia, iurisdiqcia) kanoniT gansazRv-
rul im uflebamosilebaTa erTobliobaa, romel-
Ta farglebSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos da ga-
nixilos saqmeebi;
_ sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowme-
ba SeuZliaT saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTlo-
ebs Tavisi iniciativiT (377-e muxlis me-4 nawili da
404-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom gadawyvetilebis
gamotana saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad
ar eqvemdebareba, aris am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
23
absoluturi (udavo) safuZveli (394-e muxlis `g~

qvepunqti).
3. me-11 muxli Seicavs im urTierTobebis mxolod
sanimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebidanac warmoSobil da-
vebs ganixilavs sasamarTlo. aseT CamonaTvals Seicavs
agreTve saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso ko-
deqsis me-2 muxli.3
es CamonaTvali marTalia farToa, magram araa amom-
wuravi. kriteriumi unda iyos erTi _ yovel daintere-
sebul pirs unda hqondes SesaZlebloba mimarTos sa-
samarTlos Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tu es ufleba
samarTliT regulirebuli urTierTobidan gamomdina-
reobs, damoukideblad imisa, samarTlis romeli dar-
giT regulirdeba urTierToba, saidanac es sadavo uf-
leba warmoiSva. eWvs gareSea, rom es kriteriumi damk-
vidrebulia konstituciis 42-e muxliT, romlis Tanax-
mad, `yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa da
TavisuflebaTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarTlos~ da
rom `dacvis ufleba garantirebulia~.
4. me-11 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo-
ebi ganixilaven saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan warmoSobil davebs. saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebis saerTaSoriso kompetenciis (gansja-
dobis) SemTxvevebs, agreTve saqarTvelos sasamarT-
loebis gansakuTrebul saerTaSoriso kompetencias
gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni `saerTaSoriso ker-
Zo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (me-8-20 muxlebi).
muxli 12. davis gadacema

gansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis
qonebrivi dava, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT, Se-
iZleba gadaeces gansaxilvelad arbitraJs.
3.
maia vaCaZe, inga Todria, paata turava, naTia wkeplaZe.
saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis
komentari, Tb. 2005, gv 15.
24
1997 wlis 17 aprils miRebul iqna saqarTvelos ka-

noni `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~. am kanonis pirveli
muxlis Tanaxmad, pirebs Soris wamoWrili samoqala-
qo dava maTive SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba gansaxilvelad
gadaeces mudmivmoqmed an am davisaTvis sagangebod
Seqmnil droebiT kerZo arbitraJs. aseTi SeTanaxmeba
ideba werilobiTi formiT.
`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis
pirveli muxli ar Seesabameba samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis me-12 muxls, romlis Tanaxmad kerZo arbit-
raJs SeiZleba gansaxilvelad gadaeces mxolod `qo-
nebrivi dava~. samoqalaqo dava ufro farToa, vidre
qonebrivi dava. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis
pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, ès kodeqsi awesrigebs pir-
Ta Tanasworobaze damyarebul kerZo xasiaTis qoneb-
riv, saojaxo da pirad urTierTobebs~.
amrigad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 mux-
lis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen mxolod
qonebrivi xasiaTis davebisa da ara mTlianad yovelg-
vari samoqalaqo davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Se-
saxeb.
_ kolizia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqssa da `ker-
Zo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanons Soris unda
gadawydes samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis sasargeb-
lod, vinaidan igi aris specialuri kanoni, romelic
gansazRvravs samoqalaqo davebis gansjadobasa da gan-
xilvis wesebs. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareTa SeTanxme-
bas araqonebrivi xasiaTis davebis arbitraJSi ganxil-
vis Sesaxeb, ar aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebulo
Zala da aseTi dava SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom,
miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara mxareTa saarbitra-
Jo SeTanxmeba.
sxva mxriv, mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba qoneb-
rivi davebis arbitraJis mier ganxilvis Sesaxeb, saval-
debuloa sasamarTlosaTvis da man ar unda miiRos sar-
Celi gansaxilvelad Tu aseTi SeTanxmeba arsebobs (186-
25
e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu igi SecdomiTaa mi-

Rebuli _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba (272 -e muxlis `v~
qvepunqti).
_ Tu mxareTa werilobiTi SeTanxmeba qonebrivi da-
vis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb dadebulia sa-
moqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis fargleb-
Si, am SeTanxmebis calmxrivad moSla dauSvebelia. mxa-
reebs SeuZliaT mxolod aseve urTierTSeTanxmebiT
Secvalon TavianTi pirvandeli SeTanxmeba da davis
gansaxilvelad mimarTon sasamarTlos, rac agreTve we-
rilobiT unda gaformdes;
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda miiRos sarCe-
li gansaxilvelad (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxli).
_ saarbitraJo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saval-
debuloa mxareebisaTvis da igi SeiZleba aRsruldes
iZulebiTi wesiT (`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqtis `z~
qvepunqti).
_ saarbitraJo gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivron
sasamarTloSi mxareebma (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis 43-e da 44-e muxlebi).
26
T a v i III
gansjadoba
muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo)

sasamarTlos gansjadi samoqalaqo
saqmeebi
1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli
instanciiT ganixilavs sasamarTlosadmi
uwyebrivad daqvemdebarebul samoqalaqo
saqmeebs.
2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Se-
madgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodes magist-
rati mosamarTle, romelic ganixilavs am
kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul
saqmeebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
samoqmedo teritoriaze arsebul adminis-
traciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi.
3. im administraciul-teritoriul er-
TeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle, agreTve misi aryofnis SemTx-
vevaSi, am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli saqmeebi SeiZleba ganixilos
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mo-
samarTlem.
4. Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSire-
buli ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna,
romelTagan erT-erTi ar ganekuTvneba mag-
istrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes, saqmes
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarT-
los sxva mosamarTle.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblo-

ba erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs sasamarTlos uwye-
briv qvemdebareobas (saqveuwyebobas) da gansjadobas.
sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasuxobs kiTx-
27
vaze: ganekuTvneba Tu ara saqme saerTo sasamarT-

loebs, Sedis Tu ara am saqmis ganxilva saerTo sasa-
marTloebis kompetenciaSi (iurisdiqciaSi). mas Semdeg,
rac es sakiTxi dadebiTad gadawydeba, wamoiWreba me-
ore sakiTxi: romelma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
uwyebrivad saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi daqvemde-
barebuli konkretuli samoqalaqo saqme. am kiTxvaze
pasuxis gasacemad arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso sa-
marTlis meore instituti, romelsac gansjadoba
ewodeba.
1. me-13 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad
sasamarTloebisadmi uwyebrivad qvemdebare saqmeebs
pirveli instanciiT ganixilaven raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTloebi. Sesabamisad gansjadoba awesrigebs
saqmeebis ganawilebis sakiTxs calkeuli raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis mixedviT (me-15-24-e
muxlebi).
Tu sasamarTlom ganixila aragansjadi saqme, am
saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba
yovelTvis araa dasaSvebi. magaliTad, Tu ar aris
kanoniT dadgenili erTmniSvnelovnad gansjadi
sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs SeuZliaT daadginon
urTierTSeTanxmebiT sasamarTlos gansjadoba (21-e
muxli). aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi
gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac mopasuxe amis
winaaRmdegi ar aris da Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos
aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi (21-e
muxli).
2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi
SeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelic
moqmedebs am raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
teritoriaze misTvis gankuTvnil administraciul-
teritoriul erTeulSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi magistrati
mosamarTle ganixilavs me-14 muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli kategoriis saqmeebs.
3. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqme (me-14
muxli) SeiZleba ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo)
28
sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs
magistrati mosamarTle, an ama Tu im mizezis gamo
(Svebuleba, avadmyofoba) igi ar imyofeba Tavis
samoqmedo teritoriaze.
4. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos am
sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna.
garda amisa Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime
erTgvarovani da erTmaneTTan samarTlebrivad
dakavSirebuli saqme, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi
iniciativiT, an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es
saqmeebi (182-e muxli).
me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili krZalavs magistrati
mosamarTlis mier saqmis ganxilvas, Tu am
gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erT-erTi mainc ar
ganekuTvneba mis gansjadobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme
mTlianad unda ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem.
muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTa

gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi
magistrati mosamarTleebi pirveli in-

stanciiT ganixilaven Semdeg saqmeebs:
a) qonebriv davebs, Tu sarCelis fasi ar
aRemateba 2000 lars;
b) udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebis
saqmeebs, garda Svilad ayvanis, agreTve
gamartivebuli wesiT gadaxdis da qonebis
upatronod cnobis saqmeebisa, Tu moTxov-
nis an qonebis Rirebuleba aRemateba 2000
larsK;
g) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan
gamomdinare davebs, garda Svilad ayvanis,
mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis, mamobis
dadgenis da ganqorwinebis saqmeebisa, Tu
29
meuRleebs Soris arsebobs dava bavSvis

mikuTvnebis Taobaze
d) amoRebulia (13.07.2006 #3435)
me-14 muxli amomwuravad gansazRvravs magistrat

mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebs. es imas niSnavs, rom
garda am muxlSi miTiTebuli saqmeebisa, maT ar Seu-
ZliaT ganixilon sxva saqmeebi. magistrat mosamarTles
ufleba ara aqvs gaafarTovos an Sewyvitos kanoniT
gansazRvruli misTvis gansjadi saqmeebis wre.
magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia:
a) sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT aRZruli nebismieri
qonebrivi dava, Tu sarCelis fasi ar aRemateba 2000
lars.
sarCelis fass anu davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs
mosarCele. mosamarTles mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeuZlia gansazRvros davis sagnis Rirebuleba, Tu
mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi aSkarad ar
Seesabameba sadavo qonebis realur Rirebulebas. davis
sagnis fasis gansazRvra xdeba me-40 da 41-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT.
araqonebrivi davebi, Tu isini ar gamomdinareoben
am muxlis „b“ da „g“ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli
urTierTobebidan, magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi
araa.
b) me-14 muxlis „b” qvepunqtis azrisa da Sinaarsis
mixedviT magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia:
1. udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli nebismieri
saqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk meeqvse karSi (310-e
muxli), garda Svilad ayvanisa (349-e-351-e muxlebi da
qonebis upatronod cnobisa (337-e-341-e muxlebi), Tu
am qonebis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars.
2. gamartivebuli wesiT gansaxilveli nebismieri
saqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk mexuTe karSi (292-e-
3097-e muxlebi) garda davalianebis gadaxdevinebis
30
Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, Tu gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb

moTxovnis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars.
g) magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia saojaxo
samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare
nebismieri dava, garda saqmeebisa:
1. Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb. rogorc vxedavT arc
udavo warmoebis wesiT (ix. zemoT „b” qvepunqtis
komentari) da arc sadavo anu sasarCelo warmoebis
wesiT Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva ar Sedis
magistrat mosamarTleTa kompetenciaSi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Svilad ayvana kidev erTxelaa
moxseniebuli 312-e muxlis „g” qvepunqtSi, magram aq
mxedvelobaSia ara Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva,
aramed Svilad ayvanis registraciis faqtis
dadgena, anu iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac Svilad ayvanas
hqonda adgili, magram am faqtis registraciis dadgena
sxva gziT SeuZlebelia, radgan aseTi registraciis
masalebi ama Tu im mizeziT ganadgurebulia. Svilad
ayvanis registraciis faqtis dadgena magistrat
mosamarTlis mier kanoniT pirdapir araa akrZaluli,
rac imas niSnavs, rom magistrat mosamarTles SeuZlia
am faqtis dadgena.
2. mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb, rasac
iTvaliswinebs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1205-e muxli4.
3. mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo kodeqsis
1190-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad Svilis
warmoSoba dauqorwinebeli mSoblebisagan dgindeba
samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul
samsaxurSi mSoblebis mier erToblivi gancxadebis
SetaniT. amave muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, Tu
arsebobs mSobelTa erToblivi gancxadeba mamoba
SeiZleba dadgindes sasamarTlos wesiT, romelsac
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo.
________________________
4
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni
mexuTe. t. I.
31
4. ganqorwinebis Sesaxeb saqmeebs, romlebsac

ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo.
ganqorwinebis saqmeebs ganixilavs magistrati
mosamarTle mxolod erTi pirobiT Tu gansaqorwinebel
meuRleebs Soris ar arsebobs dava bavSvis mikuTvnebis
Taobaze.
rac Seexeba saqmeebs qorwinebis baTilad cnobis
Sesaxeb, isini SeiZleba ganixilos mxolod raionulma
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebma.
muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba
1. sasamarTlos sarCeli waredgineba mo-

pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. sar-
Celi iuridiuli piris mimarT sasamarT-
los waredgineba iuridiuli piris adgil-
samyoflis mixedviT. arasasarCelo warmoe-
bis dros gansjadoba ganisazRvreba im pi-
ris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rom-
lis winaaRmdegac mimarTulia gancxadeba
(saCivari).
11 . sarCelebi (gancxadebebi) am kodeqsis
me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul saqmeebze
sasamarTloSi Seitaneba magistrati mosa-
marTlis samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT,
xolo im administraciul-teritoriul
erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle - raionul (saqalaqo) sasa-
marTloSi.
2. Tu mopasuxes ar aqvs sacxovrebeli
adgili, sarCeli ganixileba sasamarTloSi
saqarTvelos teritoriaze misi adgilsam-
yoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu mopasuxis ad-
gilsamyofeli ucnobia, maSin sarCeli Se-
32
iZleba aRiZras misi ukanaskneli sacxovre-

beli adgilis mixedviT.
1. me-15 muxli gansazRvravs teritoriuli gansja-

dobis saerTo wess. am saerTo wesis mixedviT xdeba ne-
bismieri sarCelis (gancxadebis) aRZvra sasamarTlo-
Si, Tu kanonmdeblobiT sxva ram araa dadgenili. gamo-
naklisebs am saerTo wesidan samoqalaqo saproceso ko-
deqsis me-16-24-e muxlebi warmoadgenen, romlebic gan-
sjadobis sakiTxebs awesrigeben.
a) fizikur pirebs SeiZleba hqondeT ramdenime sac-
xovrebeli bina Tu saxli, xolo aqedan gamomdinare
ramdenime sacxovrebeli adgili. amitom SeiZleba wa-
moiWras sakiTxi: romeli adgili iTvleba mopasuxis
sacxovrebel adgilad?
samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, `fizi-
kuri piris sacxovrebel adgilad miiCneva adgili, ro-
melsac igi Cveulebriv sacxovrebel adgilad irCevs.
pirs SeiZleba hqondes ramdenime sacxovrebeli adgi-
li~. amJamad saqarTveloSi Caweris nacvlad SemoRebu-
lia registracia. es imas niSnavs, rom fizikuri piris
mimarT sarCeli aRiZvreba sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sa-
registracio aRricxvis adgilis mixedviT.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sasamarTlo ar axdens mo-
pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis dadgenas. mopasuxis
sacxovrebeli adgilis miTiTebis movaleoba ekis-
reba TviTon mosarCeles (ix. 178-e muxlis komenta-
ri). sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras arasrulwlovnebis mi-
marTac. àrasrulwlovanis sacxovrebel adgilad iT-
vleba mSoblis uflebis mqone mSoblebis sacxovrebe-
li adgili~ (samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 naw-
ili). es imas niSnavs, rom sarCelebi arasrulwlovne-
bis mimarT unda aRiZras sasamarTloSi kanonieri war-
momadgenlebis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, Tun-
dac arasrulwlovnebi sxvagan cxovrobdnen. rac See-
xeba araqmedunarianad an SezRudulqmedunarianad
33
aRiarebul pirebs, sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras maTi

sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
rac Seexeba iseT pirebs, romlebic ixdian sasjels
an imyofebian sagamoZiebo izolaciaSi, sarCelebi maT
mimarT aRiZvris maTi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgi-
lis mixedviT an qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT;
b) sarCelebi iuridiuli pirebis mimarT sasamar-
Tlos waredgineba am iuridiuli pirebis adgilsamyo-
flis mixedviT.
gansjadobis am wesebzea agebuli samoqalaqo kodeq-
sisa da `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesa-
bamisi normebi. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 31-e
muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, kavSiris registracii-
saTvis aucilebeli masalebi waredgineba kavSiris ad-
gilsamyoflis mixedviT arsebul sasamarTlos. amave
kodeqsis 32-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqtis Ta-
naxmad, kavSiris Sesaxeb wesdeba unda Seicavdes ad-
gilsamyofels (iuridiul misamarTs). es imas niSnavs,
rom sarCelebi kavSiris (fondis) mimarT waredgineba
sasamarTlos maTive wesdebaSi miTiTebuli misamarTis
mixedviT.5 igive wesia damkvidrebuli `mewarmeTa Se-
saxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-5 muxliT. am muxlis Ta-
naxmad gancxadeba reestrSi registraciis Sesaxeb Se-
itaneba sazogadoebis iuridiuli misamarTis mixedviT,
romelic aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli sazoga-
doebis wesdebaSi;6
g) sasarCelo warmoebis gverdiT samoqalaqo sapro-
ceso kodeqsi awesrigebs udavo warmoebas da gamarti-
vebul warmoebas. udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo
ganixilavs saqmeebs saerTo wesebiT (ix. 311-e muxli).
amasTan erTad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi adgens
gamonaklisebs am saerTo wesebidan. magaliTad, ganc-
xadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis faqtebis dadgenis Se-
5. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni pirveli,

Tb., 1999, gv. 72.
6
. l. Wanturia, T.niniZe, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis komentari,
g-ba „samarTali“, Tb., 2002, gv.81.
34
saxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis sacxov-

rebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo gancxadeba moqalaqis
SezRudulqmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis
Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi am moqalaqis sacxov-
rebeli adgilis mixedviT (322-e muxli).
2. me-15 muxlis 11 nawili gansazRvravs magistrat
mosamarTleTa teritoriuli gansjadobis sakiTxs:
magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebze sarCelebi
da gancxadebebi Seitaneba magistrat mosamarTlis
samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT.
magaliTad, magistrat mosamarTlis samoqmedo
teritoriaa vanis raioni, xolo mosarCele
(ganmcxadebeli) cxovrobs am raionis teritoriaze. man
sarCeli unda Seitanos magistrat mosamarTlis
saxelze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vanis administraciul
teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle - sarCeli (gancxadeba) Setanili unda iqnes
samtrediis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi,
romelsac ganixilavs am sasamarTlos mosamarTle.
saqmis gadacema gansaxilvelad im administraciul
teritoriuli erTeulidan, sadac ar moqmedebs
magistrati mosamarTle am raionis (qalaqis) sxva
administraciul teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedi
magistrati mosamarTlisaTvis - kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli araa. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmeebs
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
mosamarTle.
3. me-15 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjado-
bas iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxes ara aqvs sac-
xovrebeli adgili. amasTan, erTmaneTisagan ansxvavebs
mopasuxis `sacxovrebel adgils~ da mis àdgilsamyo-
fels~. sacxovrebel adgilad miCneul unda iqnes mo-
pasuxis registraciis adgili, magram Tu aseTi adgili
cnobili araa, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sa-
samarTloSi mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. cxa-
dia, mxedvelobaSia ara misi moklevadiani yofna ama Tu
im adgilas, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi droiT misi yof-
na am adgilas, rac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos ama Tu
im samuSaos SesrulebiT, xangrZlivi mivlinebiT, mkur-
35
nalobiT da a. S. sakiTxi, Tu drois ra monakveTia sakma-

risi, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli _
damokidebulia TviTon sasamarTlos mixedulebaze.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, es vada ar unda iyos samoqalaqo
saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis orTvian vadaze meti.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTloSi gansjado-
bis wesebis dacviT saqmis warmoebis gaxsnis Semdeg
mopasuxem Seicvalos sacxovrebeli adgili, magram es
ver gaxdeba gansjadobis Secvlisa da sxva sasamarT-
losaTvis am saqmis gadacemis safuZveli ( 22-e mux-
li).
muxli 16. gansakuTrebuli

gansjadoba
1. sarCeli ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT

sasamarTlos waredgineba erT-erTi mopa-
suxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
2. xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare sarCe-
lebi sasamarTlos waredgineba xelSekru-
lebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im adgilis
mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Ses-
rulebuliyo.
3. sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs iu-
ridiuli piris filialis saqmianobidan, sa-
samarTlos waredgineba filialis adgilm-
debareobis mixedviT.
4. sarCelebi kanonismier an anderZismier
memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarT-
los waredgineba mamkvidreblis gardacva-
lebamde misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixed-
viT. Tu mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos moqa-
laqea, magram gardacvalebis momentisTvis
igi sazRvargareT cxovrobda, sasamarTloSi
sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras saqarTveloSi misi
36
ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis an sam-

kvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.
1. me-16 muxlis pirveli nawili, uwinares yovlisa,

iTvaliswinebs mosarCelis interesebs _ uadvilebs mas
saqmis warmoebas sasamarTloSi, roca aRZravs sarCels
ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT. ramdenime mopasuxis mi-
marT sarCelis aRZvra ki SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos
sxvadasxva mizeziT, magaliTad, mosarCelis qonebas an
janmrTelobas erTad miayena ziani ramdenime pirma,
romlebic sxvadasxva raionis (qalaqis) teritoriaze
cxovroben. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSi mo-
sarCeles SeuZlia airCios sasamarTlo erT-erTi mo-
pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
_ gansjadoba erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-
gilis mixedviT gansxvavdeba alternatiuli gansja-
dobisagan. alternatiuli gansjadobis dros mosarCe-
les SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli sasamarTloSi mopasuxis
sacxovrebeli adgilis, misi adgilmdebareobis an misi
qonebis mdebareobis mixedviT, xolo gansjadoba me-
16 muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT uflebas aZlevs
mosarCeles airCios sasamarTlo mxolod erT-erTi mo-
pasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar cvlis
teritoriuli gansjadobis zogad princips.
2. xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdi-
nare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba is
adgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswine-
buli. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 362-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu
Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRvruli, maSin unda
vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebaTa urTierTobis ar-
siT. magaliTad, nagebobis remontis valdebulebis Ses-
rulebis adgili iqneba is adgili, sadac es nageboba mde-
bareobs. Tu Sesrulebis adgili arc TviTon xelSek-
rulebidan da arc misi Sesrulebis arsidan ar gamom-
dinareobs, maSin xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgili
individualurad gansazRvruli sagnis SemTxvevaSi iq-
neba is adgili, sadac es sagani imyofeboda xelSekru-
37
lebis dadebis momentisaTvis, gvareobiT gansazRvru-

li sagnis SemTxvevaSi _ adgili, sadac imyofeba mova-
lis sawarmo, xolo Tu aseTi ar aris, maSin misi sacxov-
rebeli adgili (iuridiuli misamarTi).7 magaliTad, aga-
ris Saqris sawarmos warmomadgenlobam dado xelSek-
ruleba q. foTSi Saqris garkveuli raodenobis miwo-
debis Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebiTi valdebulebis Sesru-
lebis adgilad, Tu es ar aris gansazRvruli TviTon
xelSekrulebaSi, unda CaiTvalos adgili, sadac mde-
bareobs agaris Saqris sawarmo. es imas niSnavs, rom sar-
Celi unda aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romlis terito-
riaze mdebareobs movale sawarmo, anu agaris Saqris
sawarmo.
3. me-16 muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs gansjado-
bas iuridiuli piris filialis adgilmdebareobis mi-
xedviT. iuridiuli piris filiali gancalkevebuli
qvedanayofia, romelic mdebareobs iuridiuli piris
adgilsamyoflis gareT da axorcielebs im iuridiuli
piris funqciebs, romlis qvedanayofic is aris (sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis 28-e muxli).
_ imisaTvis, rom sarCeli aRiZras iuridiuli piris
filialis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, savaldebuloa
erTi piroba: sarCeli unda gamomdinareobdes iuri-
diuli piris filialis (da ara TviTon iuridiuli
piris) saqmianobidan.
4. nebismieri sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs ka-
nonismieri an anderZismieri memkvidreobidan, wared-
gineba sasamarTlos im sacxovrebeli adgilis mixed-
viT, sadac cxovrobda mamkvidrebeli gardacvalebam-
de. me-16 muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs gansjado-
bas im SemTxvevaSic, roca mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos
moqalaqe iyo da gardacvalebis momentisaTvis igi saz-
RvargareT cxovrobda. aseT SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs
7.
z. axvlediani, valdebulebiTi samarTali, meore gamocema,
Tb., 1999, gv. 46-47.
38
alternatiul gansjadobas: sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras

sasamarTloSi mamkvidreblis ukanaskneli sacxovre-
beli adgilis, an samkvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflis
mixedviT.
muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxis

mimarT, romelsac saqarTveloSi ar
aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili
(qonebrivi gansjadoba)
sarCeli im mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac

saqarTveloSi ara aqvs sacxovrebeli adgi-
li, sasamarTlos SeiZleba waredginos mo-
pasuxis qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT,
xolo Tu moTxovna uzrunvelyofilia ra-
ime nivTiT, sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras am
nivTis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT.
_ me-17 muxli gansazRvravs gansjadobas im SemTx-

vevisaTvis, rodesac mopasuxes saqarTveloSi ar aqvs
sacxovrebeli adgili. aq igulisxmeba mopasuxe, rome-
lic saqarTvelos moqalaqea, Tumca ar aqvs sacxovre-
beli adgili.
amrigad, sarCeli mopasuxis mimarT, romelic saqar-
Tvelos moqalaqea, magram saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sac-
xovrebeli adgili, SeiZleba aRiZras aseTi mopasuxis
qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu moTxov-
na uzrunvelyofilia raime nivTiT _ am nivTis adgil-
samyoflis mixedviT.
_ moTxovnis raime nivTiT uzrunvelyofaSi aq uwi-
nares yovlisa igulisxmeba materialur-samarTlebri-
vi uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi, magaliTad, girao da
ipoTeka,8 magram ar aris gamoricxuli jer araRZruli
8.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore,
Tb., 1999, gv.193.
39
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisad sarCelis aR-

vZra aseTi mopasuxis yadaRadadebuli qonebis adgil-
samyoflis mixedviT (192-e muxli).
muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba

1. sarCeli sakuTrebis uflebis, qonebis
uflebrivi datvirTvis an aseTi datvirT-
visagan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, agreTve qo-
nebis gayofasTan, ganawilebasa da flo-
basTan dakavSirebuli sarCeli, Tu dava
exeba uZrav nivTebze, maT Soris, miwis nak-
veTze uflebas, SeiZleba Setanil iqnes
sasamarTloSi nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mi-
xedviT.
2. nivTobriv gansjadobas ganekuTvneba
sarCeli, romelic mimarTulia uZravi niv-
Tis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg,
agreTve sarCeli, romelic aRZrulia uZ-
ravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRa-
urebis gamo.
me-18 muxli Seicavs im sarCelebis amomwurav Camo-

naTvals, romlebic SeiZleba aRiZras nivTebis adgil-
samyoflis mixedviT. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia
mxolod uZravi nivTebi, maT Soris miwis nakveTi.
1. me-18 muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs aq CamoT-
vlili sarCelebis nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT
aRZvris SesaZleblobas. es imas niSnavs, rom es sarCe-
lebi SeiZleba aRiZras agreTve saerTo gansjadobis,
e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis (adgilsamyof-
lis) mixedviT, mosarCelis arCeviT.
2. nivTobrivi gansjadobis wesiT, e. i. nivTebis ad-
gilsamyoflis mixedviT, SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli uZ-
ravi nivTis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg, ma-
galiTad, sarCeli sxvisi ukanono mflobelobidan niv-
Tis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, sarCeli mesakuTris mier uf-
40
lebis borotad gamoyenebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb, sarCe-

li uZravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRaurebis
Sesaxeb.
muxli 19. ojaxuri davebis

gansjadoba
1. sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, qorwi-
nebis baTilad cnobis, agreTve qorwinebis
arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dadgenis Sesa-
xeb SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi
meuRleebis erToblivi sacxovrebeli ad-
gilis mixedviT. Tu sarCelis Setanis dro-
isaTvis aseTi adgili ar arsebobs, maSin
sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes mopasuxis
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu
mas ar gaaCnia sacxovrebeli adgili saqar-
TveloSi, maSin saqmes ganixilavs sasamarT-
lo mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mi-
xedviT.
2. Tu mosarCelesTan cxovroben aras-
rulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis ga-
mocxadebas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sac-
xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saqme SeiZle-
ba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarT-
loSi misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
3. amoRebulia
4. sarCeli mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb Se-
iZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi bav-
Svis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
5. sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Se-
saxeb SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarT-
loSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT.
1. me-19 muxli uflebas aZlevs mosarCeles gadaux-

vios me-15 muxliT gansazRvrul saerTo gansjadobis
41
wess, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli sasamarTlos waredgi-

neba mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. saer-
To gansjadobis wesidan aseTi gadaxvevis SesaZleblo-
ba zogjer gamowveulia mosarCelisaTvis SeRavaTiani
pirobebis SeqmniT, bavSvis interesebiT, sxva raionSi
an qalaqSi gamgzavrebis siZneleebiT da a. S.
2. swored am mosazrebebiTaa nakarnaxevi me-19 mux-
lis meore nawilSi Camoyalibebuli wesi, romlis Ta-
naxmad sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, baTilad cnobis,
agreTve qorwinebis arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dad-
genis Sesaxeb, Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi mopa-
suxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, magram Tu mo-
sarCelesTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, saq-
me SeiZleba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarTlo-
Si misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aseTi saqme gairCes sasamar-
TloSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT,
unda arsebobdes mosarCelis werilobiTi Txovna sa-
samarTlosadmi imis Sesaxeb, rom masTan cxovroben
arasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis gamocxa-
debas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT, ris gamoc iTxovs saqmis ganxilvas sasamar-
TloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
3. aseTive mosazrebebiTaa ganpirobebuli me-19 mux-
lis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli mamobis
dadgenisa da alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCe-
lebis aRZvris SesaZlebloba, Sesabamisad bavSvisa da
mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar
arTmevs uflebas mosarCeles aRZras sarCeli saerTo
gansjadobis mixedviT, e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-
gilis mixedviT.
muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelis

arCeviT
sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba, Tu saqme
42
ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, ekuTv-

nis mosarCeles.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac samoqalaqo saproce-

so kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleb-
lobas ramdenime sasamarTloSi, maSin mosarCeles Se-
uZlia TviTon airCios aseTi sasamarTlo. magaliTad,
sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba
wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi, rogorc mopasuxis, ise
mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. romel sa-
samarTlos mimarTos mosarCelem, damokidebulia mis
arCevanze.
muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobis

Sesaxeb
1. Tu ar aris dadgenili erTmniSvnelov-

nad gansjadi sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs
SeuZliaT SeTanxmebis gziT daadginon sa-
samarTlos gansjadoba. SeTanxmeba form-
deba werilobiT.
2. aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gan-
sjadi gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, Tu mopasuxe
winaaRmdegi ar aris, rom saqme ganixilos
aragansjadma sasamarTlom da Tanaxmaa mo-
nawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, amas-
Tan, Tu mopasuxe warmodgenili iqneba ad-
vokatiT an miecema ganmarteba sasamarT-
los aragansjadobisa da misi Sedegebis,
agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvs
wamoayenos Sesagebeli aragansjadobis wi-
naaRmdeg. sasamarTlos mier mopasuxisaT-
vis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesaxeb unda
aRiniSnos sasamarTlo oqmSi.
1. gansjadobis ori saxis Secvla ar SeiZleba mxare-

Ta SeTanxmebiT. esaa gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba da
43
gvareobiTi gansjadoba. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba

Camoyalibebulia me-16 muxlSi, xolo gvareobiTi gans-
jadoba me-13 da me-14 muxlebSi, agreTve saqarTvelos
administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-5 da me-6 mux-
lebSi. gvareobiTi gansjadoba _ esaa samoqalaqo da ad-
ministraciul saqmeTa ganawileba sxvadasxva donis
(rgolis) sasamarTloebs Soris: magaliTad, raionuli
sasamarTlos gansjad saqmeebs ver ganixilavs magist-
rati mosamarTle (me-13 da me-14 muxlebi)
mxareTa SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb werilobiT
unda Camoyalibdes an TviTon mxareTa mier dadebul
werilobiT garigebaSi (magaliTad, werilobiT gafor-
mebuli qiravnobis xelSekrulebaSi), an specialurad
gansjadobis Sesaxeb dadebul SeTanxmebaSi. Tu mxare-
Ta werilobiTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo
saqme ganixila aragansjadma sasamarTlom, maSin mxa-
res erTmeva ufleba daasabuTos Tavisi saCivari zem-
dgom sasamarTloSi aragansjadobis meSveobiT da mo-
iTxovos gadawvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmeba im mo-
tiviT, rom saqme aragansjadma sasamarTlom ganixila.
2. 21-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, aragansjadi
sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes mxareTa winas-
wari werilobiTi SeTanxmebis gareSec, oRond ami-
saTvis aucilebelia ramdenime pirobis arseboba. es pi-
robebia:
a) mopasuxe Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos aragansja-
di sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi da aseTi misi
Tanxmoba Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi;
b) mopasuxe warmodgenilia advokatiT, xolo, Tu mas
ar yavs advokati, maSin mieca ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb,
rom aragansjadobis motiviT gadawyvetilebis gasaCiv-
reba ar iqneba gaziarebuli zemdgomi sasamarTlos mi-
er, Tu is ar gamoiyenebs Tavis uflebas ganucxados
protesti aragansjad sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis
winaaRmdeg;
g) mopasuxisaTvis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesa-
xeb unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos oqmSi.
44
_ amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aragansjadma sasamarT-

lom ganixilos saqme, aucilebelia mxareTa winaswari
werilobiTi SeTanxmeba, rac sarCelis aRZvras unda us-
wrebdes win da aseTi SeTanxmeba unda daerTos sar-
Cels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ar miiRebs
mis aragansjad sarCels (186-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
magram Tu aragansjadobis sakiTxi gairkveva mogviane-
biT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis Tu misi arsebiTad ganxil-
vis etapze, maSin sasamarTlom unda imsjelos 21-e mux-
lis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT
saqmis ganxilvis SesaZleblobaze. Tu aseTi pirobebi
ar arsebobs da amitom saqmis ganxilva dauSvebelia,
sasamarTlom saqme gansjad sasamarTlos unda gadas-
ces (23-e muxli).
muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebis

dacviT miRebuli saqmis ganxilva
sasamarTlom gansjadobis wesebis dacviT
Tavis warmoebaSi miRebuli saqme unda ga-
nixilos da arsebiTad gadawyvitos, Tun-
dac es saqme SemdgomSi sxva sasamarTlos
gansjadi gaxdes.
_ 22-e muxlis ZiriTadi azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

mTavaria sarCeli miRebul iqnes sasamarTlos mier gan-
sjadobis wesebis dacviT. sarCelis warmoebaSi sworad
miRebis Semdeg SeiZleba Seicvalos pirobebi da igi uk-
ve sxva sasamarTlos gansjadi gaxdes, magram es ar Se-
iZleba gaxdes am sxva sasamarTlosaTvis saqmis gada-
cemis safuZveli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqmis gan-
xilva Zlier gaWianurdeboda imisda mixedviT, Tu ram-
denjer Seicvleba gansjadobis pirobebi da saWiro gax-
deba erTidan meoreSi, meoredan mesameSi da a. S. daus-
ruleblad saqmis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi gadacema.
radgan sarCeli Tavdapirvelad miRebuli iyo gans-
45
jadobis wesebis dacviT, sasamarTlom igi TviTonve

unda ganixilos.
muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadi

sasamarTlosaTvis
1. sasamarTlo saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva
sasamarTlos gadascems, Tu:
a) mopasuxe, romlis sacxovrebeli adgi-
lic winaT ar iyo cnobili, moiTxovs, rom
saqme gadaeces sasamarTlos Tavisi sacxov-
rebeli adgilis mixedviT;
b) erTi an ramdenime mosamarTlis acile-
bis gamo amave sasamarTloSi SeuZlebelia
maTi Secvla.
2. Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gans-
jadia, igi gadaecema sasamarTlos mosar-
Celis arCeviT.
3. saqmis sxva sasamarTloSi gadacemis Se-
saxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, ro-
melic ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs iseTi SemTx-

vevebis CamonaTvals, rodesac sasamarTlos SeuZlia
saqme gansaxilvelad sxva sasamarTlos gadasces. maga-
liTad, imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili mopasuxis ad-
gilsamyofeli, sarCeli aRiZra misi ukanaskneli sac-
xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rogorc amas iTvaliswi-
nebs me-15 muxlis meore nawili (ix. am muxlis komenta-
ri). Semdeg, rodesac mopasuxisaTvis cnobili gaxda,
rom mis winaaRmdeg sarCelia aRZruli misi ukanaskne-
li sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, moiTxova saqmis
gadacema sasamarTlosaTvis Tavisi amJamindeli sac-
xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
sasamarTlom unda daakmayofilos es moTxovna, mag-
ram, Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs saqmis gadacemas _ sa-
samarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos saqme da gamoitanos ga-
46
dawyvetileba, rac ver gaxdeba am gadawyvetilebis ga-

uqmebis safuZveli. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~
qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom saq-
me gadasces sxva sasamarTlos mopasuxis amJamindeli
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saWiroa TviT am mo-
pasuxis Txovna amis Sesaxeb.
_ 23-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti iTvaliswinebs saqmis sa-
samarTlosaTvis gadacemis iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac
saqme gansjadobis wesebis sruli dacviTaa miRebuli,
magram mosamarTlis (mosamarTleebis) acilebis gamo,
SeuZlebelia maTi Secvla amave sasamarTloSi. saqmis
ganxilva acilebuli mosamarTlis monawileobiT unda
Sefasdes rogorc saqmis ganxilva sasamarTlos araka-
nonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis à~ qvepunq-
ti), rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi
(udavo) safuZvelia, amitom, saqme unda gadaeces sxva
sasamarTlos im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gansazRv-
rulia 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebiT (ix. am muxle-
bis komentari).
2. 23-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs alter-
natiuli gansjadobis SemTxvevebi, e. i. SemTxvevebi,
rodesac saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia. me-
20 muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos
gansjadia, sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba aqvs mosarCe-
les. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saqme, romelic 23-e mux-
liT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT sxva sasamarTlos
unda gadaeces, ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, ma-
Sin gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes mosarCelis survili.
nebismier sxva SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxs Tu romel sasamar-
Tlos gadaeces saqme _ wyvets sasamrTlos Tavmjdo-
mare (34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebi).
3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis sxva sasamarTlo-
ze gansaxilvelad gadacema xdeba 23-e muxlis à~ qve-
punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT, maSin TviTon
am sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba amis Sesaxeb.
magram, Tu saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gadacema xde-
ba am muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ-
47
vliT, maSin ganCineba aseTi gadacemis Sesaxeb, 34-e mux-

lis me-3 da me-5 nawilebis Tanaxmad, gamoaqvs Sesabami-
si sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (ix. am muxlis komenta-
ri).
aq miTiTebul ganCinebebze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davis

dauSvebloba
erTi sasamarTlodan meoreSi gadagzav-

nil saqmes warmoebaSi gansaxilvelad iRebs
is sasamarTlo, romelsac igi gadaegzavna.
dava sasamarTloebs Soris gansjadobis Se-
saxeb ar daiSveba.
_ es muxli, uwinares yovlisa, mimarTulia saqmis

ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan acilebisaken, erTi sa-
samarTlodan meoreSi dausruleblad saqmeTa gadag-
zavnis winaaRmdeg. amitom, sasamarTlom, romelsac ga-
daegzavna saqme, unda miiRos da ganixilos igi, miuxe-
davad imisa, sworad moxda saqmis gadagzavna Tu ara.
amasTan erTad, kanoni ar gamoricxavs SesaZleblobas,
rom sasamarTlom acnobos zemdgom sasamarTlos daS-
vebuli Secdomebisa Tu saqmeTa gadagzavnis aramarT-
lzomierebaze, raTa miRebul iqnes zomebi momavalSi
analogiuri Secdomebis aRmofxvrisaTvis.
48
T a v i IV
sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba
muxli 25. sasamarTlos

Semadgenloba
1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi pirveli instanci-

iT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, aseve
magistrati mosamarTleebis mier ganixileba
erTpirovnulad.
2. amoRebulia
3. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva saapel-
acio wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlis
mier.
4. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva sakasacio
wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlis mier,
garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca saqmes ganix-
ilavs uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlos

Semadgenlobas raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebisa
da magistrati mosamarTleebis mier saqmeTa ganxilvis
dros. rogorc wesi es sasamarTloebi saqmeebs
ganixilaven erTpirovnulad - erTi mosamarTlis
magistrati (mosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT.
gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens 26-e
muxlis pirveli nawili, romelic garkveuli pirobebis
arsebobisas iTvaliswinebs raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos mier saqmis pirveli instanciT ganxilvis
SesaZleblobas sasamarTlos kolegiuri (sami
mosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT (ix. 26-e muxlis
komentari).
2. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saapelacio
wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos kolegiuri - sami
mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
49
gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dadgenilia 443-e

muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde
Setanil saapelacio saCivars me-14 muxliT
gansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebriv samarTlebriv
davaze, romlis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 10 000 lars,
aseve, SromiT davebze erTpirovnulad ganixilavs
saapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis
mosamarTle.
amrigad, am muxlis me-3 nawiliT dadgenili
gamonaklisi moqmedebs 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde. amis
Semdeg yvela saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlo ganixilavs
sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
3. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs sakasacio
sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos
kolegiuri - sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
gamonaklisi am mxriv dadgenilia saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis mimarT. didi
palata warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarTlos, romelic
saqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
da „saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb”
saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Sesabamisad (ix. 3911-e
muxlis komentari), 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT.
muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTuli

kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis wesi
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac raionul (sa-
qalaqo) sasamarTloSi aris mosamarTleTa
sakmarisi raodenoba kolegiuri Semadgen-
lobiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, erTpirov-
nulad saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles Se-
uZlia daadginos saqmis kolegiuri gan-
xilva sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, Tu:
a) saqmis ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas gan-
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo
praqtikisaTvis;
b) saqme faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi
50
TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT

xasiaTdeba.
2. motivirebuli ganCineba saqmis sasa-
marTlos kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT gan-
xilvis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs mTa-
var sxdomaze am saqmis ganxilvis dawyebam-
de. ganCineba gadaecema sasamarTlos Tavm-
jdomares, romelic gansazRvravs kolegi-
ur Semadgenlobas am saqmis ganmxilveli
Tavdapirveli mosamarTlis aucilebeli mo-
nawileobiT.
3. amoRebulia
4. amoRebulia
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs gamonakliss sa-

erTo wesidan, romelic dadgenilia `saerTo sasamar-
Tloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-
15 punqtiT da am kodeqsis 25-e muxlis pirveli nawi-
liT, romelTa Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxil-
va raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi xorcieldeba
erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier.
_ gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dasaSvebia mxolod
am muxlis pirveli nawiliT zustad gansazRvruli pi-
robis arsebobisas.
a) gansakuTrebuli praqtikuli mniSvneloba SeiZle-
ba ganpirobebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magali-
Tad, analogiuri saqme jer ar yofila ganxiluli sasa-
marTloebSi, anu ar arsebobs araviTari praqtika ase-
Ti saqmeebis ganxilvisa, an kidev, sxvanairi iuridiu-
li Sefaseba unda mieces saqmis garemoebebs, vidre es
dRemde iyo miRebuli da a. S.
b) saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTule SeiZleba ganpi-
robebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magaliTad, sa-
samarTlos mier gamosayenebeli norma axleburad da
sruliad gansxvavebulad awesrigebs sadavo urTier-
Tobas, vidre adre moqmedi kanonmdebloba, an kidev,
kanonis azrisa da Sinaarsis sworad da amomwuravad
51
amoxsna da gageba rTulia da moiTxovs samarTlis sxva-

dasxva institutebis codnas da sxva.
_ Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom kolegiurad saq-
mis ganxilvas aqvs ara formaluri, aramed arsebiTi
mniSvneloba, rac mosamarTlis maRali profesionalo-
biTa da misi specializaciiT ganisazRvreba, maSin un-
da gavakeToT daskvna, rom kolegia unda Sedges im mo-
samarTleebisagan, romlebsac aqvT samoqalaqo saqme-
Ta (farTo gagebiT) ganxilvis gamocdileba, kargad ic-
noben Sesabamis kanonmdeblobasa da misi gamoyenebis
praqtikas. amitom, Tu es piroba ar arsebobs, umjobe-
sia saqme ganixilos erTpirovnulad mosamarTlem.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, jer-erTi, gansazRvravs Tu
romel etapze SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes ganCineba saq-
mis kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb. es eta-
pia saqmis momzadebis stadia, e. i. mTavar sasamarTlo
sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis daniSvnamde. Tu mosamarT-
lem daniSna mTavari sxdoma, daiwyo saqmis ganxilva, man
kidec unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi. saqmis gan-
xilvis gadadeba an SeCereba im motiviT, rom igi ganixi-
los sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgenlobam, kanoniT
araa gaTvaliswinebuli. meore, mosamarTlis ganCineba
saqmis kolegiuri sasamarTlos SemadgenlobiT ganxil-
vis Sesaxeb motivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) unda iyos,
e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu ratom eniWeba am
saqmis ganxilvas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba an ra
faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli misi sirTule.
_ sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia uari Tqvas
kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxilvaze imis ga-
mo, rom mosamarTlis ganCineba araa dasabuTebuli da
damajerebeli an imis gamo, rom am sasamarTloSi araa
Sesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone mosamarTleTa sakmari-
si raodenoba kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxil-
visaTvis. mosamarTlis ganCinebis miRebaze uaris Tqmi-
sa da saqmis erTpirovnulad ganxilvisaTvis ukan dab-
runebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia
52
gamoitanos ganCineba an Semoifarglos Sesabamisi war-

weriT (rezoluciiT) ganCinebaze.
muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlos

mier sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi
1. Tu saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTlo axor-
cielebs kolegiurad, am saqmis ganxilvas-
Tan dakavSirebiT wamoWrili yvela sakiTxi
unda gadawydes xmebis umravlesobiT. arc
erT mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs Tavi Se-
ikavos romelime sakiTxis gadawyvetisagan.
2. mosamarTles, romelic pirveli ins-
tanciis, saapelacio instanciisa da sakasa-
cio instanciis sasamarTloebis mier ga-
dawyvetilebis, ganCinebisa Tu dadgenile-
bis gamotanisas ar eTanxmeba umravleso-
bas, SeuZlia werilobiT Camoayalibos Ta-
visi gansxvavebuli azri, ris Sesaxebac ec-
nobebaT mxareebs gadawyvetilebis gamoc-
xadebis dros.
3. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes,
magram sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi misi
Sinaarsi ar gamocxaddeba.
1. 27-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi Camoyalibebulia ori

fundamenturi debuleba: pirveli _ mosamarTleTa
sruli damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba, hqondes
Tavisi sakuTari azri saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-
rebiT wamoWril yvela sakiTxze da meore _ arcerT
mosamarTles, romelic Tanamdebobrivad mowode-
bulia ganaxorcielos marTlmsajuleba, ufleba
ara aqvs uari Tqvas an Tavi Seikavos im saqmeze ga-
dawyvetilebis miRebaSi, romlis ganxilvaSic monawi-
leobda. gadawyvetilebis miRebisagan Tavis Sekaveba
unda Sefasdes, rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cielebaze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosamarTlis mier Ta-
53
visi Tanamdebobrivi funqciis Sesrulebaze uaris

Tqma, aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT, maT Soris
Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebiT.
imisaTvis, rom miRebul iqnes gadawyvetileba (gan-
Cineba), ar aris aucilebeli, rom am gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi monawile yvela mosamarTles erTnairi mosaz-
reba hqondes. es SezRudavda mosamarTlis fundamen-
tur uflebas, iqonios Tavisi mixeduleba saqmis gan-
xilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril ama Tu im sakiTxze.
amitom sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miReba xdeba
xmebis umravlesobiT.
_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Se-
saxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, rodesac
saqmis ganmxilvel samive mosamarTles gansxvavebu-
li azri aqvs. aseTi viTareba Teoriulad araa gamo-
ricxuli, Tumca praqtikulad Znelad warmosadgenia.
gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uaris Tqmas im motiviT, rom
saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTleebi ver SeTanxmdnen ama
Tu im sakiTxze, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs
gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis _ kanonmdebloba ar
iTvaliswinebs. gamosavali aseTi viTarebidan SeiZle-
ba erTi iyos: kolegiis Tavmjdomare, rogorc wesi, xmas
aZlevs bolos da is unda miemxros im mosamarTles,
romlis Sexedulebac ufro axlosaa mis poziciasTan.
es SesaZleblobas miscems sasamarTlos miiRos gadaw-
yvetileba xmebis umravlesobiT.
2. 27-e muxlis me-2 nawili naTlad da garkveulad
miuTiTebs, jer-erTi, imaze, rom gansxvavebuli azri
SeiZleba Camoayalibos mosamarTlem, rogorc pirve-
li instanciiT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis, ise
mosamarTlem saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT saqmis gan-
xilva-gadawyvetis dros. meorec, werilobiTi formiT
gansxvavebuli azris Camoyalibeba dasaSvebia aramar-
to gadawyvetilebis, aramed ganCinebis gamotanis
drosac.
_ gansxvavebuli azri unda gaformdes werilobiT
araugvianes motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis Camoya-
54
libebisa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ver Sesruldeba 27-

e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom gans-
xvavebuli azris Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxareebs `ga-
dawyvetilebis gamocxadebis dros~. mxedvelobaSia mo-
tivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba, magram araa
gamoricxuli gansxvavebuli azri gaformdes werilo-
biT da ecnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs gadawyvetilebis
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis drosac. sasamar-
Tloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is, rom gansxva-
vebuli azri arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac igi we-
rilobiTaa Camoyalibebuli.
3. mxareebs ecnobebaT mxolod imis Sesaxeb, rom ar-
sebobs gansxvavebuli azri. misi Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba
gamocxaddes (wakiTxul iqnes) sasamarTlo sxdomis
darbazSi. igi unda Caidos konvertSi da daerTos saq-
mes. cxadia, rom mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs uf-
leba aqvT gaecnon gansxvavebul azrs. es ufleba pir-
dapir gamomdinareobs 83-e da 98-e muxlebis analizi-
dan, romelTa Tanaxmad mxareebs da maT warmomadgen-
lebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon saqmis masalebs, e.i. masa-
lebs, romlebic saqmeSia (ix. am muxlebis komentari),
maT Soris gansxvavebul azrs.
muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba

mosamarTleebs ufleba ar aqvT gaaxmau-
ron msjeloba, romelic maT hqondaT TaT-
biris dros.
TaTbiris saidumloeba uzrunvelyofs mosamarT-

lis Tavisuflebas mSvidad da yovelgvari SeboWilo-
bis gareSe gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba, rogorc cal-
keuli sakiTxebis, ise gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Se-
saxeb saerTod. saqme isaa, rom gadawyvetileba (ganCi-
neba) sasamarTlom unda warmoadginos, rogorc mosa-
marTleTa erTsulovani mixeduleba, rasac didi mniS-
55
vneloba aqvs am gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) avtori-

tetis ganmtkicebisaTvis.
muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSi

mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT
monawileobis dauSvebloba
1. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda saq-
mis pirveli instanciiT ganxilvaSi, ver mi-
iRebs monawileobas am saqmis ganxilvaSi
saapelacio instanciis an/da sakasacio in-
stanciis sasamarTloSi.
2. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda
saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sa-
samarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am
saqmis ganxilvaSi pirveli instanciis an/da
sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.
3. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda
saqmis ganxilvaSi sakasacio instanciis sa-
samarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am
saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sa-
samarTloSi an/da pirveli instanciis sa-
samarTloSi.
1. 29-e muxli emyareba erT metad gonivrul prin-

cips: gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis Tu dasabuTebu-
lobis Semowmeba ar SeiZleba miendos im mosamarTles,
romelmac es gadawyvetileba gamoitana.
am muxlis analizis, misi azrisa da Sinaarsis safuZ-
velze SeiZleba CamovayaliboT Semdegi Sinaarsis praq-
tikuli wesi: erTi da igive mosamarTle ver miiRebs
monawileobas erTi da igive saqmis sxvadasxva ins-
tanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas.
aseT ganmartebas aZlevs am muxls sakasacio sasa-
marTlo, romelmac Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi miuTi-
Ta, rom `mosamarTles ekrZaleba saqmis ganxilvaSi mo-
56
nawileoba, Tu igi am saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobda

sxva instanciis da ara imave instanciis sasamarTloSi.9
2. amasTan erTad, 29-e muxli ar gamoricxavs da, ma-
Sasadame, uSvebs saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganme-
orebiT monawileobas Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda pir-
veli instanciis sasamarTloSi, igi SeiZleba ganixilos
imave mosamarTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurma
Semadgenlobam, romlis gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) ga-
uqmda;
b) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda saa-
pelacio sasamarTloSi sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, igi
SeiZleba ganixilos imave saapelacio palatam (mosamar-
TleTa igive Semadgenlobam), romlis gadawyvetilebac
am saqmeze gauqmda;
g) Tu saapelacio palatis gadawyvetileba (ganCine-
ba) kvlav gasaCivrda sakasacio wesiT, saqme SeiZleba
kvlav ganixilos imave sakasacio palatam, romelmac ad-
re es saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daabruna saapela-
cio sasamarTloSi.

SemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebis
daSvebis akrZalva
samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarT-
los SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba Sediod-
nen pirebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo na-
Tesavebi arian, xolo Tu maT Soris aseTi
naTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini unda Ca-
moacilon saqmis ganxilvas.
_ sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba iyvnen

mosamarTleebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo naTesave-
bi arian. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sasamarTlos Semad-
genlobaSi aseTi naTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini Ca-
9
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #1, gv. 53.
57
mocilebuli unda iqnen saqmis ganxilvidan. es SeiZle-

ba moxdes TviTacilebiT an mxaris gancxadebiT acile-
bis Sesaxeb.
_ 30-e muxli ar Seicavs miTiTebas imaze, Tu rogori
naTesaoba SeiZleba CaiTvalos axlo naTesaur urTier-
Tobad. amitom, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 31-e muxlis me-2
nawilSi miTiTebuli naTesavebis CamonaTvali (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
_ Tu miuxedavad kanonismieri akrZalvisa, sasamar-
Tlos SemadgenlobaSi, romelmac ganixila da gadawy-
vita saqme, aRmoCndnen axlo naTesavebi, es SeiZleba
gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli 394-e
muxlis à~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis ko-
mentari), radgan saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakano-
nierma Semadgenlobam.
muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxva

safuZvlebi
1. mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba ganixilos
saqme an monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxil-
vaSi, Tu is:
a) am saqmeSi TviTon warmoadgens mxares,
an mas ama Tu im mxaresTan saerTo uflebe-
bi an valdebulebebi akavSirebs;
b) am saqmis adrindel ganxilvaSi monawi-
leobda mowmed, eqspertad, specialistad,
Tarjimnad, warmomadgenlad an sasamarT-
lo sxdomis mdivnad;
g) mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis naTesa-
via;
d) piradad, pirdapir an arapirdapir da-
interesebulia saqmis SedegiT, an Tu aris
sxva iseTi garemoeba, romelic eWvs iwvevs
mis miukerZoeblobaSi.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~ qvepun-
qtis Tanaxmad, naTesavebad iTvlebian:
58
a) meuRle;
b) daniSnuli;
g) pirdapiri xazis naTesavebi;
d) da-Zma;
e) disSvilebi da ZmisSvilebi;
v) mSoblebis da-Zmebi;
z) danaTesavebulebi (moyvrebi);
T) pirebi, romlebic xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi ojaxuri urTierTobiT ari-
an dakavSirebulni.
1. 31-e muxlSi CamoTvlili acilebis safuZvlebi saq-

mis miukerZoeblad ganxilvis interesebiTaa nakarna-
xevi. amitom, Tu arsebobs mosamarTlis acilebis erT-
erTi safuZveli, romelic am muxlSia miTiTebuli, mo-
samarTles ekrZaleba ganixilos saqme an monawileoba
miiRos mis ganxilvaSi da acilebul unda iqnes. winaaR-
mdeg SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis
(ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZveli.
a) mosamarTles ekrZaleba SeiTavsos mxarisa da mo-
samarTlis funqcia, e. i. mas ar SeuZlia iyos mosamarT-
le sakuTar saqmeze, romlis erT-erT mxaresTan mas
akavSirebs saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi. maga-
liTad, sadavo qoneba (davis sagani) aris saerTo (Tana-
ziari an wiladi) sakuTrebis obieqti, xolo mosamarT-
le misi erT-erTi TanamesakuTrea, an kidev igi soli-
daruli valdebulebis erT-erTi subieqtia da a. S.
b) mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mowmis, eqs-
pertis, specialistis, Tarjimnis, warmomadgenlis an
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis funqcia. amitom, mosamar-
Tle acilebul unda iqnes, Tu igi adre am saqmeSi mona-
wileobda am saxiT, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi unda
miiRos monawileoba aq CamoTvlili romelime subieq-
tis saxiT. ufro metic, mosamarTle acilebul unda
iqnes im SemTxvevaSic, roca ar aris ganzraxuli, rom
igi mowmed daikiTxos, magram man uSualod dainaxa mo-
pasuxis mier mosarCelis qonebisaTvis zianis miyene-
59
bis faqti, an kidev, eswreboda mxareTa mier garigebis

dadebis faqts da a. S., e. i. nebiT Tu uneblieT gaxda
iseTi faqtis mowme, romelsac am saqmis gadawyveti-
saTvis aqvs mniSvneloba;
g) mosamarTlis acilebis erT-erTi safuZvelia mi-
si naTesaoba mxaresTan an mis warmomadgenelTan. na-
Tesavebis CamonaTvals Seicavs am muxlis me-2 nawili.
Tu mosamarTlis naTesaoba mxaris an misi warmomadgen-
lis mimarT am CamonaTvalidan erT-erTs Seesabameba,
maSin igi Camocilebul unda iqnes saqmis ganxilvidan;
d) zogad SefasebiT msjelobaTa kategorias gane-
kuTvneba `d~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli acilebis safuZ-
veli. amitom, am safuZvliT acilebis gancxadebisas
mxare valdebulia miuTiTos iseT konkretul faqtob-
riv garemoebebze, romlebic miuTiTeben imaze, rom mo-
samarTle marTla dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT.
cxadia, rom mosamarTlem yvelaze ukeT icis, marTla
dainteresebulia Tu ara igi saqmis SedegiT. amas aqvs
mniSvneloba, magram ar aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
acilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis. es imas niSnavs,
rom Tu mxare iseT konkretul faqtebze miuTiTebs,
romlebic TavisTavad badeben eWvs mosamarTlis miu-
kerZoeblobaSi, mosamarTle unda Camocildes saqmis
ganxilvas, Tumca igi Sinaganad sulac ar fiqrobs saq-
mis mikerZoebulad gadawyvetas. mosamarTlis ganwyo-
bas, mis Sinagan fsiqologiur mdgomareobas ar aqvs
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba.
2. 31-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili naTesavebis
wre sakmaod farToa, xolo `z~ da `T~ qvepunqtebSi mi-
TiTebuli pirebis naTesaoba moiTxovs mosamarTlis
mxriv dakonkretebas. magaliTad, SeiZleba Tu ara mo-
samarTlis acilebas safuZvlad daedos is faqti, rom
misi Svili, meuRle Tu mSobeli aris erT-erTi mxaris
naTlia? am da sxva analogiur SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlem
unda ixelmZRvanelos moyvrobis tradiciuli gagebiT
da ise miiRos gadawyvetileba acilebis Taobaze.
60
muxli 32. TviTacileba
acilebis safuZvlebis arsebobisas mosa-

marTle valdebulia ganacxados TviTaci-
leba. TviTacilebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles
(sasamarTlos) gamoaqvs ganCineba, romel-
Sic unda mieTiTos TviTacilebis safuZve-
li.
_ unda ganvasxvavoT acilebis ori saxe: TviTaci-

leba da acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT. gansxvaveba
isaa, rom TviTacileba xdeba TviTon mosamarTlis ini-
ciativiT, xolo acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT _ es iq-
neba acileba mxareTa iniciativiT.
saerTo am ori saxis acilebas Soris isaa, rom ro-
gorc TviTacileba, ise acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT,
unda emyarebodes im safuZvlebs, romlebsac iTvalis-
winebs kanoni, kerZod, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeq-
sis Sesabamisi normebi (29-31-e muxlebi).
_ TviTacileba, ise rogorc mxareTa gancxadeba aci-
lebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos. dausabuTebeli
TviTacileba SeiZleba TviTon gaxdes sxvadasxvagva-
ri eWvebis sababi, rogorc mxareebis, ise am saqmis gan-
xilviT dainteresebuli pirebisa da zemdgomi sasamar-
Tlo instanciebisaTvis.
_ Tu TviTacileba ganacxada kolegiuri Semadgen-
lobis erT-erTma mosamarTlem, misi acilebis sakiTxs
gadawyveten sxva mosamarTleebi (ix. 34-e muxlis me-4
nawilis komentari).
_ erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis
TviTacilebis SemTxvevaSi acilebis sakiTxs wyvets
TviT es mosamarTle (34-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadeba

acilebis Sesaxeb
mxareebs SeuZliaT werilobiT ganacxa-
61
don acileba. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb

motivirebul unda iqnes da gakeTdes saq-
mis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis
momzadebis dros. acilebis Taobaze Semd-
gomi gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod im SemT-
xvevaSi, Tu acilebis safuZveli im piri-
saTvis, romelic acilebas moiTxovs, cno-
bili gaxda an warmoiSva mTavari sxdomis
dawyebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxa-
deba acilebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia mxareTa
paeqrobamde.
_ 33-e muxli calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom gancxadeba

acilebis Sesaxeb wardgenil unda iqnes werilobiTi
formiT. mxedvelobaSia acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
Setana saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. magram, Tu am mux-
liT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi acilebis gancxade-
ba gakeTda saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, maSin aseTi
gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTlo sxdo-
mis oqmSi.
_ gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb unda iyos motivire-
buli. es imas niSnavs, rom gancxadebaSi, sul erTia, we-
rilobiT iqneba es gakeTebuli Tu zepirad, miTiTebu-
li unda iyos safuZvelze, romelic kanonis Tanaxmad
iwvevs acilebas (29-31-e muxlebi). aramotivirebuli
gancxadeba ar SeiZleba dakmayofilebul iqnes.
_ 33-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebis uflebaze ganac-
xadon acileba, magram mxedvelobaSia ara marto uSua-
lod mxareebi, aramed mesame pirebi damoukidebeli
moTxovniT, agreTve mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moT-
xovnis gareSe (91-e muxli).
_ 33-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianure-
bis mcdelobis winaaRmdeg erT metad efeqtur me-
qanizms: acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba Setanil unda iq-
nes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze anu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros acilebis
Taobaze gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod erTi pirobiT _
62
Tu acilebis safuZveli cnobili gaxda ganmcxadebli-

saTvis mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. am pirobas
sasamarTloebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mi-
aqcion da ganuxrelad gaataron cxovrebaSi kanonis es
moTxovna, radgan igi jer-erTi, emsaxureba moqalaqe-
Ta aRzrdas kanonisadmi da sasamarTlosadmi pativis-
cemis suliskveTebiT da meore, Tavidan icilebs saq-
mis ganxilvis usafuZvlod gaWianurebas.
amitom, acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Semomtanma
pirma unda warudginos sasamarTlos damajerebeli
mtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom acilebis safuZveli
misTvis cnobili gaxda an warmoiSva saqmis zepir gan-
xilvaze mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. mxolod am
faqtis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarT-
los `dauSvas gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb~ da ganixi-
los igi. cxadia, rom acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis daS-
veba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom gancxadebuli aci-
leba dakmayofildeba. Tu gansaxilvelad daSvebuli
gancxadebis ganxilvis dros aRmoCndeba, rom ar arse-
bobs acilebis safuZveli _ sasamarTlo gamoitans gan-
Cinebas acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebis

gadawyvetis wesi
1. acilebis gancxadebis Semdeg sasamarT-
lom (mosamarTlem) SeiZleba mousminos mxa-
reebs, agreTve im pirs, romlis mimarTac
ganacxades acileba.
2. acilebis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets
adgilze moTaTbirebiT an saTaTbiro oTax-
Si.
3. Tu acileba ganucxades mosamarTles,
romelic erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saq-
mes, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets TviT es mosa-
marTle. acilebis miRebis an TviTacilebis
SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle saqmes gadascems
63
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic mas

gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva mosamarTles.
Tu raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi ar
aris samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sxva
mosamarTle, maSin sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-
mare saqmes ugzavnis saapelacio sasamarT-
los Tavmjdomares sxva raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad.
4. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri Se-
madgenlobis erT-erT mosamarTles, am mo-
samarTlis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten
sxva darCenili mosamarTleebi asacilebe-
li mosamarTlis dauswreblad. mosamarT-
lis acilebis winaaRmdeg an aseTi acile-
bis mxardasaWerad xmebis Tanabari raode-
nobis dros mosamarTle acilebulad iTv-
leba. aseT SemTxvevaSi igi unda Seicvalos
sxva mosamarTliT.
5. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri
sasamarTlos mTel Semdagenlobas an mis
umravlesobas, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets amave
sasamarTlos sruli Semadgenloba xmebis
umravlesobiT. kolegiuri sasamarTlos
mTeli Semadgenlobis an misi umravleso-
bis acilebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gadaecema
amave sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic
saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems kolegiuri
sasamarTlos sxva Semadgenlobas.
6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos pa-
latis an saapelacio sasamarTlos palatis
mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi
saqme gadaecema Sesabamisi sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomares, romelic mas kanoniT dad-
genili wesiT gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva
Semadgenlobas. Tu saapelacio sasamarT-
loSi acilebis miRebisas an am kodeqsis
29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxveveb-
64
Si SeuZlebelia mosamarTleTa axali Se-

madgenlobis Seqmna, saqme egzavneba saqarTve-
los uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares
sxva saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gada-
sacemad.
1. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes

sasamarTloSi saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, xolo ka-
noniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobis arsebobisas _ sasa-
marTlos mTavar sxdomazec (ix. 33-e muxlis komenta-
ri). Tu aseTi piroba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo saer-
Tod ar ganixilavs saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis
Semdgom gancxadebul acilebas. rodesac gancxade-
ba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanilia saqmis momzadebis sta-
diaze, sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos mousminos Tu
ara mxareebs, anu TviTon ganmcxadebels da mowinaaR-
mdege mxares. Tu sasamarTlo an saqmis erTpirovnu-
lad ganmxilveli mosamarTle Tvlis, rom mxareTa mos-
mena saWiroa, is niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da mo-
ismens mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxareTa gamoucxdeblo-
ba mosamzadebel sxdomaze ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis
gadawyvetas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamo-
aqvs ganCineba acilebis Sesaxeb an acilebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb.
Tu acileba gancxadebulia mTavar sxdomaze da igi
dasaSvebia 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, maSin sasamarTlom un-
da mousminos mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, rom-
lebic eswrebian am sxdomas.
piri, romelsac ganucxades acileba, ar aris valde-
buli misces raime ganmarteba mis mimarT gancxadebu-
li acilebis Taobaze, magram Tu aseTi survili aqvs,
sasamarTlom unda mousminos mas. mxedvelobaSia ise-
Ti SemTxveva, rodesac acileba ganucxades kolegiu-
ri sasamarTlos mosamarTles an sxva pirs (eqsperts,
Tarjimans, sxdomis mdivans, specialists). Tu acile-
ba ganucxades erTpirovnulad saqmis gamrCev mosamar-
Tles, maSin is araviTar ganmartebas acilebis Sesaxeb
65
aravis ar aZlevs. misi pozicia aisaxeba ganCinebaSi,

romelsac igi miiRebs gancxadebuli acilebis Taoba-
ze.
2. acilebis sakiTxi, damoukideblad imisagan, Tu vis
mimarT ganacxades acileba, SeiZleba gadawyvitos sa-
samarTlom rogorc adgilze moTaTbirebiT, ise saTaT-
biro oTaxSi. igive unda iTqvas erTpirovnulad saqmis
gamrCev mosamarTleze. masac SeuZlia saTaTbiro oTax-
Si gausvlelad gamoitanos ganCineba acilebis Taoba-
ze, rac Seitaneba oqmSi (ix. 284-e muxlis komentari),
Tu es sakiTxi sasamarTlo sxdomaze iyo ganxiluli.
3. 34-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs erTpirov-
nulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis acilebis an
TviTacilebis wess, romlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetile-
bas TviTacilebis Sesaxeb iRebs TviTon mosamarTle.
sanam am sakiTxs gadawyvetdes, mosamarTles, Tu es mas
saWirod miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da mousmi-
nos maT, roca acilebis sakiTxi dasmulia saqmis winas-
wari momzadebis stadiaze, magram Tu es sakiTxi daisva
mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, maSin mosamarTles
SeuZlia mousminos am sxdomaze gamocxadebul mxare-
ebs.
amrigad, acilebis sakiTxebze mxareTa mosmena da
maTi mosazrebebis gageba araa aucilebeli da saval-
debulo. yvelaferi damokidebulia mosamarTlis mi-
xedulebaze.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca mosamarTlem miiRo acile-
ba (TviTacileba), igi saqmes warudgens am sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomares, romelic am saqmes gansaxilvelad ga-
dascems samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sxva mosamarT-
les. aq mxedvelobaSia mosamarTleTa specializacia,
romelic damkvidrebulia `saerTo sasamarTloebis Se-
saxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-151 muxliT.
4. kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganmxilveli sa-
samarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis acilebis SemTx-
vevaSi, rac xorcieldeba am muxlis me-4 nawiliT dad-
genili wesiT, igi am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris meS-
66
veobiT unda Seicvalos amave sasamarTlos sxva mosa-

marTliT.
kolegiuri sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis
acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten danarCeni mosamarTle-
ebi, asacilebeli mosamarTlis gareSe, magram winaswar,
e. i. acilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetamde, SeiZleba mous-
minon, rogorc am asacilebel mosamarTles, ise mxare-
ebs.
5. kolegiuri sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis umravle-
sobis an mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi,
saqme gadaecema im sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, rome-
lic saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva Semadgenlobas gadas-
cems.
magram, Tu am sasamarTloSi SeuZlebelia mosamar-
TleTa axali Semadgenlobis Seqmna, an imis gamo, rom
ar aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba, an kidev,
29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mizezis gamo (ix. am mux-
lis komentari), maSin saqme unda gadaegzavnos Sesaba-
mis saapelacio sasamarTlos saqmis sxva sasamarTlo-
saTvis gadasacemad.
6. 34-e muxlis me-6 nawili iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi
sasamarTloebis palatebis, e. i. saapelacio sasamarT-
loebis mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi am
sasamarTloebis TavmjdomareTa meSveobiT palatis
sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis saqmis gadacemis wess. magram
Tu es SeuZlebelia, maSin saqme unda gadaeces saqarT-
velos uzenaes sasamarTlos, romelic am saqmes gansa-
xilvelad sxva Sesabamis sasamarTlos gadascems. maga-
liTad, Tu acilebul iqna quTaisis saapelacio pala-
tis mTeli Semadgenloba, maSin am sasamarTlos Tavmj-
domare saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems saapelacio pa-
latis sxva Semadgenlobas, magram Tu es SeuZlebelia,
saqme unda gadaegzavnos saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamar-
Tlos. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare am saqmes
gansaxilvelad gadaugzavnis sxva saapelacio sasa-
marTlos.
saqmis gadacema erTi sasamarTlos Semadgenlobi-
67
dan amave sasamarTlos sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis, an er-

Ti sasamarTlodan meore sasamarTloSi, warmoebs gan-
Cinebis safuZvelze, romelsac iRebs erTpirovnulad
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare.
7. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi iyo SemTxveva, roca aci-
leba ganucxades mTlianad sasamarTlos (magaliTad,
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos, quTaisis saapela-
cio sasamarTlos).
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblo-
ba iTvaliswinebs mosamarTleTa acilebas da ara ama Tu
im raionuli (saqalaqo), saapelacio Tu saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos acilebas. amitom, saqarTvelos
sasamarTlo sistemis romelime rgolis mimarT ganc-
xadebuli acileba dauSvebelia da ar unda iqnes ganxi-
luli.
muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis,

specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis
acilebis safuZveli
eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdo-
mis mdivnis acileba dasaSvebia 31-e muxlis
pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ-
vliT.
_ eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi, specialistebi da sxdo-

mis mdivnebi, marTalia, asruleben sxvadasxva rols,
magram isini yvelani mowodebuli arian xeli Seuwyon
saqmis sworad ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. swored imi-
tom, rom isini asruleben mniSvnelovan rols, kanoni
iTvaliswinebs maTi acilebis SesaZleblobas.
_ maTi acilebis safuZveli igivea, rac mosamarTlis
acilebis safuZveli (31-e muxli), magram SeiZleba mi-
TiTebul iqnes sxva safuZvelic. magaliTad, Tu mxare
acxadebs, rom eqsperti arakompetenturia da amas sa-
Tanadod da damajereblad adasturebs, SeiZleba igi
acilebul iqnes am safuZvliTac.
68
_ eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis

mdivnis acilebis wesi ZiriTadad ar gansxvavdeba mo-
samarTleTa acilebis wesisagan. acilebis sakiTxs
wyvets sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) asacilebeli pirisa
da mxareTa mosmenis Semdeg an uamisod.
muxli 36. acilebis Sesaxeb

sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba
acilebis Taobaze sasamarTlo ganCineba

SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlo gadawy-
vetilebasTan erTad, 377-e da 404-e mux-
lebiT dadgenili wesiT.
acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia ori gansx-

vavebuli Sinaarsis ganCinebis gamotana: acilebaze ua-
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb da acilebis dakmayofilebis Sesa-
xeb.
arcerTi es ganCineba ar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes ker-
Zo saCivriT, e. i. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan da-
moukideblad (ix. 377-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 404-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
69
T a v i V
procesis xarjebi
muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra
1. procesis xarjebs Seadgens sasamarTlo

xarjebi da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebs Seadgens saxelm-
wifo baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-
rebuli xarjebi. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakav-
Sirebuli xarjebis gaangariSebis wesi da
maTi odenoba ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos
prezidentis brZanebulebiT.
3. sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs warmoad-
gens advokatisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, da-
karguli xelfasi (ganacduri), mtkicebule-
baTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebi,
agreTve mxareTa sxva aucilebeli xarjebi.
1. procesis xarjebis cnebis Sinaarsi moicavs sasa-

marTlo xarjebs da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebi, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba saxel-
mwifo baJisagan da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebu-
li xarjebisagan.
_ saxelmwifo baJi _ esaa saqarTvelos biujetSi
savaldebulo Senatani, romelsac ixdian fizikuri da
iuridiuli pirebi saxelmwifos mier maTi interesebis
Sesabamisi iuridiuli moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis
da saTanado sabuTebis gacemisaTvis (`saxelmwifo ba-
Jis Sesaxeb~ kanonis pirveli muxli). am ganmartebis Se-
sabamisad saxelmwifo baJi sasamarTloSi _ esaa mxare-
ebis, mesame pirebis damoukidebeli moTxovniT, ganm-
cxadeblebis Senatanebi, rasac isini ixdian sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis, kanoniT gansazRvruli
odenobiTa da wesiT (39-e muxli).
_ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi _
es aris xarjebi, romlebic gadaxdil unda iqnes calke-
70
uli saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, agreTve

im pirebisaTvis, romlebic exmarebian sasamarTlos mar-
Tlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi (44-e muxli). gansxva-
veba saxelmwifo baJsa da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-
rebul xarjebs Soris mdgomareobs imaSi, rom, saxelm-
wifo baJi _ es aris savaldebulo gadasaxadi sasamar-
TloSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis an calkeuli saproceso
moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, rac winaswar gansazRv-
rulia kanoniT (38-39-e muxlebi). saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebuli xarjebi _ esaa xarjebi, romlebic unda
aunazRauron im pirebs, romlebic daxmarebas uweven sa-
samarTlos marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi _ mow-
meebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs da a. S. (44-e muxli).
3. rogorc wesi, sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebis ode-
noba ganisazRvreba faqtobrivad gaweuli danaxarje-
biT, amitom dainteresebulma mxarem sasamarTlos un-
da warudginos faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis odeno-
bis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ver SeZlebs daakisros Sesa-
bamis mxares am xarjebis anazRaurebis movaleoba.
muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebs

saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos ka-
noniT dadgenili wesiT:
a) sarCelze, agreTve gancxadebaze ga-
martivebuli wesiT gadaxdis brZanebis mi-
Rebis Sesaxeb da gancxadebaze lizingis
sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis
sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze;
b) Segebebul sarCelze;
g) mesame piris sarCelebze, romelic damo-
ukidebel moTxovnebs acxadebs davis saganze;
d) gancxadebaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa
aRZvris Sesaxeb:
e) sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi da
71
administraciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTo-
bebidan warmoSobili davebis Sesaxeb;
v) saapelacio saCivarze;
z) sakasacio saCivarze;
T) kerZo saCivarze.
i) gancxadebaze sarCelis uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb;
k) gancxadebaze axlad aRmoCenil garemoe-
baTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis an
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
38-e muxli Seicavs im moqmedebaTa amomwurav Camo-

naTvals, romlebisTvisac gadaixdevineba saxelmwifo
baJi. `saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis
me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo baJi gadaixdeba
erovnuli valutiT bankebSi dadgenili formis qviT-
ris gacemiT; baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebu-
li xarjebi gadaxdil unda iqnes winaswar _ ama Tu im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebamde (sarCelis an gan-
cxadebis Setanamde, saCivris Setanamde da a. S.), Tu
mxare kanoniT (46-e muxli) an sasamarTlos mier (47-e
muxli) ganTavisuflebuli ar aris sasamarTlo xarje-
bis gadaxdisagan (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba

1. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens:
a) am kodeqsis 38-e muxlis à~, `b~, `g~
da è~,„ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi - davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3
procents, magram aranakleb 100 larisa;
b) saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris,
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sa-
gnis Rirebulebis 4 procents, magram
aranakleb 150 larisaK;_
72
g) sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris,

saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sagnis
Rirebulebis 5 procents, magram aranak-
leb 300 larisa;
d) kerZo saCivarze - 50 lars;
e) sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancx-
adebaze, agreTve saCivarze - Tu ganmcxade-
beli fizikuri piria - 50 lars, xolo Tu
gamcxadebeli iuridiuli piria - 150 lars;
v) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancx-
adebaze - Tu ganmcxadebeli fizikuri piria
- 100 lars, xolo Tu ganmcxadebeli iu-
ridiuli piria - 300 lars;
z) gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesax-
eb gancxadebaze - 50 lars;
T) araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, saa-
pelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesa-
bamisad 150 da 300 lars;
i) dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenas-
Tan dakavSirebiT warmoSobil davaze, roca
saqmis masalebi mxaris braliT daikarga -
100 lars;
k) Tamasuqis an Cekis Taobaze sarCelze -
100 lars, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivre-
bze - Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars;
l) udavo warmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars,
saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Se-
sabamisad 100 da 300 lars.
2. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeze
saxelmwifo baJis odenoba yvela instanciis
sasamarTloSi Seadgens am muxlis pirveli
nawiliT dadgenili odenobis naxevars.
3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ar unda
aRematebodes 50 000 lars.
73
I. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisas

kanonmdebeli xelmZRvanelobs ori erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli kriteriumiT. erT-erTi aseTi
kriteriumia procentuli Tanafardoba sarCelis
(davis sagnis) fasTan mimarTebaSi.
1. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenoba
Seadgens davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3 - procents,
magram Tu es sami procenti 100 larze naklebia, maSin
mosarCele valdebulia gadaixados 100 lari.
saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi
gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi kategoriis saqmeebze:
1) nebismier sarCelze, romelic
aRZrulia qonebriv samarTlebrivi
davis Taobaze;
2) gancxadebaze gamartivebuli wesiT
gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb;
3) gancxadebaze lizingis sagnis
dabrunebis Taobaze;
4) Segebebul sarCelze;
5) mesame piris sarCelze, romelic
damoukidebel moTxovnas acxadebs
davis saganze;
6) sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi
da administraciul-samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan warmoSobili
davebis Sesaxeb.
2. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnis
Rirebulebis 4-procents, magram Tu es oTxi procenti
150 larze naklebia maSin 150 lars:
nebismieri saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris
saapelacio saCivrisaTvis raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eTqva mxares
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze (ix. 430-e muxlis me-2
nawilis komentari).
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan is
garemoeba, rom saapelacio saCivarze davis sagnis
Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu
74
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze

Seaqvs saCivari mxares (ix. 365-e muxlis komentari).
3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnis
Rirebulebis 5-procents, magram aranakleb 300 lars:
nebismieri sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris
sakasacio saCivrisaTvis saapelacio sasamarTlos
ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb (ix. 430-e muxlis komentari).
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan is,
rom sakasacio saCivarze davis sagnis Rirebuleba
ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari
mxares (ix. 391-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
I I. meore kriteriumi, romliTac xelmZRvanelobs
kanonmdebeli saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisas
- esaa myarad gansazRvruli Tanxis odenoba, romelic
unda gadaixados mxarem ama Tu im kategoriis saqmeze.
aRsaniSnavia, rom baJis odenoba sxvadasxva
kategoriis saqmeze sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad,
nebismier kerZo saCivarze es Tanxa Seadgens 50 lars,
araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, xolo, Tu araqonebriv
davaze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setanili
iqneba saapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJis
odenoba Seadgens Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars, udavo
warmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars, magram Tu udavo warmoebis
saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setanili iqneba
saapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJis odenoba
Seadgens Sesabamisad 100 da 300 lars da a.S. (ix. am
muxlis „d-l” qvepunqtebi).
I I I. 39-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifo
baJis odenobas magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad
saqmeebze. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebi
CamoTvlilia me-14 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). imis
mixedviT, Tu saqmeTa romel kategorias ganekuTvneba
es saqme saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens im Tanxis
naxevars, rasac gadaixdida mxare es saqme rom raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi yofiliyo. igive wesiT
75
ganisazRvreba baJis odenoba Tu mxares Seaqvs saapelacio

(sakasacio) saCivari magistrati mosamarTlis mier
gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze. amasTan, magistrati
mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeTa ganxilvisas saxelmwifo
baJis odenoba naxevrdeba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu saqmes
ixilavs aramagistrati (raionuli sasamarTlos sxva)
mosamarTle.
magaliTad, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi
aRZrul sarCelzed baJis odenoba Seadgens sarCelis
sagnis Rirebulebis 3-procents, magistrati
mosamarTlis gansjad sarCelze baJis odenoba Seadgens
am sarCelis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 1,5 procents.
aseve, Tu raionuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze
Setanili saapelacio saCivarze baJis odenoba udris
davis sagnis 4-procents, magistrati mosamarTlis
gansjad saqmeze Setanil saapelacio saCivarze baJis
odenoba udris davis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 2
procents da a.S.
I V. 39-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifo
baJis maqsimalur odenobas - 50 000 lars. es imas niSnavs,
rom SeiZleba davis sagnis RirebulebasTan procentuli
gaangariSebis mixedviT baJis odenoba 100,000 da metic
iyos, magram 50 000 larze mets mxare ar gadaixdis.
muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba

1. davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCe-
le. Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi
aSkarad ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis re-
alur Rirebulebas, davis sagnis fass gan-
sazRvravs mosamarTle sadavo qonebis sa-
bazro Rirebulebis mixedviT.
2. Tu erT sarCelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva
moTxovnaa Camoyalibebuli, maSin es moT-
xovnebi unda Sejamdes da amis Semdeg ga-
nisazRvros sadavo sagnis Rirebuleba.
3. sadavo sagnis Sefasebisas mxedveloba-
76
Si miiReba im dros arsebuli fasebi, ro-

desac Setanil iqna sarCeli, xolo gadaw-
yvetilebis gasaCivrebisas - _ saCivris Set-
anis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi.
1. davis sagnis (sarCelis sagnis) Rirebulebis gan-

sazRvris movaleoba ekisreba mosarCeles. es imas niS-
navs, rom mosarCelem Tavis sarCelSi unda miuTiTos
davis sagnis fasze. es pirdapiraa gaTvaliswinebuli
agreTve 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `T~ qvepunqtiT
(ix. am muxlis komentari). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mosarCe-
le ar Seasrulebs am movaleobas, e. i. ar miuTiTebs da-
vis sagnis fasze, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovos
sarCeli umoZraod (185-e muxli).
_ mosamarTles, romelmac unda gadawyvitos sakiT-
xi sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb, ufleba aqvs Seamowmos,
Seesabameba Tu ara mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli sar-
Celis fasi mis namdvil Rirebulebas. Tu mosamarTle
miva im daskvnamde, rom mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli
fasi ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazro
Rirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem unda
gansazRvros. Tu davis sagnis (sadavo qonebis) namdvili
Rirebulebis gansazRvra mosamarTlisTvisac Znelia, mas
SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli).
2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs erT sar-
CelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva moTxovnis gaerTianebas
(182-e muxli). es sxvadasxva moTxovnebi cal-calke ki
ar unda Sefasdes, aramed unda ganisazRvros gaerTia-
nebuli moTxovnebis fasi, e. i. unda Sejamdes ara cal-
calke Sefasebuli moTxovnebis fasi, aramed Sejame-
buli moTxovnebis fasi, ris Sedegad miviRebT am moT-
xovnebis saerTo fass.
es wesi ar gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasa-
marTloSi Semosulia ramdenime erTgvarovani saqme da
sasamarTlom mizanSewonilad cno maTi gaerTianeba
erT warmoebad (182-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT SemTx-
77
vevaSi gaerTianebuli sarCelebis Sefaseba cal-calke

unda moxdes.
3. me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom
sadavo sagnis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas mxedvelo-
baSi miiReba fasebi, romlebic arsebobs sarCelis (ker-
Zo saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris) Setanisas.
muxli 41. davis sagnis fasis

gansazRvris wesi
davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba:

a) fuladi gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCe-
lisa _- gadasaxdeli TanxiT;
b) nivTis (qonebis) gadacemis an miwodeb-
is Sesaxeb sarCelisa - am nivTis (qonebis)
sabazro RirebulebiT;
g) alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sar-
Celisa _- erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasax-
deli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
d) vadiani gasacemisa da gadasaxdelis
Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ araumetes sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi gasacemi an gadasaxdeli Tan-
xebis erTobliobiT;
e) uvado an samudamo (gardacvalebam-
de) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sesaxeb sar-
Celisa - sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gasacemi
an gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
v) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Semcirebis
anda gadidebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - im Tanx-
iT, romliTac mcirdeba anda diddeba gasa-
cemi an gadasaxdeli, magram ara umetes
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi;
z) qonebis qiravnobis xelSekrulebis va-
damde moSlis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - _ darCenili
vadiT, magram ara umetes sami wlis ganmav-
lobaSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
T) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sewyvetis
78
Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ ara umetes sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi darCenili gasacemi an gada-
saxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT;
i) uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebis cno-
bis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - uZravi nivTis sa-
bazro RirebulebiT;
k) 4 000 lariT, Tu qonebriv-samarT-
lebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa an sx-
vagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva)
SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra.
2. Tu araqonebriv davasTan erTad ganix-
ileba misgan warmoSobili qonebriv-samarT-
lebrivi dava, davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvre-
ba ufro maRali Rirebulebis moTxovnis
mixedviT.
1. 41-e muxli Seicavs davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris

zogad wess, romlis Tanaxmad qonebriv davebSi davis
sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba gadasaxdeli TanxiT, roca
mosarCele garkveuli Tanxis gadaxdas moiTxovs
mopasuxisagan, an nivTis RirebulebiT, roca
mosarCele Tavisi sarCeliT nivTis gadacemas an
miwodebas moiTxovs.
2. am zogadi wesidan daSvebulia garkveuli
gamonaklisebi. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli
alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb TveSi 20 laris
odenobiT, magram es 20 lari unda gadamravldes 12
Tveze da miviRebT 240 lars (wlis ganmavlobaSi
gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobas). am 240 laridan
unda moxdes baJis odenobis gansazRvra, analogiuri
wesiT xdeba sarCelis fasis gansazRvra zogierT sxva
SemTxvevaSi (ix. am muxlis „e” qvepunqti).
3. yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebas, rom
sarCelis sagnis fasis gansazRvrisas unda Sefasdes
mxolod sadavo qoneba, e.i. davis sagani. magaliTad, Tu
sarCeli aRZrulia qonebidan wilis gamoyofis Sesaxeb
unda ganisazRvros am wilis fasi da amis mixedviT
79
ganisazRvros saxelmwifo baJis odenoba. aseve, Tu

saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari moiTxovs
mikuTvnebuli Tanxis gazrdas, sarCelis fasi iqneba im
Tanxis odenoba, ra odenobiTac is moiTxovs
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT mikuTvnebuli Tanxis
gazrdas. magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlom nawilobriv
daakmayofila sarCeli 10,000 laris odenobiT, xolo
nawilobriv uari uTxra mis dakmayofilebaze 20,000
laris odenobiT, rac mxarem gaasaCivra, maSin
saapelacio saCivris fasi iqneba 20 000 lari.
3. dava SeiZleba gamoiwvios 41-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis „k” qvepunqtiT ganmtkicebulma debulebam,
romlis Tanaxmad davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba 4 000
lariT, Tu qonebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa an
sxvagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva)
SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra.
saqme isaa, rom davis sagnis fasis miTiTeba -
mosarCelis movaleobaa. es movaleoba pirdapiraa
gaTvaliswinebuli 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „v”
qvepunqtiT, Tu mosarCele ar Seavsebs am xarvezs
mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi
miRebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi mosarCelisaTvis
dabrunebis Sesaxeb. (ix. 178-e da 185-e muxlebis
komentari). mosamarTles mxolod erTi ram SeuZlia:
Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli davis sagnis fasi ar
Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazro
Rirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem unda
gansazRvros, Tu saWiroa, specialistis monawileobiT
(ix. me-40 muxlis komentari). magram, Tu mosamarTlem
ver SeZlo davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra, man unda
ixelmZRvanelos davis sagnis im fasiT, romelzec
miuTiTebs mosarCele Tavis sarCelSi.
4. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi 2006
wlis 13 ivliss Setanili cvlilebebisa da damatebebis
Sedegad amoRebul iqna 43-e muxli, romelic
araqonebriv davebSi sarCelis (davis sagnis) fasis
gansazRvris wess adgenda. amis nacvlad SemoRebul
80
iqna araqonebriv davebSi saxelmwifo baJis (da ara

davis sagnis) mtkiced gansazRvruli odenoba (ix. 39-e
muxlis „T” qvepunqti). amitom, kolizia araqonebriv
davis sagnis Rirebulebasa da qonebrivi davis
Rirebulebas Soris aRar unda warmoiSvas
.
muxli 42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar
gansazRvra
Tu sarCelis aRZvris momentSi SeuZlebe-

lia davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gan-
sazRvra, saxelmwifo baJis odenobas winas-
war gansazRvravs mosamarTle, Semdeg ki
xdeba damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad
gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba saqmis gadawyve-
tisas dadgenili sarCelis fasis Sesabamisad.
_ sarCelis aRZvris dros yovelTvis ar aris SesaZ-

lebeli davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gansazRv-
ra, amitom kanonmdebeli uSvebs SesaZleblobas winas-
war, daaxloebiT mainc ganisazRvros baJis odenoba (da
ara sagnis Rirebuleba), xolo Semdeg ki SeiZleba mox-
des damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis
ukan dabruneba imis mixedviT, Tu rogor ganisazRvra
sarCelis fasi sabolood.
_ mosarCeles SeuZlia, mas Semdeg rac man aRZra sar-
Celi, gaadidos Tavisi sasarCelo moTxovna an Secva-
los sarCelis sagani (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili). sasarCe-
lo moTxovnis gadidebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisad un-
da moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba, xolo Tu sarCe-
lis sagnis Secvla iwvevs davis sagnis gadidebas, am Sem-
TxvevaSic unda moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba. mag-
ram Tu moxda sasarCelo moTxovnis Semcireba an Tu
sarCelis sagnis Secvlam gamoiwvia aseTi Semcireba, ma-
Sin Sesabamisad unda moxdes baJis Semcirebac, e. i. zed-
metad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba. damatebiTi gadax-
81
devineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba Se-

iZleba moxdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT.
muxli 43. amoRebulia
muxli 44. saqmis ganxilvasTan

dakavSirebuli xarjebi
saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xar-

jebia:
a) mowmeebis, specialistebisa da eqsper-
tebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi;
b) Tarjimnad mowveuli pirebisaTvis mi-
sacemi Tanxebi;
g) adgilobriv daTvalierebaze gaweuli
xarjebi;
d) mopasuxis moZebnis xarjebi;
e) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsru-
lebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi;
v) advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodan
gadaxdili Tanxebi.
z) specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi
sasamarTlo eqspertizis Catarebis xarjebi
1. 44-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSire-

buli xarjebis amomwurav CamonaTvals. saqmis ganxil-
vasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi saxelmwifo baJTan er-
Tad Seadgens maT erTobliobaSi sasamarTlo xarjebs.
yvela sxva xarjebi aris sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi
(37-e muxlis me-3 naw.)
2. xarjebi, romlebic unda mieceT mowmeebs,
eqspertebs, specialistebs da Tarjimnebs
gaTvaliswinebulia 45-e muxliT.
rac Seexeba adgilze daTvalierebas, sasamarTlom
unda gansazRvros am xarjebis odenoba da daakisros
misi gadaxda erT-erT an orive mxares, imisda mixedviT
82
erT-erTi mxaris Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT warmoebs

daTvaliereba (ix. 126-e muxlis komentari).
3. mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas iTvaliswinebs 3566-e
muxlis pirveli nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). garda
amisa, „saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos
kanonis 30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs movalis Zebnas saqmeebze
alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiT
an janmrTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis
sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia an roca igi
specialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas. aseT
SemTxvevebSi mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiis
organoebis meSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb.
4. gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebac dakavSirebulia
garkveul xarjebTan, es xarjebi gaTvaliswinebulia
„saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis
39-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad aRsrulebasTan
dakavSirebul xarjebs miekuTvneba: 1. im pirebisaTvis
asanazRaurebeli Tanxebi, romelTa mowvevac
aucilebeli iyo karebis an sacavis gaxsnisaTvis; 2.
nivTebis Sesanaxad gadasaxdeli Tanxebi; 3. xarjebi,
romlebic warmoiSva sajaro vaWrobis gamocxadebisas; 4.
xarjebi, romlebic warmoiSva movalis dakavebiT; 5.
auqcionis Catarebis xarjebi.
mopasuxis moZebnisa da gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis anazRaureba
warmoebs am kodeqsis 51-e muxliT, agreTve
„saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis
38-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 51-e muxlis komentari).
5. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs
miekuTvneba advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodan
gadaxdili Tanxebi, rasac iTvaliswinebs 47-e muxlis
me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari).
6. specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaTa kategorias
miekuTvnebian kerZo specialuri saeqsperto
dawesebulebebi da saxelmwifo specialuri
saeqsperto dawesebulebebi. am dawesebulebaTa
83
eqspertebis mier gaweuli SromisaTvis da

sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis
anazRaurebis wess gansazRvravs 45-e muxlis pirveli
da me-2 nawilebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis,

specialistebisa da TarjimnisaTvis
gadasaxdeli Tanxebi
1. mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs,
Tarjimnebs aunazRaurdebaT sasamarTlo-
Si gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli mgzavrobi-
sa da sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis
xarjebi da miecemaT dRiuri Tanxa. amasTan,
kerZo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebule-
bebi (damoukidebeli eqspertebi), special-
istebi, Tarjimnebi iReben gasamrjelos
dadebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze sasa-
marTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSao-
saTvis. anazRaurebis odenobis gansazRvri-
sas mxedvelobaSi miiReba dro, romelic
maT unda moaxmaron sasamarTlos davalebis
Sesrulebas, masalebi, romlebic saWiro
iqneba am movaleobis saTanadod Sesruleb-
isaTvis da sxva.
2. saxelmwifo specialuri saeqsperto
dawesebulebisaTvis sasamarTlo-saeqperto
momsaxurebis (specialistis, Tarjimnis)
anazRaurebas axorcielebs eqspertizis
damniSvneli organo (Tanamdebobis piri),
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadgenili
normebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad, im
SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac aRniSnuli
momsaxurebis gaweva warmoebs saxelmwifo
an sxva saxsrebidan gamoyofili programu-
li dafinansebis farglebSi.
3. muSakebs, romlebic mowmeebad arian
84
dabarebulni sasamarTloSi, samuSao ad-

gilze unarCundebaT saSualo xelfasi. mow-
meebs, romlebic ar arian SromiT urTier-
TobaSi, samuSaodan an Cveulebrivi saqmia-
nobidan mocdenisaTvis eZlevaT gasamrje-
lo faqtobrivad daxarjuli droisa da
Sromis anazRaurebis minimaluri odenobis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
1. am muxlSi CamoTvlil yvela pirs, mowmeebs,

eqspertebs, specialistebs da Tarjimnebs, romlebic
mowodebuli arian daexmaron sasamarTlos
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi, ekuTvniT
anazRaureba mgzavrobisaTvis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis
daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis im odenobiT, rac
gansazRvrulia TiToeuli am miznisaTvis Sesabamisi
tarifebiT qveynis SigniT mivlinebisaTvis, xolo Tu
aseTi tarifebi ar arsebobs maSin faqtiurad gaweuli
xarjebisaTvis, rac unda dadasturdes Sesabamisi
dokumentebiT sasamarTlosaTvis wardgeniT.
2. garda am xarjebisa eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi da
specialistebi damatebiT iReben gasamrjelos
sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis.
am gasamrjelos miRebis odenoba, safuZveli da wesi
gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu romeli saeqsperto
dawesebulebis TanamSromelia eqsperti (Tarjimani,
specialisti).
3. Tu eqsperti (Tarjimani, specialisti) kerZo
specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebis
TanamSromelia, romelsac am muxlis me-2 nawili
„damoukidebel eqsperts” uwodebs, maSin isini
gasamrjelos iReben im odenobiT, rac gansazRvrulia
maTsa da sasamarTlos Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT.
45-e muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs zogad kriteriums,
romlis safuZvelze sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros im
gasamrjelos odenoba, romelic unda mieces eqsperts,
specialists, Tarjimans. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad
85
eqspertis gasamrjelos odenobis gansazRvrisas

sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos dro, romelic
man, agreTve Tarjimanma, specialistma unda moaxmaron
sasamarTlos davalebis Sesrulebas, masalebi,
romlebic saWiro iqneba am movaleobis Sesasruleblad
an romlebic unda gaanalizos eqspertma da a.S.
4. sxva wesiT iRebs gasamrjelos eqsperti, (Tarjimani,
specialisti), romelic saxelmwifo specialuri
saeqsperto dawesebulebis TanamSromelia. anazRaurebas
axorcielebs eqspertizis damniSvneli organo an am
organos Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piri, magaliTad,
sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), prokuratura (prokurori,
gamomZiebeli) da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi anazRaurebis
odenobis gansazRvra warmoebs saqarTvelos mTavrobis
mier dadgenili normebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad.10
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxelmwifo specialuri
saeqsperto dawesebuleba saeqsperto an sxvagvar
momsaxurebas axorcielebs saxelmwifo an sxva
saxsrebidan gamoyofili programuli dafinansebis
farglebSi, maSin eqspertizis damniSvneli organo
Tavisufldeba yovelgvari anazRaurebisagan, ris
Sesaxebac unda ecnobos am organos (Tanamdebobis pirs).
45-e muxlis me-2 nawilis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT
saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqsperti
(Tarjimani, specialisti) gasamrjelos iRebs ara
uSualod eqspertizis damniSnavi organosagan, aramed
saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebisagan, romelsac
Sesabamisi tarifebis mixedviT gadaericxeba Tanxa.
5. Tu mowmeebad gamosaZaxebeli pirebi umuSevrebi
arian, maT garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli
Tanxebisa, eZlevaT agreTve gasamrjelo faqtobrivad
daxarjuli droisa da Sromis anazRaurebis im
minimaluri odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac
dadgenilia oficialurad mTeli qveynis masStabiT.
10
ix. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2005 wlis 11 martis dadgenileba
„sasamarTlo-saeqsperto momsaxurebis tarifebis damtkicebis
Sesaxeb“
86
muxli 46. sasamarTlo xarjebis

gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba
1. saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sa-

samarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisuf-
ldebian:
a) mosarCeleebi - alimentis gadaxdevi-
nebis sarCelebze;
b) mosarCeleebi _- dasaxiCrebiT an janm-
rTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCe-
nalis sikvdiliT miyenebuli zianis anaz-
Raurebis sarCelebze;
g) mosarCeleebi -_ danaSauliT miyenebu-
li materialuri zaralis anazRaurebis sar-
Celebze;
d) mxareebi - ukanono msjavrdebis, sisx-
lis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod mi-
cemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebad dapatimrebis
ukanonod gamoyenebis an gamasworebel sa-
muSaoTa saxiT administraciuli saxdelis
ukanonod dadebis Sedegad moqalaqisaTvis
miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebasTan da-
kavSirebul sarCelebze;
e) mosarCeleebi - arasrulwlovanTa ufle-
bebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebul sarCelebze;
v) mxareebi, romlebic arian socialurad
daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian baza-
Si registrirebuli pirebi, rac dasturde-
ba socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa
erTian bazaSi registraciis mowmobiT;
z) mxareebi - winaswari (Sualeduri) gad-
wyvetilebis saapelacio da sakasacio wese-
biT gasaCivrebisas.
2. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iq-
nes saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan mxare-
Ta gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic.
87
1. im SemTxvevaTa CamonaTvali, romlebsac Seicavs

46-e muxli, ar aris amomwuravi, radgan am muxlis mier
meore nawilis Tanaxmad, kanonmdeblobiT SeiZleba
gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifo biujetis
sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic.
2. „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis
me-5 muxli afarTovebs im pirTa wres, romlebic
Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan.
amitom, mizanSewonilad vcaniT mTlianad
gadmogvetana Sesabamisi amonaridi „saxelmwifo
baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonidan:
1. saerTo sasamarTloebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebze
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian:
a) fizikuri pirebi - sarCelebze xelfasis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb da sxva moTxovnebze Sromis
anazRaurebis Taobaze, romlebic gamomdinareobs
Sromis samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan;
b) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze, romlebic
gamomdinareobs saavtoro, agreTve aRmoCenis,
gamogonebis, racionalizatoruli winadadebebisa da
samrewvelo nimuSebis uflebebidan;
g) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze alimentebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
d) fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi - maTze im
dokumentebis gacemisaTvis, romlebic dakavSirebulia
sisxlis samarTlisa da alimentis saqmeebTan;
e) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
romelic miyenebulia dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva
dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT;
v) fizikuri pirebi - sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan
dakavSirebul sakasacio saCivrebze danaSaulis
Sedegad miyenebuli materialuri zaralis amoRebis
sisworis Sesaxeb;
z) socialuri dazRvevis organoebi da socialuri
uzrunvelyofis organoebi regresul sarCelebze zianis
mimyeneblis mier dazaralebulze gacemuli daxmarebis
88
an pensiis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, xolo socialuri

uzrunvelyofis organoebi - agreTve sarCelebze
arasworad miRebuli daxmarebebisa da pensiebis Sesaxeb;
T) mosarCele - danaSauliT miyenebuli materialuri
zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sarCelze;
i) mxareebi - sakasacio saCivrebze ganqorwinebis
saqmeebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb;
k) Sinagan saqmeTa organoebi, rogorc mosarCeleebi -
sarCelebze im pirebis ZebnasTan dakavSirebuli
xarjebis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tavs arideben
alimentebisa da sxva msgavsi Tanxebis gadaxdas;
l) saxelmwifo safinanso-sakredito, sagadasaxado,
sabaJo da sxva makontrolebeli organoebi, rogorc
mosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi - sarCelebze
gadasaxadebis, mosakreblebis, saxelmwifo baJisa da
sxva aucilebeli gadasaxdelebis biujetSi gadaxdisa
da biujetidan Tanxebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, agreTve
gansakuTrebuli warmoebis saqmeebze;
m) invalidebi, invalidTa sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebi, maTi dawesebulebebi, saswavlo-sawarmoo
organizaciebi da gaerTianebebi - yvela sarCelze;
m1) socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian
bazaSi registrirebuli piri, rac dasturdeba socialurad
daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi, registraciis
mowmobiT;
n) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze istoriuli, mxatvruli
da sxva faseulobis ukanono mflobelobidan
gamoTxovis Sesaxeb;
o) mxareebi - sarCelebze materialuri zaralis
anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelic miyenebulia fizikuri
piris ukanonod gasamarTlebis, misi sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebis
saxiT ukanonod dapatimrebis an dapatimrebis saxiT
administraciuli saxdelis ukanonod dadebis Sedegad;
p) iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi da ltolvilebi
- saCivrebze maTi iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirad da
ltolvilad arcnobis Sesaxeb;
89
J) saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis

dacvis saministro, rogorc mosarCele an mopasuxe -
sarCelebze garemos gaWuWyianebisa da garemos dacvis
kanonmdeblobis sxva darRvevebis Sedegad
saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli zaralis asanazRaureblad
biujetSi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
r) veteranebi, romlebmac „omisa da SeiaraRebuli
Zalebis veteranebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis
moTxovnaTa dasacavad mimarTes sasamarTlos;
s) saqarTvelos ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis
saministro - saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebasTan
dakavSirebul sadavo sakiTxebze;
t) sajaro reestris erovnuli saagento, rogorc
mosarCele an mopasuxe - sarCelze miwis dacvis wesebis
Seusruleblobisa da miwis kanonmdeblobis sxva
darRvevebis Sedegad saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli
zianis asanazRaureblad biujetSi Tanxebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
u) dawesebulebebi (organizaciebi) romelTa xarjebi
finansdeba mxolod saxelmwifo biujetidan - yvela
saqmeze;
f) arqiteqturul-samSeneblo inspeqciebi, rogorc
mosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi, saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT maT kompetencias mikuTvnebul
sakiTxebze;
q) mSobeli an arasrulwlovanis kanonieri
warmomadgeneli, rogorc mosarCele - sarCelze
arasrulwlovnis uflebebis darRvevis an misTvis
miyenebuli qonebrivi Tu moraluri zianis
anazRaurebis Taobaze;
R) saqarTvelos erovnuli banki - yvela sarCelze.
y) likvidaciaSi myofi komerciuli bankebi da
arasabanko sadepozito dawesebulebebi-sakredito
kavSirebi - komerciuli bankebisa da arasabanko
sadepozito dawesebulebebis - sakredito
kavSirebisaTvis daufaravi sesxebis, sesxebis
90
procentebisa da sxva debitoruli davalianebebis

dabrunebaze aRZrul yvela sarCelze;
S) saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia
- „fasiani qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;
C) mosarCele - ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis
saxelmwifosTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb aRZrul
sarCelebze;
c) mosarCele - Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono da
dausabuTebeli qonebisa da reketuli qonebis
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze aRZrul
sarCelebze;
Z) saqarTvelos Tavisufali vaWrobisa da
konkurenciis saagento, rogorc mosarCele an
mopasuxe - sarCelze Tavisufali vaWrobisa da
konkurenciis kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa
darRvevebis Taobaze;
w) saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro, rogorc
mosarCele - normatiul aqtebTan dakavSirebul
sadavo sakiTxebze.
2. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi
saerTo sasamarTloebis mier Setanil konstituciur
wardginebaze saxelmwifo baJi ar gadaixdevineba”.
3. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „a” qvepunqtisa da
„saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-5
muxlis „g” punqtis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo xarjebis
gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi alimentis
gadaxdevinebis sarCelebze. es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu
mosarCele moiTxovs alimentis moculobis Semcirebas,
aseTi mosarCeleebi gadaixdian saxelmwifo baJs, magram
Tu isini moiTxoven alimentis gadaxdevinebas an misi
moculobis gazrdas - aseTi mosarCeleni
gaTavisuflebulni arian baJis gadaxdisagan. 46-e muxlis
„g” qvepunqtisa da „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb”
saqarTvelos kanonis pirveli nawilis „T” qvepunqtis
Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi danaSauliT miyenebuli
91
zaralis anazRaurebis sarCelebze, magram aq

mxedvelobaSia danaSauli, romelic dadasturebulia
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT, romliTac mopasuxe
aRiarebulia damnaSaved. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo
xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi,
magram ara mopasuxeebi, romlebic aRiarebuli arian
damnaSaveebad. analogiurad, 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
„d” qvepunqtis gamoyenebisas saWiroa, rom arsebobdes
Sesabamisi kompetenturi organos, kerZod sasamarTlos
dadgenileba (ganaCeni, ganCineba), romliTac piri
cnobilia ukanonod msjavrdebulad, sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemulad, administraciuli
sasjelis ukanonod dadebulad da a.S.
4. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan
gamomdinare mosarCeleebi am muxlSi CamoTvlil
SemTxvevebSi Tavisufldebian ara sasamarTlo xarjebis
gadaxdisagan saerTod, aramed sasamarTlo xarjebis
gadaxdisagan saxelmwifo biujetSi. es imas niSnavs,
rom isini ar arian gaTavisuflebuli iseTi
xarjebisagan, romlebic maT unda gadaixadon erT-erTi
mxaris sasargeblod.

gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba
sasamarTlos mier
1. sasamarTlos, moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgo-
mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlia mTlia-
nad an nawilobriv gaaTavisuflos igi sa-
xelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamar-
Tlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan.
2. Tu mxares ar SeuZlia advokatis xar-
jebis anazRaureba, sasamarTlos ufleba
aqvs am mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze
moiwvios advokati saxelmwifos xarjze, Tu
gansaxilveli saqmis mniSvnelobisa da sir-
Tulis gamo advokatis monawileoba am saq-
92
mis ganxilvaSi mizanSewonilia. aseT SemT-

xvevaSi advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas sax-
elmwifo biujetidan davis sagnis Rirebu-
lebis 4 procentamde odenobiT. araqone-
brivi davis dros gansaxilveli saqmis mniS-
vnelobisa da sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT
advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifo
biujetidan 2000 laramde odenobiT.
3. erTi mxaris gaTavisufleba sasamarT-
lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan meore mxaris
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis valdebu-
lebebze gavlenas ar axdens.
1. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan sasamarTlom

SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos mxolod fizikuri da ara iu-
ridiuli piri. iuridiuli piris mimarT dasaSvebia mxo-
lod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba an maTi
odenobis Semcireba (48-49-e muxlebi).
fizikuri piris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom
mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos ori garemoeba: pirveli _
moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgomareoba, ris gamoc mas ar
aqvs saSualeba gadaixados sasamarTlo xarjebi. am ga-
remoebis dadasturebis tvirTi ekisreba TviTon am fi-
zikur pirs, da meore, gaTavisufleba SeiZleba mxo-
lod iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romle-
bic saxelmwifo biujetSi unda Cairicxos. amitom, mxa-
re ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes iseTi sasamarTlo xar-
jebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic erT-erTi mxaris sasar-
geblod unda gadaixados.
2. saxelmwifos xarjze advokatis mowvevisaTvis sa-
Wiroa Semdegi pirobebis erTdroulad arseboba:
a) saqmis masalebidan unda Candes, rom mas ar SeuZ-
lia misi qonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo advokatis xar-
jebis anazRaureba.
b) gansaxilveli saqme imdenad mniSvnelovani da rTu-
lia, rom Zneli iqneba daicvas mxarem Tavisi uflebebi.
93
3. Tu sasamarTlom sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdi-

sagan gaaTavisufla erT-erTi mxare, es cxadia ar aTa-
visuflebs meore mxares aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan.
meore mxare valdebulia gaiRos yvela is xarji, rasac
is gaiRebda, rom erT-erTi mxare ar yofiliyo gaTavi-
suflebuli xarjebis gadaxdisagan (ix. 53-e muxlis ko-
mentari).

gadaxdis gadadeba da maTi odenobis
Semcireba
sasamarTlos, mxareTa qonebrivi mdgoma-
reobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeuZlia erT an
orive mxares gadaudos saxelmwifo biuje-
tis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis ga-
daxda, anda Seamciros am xarjebis odenoba.
_ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gaTavisuflebasTan

erTad (47-e muxli) samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iT-
valiswinebs: a) sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadade-
bas; da b) sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcirebas.
ra Tqma unda, sasamarTlos SeuZlia erTdroulad Seam-
ciros sasamarTlo xarjebis odenoba da gadaudos mx-
ares am Semcirebuli xarjebis gadaxda. TiToeuli am
sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs
erTi kriteriumiT _ mxareTa qonebrivi mdgomareobiT.
_ sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcireba yovel-
Tvis ar aris damokidebuli sasamarTlos mixeduleba-
ze. arsebobs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli
safuZvlebi, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamar-
Tlo valdebulia Seamciros sasamarTlo xarjebis ode-
noba (49-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadebis, Tu ma-
Ti odenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba, romelic ar saCivrdeba.
94
muxli 49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis

Semcireba
1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mo-

sarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxe
cnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian,
saxelmwifo baJis odenoba naxevrdeba.
2. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomamde
mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxe
cnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian,
mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelm-
wifo baJis gadaxdisagan.
3. Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma an sarCelis
cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexeba,
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis valdebuleba gan-
isazRvreba darCenili nawilis Sesabamisad.
4. saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebSi
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan mTlianad
gaTavisufleba an saxelmwifo baJis ode-
nobis ganaxevreba xdeba am muxliT dadge-
nili wesiT, mxolod am instanciebisaTvis
gansazRvruli saxelmwifo baJis odenobis
farglebSi.
1. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uarisTqma, mopasuxis

mier sarCelis cnoba, mxareTa morigeba warmoadgens
dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas,
am principis praqtikul realizacias.
kanonmdebeli yovelnairad cdilobs waaxalisos
mxareTa aseTi moqmedeba, radgan igi xels uwyobs
procesis ekonomiis principis moTxovnaTa
ganxorcielebas, saqmis gadawyvetis daCqarebas,
procesis xarjebis Semcirebas da a.S.
swored aRniSnuli mosazrebiTaa ganpirobebuli am
muxlis pirveli nawiliT damkvidrebuli debuleba,
romlis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenoba
95
naxevrdeba, Tu mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze

mopasuxe cnobs sarCels, an mxareebi morigdebian.
magram romeli mxare ixdis im ganaxevrebul
saxelmwifo baJs?
es sakiTxi mowesrigebulia 54-e muxliT, romlis
Tanaxmad Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze baJis
naxevars gadaixdis TviT es mosarCele, xolo, Tu
mopasuxem cno sarCeli baJis am naxevars mopasuxe
gadaixdis.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi morigdebian baJis naxevris
gadaxda ganawildeba orive mxares Soris, magram Tu
mxareebma TviTon gaiTvaliswines baJis gadaxdis
ganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sakiTxs gadawyvets maTi
SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad (54-e muxlis me-2 naw.)
2. mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo
baJis gadaxdisagan, Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis
cnoba an mxareTa morigeba ganxorcielda sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomamde.
3. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCelze uaris Tqma an
sarCelis cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexos.
aseT SemTxvevaSi baJis odenoba ganisazRvreba davis
sagnis im nawilis fasis mixedviT, romelzec uars ar
ambobs mosarCele, an ar cnobs mopasuxe.
5. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,
agreTve mxareTa morigebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
(ix. 272-e muxlis komentari), romelzec SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana.
am ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos saxelmwifo baJis
ganaxevrebis, Tu misgan mTlianad gaTavisuflebis
Sesaxeb, imis mixedviT, Tu romel etapze Tqva
mosarCelem uari sarCelze an romel etapze
morigdnen mxareebi.
mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayoflebis Sesaxeb (ix. 208-e muxlis me-3 nawilis
komentari).
96
6) sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an mxareTa

morigeba dasaSvebia saapelacio da sakasacio
instanciis sasamarTloebSic. magram saxelmwifo baJis
ganaxevreba an misi gadaxdisagan mTlianad
gaTavisufleba SeiZleba Seexos mxolod saapelacio
saCivrisaTvis an sakasacio saCivrisaTvis Setanil
saxelmwifo baJs. es imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo baJis
odenoba, romelic Setanilia pirveli instanciiT
saqmis ganxilvisaTvis ucvleli rCeba.
muxli 50. adgilze daTvalierebiT

gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaureba
Tu adgilze daTvaliereba xdeba am sasa-
marTlos teritoriuli gansjadobis far-
glebs gareT, sasamarTlos an mosamarTles,
romelic aseT daTvalierebas awarmoebs, au-
nazRaurdeba mgzavrobasTan, binis daqira-
vebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, agreTve
miecema dRiuri Tanxa.
_ 50-e muxli iTvaliswinebs adgilze daTvaliere-

biT gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaurebis dasaSvebobas,
Tu aseTi daTvaliereba xdeba `sasamarTlos terito-
riuli gansjadobis farglebs gareT.~ aq igulisxmeba
iseTi viTareba, rodesac teritoriuli gansjadobis
gareTa farglebi, sadac unda moxdes adgilze daTva-
liereba, imdenad daSorebulia daTvalierebis Camta-
rebeli sasamarTlos gansjadobis teritoriidan, rom
saWiro xdeba damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba mgzavrobi-
saTvis, binis daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis.
_ adgilze daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xar-
jebis dafarvis wesi Camoyalibebulia 126-e muxlSi.
mgzavrobisaTvis, binis daqiravebisa da kvebisaT-
vis anazRaurebis odenoba unda ganisazRvros saqarT-
velos teritoriaze samivlinebo xarjebisaTvis dad-
97
genili tarifebis mixedviT, xolo Tu aseTi ar arse-

bobs _ faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis mixedviT.
muxli 51. mopasuxisa da movalis

moZebna
mopasuxis moZebna, roca es gaTvaliswine-
bulia kanoniT, warmoebs saxelmwifo biu-
jetis xarjze da gadaxdeba, Sesabamisad,
mopasuxes _- saxelmwifo biujetis sasar-
geblod sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis ga-
motanis Semdeg, xolo movales -_ gadawyve-
tilebis aRsrulebis dros. movales gadax-
deba agreTve sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi.
mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadeba gaTvaliswinebulia 3566

muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad reketiris, qurduli samyaros
wevris, maTi ojaxis wevrisa da maTTan dakavSirebul pir-
Ta mimarT SesaZlebelia gamocxaddes Zebna.
rac Seexeba movalis Zebnas _ es gaTvaliswinebulia
saqarTvelos kanoniT `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesa-
xeb~. am kanonis 30-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmeebze ali-
mentis gadaxdevinebis, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiT an janm-
rTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis
sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, an roca igi
specialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas,
mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiis organoebis
meSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb.
amrigad, movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb ganCineba gamoaqvs
mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) aRmasruleblis an kredi-
toris Suamdgomlobis (gancxadebis) safuZvelze.
_ Zebna warmoebs saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze, mag-
ram ZebnisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, mas Semdeg, rac war-
modgenili iqneba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesaba-
misi ganyofilebis angariSi (gancxadeba) movalis Zeb-
98
naze gaweuli xarjebis Sesaxeb, daekisreba movales ga-

dawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dros.
ZebnasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis movalisaTvis
dakisrebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. sa-
samarTlo xarjebis gamo gamotanil yovelgvar ganCi-
nebaze, maT Soris ganCinebaze movalisaTvis Zebnis xar-
jebis dakisrebis gamo SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana
(56-e muxli).
muxli 52. mxaris mier sasamarTlo

xarjebis winaswari Setana
sasamarTlo xarjebi (saxelmwifo baJi da
saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarje-
bi), kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis
garda, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelmac
Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-
ba moiTxova. Tu aseTi moqmedebis Sesruleba
sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, maSin es Tanxa
orive mxares Seaqvs Tanabarwilad.
_ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis sa-

xeebs gansazRvravs 44-e muxli, xolo saxelmwifo ba-
Jis odenobas _ 39-e muxli.
iseT sasamarTlo xarjebs, rogoricaa mowmee-
bisaTvis, specialistebisa da eqspertebisaTvis misa-
cemi Tanxebi, agreTve adgilze daTvalierebis xarjebs
winaswar ixdis mxare, romelmac Sesabamisi Suamdgom-
lobiT mimarTa sasamarTlos. Tu aseTi Suamdgomlo-
biT orive mxarem mimarTa an Tu aseTi saproceso moq-
medebis Sesruleba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, ma-
Sin xarjebs orive mxare ixdis Tanabarwilad.
gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens mopasuxis da mo-
valis moZebnis xarjebi, romelic mxares Seaqvs mas Sem-
deg, roca Zebna Catarda da ganisazRvra danaxarjebis
odenoba, rac daixarja am mizniT.
_ rogorc saxelmwifo baJis, ise sxva saxis sasamar-
99
Tlo xarjebis winaswar Setanisagan mxare Tavisufl-

deba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi kanonis Tanaxmad
an sasamarTlos mier gaTavisuflebulia aseTi xarje-
bis gadaxdisagan (46-47-e muxlebi), an Tu mxares sasa-
marTlom gadaudo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli).

ganawileba mxareTa Soris
1. im mxaris mier gaRebuli xarjebis ga-

daxda, romlis sasargeblodac iqna gamota-
nili gadawyvetileba, ekisreba meore mxa-
res, Tundac es mxare gaTavisuflebuli iyos
saxelmwifo biujetSi sasamarTlo xarje-
bis gadaxdisagan. Tu sarCeli dakmayofile-
bulia nawilobriv, maSin mosarCeles am mux-
lSi aRniSnuli Tanxa miekuTvneba sarCelis
im moTxovnis proporciulad, rac sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebiT iqna dakmayofilebu-
li, xolo - mopasuxes _ sarCelis moTxovna-
Ta im nawilis proporciulad, romelzedac
mosarCeles uari eTqva. im mxaris warmomad-
genlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweul xarjebs, rom-
lis sasargeblodac iqna gamotanili gadaw-
yvetileba, sasamarTlo daakisrebs meore mxa-
res gonivrul farglebSi, magram ara ume-
tes am kodeqsis 47-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli odenobisa.
2. am muxlSi aRniSnuli wesebi Seexeba
agreTve sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebas,
romlebic gaswies mxareebma saqmis saapela-
cio da sakasacio instanciebSi warmoebisas.
3. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarT-
lo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans
axal gadawyvetilebas, igi Sesabamisad Sec-
vlis sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebasac.
4. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarT-
100
lo daabrunebs saqmes xelaxla gansaxilve-

lad, mTeli sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac ga-
weulia am saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSire-
biT, sarCelis aRZvridan dawyebuli, unda
Sejamdes da Semdeg ganawildes mxareTa
Soris am muxlis mixedviT.
1. 53-e muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel azustebs

wess, romlis Tanaxmad esa Tu is mxare SeiZleba gaTavi-
sufldes mxolod im sasamarTlo xarjebidan, romlebic
saxelmwifo biujetSi unda iqnes Setanili. magram mxare
ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes xarjebisagan, romlebic mo-
winaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod unda iqnes gadaxdili.
amrigad, Tu mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJi da sa-
samarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba misi sarCelis dak-
mayofilebis Sesaxeb, maSin am xarjebis gadaxda im ode-
nobiT, rac mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJis saxiT
(agreTve sxva xarjebi), daekisreba mopasuxes mosarCe-
lis sasargeblod, miuxedavad imisa, gaTavisuflebulia
Tu ara igi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarT-
lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. TavisTavad cxadia, rom mxa-
reTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba, erTi mxa-
ris mier gaweuli xarjebis meore mxareze gadakisreba
unda moxdes sarCelis im moTxovnis proporciulad, ro-
melic daakmayofila an romelzec uari uTxra sasamarT-
lom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT.
53-e muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo abzaci gansazR-
vravs warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xar-
jebis anazRaurebas, roca gadawyvetileba gamotani-
lia im mxaris sasargeblod, romelmac aseTi xarjebi
gawia. am SemTxvevaSac moqmedebs wesi, romlis Tanax-
mad, Tu sarCeli mTlianad ki ara, nawilobriv iqna dak-
mayofilebuli, maSin warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis
gaweuli xarjebi daekisreba meore mxares im moTxov-
nis proporciulad, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-
biT iqna dakmayofilebuli.
kanoni gansazRvravs mxaris mier warmomadgenlis
101
daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis im odenobis maqsi-

mums, romelic SeiZleba gadaekisros meore mxares: da-
vis sagnis Rirebulebis 4% (47 muxlis me-2 nawili). am
maqsimumis farglebSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia
Tavisi SexedulebiT, gonivrul farglebSi gansazRv-
ros daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis odenoba, ro-
melic meore mxares unda daekisros.
warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis
odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi qmnis am odenobis xe-
lovnurad gazrdis dabrkolebas, rac saboloo anga-
riSSi icavs im mxaris interesebs, romelsac am xarje-
bis anazRaureba unda gadaekisros.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis igive wesebi ga-
moiyeneba saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloSi im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio sasamar-
Tlo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans axal ga-
dawyvetilebas. maSin mas evaleba TviTonve Secvalos
sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebac. mxedvelobaSia ara
marto saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivrisaTvis gadaxdi-
li baJi, aramed xarjebi, romlebic gaiRes mxareebma
qvemdgom instanciebSi saqmeTa ganxilvisas.
4. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio
sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abru-
nebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad, maSin sasamarTlo, ro-
melsac saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda, xe-
laxla gaanawilebs sasamarTlo xarjebs, imis Sesabami-
sad, Tu rogor gadawyvetilebas gamoitans saqmis xe-
laxla ganxilvis Sedegad. xelaxla gadanawileba moi-
cavs sasamarTlo xarjebs mTlianad, rac gaweulia sar-
Celis aRZvridan saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad mi-
Rebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde.
102
muxli 54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa da

advokatis daxmarebis gamo
gadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawileba
sarCelze uaris Tqmisa da
morigebisas
1. Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze,
mis mier gaweul xarjebs mopasuxe ar aanaz-
Raurebs, magram Tu mosarCelem mxari ar
dauWira Tavis moTxovnas imis gamo, rom
mopasuxem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igi
sarCelis aRZvris Semdeg, maSin mosarCelis
TxovniT sasamarTlo mopasuxes daakisrebs
mosarCelis mier gaweuli xarjebisa da ad-
vokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli yvela
xarjis anazRaurebas.
2. Tu mxareebma morigebis dros TviTon
gaiTvaliswines sasamarTlo xarjebisa da
advokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli xar-
jebis ganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sa-
kiTxs wyvets maTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad.
1. sarCelze uaris Tqma SeiZleba sxvadasxva moti-

viT iyos ganpirobebuli. yvela SemTxvevaSi aseTi ua-
ris Sedegad mopasuxes ar ekisreba im xarjebis anazRa-
ureba, romelic mosarCelem gaswia. erTaderTi SemTx-
veva, rodesac mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros mosarCe-
lis mier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba, esaa mosarCe-
lis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma im motiviT, rom mopasu-
xem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igi sarCelis aRZvris
Semdeg. magram aq aucilebelia erTi piroba _ mosarCe-
lis Txovna, rom es xarjebi da advokatis daxmarebis
gamo gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba daekisros mopa-
suxes. Tu aseTi Txovna ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo Ta-
visi iniciativiT amas ver gaakeTebs.
2. mxareTa morigebis SemTxvevaSi, maT SeuZliaT er-
TmaneTSi SeTanxmdnen sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawile-
103
bis wesze, rac savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis. Tu mxa-

reebi ar SeTanxmebulan, maSin sasamarTlom TviTon Ta-
visi iniciativiT unda gaanawilos mxareTa Soris sasa-
marTlo xarjebi. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes mi-
Rebuli 49-e muxlis danawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ 54-e muxlSi laparakia advokatis daxmarebis gamo
gaweul xarjebze, magram aucileblad unda vigulisx-
moT ara marto advokati, aramed sxva warmomadgenle-
bic, romlebic mindobilobis safuZvelze fasian dax-
marebas uweven mxares.
3. sarCelze uaris Tqmisa Tu mxareTa morigebis ga-
mo, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (272-e da 273-e mux-
lebi), romelSic unda Caiweros, Tu romel mxares ra
xarjebi da ra odenobiT unda daekisros.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxarem mimarTos sasamar-
Tlos xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb mas Semdeg, roca
sasamarTlom ukve gamoitana ganCineba, romelSic ara-
feria naTqvami xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. maSin
sxva gza ar aris, sasamarTlom 261-e muxlis analogiiT
unda gamoitanos damatebiTi ganCineba da gansazRv-
ros Tu romelma mxarem ra xarjebi unda gaswios.
muxli 55. saxelmwifosaTvis

sasamarTlo xarjebis anazRaureba
1. sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi da saxelm-
wifo baJi, romelTa gadaxdisagan gaTavi-
suflebuli iyo mosarCele, gadaxdeba mo-
pasuxes biujetis Semosavlis sasargeblod,
moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, ro-
melic dakmayofilebulia.
2. sarCelze uaris Tqmisas sasamarTlos
mier gaweuli xarjebi gadaxdeba mosarCe-
les saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod. Tu
sarCeli dakmayofilebulia nawilobriv, xo-
lo mopasuxe gaTavisuflebulia sasamarT-
104
lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, sasamarTlos mier

saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli
xarjebi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeb-
lod gadaxdeba mosarCeles, romelic ar
aris gaTavisuflebuli sasamarTlo xarje-
bis gadaxdisagan, sasarCelo moTxovnaTa im
nawilis proporciulad, romlis dakmayo-
filebazec mas uari eTqva.
3. Tu orive mxare gaTavisuflebulia sa-
samarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, maSin sasa-
marTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSi-
rebiT gaweul xarjebs gaiRebs saxelmwifo.
1. 55-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi kanonmdebeli gulisx-

mobs ori saxis xarjebs: pirveli _ esaa sasamarTlos mier
uSualod gaweuli xarji, rac dakavSirebulia saqmis gan-
xilvasTan da rac gaiRo sasamarTlom imis gamo, rom mxa-
re, romelsac igi unda gaeRo, gaTavisuflebuli iyo ase-
Ti xarjebisagan da meore _ saxelmwifo baJi, romlis ga-
daxdisagan gaTavisuflebuli iyo mosarCele. am xarjebis
gadaxda daekisreba mopasuxes mxolod moTxovnaTa im na-
wilis proporciulad, romelic dakmayofilebulia.
2. 55-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar SeiZleba miviCnioT ro-
gorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, rac imas niSnavs, rom
sasamarTlos mier gaweuli xarjebi mosarCeles gadax-
deba saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi araa gaTavisuflebuli xarjebis
gadaxdisagan.
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan orive mxaris gaTa-
visuflebis SemTxvevaSi am xarjebs saxelmwifo gaiRebs.
105
T a v i VI
saproceso uzrunvelyofa
muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia
1. Tu am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul Sem-

TxvevebSi mxares daekisra im zaralis anaz-
Raurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZ-
leba ganicados mowinaaRmdege mxarem Sesa-
bamisi saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT,
Tu mxareebi sxva rameze ar SeTanxmebulan,
man aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda ganaxorcie-
los fuladi Tanxis an fasiani qaRaldebis
saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos
saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sade-
pozito angariSze Setanis gziT, rac
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixed-
viT misaRebia garantiis uzrunvelsayofad.
2. sasamarTlom SeiZleba SeRavaTiani pi-
robebiT dauSvas uzrunvelyofis sxva sa-
Sualeba, kerZod, romelime sakredito da-
wesebulebis mier gacemuli Tavdeboba.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi agebulia mxareTa

Tanasworobis principze. am principis erT-erTi gamov-
linebaa orive urTierTdapirispirebuli mxaris inte-
resebis Tanabrad gaTvaliswineba ama Tu im saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros. magaliTad, mosarCelis
interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia mi-
iRos ganCineba sarCelis da maT Soris, jer kidev araR-
Zruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 191-e
da 192-e muxlebi), agreTve gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-
bis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 271-e muxli). ssk-
is 199-e muxli iTvaliswinebs im zaralis anazRaure-
bas, rac mxarem ganicada uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gatarebiT.
106
_ amave dros, 57-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvalis-

winebs mowinaaRmdege mxaris interesebs da mxares, ro-
melmac aseTi uzrunvelyofa moiTxova, Tavis mxriv,
SeiZleba daekisros im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrun-
velyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdege
mxarem. uzrunvelyofis saproceso saSualebad miCne-
ulia fuladi an fasiani qaRaldebis dadeba, rac unda
ganxorcieldes saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sa-
bWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sade-
pozito angariSze S etaniT.
2. 57-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, piri, romlis
TxovniTac Sesrulda esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba,
magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis gadadeba da a. S., SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos
sasamarTlom fuladi Tanxebis Tu fasiani qaRaldebis
dadebis movaleobisagan, Tu mis mier warmodgenili iq-
neba uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba. ssk-is 57-e mux-
lis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia aseT `sxva saSuale-
baze~, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mi-
er gacemul Tavdebobaze, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia
uzrunvelyofis garantiad gamoiyenos samoqalaqo ko-
deqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saSualebebic. aq erTi
ramaa misaRebi mxedvelobaSi _ uzrunvelyofis ra sa-
Sualebac ar unda gamoiyenos sasamarTlom, man es un-
da gaaformos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT. maga-
liTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 892-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
Tavdebobis namdvilobisaTvis saWiroa Tavdebis weri-
lobiTi gancxadeba da Tavdebis pasuxismgeblobis ra-
odenobrivad gansazRvruli maqsimaluri Tanxis miTi-
Teba.
_ SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT
(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSe) ganaxorcielos uzrun-
velyofis garantia?
57-e muxlis pirveli nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs,
rom mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos wi-
naSe iseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Taoba-
ze, romliTac mowinaaRmdege mxares SeiZleba miadges
107
ziani, _ ar SeuZlia Semoifarglos mxolod aseTi moT-

xovniT. man imavdroulad unda SesTavazos sasamar-
Tlos garantia, romelic Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs
im zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mowinaaRmdege mxarem Se-
iZleba ganicados am saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-
biT, vTqvaT _ sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT.
amrigad, aq sasamarTlos iniciativis sakiTxi ar
dgas. mxare, romelic moiTxovs magaliTad, sarCelis
uzrunvelyofas, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu ras sTa-
vazobs igi sasamarTlos da cxadia _ mowinaaRmdege
mxares im zaralis uzrunvelsayofad, romelic am mo-
winaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados.
ra Tqma unda, Tu mxare am movaleobas ar asru-
lebs _ sasamarTlom unda Seaxsenos mas Seasrulos es
movaleoba, magram Tu mxare amas ar akeTebs, sasamarT-
lom ar unda daakmayofilos misi Txovna saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebaze.
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze Suamdgomlo-
bis aRmZvreli mxaris aseTi movaleoba moixsneba mxo-
lod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi TviTon `SeTanxmdnen
sxva rameze~.
muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis

moxsna
Tu moixsneba safuZveli, romlis gamoc
ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, maSin is mxa-
re, romlis sasargeblodac moxda aseTi
uzrunvelyofa, valdebulia daabrunos uz-
runvelyofis garantia.
_ uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna gulisxmobs im

garemoebebis aRmofxvras, ris gamoc sasamarTlom mii-
Ro ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, sar-
Celis uzrunvelyofis safuZvelia am sarCelze moma-
valSi misaRebi gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis garTu-
leba an aseTi aRsrulebis SeuZlebloba (191-e mux-
108
li). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu miRebul iqna gadawyveti-

leba im piris winaaRmdeg, vinc moiTxova sarCelis uz-
runvelyofa, an kidev, Tu miRebul iqna misTvis xel-
sayreli gadawyvetileba, romelic ukve aRsrulda, ma-
Sin moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis auci-
lebloba (safuZveli). aseve, Tu mxarem moiTxova mis
winaaRmdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
gadadeba (SeCereba), ris gamoc meore mxarem moiTxova
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebiT gamowveuli
zaralis anazRaurebisaTvis uzrunvelyofis garantia
da es moTxovna daakmayofila sasamarTlom, maSin Tu
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba gauqmdeba, mo-
ixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis safuZveli.
igive iTqmis gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-
bis daSvebisas am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxve-
vaSi misi aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelsayofad mi-
Rebul garantiaze (268-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moixsneba safuZve-
li, ris gamoc ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, mxarem,
Tu mas hqonda gadacemuli uzrunvelyofis garantia
(magaliTad, raime nivTi), an sasamarTlom, Tu aseTi ga-
rantia imyofeboda saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sade-
pozito angariSze - unda daabrunos igi.
uzrunvelyofis garantiis dabruneba SeiZleba gan-
xorcieldes rogorc mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvel-
ze, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT, ris Sesaxebac sasamar-
Tlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
109
T a v i VII
saproceso vadebi
muxli 59. saproceso moqmedebis

Sesrulebis vada
1. saproceso moqmedeba sruldeba kano-

niT dadgenil vadaSi.
2. Tu saproceso vada kanoniT ar aris
dadgenili, mas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.
saproceso vadis xangrZlivobis gansazRv-
risas sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SesaZ-
lebloba, risTvisac es vada dainiSna.
3. samoqalaqo saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ga-
nixilaven gancxadebis miRebis dRidan ara
ugvianes 2 Tvisa, xolo gansakuTrebiT rTuli
kategoriis saqmeebze, ganmxilveli sasamar-
Tlos gadawyvetilebiT es vada SeiZleba
gagrZeldes ara umetes 5 Tvisa, garda ali-
mentis gadaxdevinebis, dasaxiCrebiT an jan-
mrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve mar-
Cenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anaz-
Raurebis, SromiTi urTierTobebidan da
„sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas
warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb“
saqarTvelos kanonidan gamomdinare moTx-
ovnis Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, romlebic ganxi-
lul unda iqnes araugvianes 1 Tvisa.
1. saproceso vadebi ori saxisaa: kanonismieri vade-

bi da sasamarTlo vadebi.
a) kanonismieri vadebi _ vadebi, romlebic kanoni-
Taa dadgenili. es imas niSnavs, rom saproceso moqme-
deba am kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi unda Sesruldes. ma-
galiTad, saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada aris erTi
110
Tve ( 369-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saapelacio saCi-

vari erT TveSi unda iqnes Setanili.
b) sasamarTlosmieri vadebi _ esaa vadebi, romle-
bic sasamarTlos mieraa gansazRvruli. sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gansazRvros ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis
SesrulebisaTvis vada mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ase-
Ti vada araa dadgenili kanoniT. magaliTad, Tu sarCe-
li xarveziania, sasamarTlo miscems vadas mosarCeles
am xarvezis Sesavsebad (185-e muxli). cxadia, rom am va-
das gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.
vadis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom TviTon unda ga-
iangariSos Tu ramdeni dro dasWirdeba saproceso moq-
medebis Sesrulebas da amis mixedviT daniSnos vada.
2. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebs.
samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vada am sasamarTloebSi
aris 2 Tve. mxolod gansakuTrebiT rTul saqmeebze es
vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes 5 Tvemde.
konkretuli saqmis ganxilvis orTviani vadis gagr-
Zelebis sakiTxs wyvets TviTon am saqmis ganmxilveli
sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), romelsac amis Sesaxeb ga-
moaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebu-
li unda iyos, Tu raSi gamoixateba gansaxilveli saq-
mis gansakuTrebuli sirTule da ra droiT gagrZel-
da misi ganxilva. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
_ aseTi ganCineba mosamarTles gamoaqvs saqmis mom-
zadebis stadiaze da ara mas Semdeg, roca gavida sar-
Celis warmoebaSi miRebidan ori an xuTi Tve, rogorc
amas zogjer praqtikaSi aqvs adgili e.i. roca ukve ga-
dis an gavida saqmis ganxilvis kanoniT dadgenili vade-
bi.
_ saqmis sirTule SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT,
rom masSi monawileoben an monawileoba unda miiRon
TanamosarCeleebma, Tanamopasuxeebma, mesame pirebma
damoukidebeli moTxovniT an mis gareSe, Semotanilia
Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
111
saqmeSi ar iyos monawile pirTa simravle, magram igi

rTulia faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT
(magaliTad, misaRebia dokumentebi ucxo qveynidan,
dasakiTxia mowme, romelic sxva qalaqSi an sxva qveya-
naSi cxovrobs, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT gasaana-
lizebelia kanonis Tu samarTlis analogiis gamoyene-
bis sakiTxi da a. S.).
59-e muxlis azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dauSvebe-
lia gansakuTrebiT rTuli saqmeebis kategorias miva-
kuTvnoT saqmeebi mxolod imitom, rom ar dagverRves
saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebi.
3. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili Seicavs im kategoriis
saqmeTa CamonaTvals, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnen
araugvianes 1 Tvisa. es aris kanonis kategoriuli moT-
xovna da am vadebis darRveva dauSvebelia.
muxli 60. saproceso vadis gamoTvla

1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada
ganisazRvreba zusti kalendaruli Tari-
RiT, im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic
aucileblad unda dadges, an drois monak-
veTiT. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi moqmedeba Se-
iZleba Sesruldes drois mTeli monakve-
Tis ganmavlobaSi.
2. wlebiT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaT-
vleli saproceso vadis dena iwyeba im ka-
lendaruli TariRis an im movlenis dad-
gomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansaz-
Rvrulia misi dasawyisi.
1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada SeiZleba

ganisazRvros:
a) zusti kalendaruli TariRiT. magaliTad, Tu sa-
samarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba gadaudos mxares sa-
samarTlo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli), maSin sasamar-
Tlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos zusti kalen-
112
daruli TariRi (mag., 2004 wlis 5 seqtembramde), ro-

demdec gadaedo am xarjebis gadaxda.
b) im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic unda dadges.
magaliTad, Tu saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia imis gamo,
rom jer unda gadawydes sxva saqme, romelic sxva sasa-
marTloSi ganixileba, maSin am saqmis warmoeba SeiZle-
ba ganaxldes mxolod mas Semdeg, roca kanonier Zala-
Si Seva sxva sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (279-e da
281-e muxlebi).
g) drois monakveTiT. magaliTad, gancxadebis Seta-
na axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxle-
bis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-
laSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg (426-e muxlis
me-4 nawili).
2. Zalian didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs imis
zustad gansazRvras, Tu saidan iwyeba saproceso va-
dis dena. magaliTad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada aris
12 dRe. magram saidan daiwyeba am 12 dRiani vadis ga-
moTvla?
am 12 dRiani vadis dasawyisia ganCinebis gadacemis
momenti, xolo Tu am ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswre-
boda kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, ma-
Sin vadis dasawyisia misi gamocxadebis momenti (416-e
muxli). am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, kerZo saCiv-
ris Setanis 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla unda daiwyos
Sesabamisad ganCinebis gadacemis meore (Semdgomi)
dRidan an am ganCinebis gamocxadebis meore dRidan. e.
i. Tu ganCineba gadaeca mxares 10 noembers, am ganCine-
bis gasaCivrebis vadis dena daiwyeba 11 noembridan da
damTavrdeba 22 noembers. am wesiT unda moxdes vade-
bis gamoTvla, roca vadebi ganisazRvreba wlebiT, Tve-
ebiT, an dReebiT.
113
muxli 61. saproceso vadis

damTavreba
1. wlebiT gamosaTvleli vada damTavrde-

ba vadis ukanaskneli wlis Sesabamis Tvesa
da ricxvSi. TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada
gasulad CaiTvleba vadis ukanaskneli Tvis
Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi. Tu TveebiT
gamosaTvleli vadis ukanasknel Tves saTa-
nado ricxvi ara aqvs, maSin vada damTavre-
bulad CaiTvleba am Tvis ukanasknel dRes.
2. Tu vadis ukanaskneli dRe emTxveva
uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavre-
bis dRed CaiTvleba misi momdevno pirveli
samuSao dRe.
3. saproceso moqmedeba, romlis Sesasru-
lebladac dadgenilia vada, SeiZleba Ses-
ruldes vadis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTx
saaTamde. Tu saCivari, sabuTebi an fuladi
Tanxa fostas an telegrafs Cahbarda va-
dis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTx saaTamde,
vada gasulad ar CaiTvleba.
1. 61-e muxli gansazRvravs wlebiTa da TveebiT ga-

mosaTvleli vadis damTavrebis erTian wess. am wesis
Tanaxmad, saproceso vada mTvardeba wlis an Tvis bo-
lo dRes. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis baTilad cno-
bisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis war-
moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSve-
belia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5
wlis Semdeg ( 426-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
2. saproceso vadis dena ganuwyvetliv mimdinare-
obs. es imas niSnavs, rom arasamuSao dReebisa Tu dRe-
saswaulebis gamokleba ar xdeba. garda amisa, Tu vada
iwyeba arasamuSao dRes, vadis denac am dRidan iwyeba,
magram Tu vada gadis arasamuSao dRes, maSin vadis dam-
Tvarebis dRed iTvleba am arasamuSao Tu sadResaswa-
ulo dRis Semdgomi momdevno samuSao dRe.
114
3. vadis ukanaskneli dRe gasulad iTvleba am bolo

dRis 24-saaTis Semdeg. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sapro-
ceso moqmedeba Sesrulda saproceso vadis ukanask-
neli dRis 24 saaTamde, saproceso moqmedeba vadaSi
Sesrulebulad iTvleba. magaliTad, saapelacio saCi-
vari Cabarda fostas vadis ukanaskneli dRis 24 saaT-
ze. saCivari iTvleba vadaSi Setanilad.
muxli 62. saproceso vadis SeCereba
yvela daumTavrebeli saproceso vada Se-

Cerdeba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebiT. vade-
bis SeCereba daiwyeba im garemoebaTa war-
moSobis dRidan, romlebic safuZvlad da-
edo warmoebis SeCerebas. warmoebis ganax-
lebis dRidan saproceso vadis dena ganax-
ldeba.
_ saqmis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia kanoniT gaT-

valiswinebul SemTxvevebSi. magaliTad, 279-e da 280-
e muxlebi iTvaliswineben saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis
safuZvlebs.
_ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba saqmis war-
moebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, am muxlebiT gaTvaliswine-
buli erT-erTi safuZvliT, maSin SeCerdeba daumTav-
rebeli saproceso vadis denac, magram am vadis dena
SeCerdeba ara im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana
ganCineba, aramed im dRidan, roca warmoiSva warmoe-
bis SeCerebis safuZveli.
_ rodis ganaxldeba saproceso vadis dena?
saproceso vadis dena kvlav ganaxldeba mxolod mas
Semdeg, roca aRmoifxvreba garemoeba, romelic safuZ-
vlad daedo warmoebis SeCerebas. magaliTad, sasamar-
Tlom SeaCera saqmis warmoeba imis gamo, rom mxare im-
yofeba xangrZliv samsaxurebriv mivlinebaSi. rogorc
ki es mxare dabrundeba mivlinebidan, saproceso va-
dis dena daiwyeba, oRond amisaTvis sasamarTlom un-
115
da miiRos ganCineba SeCerebuli saqmis warmoebis ga-

naxlebis Sesaxeb. swored am ganCinebis miRebidan ga-
naxldeba saproceso vadis denac.
_ amrigad, saproceso vadis dena SeCerdeba im dro-
idan, roca warmoiSva saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis sa-
fuZveli, da ara saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sa-
samarTlos ganCinebis miRebidan, xolo saproceso va-
dis dena ganaxldeba ara im droidan, roca warmoiSva
warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZveli, aramed im droidan,
roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ga-
naxlebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 63. saproceso vadis gasvlis

Sedegebi
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis ufle-

ba gaqarwyldeba kanoniT dadgenili an sa-
samarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gasvlis
Semdeg. saCivari an sabuTebi, romlebic Se-
tanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg,
ganuxilvelad darCeba.
_ ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis

vadebi dadgenilia aramarto mxareebisaTvis, aramed
sasamarTlosTvisac. vadebi SeiZleba gansazRvros sa-
samarTlom saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebisaTvis, maga-
liTad, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis war-
modgenisaTvis im piris mier, visTanac isini inaxeba.
imis mixedviT, Tu vin gauSva saproceso vada, am va-
dis gaSvebis Sedegebic sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad,
Tu sasamarTlom gauSva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis
vada, igi mainc valdebulia ganixilos es saqme, Tu pir-
ma sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar warmoadgina
werilobiTi Tu nivTieri masalebi, romlebic masTan
inaxeba, igi mainc valdebulia es gaakeTos da a. S.
_ magram, Tu mxarem kanoniT an sasamarTlos mier
daniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba,
116
maSin igi kargavs am moqmedebis Sesrulebis uflebas.

magaliTad, Tu mxarem kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi ar gaa-
saCivra sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, igi kargavs am
uflebas da gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.
_ saproceso vadebis gagrZeleba (ssk 64-e muxli) an
aRdgena (ssk 65-e muxli) dasaSvebia, oRond kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT.
_ 63-e muxli Seicavs erT metad mniSvnelovan debu-
lebas, romlis Tanaxmad saCivari an sabuTebi, romle-
bic Setanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg, ganu-
xilvelad darCeba. kanonis es danawesi mniSvnelova-
nia im TvalsazrisiTac, rom xels uwyobs mxareebSi Tu
saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebSi kanonisadmi da sasamar-
Tlosadmi pativiscemis ganwyobis Camoyalibebas, maT-
Si disciplinisa da organizebulobis aRzrdas.

gagrZeleba
sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vada sasa-
marTlom SeiZleba gaagrZelos mxareTa
TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT.
_ 64-e muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs im samoqalaqo sap-

roceso vadis gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba, romelic sa-
samarTlos mieraa daniSnuli. kanonismieri saproceso
vadebis aRdgenas awesrigebs ssk 65-e muxli.
_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba da-
saSvebia rogorc dainteresebuli mxaris TxovniT, ise
sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mxaris Suamdgomloba,
saproceso vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuli
unda iyos, kerZod, miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezi, ris
gamoc saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba ver xerxdeba
daniSnul vadaSi.
_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZelebis
dros ar unda gamoviyenoT kanonismieri vadis aRdge-
117
nisaTvis dadgenili wesi (ssk 66-e muxli), rogorc amas

zogjer aqvs adgili sasamarTlo praqtikaSi.11
_ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli saproceso vadis gag-
rZelebis an aseT gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sa-
samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar
arsebobs, vada ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos gagrZelebulad.
saproceso vadis gagrZelebisa Tu aseTis gagrZeleba-
ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze ker-
Zo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
muxli 65. saproceso vadis aRdgena

saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis ka-
noniT gansazRvruli vada, Tu kanoniT sxva
ram ar aris dadgenili, SeiZleba aRadgi-
nos sasamarTlom, Tu cnobs, rom saproce-
so moqmedebis Seusrulebloba sapatio mi-
zeziT moxda. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba
am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi mi-
TiTebuli garemoebebi.
_ saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis sasamar-

Tlos mier daniSnuli vadebis mimarT ssk iyenebs ter-
mins `vadis gagrZeleba~, xolo kanonismieri saproce-
so vadebis mimarT _ termins `vadis aRdgena~. marTa-
lia, vadis gagrZelebis Tu vadis aRdgenis SemTxveva-
Si erTsa da igive Sedegs vaRwevT, kerZod, saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada gadaiweva ufro Sors, mag-
ram aseT terminologiur gansxvavebas aqvs garkveuli
safuZveli: sasamarTlo ver Secvlis an ver gaagrZe-
lebs kanonismier vadebs, mas SeuZlia mxolod aRadgi-
nos es vada (66-e muxli).
_ kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgena sasamarT-
los iniciativiT dauSvebelia. kanonismieri saproce-
so vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeiZleba mi-
11
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #2, 2003, gv. 273-274..
118
marTon mxareebma (66-e da 67-e muxlebi). uari kanonis-

mieri saproceso vadis aRdgenaze SeiZleba gaasaCiv-
ron mxareebma (68-e muxli).
_ kanonismieri vadis aRdgena dauSvebelia, Tu ka-
noni TviTon krZalavs amas (magaliTad, ssk 369-e, 397-e
da 416-e muxlebi), magram, Tu es akrZaluli araa sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia aRadginos vada, Tu am vadis gaSveba
sapatio mizeziT moxda (ix. 215-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 66. gancxadeba saproceso

vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb
1. gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romel-
Sic unda Sesrulebuliyo saproceso mo-
qmedeba. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs am gancx-
adebas, Tu cnobs, rom saproceso vadis gaS-
veba sapatio mizeziT moxda. sapatio mizezad
CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3
nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.
mxare, romelic moiTxovs kanonismieri saproceso

vadis aRdgenas, valdebulia miuTiTos da daadastur-
os garemoebebi, romelTa mizeziT ver Seasrula sapro-
ceso moqmedeba. mizezi, ris gamoc mxarem droulad ver
Seasrula esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba, SeiZleba sx-
vadasxvagvari iyos: xangrZlivi samsaxurebrivi miv-
lineba, avadmyofoba, Setyobinebis dagvianebiT miRe-
ba da a.S. (ix. 67-e da 215-e muxlebis komentari)
kanonismieri vadis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-
lo niSnavs axal vadas saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-
lebisaTvis.
119
muxli 67. saproceso vadis aRdgenis

Sesaxeb gancxadebis forma da
Sinaarsi
gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Se-

saxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiT.
masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezebi, rom-
lebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebis
vadaze Seusrulebloba, agreTve maTi da-
madasturebeli mtkicebulebebi.
_ gansxvavebiT sasamarTlosmieri saproceso vade-

bis gagrZelebisa, kanonismieri saproceso vadebis aR-
dgenis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta sakmaod detalu-
rad wesrigdeba kanoniT. am wesis dacva savaldebuloa.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom mxaris werilobiT ganc-
xadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos aramarto im mizezeb-
ze, romlebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebis Se-
usrulebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul vadebSi, ara-
med mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben am mi-
zezebs. magaliTad, Tu mxare miuTiTebs iseT mizezze,
rogoricaa avadmyofoba an mivlineba, man unda warmo-
adginos amis dasadastureblad Sesabamisi cnobebi. sa-
patio mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) mTli-
anad ekisreba ganmcxadebels, e. i. pirs, vinc moiTxovs
vadis aRdgenas. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, CaiTvalos Tu ara
ganmcxadeblis mier dadasturebuli mizezi sapatiod,
damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze.
muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis

Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva
1. gancxadebas vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ga-

nixilavs sasamarTlo mxareTaTvis Seutyo-
bineblad.
2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdge-
120
naze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-

Cinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. 68-e muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs vadis aRdge-

nis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvis SesaZleblobas mxa-
reTaTvis Seutyobineblad, magram ar krZalavs, rom am
gancxadebis ganxilva moxdes mxareTa SetyobinebiT,
Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad miaCnia.
2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdgenisa Tu ase-
Tis aRdgenaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamo-
aqvs ganCineba. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxo-
lod sasamarTlos im ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eT-
qva ganmcxadebels saproceso vadis aRdgenaze.

aRgenasTan dakavSirebuli
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba
saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ganc-
xadebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xar-
jebs gaiRebs mxare, romelmac droulad
ver Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba. garda
iseTi SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aseTi Seus-
rulebloba mowinaaRmdege mxaris mizeziT
moxda.
_ 69-e muxli naTlad da kategoriulad miuTiTebs, rom

xarjebs, rac dakavSirebulia saproceso vadis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvasTan, gaiRebs ganmcxadebe-
li, e. i. mxare, romelmac kanoniT an sasamarTlos mier
daniSnul vadaSi ver Seasrula esa Tu is saproceso moq-
medeba. am xarjebis gadaxdis gadakisreba mowinaaRmde-
ge mxareze dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
saproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba am mowinaaRmde-
ge mxaris mizeziT moxda. am mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi
swored ganmcxadebels, e. i. im mxares ekisreba, romelic
saproceso vadis aRdgenas moiTxovs.
121
T a v i VIII
sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba
muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba
1. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasa-

marTlo uwyebiT ecnobebaT sasamarTlo
sxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmede-
bis Sesrulebis dro da adgili. uwyeba
mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis
Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu igi Cabardeba
erT-erT maTgans an am kodeqsis 74-e mux-
liT gaTvaliswinebul subieqtebs. warmo-
madgeneli valdebulia uwyebis Cabarebis
Sesaxeb acnobos mxares. sasamarTlo uwye-
biT sasamarTloSi ibareben agreTve mow-
meebs, eqspertebs, specialistebsa da Tar-
jimnebs.
2. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasa-
marTlo uwyeba unda CabardeT im varau-
diT, rom maT\ hqondeT sasamarTloSi dro-
ulad gamocxadebisa da saqmis momzadebi-
saTvis gonivruli vada.
3. mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, agreTve
mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da
Tarjimnebi SeiZleba daibaron telefono-
gramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli fostiT,
faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT. teqnikuri sa-
SualebebiT dabarebisas mieTiTeba am kod-
eqsis 72-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sak-
iTxebi. teqnikuri saSualebebiT dabarebis
Sesaxeb dgeba aqti. aqts adgens sasamarT-
los Sesabamisi moxele.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo

uwyeba aris is ZiriTadi saproceso dokumenti, romlis
122
meSveobiTac mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs

ecnobebaT aramarto sasamarTlo sxdomis, aramed,
agreTve, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis (magaliTad,
adgilze daTvalierebis, mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis da sxva) Sesrulebis dro da
adgili.uwyeba egzavneba rogorc mxares, ise mis
warmomadgenels.
70-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs agreTve Tu
rodis CaiTvleba uwyeba Cabarebulad
mxareebisaTvis da maTi warmomadgenlebisaTvis.
am muxlis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT mxarisaTvis
da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyeba Cabarebulad
CaiTvleba:
a) Tu uwyeba gaegzavna, rogorc mxares, aseve
warmomadgenels da es uwyeba Cabarda erT-erT maTgans,
e.i. an mxares uSualod, an mis warmomadgenels. es imas
niSnavs, rom Tu uwyeba Cabarda mxares, man amis Sesaxeb
unda acnobos mis warmomadgenels, xolo Tu uwyeba
Cabarda warmomadgenels, man amis Sesaxeb unda acnobos
Tavis warmomdgens (mxares).
aRsaniSnavia, rom warmomadgenlis mimarT 70-e muxli
akeTebs specialur daTqmas, romlis Tanaxmad
„warmomadgeneli valdebulia uwyebis Cabarebis
Sesaxeb acnobos mxares”, Tumca aseTi valdebuleba
nagulisxmevia mxaris mimarTac.
b) mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba agreTve, Tu igi Cabarda im
pirebs, romlebic CamoTvlilia 74-e muxlSi, kerZod,
mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis ojaxis srulwlovan
wevrs an samuSao adgilis administracias (ix. am muxlis
komentari).
sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabarebis aseTi wesis
SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebul
praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens sasarCelo
gancxadebaSi, agreTve mopasuxis mier sarCelze
gamogzavnil werilobiT pasuxSi (SesagebelSi) zusti
miTiTeba warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da misi misamarTis
123
Sesaxeb, Tu ra Tqma unda, mxares yavs warmomadgeneli

(ix. 178-e da 201-e muxlebis komentari).
- mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTlo
acnobebs (atyobinebs) sasamarTlo sxdomis an
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros da adgils. es
imas niSnavs, rom isini ar arian iuridiulad
valdebulni gamocxaddnen sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an
monawileoba miiRon saproceso moqmedebis
SesrulebaSi. amasTan erTad, maTi gamoucxadebloba
ver daabrkolebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas
an saqmis ganxilvas, Tu maT uwyeba gaegzavnaT kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis
gamoucxadeblobas SeiZleba moyves mxolod
araxelsayreli Sedegebi maTTvis. swored amitom,
gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebze miTiTebuli unda iyos
uwyebaSi (72-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „z” qvepunqti).
- rac Seexeba mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs,
Tarjimnebs, maT sasamarTlo ubralod ki ar acnobebs
(atyobinebs), aramed ibarebs, rac imas niSnavs, rom
isini valdebulni arian gamocxaddnen, xolo
gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi maT daekisrebaT
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba (ix. 145-e
da 168-e muxlebis komentari).
- rac Seexeba sasamarTlos, mas evaleba Seatyobinos
mxares da mis warmomadgenels sasamarTlos sxdomis
Tu calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro
da adgili. aseTi Setyobinebis gareSe sasamarTlo ver
Caatarebs da gamoitans gadawyvetilebas - es iqneba am
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo)
safuZveli.
2. 70-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar gansazRvravs drois im
zust monakveTs, romlis ganmavlobaSic mxareebsa da
maT warmomadgenlebs unda CabardeT uwyeba. am
sakiTxis gadawyveta mindobili aqvs sasamarTlos,
oRond man unda ixelmZRvanelos im zogadi
kriteriumiT, romelic aqaa Camoyalibebuli, kerZod:
uwyeba maT unda CabardeT im varaudiT, rom sakmao
124
dro hqondeT sasamarTloSi droulad

gamocxadebisaTvis da saqmisaTvis mosamzadeblad.
rogorc Cans, sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos saidan
unda Camovides mxare, misi warmomadgeneli, ramdeni
dro dasWirdeba imisaTvis, rom moemzados sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamosasvlelad, saqmeSi damatebiTi
masalebis gasacnobad, romlebsac igi adre, anu am
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze ar gacnobia da a.S.
3. 70-e muxlis me-3 nawili uSvebs mxareTa, maT
warmomadgenelTa, mowmeebis, eqspertebis,
specialistebis, Tarjimnebis Setyobinebasa da
gamoZaxebas telefonogramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli
fostiT, faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT, romlebic Tavisi
SinaarsiT unda pasuxobdnen 72-e muxlis moTxovnebs.
teqnikuri saSualebiT gagzvnili sasamarTlo uwyebis
Cabareba unda dadasturdes 73-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari)12.
muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebis

Cabareba
sasamarTlo uwyeba dasabarebel pirs un-
da Cabardes mxaris mier miTiTebuli misa-
marTis mixedviT. Tu moqalaqe ar cxovrobs
am misamarTze, uwyeba gaigzavneba alter-
natiuli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgi-
lis mixedviT.
_ mopasuxis dasaxeleba, agreTve misi misamarTis mi-

TiTeba aris mosarCelis movaleoba (178-e muxlis `d~
qvepunqti). mxareebs evalebaT agreTve miuTiTon im
pirTa misamarTebi, romelTa gamoZaxebaze Suamdgom-
loben sasamarTlos winaSe (magaliTad, ssk 140-e mux-
li). aseTi misamarTis miTiTebis gareSe sasamarTlo
umoZraod datovebs sarCels (ssk 185-e muxli) an ki-
12
„uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebisa da drois Sesaxeb“
- ix. am Tavis danarTi, gv. 139.
125
dev, ar daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlobas mowmi-

sa Tu sxva piris gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb.
_ Tu aRmoCndeba, rom sasamarTloSi dasabarebeli
piri ar cxovrobs faqtobrivad miTiTebul misamarT-
ze, gamosavali erTia, uwyeba gaigzavneba alternati-
uli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgilis mixedviT. ase-
Ti misamarTisa Tu samuSao adgilis Sesaxebac sasamar-
Tlos unda acnobos mxarem.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT iseTi cnebebi,
rogoricaa `faqtobrivad arcxovreba~ da ` saerTod ar-
cxovreba~. faqtobrivad arcxovrebaSi unda vigulisx-
moT is, rom piri cxovrobda aq, magram sxvadasxva mize-
zebis gamo faqtobrivad aq aRar cxovrobs. magram Tu
piri arasdros aq ar cxovrobda, iTvleba, rom arc faq-
tobrivad da arc iuridiulad igi mxaris mier miTiTe-
bul misamarTze ar cxovrobs da arc ucxovria. aseT Sem-
TxvevebSi, rodesac es exeba mopasuxes, sakiTxi Semdeg-
nairad SeiZleba gadawydes: mopasuxis dasaxelebis da
misi misamarTis miTiTebis movaleoba ekisreba mosar-
Celes (178-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). sarCelis miRebis
dros sasamarTlo ar amowmebs, marTla cxovrobs Tu ara
mopasuxe am sarCelSi miTiTebul misamarTze. sarCelis
warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg SeiZleba gairkves, rom si-
namdvileSi mopasuxe aramarto ar cxovrobs faqtobri-
vad, aramed arc arasdros ar ucxovria am misamarTze.
amasTan erTad, arc misi amJamindeli Tu yofili samu-
Sao adgilia cnobili, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleboda
uwyebis gagzavna. sxva sityvebiT, Tu mopasuxis adgil-
samyofeli ucnobia sasamarTlo ugzavnis Sesabamis or-
ganos anda gamoitans ganCinebas sajaro Setyobinebis
Sesaxeb publikaciis meSveobiT (78-e muxlis pirveli
nawili ). ufro martivad gadawydeba es sakiTxi mowmee-
bis, mxaris mier dasaxelebuli eqspertebis, specialis-
tebis mimarT. Tu mxareebis mier miTiTebul misamarT-
ze es pirebi ar cxovroben _ isini ver iqnebian gamoZaxe-
buli da dakiTxuli, xolo saqme gadawydeba mopovebu-
li da am saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT.
126

Sinaarsi
1. uwyeba unda Seicavdes:

a) sasamarTlos saxelwodebasa da zust
misamarTs;
b) miTiTebas droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb,
xolo Tu uwyeba egzavneba warmomadgenels,
- agreTve miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom igi
valdebulia acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxares,
romlis warmomadgenelic aris;
g) saqmis dasaxelebas, romlis gamoc iba-
reben ama Tu im pirs, da miTiTebas davis
sagnis Sesaxeb;
d) sasamarTloSi dasabarebeli piris vi-
naobas, agreTve imas, Tu ra statusiT aris
igi dabarebuli, da miTiTebas arasapatio
mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi mis
mimarT gamosayenebeli zomebis Sesaxeb;
e) winadadebas mxareebis mimarT, warmoad-
ginon maTTan arsebuli yvela mtkicebuleba;
v) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom adresa-
tis aryofnisas uwyebis mimRebi piri val-
debulia pirveli SesaZleblobisTanave Ca-
abaros uwyeba adresats;
z) miTiTebas gamoucxadeblobis Sedegeb-
ze da valdebulebas, acnobos sasamarT-
los gamoucxadeblobis mizezebi.
2. sasamarTlo uwyebasTan erTad mosamarT-
le mopasuxes ugzavnis sasarCelo gancxade-
basa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs. uwye-
basTan erTad mosamarTle mosarCeles ugzav-
nis mopasuxis werilobiTi gancxadebis asls,
Tu aseTi Semovida sasamarTloSi uwyebis gag-
zavnis droisaTvis. sasamarTloSi Semosuli
yvela werilobiTi dokumentis asli SeiZleba
gaegzavnos mxareebs mas Semdegac, roca uwyeba
ukve gagzavnilia.
127
1. mxareebs _ mosarCelesa da mopasuxes uwyeba unda

gaegzavnoT dadgenili formis mixedviT, romelic zus-
tad asaxavs 72-e muxlis Sinaarss. aseve, dadgenili
formis mixedviT unda gaegzavnoT uwyeba procesis
sxva monawileebs, rogoricaa mowmeebi, eqspertebi, spe-
cialistebi da a. S. didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs
sizustes anu uwyebaSi imis garkveviT miTiTebas, Tu
ra saxiTaa (statusiTaa) dabarebuli sasamarTloSi
adresati. amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, Tu
ramdenad sworadaa Sevsebuli sasamarTlo uwyebis
formulari sasamarTlo Sesabamisi moxelis mier (sx-
domis mdivani an mosamarTlis TanaSemwe).
2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sagangebo mniSv-
nelobas aniWebs saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxil-
visaTvis momzadebas. swored saqmis momzadebis miz-
niT sasamarTlom jer kidev mTvari sxdomis daniSvnam-
de unda gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da masze Tan-
darTuli dokumentebis aslebi, xolo mosarCeles mo-
pasuxis mier warmodgenili Sesageblisa Tu sxva weri-
lobiTi masalebis aslebi (201-e da 202-e muxlebi). mxo-
lod mas Semdeg, roca Segrovilia yvela werilobiTi
masala, roca werilobiTi Sejibreba damTavrebulia,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma, anu ze-
piri sxdoma, zepiri Sejibreba (207-e muxli). aqedan ga-
momdinare, cxadia, rom sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis
daniSvnis droisa da adgilis Setyobinebis mizniT uw-
yebis gagzavnisas aRar iqneba imis aucilebloba, mxa-
reebs gaegzavnoT werilobiTi masalebis aslebi. maT
SeiZleba gaegzavnoT uwyebasTan erTad mxolod im
masalis aslebi, romlebic ver iqna gadagzavnili adre.

gagzavna
1. sasamarTlo uwyeba igzavneba fostiT

an kurieris meSveobiT, agreTve am kodeq-
sis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb-
128
uli teqnikuri saSualebebiT.

2. teqnikuri saSualebebiT gagzavnili
sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba dasturdeba:
a) telefonogramis SemTxvevaSi - tele-
fonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb Sedgenili
aqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba telefonogra-
mis gadacemis dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro;
b) depeSis SemTxvevaSi - depeSis Cabareb-
is Sesaxeb miRebuli SetyobinebiT;
g) eleqtronuli fostis an faqsis SemTx-
vevaSi - Sesabamisi teqnikuri saSualebiT
mowodebuli dadasturebiT.
3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb-
ul SemTxvevaSi uwyeba igzavneba aseve
fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT.
4. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili
wesiT dadasturebisas sasamarTlo uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba.
5. adresatisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis
Cabarebis dro aRiniSneba mis meore egzem-
plarze, romelic sasamarTlos unda
daubrundes. teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoy-
enebisas uwyebis gadacemis dro aRiniSneba
am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebul aqtSi.
6. mosamarTles SeuZlia mxaris TanxmobiT
xelze misces mas sasamarTlo uwyeba Sesa-
tyobinebeli an gamosaZaxebeli pirisaTvis
Casabareblad. piri, romelsac mosamarTlem
daavala uwyebis mitana, valdebulia sasa-
marTlos daubrunos misi meore egzemplari
uwyebis miRebaze adresatis xelmoweriT.
7. Tu mxareebs, maT warmomadgenlebs,
agreTve mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialisteb-
sa da Tarjimnebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili
wesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis
129
dro da adgili, mosamarTles SeuZlia aRniS-

nuli pirebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis
Cabareba ganCinebiT daavalos adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis orga-
nos an saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa samin-
istros teritoriuli organoebis saubno
samsaxurebs (ubnis inspeqtorebs). adgilo-
brivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis
organo anda ubnis inspeqtorebi valdebu-
li arian ganCinebiT dadgenil vadaSi uzrun-
velyon mxareebisaTvis, maTi warmomdagen-
lebisaTvis, agreTve mowmeebisaTvis,
eqspertebisaTvis, specialistebisa da Tar-
jimnebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabare-
ba da misi Cabarebis, Cabarebis SeuZle-
blobis mizezebis an Cabarebaze uaris Tq-
mis Sesaxeb acnobon mosamarTles.
8. fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT mo-
qalaqisaTvis gagzavnili sasamarTlo uw-
yeba mas unda Cahbardes piradad, xolo
moqalaqis samuSao adgilze, aseve orga-
nizaciisaTvis gagzavnili uwyeba unda Cah-
bardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebis
struqturul erTeuls anda pirs, xolo
aseTis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi - organizaci-
is Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs, romelic
uwyebas adresats gadascems. am nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi uwyebis
Cabareba dasturdeba uwyebis meore eg-
zemplarze uwyebis mimRebis xelmoweriT.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavna fostiT

an kurieris meSveobiT, uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba
Tu am uwyebis meore egzemplarze, romelzec xels
awers adresati, aRniSnulia misi Cabarebis dro, igi
dabrunda sasamarTloSi da Cakerebulia saqmeSi.
uwyebis meore egzemplars, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul
130
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba xels awerdes sxva piric (ix. 74-e

muxlis komentari). aseT SemTxvevaSic uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba.
2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavna
teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT, uwyeba
Cabarebulad iTvleba, Tu arsebobs Sesabamisad
telefonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb aqti, depeSis
Cabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobineba,
eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT miwodebulis
dadastureba (ix. am muxlis me-4 nawili).
amasTan erTad, ar SeiZleba mxedvelobidan gauSvaT
am muxlis me-5 nawilis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad
teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas uwyebis
gadacemis dro aRiniSneba am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis
me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul aqtSi, romelsac adgens
sasamarTlos Sesabamisi moxele, romelmac es aqti unda
gadasces mosamarTles (TanaSemwes), romelic amzadebs
saqmes da romelmac unda ganixilos es saqme.
rogorc vxedavT, erT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad
iTvleba, rodesac igi Cabardeba uSualod adresats an
74-e muxlSi dasaxelebul pirs, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi,
kerZod teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas -
gadacemis drois dadasturebiT.
am sakiTxis aseTnairad gadawyvetam praqtikaSi
SeiZleba warmoSvas problemebi, kerZod sasamarTloSi
gamosaZaxebelma pirma SeiZleba ganacxados, rom misTvis
ar gadauciaT arc telefonograma, arc depeSa da arc
faqsiT Setyobineba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom faqsis an
eleqtronuli fostis meSveobiT mxareTa gamoZaxeba
unda moxdes im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare TviTon
afiqsirebs, rom mas gaaCnia sacxovrebel binaSi an
samuSao adgilze dasaxelebuli teqnikuri saSualebebi,
uTiTebs Sesabamis misamarTs da gamoxatavs mzadyofnas
aseTi saxis urTierTobaze. mizanSewonili SeiZleba
iyos, rom praqtikam SeimuSaos wesi, romlis Tanaxmad
damoukideblad imisa, Tu ra saSualebiT gaigzavna
uwyeba (Setyobineba), igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu
131
Cabarda uSualod adresats an, misi aryofnis

SemTxvevaSi, ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao
adgilis administracias. Tu uwyeba igzavneba moqalaqis
samuSao adgilze an egzavneba organizacias, igi unda
Cabardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebis
struqturul erTeuls an kidev Sesabamis uflebamosil
pirs, romelic uwyebas adresats gadascems (73-e muxlis
me-8 nawili).
3. uwyebis gagzavna SeiZleba mxaris meSveobiTac, Tu
sasamarTloSi gamocxadebuli mxare Tanaxmaa meore
mxares an sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebel nebismier pirs
wauRos da Caabaros uwyeba. sasamarTlom aseT
SemTxvevaSi unda gaafrTxilos mxare, rom igi
valdebulia daabrunos uwyebis meore egzemplari
adresatis xelmoweriT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi uwyeba
Cabarebulad ar CaiTvleba.
4. 73-e muxlis me-7 nawili uSvebs SesaZleblobas, rom
uwyebis Cabareba sasamarTlom daavalos adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos, anda
ubnis inspeqtors, aseTi davaleba dasaSvebia iseT
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebs mowmeebs, eqspertebs,
specialistebs, Tarjimnebs „am kodeqsiT dadgenili
wesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili”.
aRniSnuli organoebisaTvis da Sss ubnis
inspeqtorebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebis davalebis
misacemad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba.
muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatis

aryofnis SemTxvevaSi
1. Tu sasamarTlo uwyebis Cambarebelma
sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebeli moqalaqe ver
naxa sacxovrebel an samuSao adgilze, igi
uwyebas abarebs masTan mcxovreb ojaxis
romelime srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao
adgilis administracias am kodeqsis 73-e
132
muxlis me-8 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.

uwyebis mimRebi valdebulia uwyebis me-
ore egzemplarze aRniSnos Tavisi saxeli,
gvari, adresatTan damokidebuleba an
dakavebuli Tanamdeboba. uwyebis mimRebi
valdebulia uwyeba dauyovnebliv Caabaros
adresats. Cabarebad CaiTvleba rogorc
uwyebis piradad gadacema, aseve uwyebis
mimRebis mier adresatisTvis uwyebis Si-
naarsis cnobeba.
2. adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlo uwyebis Cambarebelma uwyebis me-
ore egzemplarze unda aRniSnos, sad aris
wasuli adresati da rodis varaudoben mis
dabrunebas.
1. 74-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs adresa-

tis moklevadian gasvlas sacxovrebeli an samuSao ad-
gilidan, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos sxvadasxva mi-
zezebiT. aseTi moklevadiani aryofnis SemTxvevisTvi-
saa gaTvaliswinebuli 74-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaT-
valiswinebuli uwyebis Cabarebis wesi. am wesis dacviT
Cabarebuli uwyeba iTvleba Cabarebulad, Tumca araa ga-
moricxuli, rom adresatma ver miiRos uwyeba im ubra-
lo mizezis gamo, rom am uwyebis mimReb pirs gadaaviwy-
da an sxva mizeziT ver moaxerxa misi gadacema adresa-
tisaTvis. cxadia, rom adresatma unda daadasturos sa-
samarTlos winaSe, rom misTvis uwyeba ar gadauciaT.
2. 74-e muxlis me-2 nawili awesrigebs iseT SemTxve-
vebs, rodesac adresati marTalia droebiT, magram wa-
sulia im dasaxlebuli punqtidan (qalaqidan, raioni-
dan, soflidan), sadac igi mudmivad cxovrobs an muSa-
obs. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyebis meore (sasamarTloSi da-
sabrunebel) egzemplarze unda aRiniSnos, sad aris wa-
suli adresati da rodis moelian mis dabrunebas..
_ sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT samarTlianad mi-
aqcia yuradReba im garemoebas, rom adresatis droe-
133
biT wasvla sacxovrebeli adgilidan ar niSnavs mis mi-

er sacxovrebeli adgilis gamocvlas; amitom, sasamar-
Tlo movale iyo adresatisaTvis uwyeba gaegzavna ara
ssk 76-e muxlis, aramed àmave kodeqsis 74-e muxlis
moTxovnaTa dacviT, rac ar gaakeTa da riTac dairRva
miTiTebuli norma. aRniSnuli darRveva ki, amave ko-
deqsis 394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT ganCinebis gauqme-
bis absoluturi safuZvelia~.13
muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma
Tu adresatma uari ganacxada uwyebis

miRebaze, misi mimtani piri saTanado aR-
niSvnas akeTebs uwyebaze, romelic sasa-
marTlos ubrundeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi uw-
yeba Cabarebulad iTvleba da sasamarTlos
SeuZlia ganixilos saqme.
_ marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba ar SeiZleba da-

mokidebuli iyos mxaris da, miT umetes, saqmeSi mona-
wile nebismieri sxva piris neba-survilze. amitom, Tu
adresati marTalia imyofeba adgilze, magram uars am-
bobs uwyebis miRebaze, rac unda aRiniSnos am uwyebis
meore egzemplarze, es ver SeuSlis xels marTlmsa-
julebis ganxorcielebas, sasamarTlo sxdomis Cata-
rebas, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas.
aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba aqe-
dan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. es Sedegebi ki
sxvadasxvaa imis mixedviT, Tu vin aris adresati: mxa-
re, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti Tu Tarjimani. maga-
liTad, Tu mopasuxem uari Tqva uwyebis miRebaze da
arc mTavar sxdomaze gamocxadda, mis mimarT SeiZleba
gamotanil iqnes dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (ssk 230-
e muxli), Tu mowmed dabarebulma pirma uari ganacxa-
da uwyebis miRebaze da arc gamocxadda sasamarTlo-
13
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #3, 2000, gv. 102-103
134
Si, mas daekisreba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxis-

mgebloba (ssk 145-e muxli) da a.S.
muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmis

warmoebis dros
mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi movaleni
arian acnobon sasamarTlos saqmis warmoebis
ganmavlobaSi TavianTi misamarTis Secvlis Se-
saxeb. aseTi cnobis uqonlobisas uwyeba gaig-
zavneba sasamarTlosaTvis cnobil ukanasknel
misamarTze da Cabarebulad iTvleba, Tundac
adresati am misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes.
_ Tu mxareebma da maTma warmomdgenlebma ar acno-

bes sasamarTlos TavianTi misamarTis Secvlisa da axa-
li misamarTis Sesaxeb, amas SeiZleba moyves maTTvis
araxelsayreli Sedegi. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo uw-
yebas gaagzavnis misTvis cnobil ukanasknel misamarT-
ze da igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tundac adresati
am misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes. radgan uwyeba Caba-
rebulad CaiTvleba, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos
saqme da gamoitanos im mxarisaTvis araxelsayreli da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic ar gamocxadda.
is garemoeba, rom mas uwyeba ar Cabarebia, radgan igi
gaigzavna Zvel misamarTze, xolo man ki Seicvala misa-
marTi, ver CaiTvleba gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mi-
zezad da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis sa-
fuZvlad. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasa-
cio palata ganuxrelad icavs am muxlis danawess.14
76-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebze da maT warmomad-
genlebze, magram analogiiT es wesi SeiZleba gavavr-
celoT procesis sxva monawileebzec, kerZod, mowme-
ebze. mxare, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac isini procesSi
monawileoben, valdebulia acnobos sasamarTlos maT
14
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #2, gv. 244
135
mier misamarTis Secvlis Sesaxeb (140-e muxlis me-3 na-

wili). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqme gadawydeba maTi
Cvenebis (daskvnis) gareSe saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT.
muxli 77. uwyebis Cabareba

TanamonawilisaTvis
Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindo-
bili aqvs erT-erT Tanamonawiles, uwyeba
Cahbardeba mas, romelic valdebulia amis
Taobaze acnobos sxva Tanamonawileebs. uw-
yebis Cabareba im TanamonawilisaTvis, ro-
melsac mindobili aqvs saqmis warmoeba, niS-
navs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela Tanamonawi-
lisaTvis.
_ Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba erT-

erT Tanamonawiles miandon, rac unda gaformdes ka-
noniT dadgenili wesiT (87-e muxli). Tu Tanamonawile-
ebma gamoiyenes es ufleba da saqmis warmoeba dadgeni-
li wesiT miandes erT-erT Tanamonawiles, maSin uwye-
ba unda gaegzavnos mxolod mas. aseT SemTxvevaSi uw-
yeba Cabarebulad iTvleba yvela TanamonawilisaTvis.
_ saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi Tanamonawili-
saTvis ar arTmevs uflebas sxva Tanamonawileebs miiRon
monawileoba saqmis ganxilvaSi, magram saqmis ganxilvisa
Tu saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis droisa da adgi-
lis Sesaxeb am sxva Tanamonawileebs unda acnobos im Ta-
namonawilem, romelsac miandes saqmis warmoeba.
_ Tu `mindobilma~ Tanamonawilem ar Seasrula Ta-
visi movaleoba da ar acnoba sxva Tanamonawileebs ama
Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa da, maT So-
ris, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, es ver
gaxdeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZ-
veli, radgan uwyebis Cabareba `mindobili~ Tanamona-
wilisaTvis `niSnavs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela Tanamo-
nawilisaTvis~.
136
muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis

daudgenloba
1. Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucno-

bia, sasamarTlo uwyebas abarebs adgilo-
organos anda gamoaqvs ganCineba sajaro
Setyobinebis Sesaxeb publikaciis meSveo-
biT.
2. werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili sajaro
Setyobineba unda gaikras sasamarTlos gancx-
adebebis dafaze. igi unda Seicavdes im
dokumentebis ZiriTad monacemebze miTiTe-
bas, romlebsac unda gaecnos mopasuxe.
3>. mosarCele uflebamosilia sasamarT-
los ganCinebis safuZvelze Tavisi xarje-
biT ganaxorcielos sajaro Setyobineba
publikaciis meSveobiT.
4. sasamarTlo uwyeba mopasuxisaTvis
Cabarebulad iTvleba adgilobrivi TviTm-
marTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organosTvis
misi gadacemidan anda publikaciidan erTi
Tvis vadaSi. es vada sasamarTlom SeiZleba
gaagrZelos ara umetes erTi Tvis vadiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis praqtikuli gamoyenebis

sirTule mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxis
adgilsamyofeli ucnobia romel adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos SeiZleba
Cabardes uwyeba aseTi mopasuxisaTvis gadasacemad.
amave muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad SemoRebulia
Cveni procesisaTvis sruliad axali, magram uaRresad
mniSvnelovani wesi „sajaro Setyobineba publikaciis
meSveobiT”.
2. sajaro Setyobineba unda Sedges werilobiTi
formiT da gaikras sasamarTlo gancxadebebis dafaze.
137
werilobiT Sedgenil sajaro SetyobinebaSi, garda 78-

e muxlis me-2 nawiliT miTiTebuli monacemebisa, unda
aRiniSnos, rom mopasuxis winaaRmdeg aRZrulia
sarCeli, rogoria sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi da
imis Sesaxeb, rom ver moxerxda mopasuxis faqtiuri
adgilsamyofelis dadgena. aqve unda mieTiTos
agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddeba
gancxadebaSi miTiTebul vadaze an ar acnobebs sasa-
marTlos Tavis adgilsamyofels, saqme ganxiluli
iqneba mis dauswreblad.
3. sasamarTlom mosarCelis SuamdgomlobiT SeiZleba
daadginos Tavisi ganCinebiT, rom sajaro Setyobineba
ganaxorcielos publikaciis meSveobiT. xarjebis
gadaxda unda daekisros mosarCeles. garda zemoT
miTiTebuli monacemebisa sajaro publikaciaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxad-
deba sasamarTloSi da ar acnobebs mas Tavis adgil-
samyofels publikaciidan erTi Tvis vadaSi, mis
winaaRmdeg gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba.
sajaro publikaciebTan dakavSirebiT mizan-
Sewonilad unda CaiTvalos erT-erTi romelime
gazeTis SerCeva, romelSic gamoqveyndeba saqmeTa
ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli yovelgvari informacia,
romelic saWirod miaCnia saqarTvelos sasamarTloebs.
uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro
mxarebisaTvis da saqmeSi monawile sxva

dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebulad
CaTvlis mniSvnelobis gansamartavad sakmarisi iqneba
mxolod mis erT aspeqtze miTiTeba: sasamarTlo ver
ganixilavs saqmes Tu mxares ar Cabarda uwyeba
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, xolo Tu mainc
ganixilavs - es iqneba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
udavo safuZveli.
138
uwyebis gagzavna warmoebs aramarto iseTi tradiciuli

saSualebebiT, rogoricaa fosta da kurieri, aramed
Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiTac.
amitom, uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro
(momenti) gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu ra saSualebiT
gaigzavna es uwyeba. amas isic emateba, rom es
gansxvavebuloba Camoyalibebulia sxvadasxva muxlebSi.
yovelive amis gamo, uwyebis adresatisaTvis
Cabarebulad CaTvlis zustad da Seucdomlad
gansazRvra dakavSirebulia garkveul sirTuleebTan.
es danarTi Sedgenilia 73-e, 74-e da 75-e muxlebis
analizis safuZvelze da misi mizania gauadvilos
mosamarTleebs am rTuli da praqtikuli Tval-
sazrisiT udidesi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebSi garkveva.
uwyeba Cabarebulad dasturdeba

iTvleba
1. Tu uwyeba Cabarda erT- dasturdeba: mxaris an
erTs: an mxares an mis war- warmomadgenlis xelmowe-
momadgenels ( mxarem unda riT uwyebis meore egzem-
acnobos Tavis warmomad- plarze romelic Caekereba
genels, warmomadgenelma saqmeSi (70-e muxli).
unda acnobos mxares).
2. Tu uwyeba Cabarda war- dasturdeba: warmomad-

momadgenels (romelic va- genlis xelmoweriT uwye-
ldebulia amis Sesaxeb ac- bis me-2 egzemplarze,
nobos mxares an Tavis war- romelic Caekereba saqmeSi
momdgens) 70-e muxlis (70-e muxlis pirveli
pirveli nawili. nawili)
3. Tu uwyeba Cabarda adre- dasturdeba: ojaxis srul-

satis ojaxis srul-wlovan wlovani wevris xelmoweriT
wevrs, roca adre-sati ar uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze,
imyofeba adgilze, 74-e romelicCaekerebasaqmeSi. (74-
muxlis pirveli nawili. e muxli spirveli nawili ).
139
4. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba) dasturdeba: telefonogramis
telefonogramiT gadaica, gadacemis Sesaxeb Sedgenili
misi gadacemis dawyebisa da aqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba
dasrulebis droidan.( 73-e telefonogramis gadacemis
muxlis, me-2 nawilis, „a“ dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro
qvepunqti). (73-e muxlis „a“ qvepunqti ). es
aqti Caekereba saqmeSi.
5. Tu depeSa Cabarda adre- dasturdeba: depeSis Caba-

sats an misi ojaxis srul- rebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Se-
wlovan wevrs. (73-e muxlis tyobinebiT (73-e muxlis me-2
me-2 nawilis, „b“ qvepunqti). nawilis „b“ qvepunqti).
6. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba) dasturdeba: uwyebis (Setyo-

eleqtronuli fostiT an binebis) Cabarebis Sesaxeb
faqsiT gadaica. (73-e muxl- eleqtronuli fostiT an
is me-2 nawilis „g“ faqsiT mowodebuli infor-
qvepunqti). maciiT, rac Caekereba saqmeSi
(73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „g“
qvepunqti).
7. Tu erT-erTma mxarem, dasturdeba: am uwyebis me-

romelmac ikisra movale- 2 egzemplarze adresatis
oba Caabaros uwyeba meore xelmoweriT, romelic unda
mxares, gadasca es uwyeba am daubrundes sasamarTlos
meore mxares (73-e muxlis da Caekeros saqmeSi (73-e
me-6 nawili). muxlis me-6 nawili).
8. Tu fostiT an kurieris dasturdeba: adresatis xel-

meSveobiT gagzavnili uwyeba moweriTuwyebisme-2egzempla-
Cabarda moqalaqes (adresats) rze,romelic CaekerebasaqmeSi
(73-e muxlis me-8 nawili). (73-e muxlis me-8 nawili).
9. Tu uwyeba Cabarda kanc- dasturdeba: am uwyebis me-2

elarias, sxva aseTive stru- egzempliariT, romelsac xels
qturul erTeuls an organi- awers kancelariis an aseTive
zaciis Sesabamis ufleba- daniSnulebis struqturuli
mosil pirs,romlebic uwyebas erTeulis an kidev am organi-
adresats gadascemen. (73-e zaciis Sesabamisi uflebamosili
muxlis me-8 nawili). piri, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi
140 (73-emuxlisme-8nawili).
10. Tu adgilobrivi TviT- dasturdeba: adgilobrivi
marTvelobis an mmarTve- TviTmmarTvelobis an mmar-
lobis organom, an kidev Tvelobis organos Sesabami-
ubnis inspeqtorebma uwyeba si Tanamdebobis piris, an
Caabares adresats (73-e kidev, ubnis inspeqtoris
muxlis me-7 nawili). mier xelmowerili uwyebis
me-2 egzemplariT, romelic
Caekereba saqmeSi (73-e
muxlis me-7 nawili).
dasturdeba: uwyebis me-2
11. Tu adresatis aryofnis
SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarda egzemplarze, uwyebis
mimRebis xelmoweriTa da
ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs
vinaobis aRniSvniT (74-e
an samuSao adgilis adminis-
muxlis nawili pirveli).
tracias (74-e muxlis pirv-
eli nawili).
12. Tu publikaciidan gavida dasturdeba: Sesabamisi pub-

erTi Tve, roca mopasuxis likaciiT, romelic Caeke-
adgilsamyofeli daudge- reba saqmeSi (78-e muxlis me-
nelia, (78-e muxlis me-4 4 nawili).
nawili).
13. Tu adresatma uari gana- dasturdeba: uwyebaze Sesaba-

cxada uwyebis miRebaze misi aRniSvniT, romelic unda
(75-e muxli). dabrundes sasamarTloSi da
Caekeros saqmeSi (75-e muxli).
14.Tu uwyeba Cabarda erT-erT dasturdeba: im uwyebis me-

Tanamonawiles, romelsac min- 2 egzemplarze xelmowe-
dolbili aqvs saqmis warmoeba, riT, romelic Cabarda
uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba Tanamonawiles (77-e muxli).
yvela TanamonawilisaTvis (77-
e muxli).
141
kari meore
mxareebi
T a v i IX
mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da

qmedunarianoba
muxli 79. mxareebi samoqalaqo

procesSi
1. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvas Seudgeba
dainteresebuli pirebis gancxadebiT. mxa-
reebad sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovidnen
fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi.
2. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi
mxareebad SeiZleba iyvnen organizaciebi,
romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi.
1. 79-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs rogorc

ganmcxadeblebs, romlebsac aqvT iuridiuli inte-
resi daadasturon sasamarTlos meSveobiT raime, ma-
galiTad, iuridiuli faqti (ssk 310-e da 312-e mux-
lebi), ise modave mxareebs sasarCelo warmoebis
dros. udavo warmoebis dros, xolo zogierT SemTx-
vevaSi, saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis dros, yovel-
Tvis gvyavs erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, sasarCelo
warmoebis dros gvyavs ori, Tavisi interesebiT ur-
TierTdapirispirebuli mxareebi _ mosarCele da mo-
pasuxe.
mosarCele aris piri, romelmac aRZra sarCeli Ta-
visi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dasacavad. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba piri, ro-
142
melmac aRZra sarCeli sxva piris dasacavad. amitom,

mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba warmomadgeneli, romelic
mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sxva pirTa uflebe-
bis dasacavad.
mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxa-
debiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mosar-
Celem unda daasaxelos mopasuxe _ es misi movaleo-
baa (ssk 178-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). sxva sakiTxia, mar-
Tla unda agos Tu ara mosarCelis mier mopasuxed da-
saxelebulma pirma pasuxi, e. i. marTla aris Tu ara es
piri is, vinc daarRvia mosarCelis ufleba. es gairkve-
va procesis bolos _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT.
magram Tavdapirvelad mosarCelis mier mopasuxis da-
saxeleba aris saWiro da aucilebeli, raTa sasamarT-
lom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli.
2. mxareebad sasamarTloSi _ mosarCeled da mopa-
suxed, SeiZleba gamovidnen fizikuri da iuridiu-
li pirebi. swored esenia samarTlis saerTod da ker-
Zod, saproceso samarTlis subieqtebi.
SeiZleba Tu ara mxareebad (mosarCeled da mopasu-
xed) mogvevlinon organizaciebi, romlebic ar arian
iuridiuli pirebi?
79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, organizaciebi,
romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi, SeiZleba gamo-
vidnen samoqalaqo procesSi mxareebad, oRond erTi
pirobiT, Tu amas iTvaliswinebs, uSvebs kanoni ama Tu
im konkretuli organizaciis mimarT. magaliTad, samo-
qalaqo kodeqsis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, araregistri-
rebuli kavSiri ar aris iuridiuli piri, magram igi Se-
iZleba warmodgenili iyos sasamarTloSi da sasamarT-
losgareSe urTierTobebSi Tavisi wevrebiT an saami-
sod uflebamosili pirebiT.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarT-
velos kanonis 25-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesaxeb, rom-
lis Tanaxmad, `Tu registraciamde sazogadoebis sa-
xeliT raime moqmedeba ganxorcielda, am moqmedebis
Semsruleblebi da damfuZneblebi pasuxs ageben per-
143
sonalurad, rogorc solidaruli movaleebi am moqme-

debidan warmoSobili yvela valdebulebisaTvis. es pa-
suxismgebloba ZalaSi rCeba sazogadoebis registra-
ciis Semdegac~.
did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens im sawarmoebisa
da sazogadoebebis mdgomareoba, romlebic adre iyv-
nen registrirebuli, magram Semdgom, kanonis moTxov-
naTa Sesabamisad, unda gaevloT xelaxali registra-
cia, xolo Tu kanoniT daTqmul vadaSi isini ar gaivli-
an registracias, maSin maTi registracia gauqmebulad
iTvleba. registraciis gauqmeba ki niSnavs imas, rom es
sawarmo (sazogadoeba) aRaraa iuridiuli piri.
magram niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom am sawarmos (sazo-
gadoebis) mimarT ar SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli an es sa-
warmo TviTon ver gamova mosarCeled?
ara, ar niSnavs!
saqme isaa, rom aseT sawarmoebs (sazogadoebebs) ar
SeiZleba ar hqondeT mravalgvari iuridiuli kavSire-
bi samarTlis sxva subieqtebTanac. am kavSirurTier-
Tobebis safuZvelze SeiZleba warmoiSvas sxvadasxva
xasiaTis davebi, romlebic sasamarTlom unda gadawy-
vitos. amitom isini SeiZleba mogvevlinon mxareebad
procesSi, Tumca aRar SeiZleba CaiTvalon iuridiul
pirebad, radgan ar gauvliaT xelaxali registracia.
sxva sakiTxia, rom aseTi organizaciebisa da maTi wev-
rebis pasuxismgebloba gansxvavdeba im iuridiuli pi-
rebis pasuxismgeblobisagan, romlebic mxolod Tavi-
si qonebiT ageben pasuxs, magram miuxedavad amisa, isi-
ni SeiZleba gamovidnen mxareebad procesSi.
muxli 80. samoqalaqo saproceso

uflebaunarianoba
1. saqarTvelos yvela fizikuri da iuri-

diuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, hqondes
samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da mova-
leobebi (saproceso uflebaunarianoba).
144
2. fizikuri piris saproceso uflebau-

narianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momenti-
dan da Sewydeba misi gardacvalebiT.
3. iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba
warmoiSoba registraciis momentidan da
Sewydeba misi likvidaciis registraciis mo-
mentidan.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba _ aris

piris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari hqondes
samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi.
2. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba dakav-
Sirebulia samoqalaqo materialur uflebaunariano-
basTan, magram Tavisi SinaarsiTa da warmoSobis momen-
tiT SeiZleba ar daemTxvnen zogjer erTmaneTs, maga-
liTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad,
`memkvidred yofnis ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTana-
ve; am uflebis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia dabade-
baze~.
amrigad, memkvidreobis materialur-samarTlebri-
vi ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave, magram samoqa-
laqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi, rac dakav-
Sirebulia memkvidreobasTan, SeiZleba warmoiSvas
mxolod dabadebis momentidan.
ramdenadac fizikuri pirebis saproceso ufleba-
unarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da arc
am uflebaunarianobis SezRudva daiSveba, sasamarT-
los ar sWirdeba imis Semowmeba, aRWurvilia Tu ara mxa-
re _ fizikuri piri saproceso uflebaunarianobiT.
3. rac Seexeba iuridiul pirebs, maT saproceso uf-
lebaunarianobas da qmedunarianobas erTmaneTisagan
arc ki ansxvaveben im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom isini
warmoiSoba da Sewydeba erTdroulad _ registra-
ciis momentidan da am registraciis gauqmebis momen-
tidan.
amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos iuridiuli pi-
ris uflebaunarianoba, rac imavdroulad iuridiuli
145
piris qmedunarianobis Semowmebasac niSnavs. Tu aseTi

Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom iuridiuli piri
araa registrirebuli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras
mas sarCelis miRebaze (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawi-
lis `v~ qvepunqti), garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca
kanoni uSvebs araiuridiuli piris samoqalaqo proces-
Si mxared monawileobis SesaZleblobas (ssk 79-e mux-
lis me-2 nawili).

qmedunarianoba
1. yvela srulwlovani fizikuri piri da
iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, Ta-
visi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarT-
loSi saproceso uflebebi da Seasrulos
saproceso movaleobebi, agreTve daavalos
saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels (saproce-
so qmedunarianoba).
2. fizikur pirTa sruli saproceso qme-
dunarianoba warmoiSoba 18 wlis asakidan
(srulwlovanebidan), xolo iuridiuli pi-
ris qmedunarianoba _ misi registraciis mo-
mentidan. qmedunarianad iTvleba agreTve
piri, romelic iqorwinebs 18 wlis asakis
miRwevamde.
3. 7-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovanTa,
agreTve SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiare-
bul moqalaqeTa uflebebsa da kanoniT da-
cul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi
mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi,
amasTanave, sasamarTlo valdebulia aseT
saqmeebSi Caabas TviT arasrulwlovnebic.
4. Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWe-
buli aqvs ufleba, TviTon, damoukideb-
lad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvril-
mani sayofacxovrebo garigebebi da a.S.,
146
mas ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi piradad da-

icvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanoniT gaTva-
liswinebuli interesebi, iyos mosarCele,
mopasuxe an mesame piri. sasamarTlos SeuZ-
lia arasrulwlovanis SuamdgomlobiT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, saqmeSi Caabas misi ka-
nonieri warmomadgenelic.
5. mcirewlovanTa uflebebs, agreTve qme-
duunarod cnobil moqalaqeTa uflebebsa
da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarT-
loSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgen-
lebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an meurveebi.
kanonieri warmomadgenlis SuamdgomlobiT
sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmeSi Caabas mci-
rewlovanic.
6. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTva-
liswinebul SemTxvevaSi meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis organoebi uflebamosilni
arian mimarTon sasamarTlos arasrulwlo-
vnis uflebebis dacvis mizniT.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba _ esaa pi-

ris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari Tavisi moq-
medebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi saproceso uf-
lebebi da Seasrulos saproceso movaleobebi, agreT-
ve daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels.
2. gansxvavebiT fizikur pirTa saproceso ufleba-
unarianobisagan, maTi saproceso qmedunarianoba war-
moiSoba srulwlovanebidan (18 wlis asakidan), xolo
iuridiul pirTa qmedunarianoba _ registraciis mo-
mentidan, e. i. iuridiuli piris saproceso uflebau-
narianobisa da qmedunarianobis warmoSobis momenti
emTxveva erTmaneTs.
ufro adre fizikuri piri SeiZleba gaxdes proce-
sualurad qmedunariani, Tu igi iqorwinebs kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde.
amrigad, sasamarTlom, Tu arsebobs eWvis safuZ-
147
veli, SeiZleba mosTxovos fizikur pirs misi asakis da-

madasturebeli dokumentebis wardgena, xolo iuri-
diul pirs _ misi registraciis damadasturebeli do-
kumentis wardgena.
3. arasrulwlovnebi (7-dan 18 wlamde), agreTve Sez-
Rudul qmedunarianad aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi sapro-
ceso qmedunarianobis TvalasazrisiT gaTanabrebule-
bi arian: maT uflebebs icaven maTi kanonieri warmo-
madgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi.
SeuZlia Tu ara arasrulwlovans piradad daicvas
sasamarTloSi Tavisi ufleba, iyos mosarCele da mopa-
suxe? diax, SeuZlia, Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT mi-
niWebuli aqvs ufleba TviTon damoukideblad gankar-
gos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo
garigebani, miniWebuli aqvs sawarmos damoukideblad
gaZRolis ufleba da a. S. (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 65-e mux-
li).
4. saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalsazrisiT gaTa-
nabrebulebi arian mcirewlovnebi da qmeduunarod
aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi _ maT ar gaaCniaT saproceso
qmedunarianoba. amitom, maT uflebebs sasamarTloSi
mxolod maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, e. i. mSoble-
bi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi icaven.
magram Tu maT ar hyavT kanonieri warmomadgeneli?
maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoiyenos ssk 82-e muxli
da dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
5. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac
srulwlovani piri (rogorc wesi, mopasuxe) araa sasa-
marTlos mier aRiarebuli qmeduunarod (ssk 322-e mux-
li), magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis
moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an Wkuasusto-
bis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda moiwvi-
os am piris mSobeli, Svili, meuRle da CarTos igi saq-
meSi, rogorc kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu mas
ar hyavs aseTi warmomadgeneli _ dauniSnos mas sapro-
ceso warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).
148
muxli 811. arasrulwlovanis ufleba

dacvaze
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvalis-

winebul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovans 14
wlis asakidan ufleba aqvs mimarTos sasa-
marTlos Tavisi uflebebis da kanonieri
interesebis dasacavad. am SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlo niSnavs saproceso warmomadgenels
da ganixilavs saqmes. arasrulwlovan mo-
sarCeles ufleba aqvs ar daeTanxmos Tavis
saproceso warmomadgenels da TviTon da-
icvas sakuTari Tavi. sasamarTlo valde-
bulia aseT saqmeebze Caabas meurveobisa
da mzrunvelobis organoebi.
_ Tu kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sasa-

marTlos mimarTavs arasrulwlovani, maT Soris 14 wlis
asaks miRweuli, (ix. 81-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT pirebs
sasamarTlo dauniSnavs saproceso warmomadgenlebs Tu
maT ar yavT kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (mSoblebi, mS-
vileblebi, mzrunvelebi ix. 82-e muxlis komentari).
yvela SemTxvevaSi es muxli iTvaliswinebs meurveobisa
da mzrunvelobis organoebis Cabmas saqmeSi.
muxli 82. qmeduunaro mxaris

saproceso warmomadgeneli
procesSi (saproceso mzrunveli)
1. Tu sarCeli Setanilia qmeduunaro mxaris
winaaRmdeg, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri
warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlom mosarCelis
gancxadebis safuZvelze unda daniSnos sap-
roceso warmomadgeneli da ganixilos saq-
me, Tu misi ganuxilveloba zianiT emuqre-
ba mosarCeles.
2. Tu saqmis warmoebis dros gairkveva,
149
rom sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosar-

Celis mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri
warmomadgeneli, maSin saqmis ganxilvis ga-
Wianurebis Tavidan asacileblad, kanonie-
ri warmomadgenlis daniSvnamde SeiZleba
mosarCeles dauniSnon saproceso warmo-
madgeneli.
82-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis,

rom sasamarTlom dauniSnos qmeduunaro mxares sap-
roceso warmomadgeneli (saproceso mzrunveli) da ga-
nixilos saqme, saWiroa sami pirobis erTdroulad ar-
seboba: pirveli _ piri unda iyos qmeduunaro. qmedu-
unarod iTvleba piri 7-dan 18 wlamde (garda kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebisa) asakis, agreTve
qmeduunarod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiare-
buli srulwlovani piri. meore _ mosarCelis Suamd-
gomloba mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb da mesame _ am saqmis ganuxilvelo-
bam SeiZleba ziani miayenos mosarCeles.
Tu yvela es piroba arsebobs, sasamarTlo daniSnavs
saproceso warmomadgenels, raTa daculi iqnes qmedu-
unaro mopasuxis uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi.
_ amasTan erTad, praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis
Sesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saproceso warmomadgeneli
daeniSnos iseT pirs, romelic srulwlovania, araa aRi-
arebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuri-
diulad qmedunariania, magram aSkarad ver uwevs an-
gariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an
Wkuasustobis gamo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa.
aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadge-
neli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuRlis sa-
xiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva iseTi piris saxiT, ro-
melsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobrivad qmeduunaro
piris interesebi sasamarTloSi.
_ arasrulwlovans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-
150
ba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli, roca mas ar

hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli.
1. mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniS-
vnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli gan-
Cineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Seta-
na. Tu saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis pirobebi
ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas mis da-
niSvnaze uaris Tqmisa da sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-
tovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis analogiiT, romelzec Se-
iZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
2. Tu sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosarCelis mi-
er, romelsac ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, maSin
mas SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli.
magram am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, ro-
desac mosarCele srulwlovania, araa aRiarebuli sa-
samarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuridiulad qme-
dunariania, magram faqtobrivad aSkarad ver uwevs
angariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis ga-
mo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa.
_ aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmo-
madgeneli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuR-
lis saxiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva nebismieri iseTi
piris saxiT, romelsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobri-
vad qmeduunaro piris interesebi.
_ saproceso warmomadgenels, ise rogorc kanonier
warmomadgenels, SeuZlia saqme awarmoos sasamarTlo-
Si warmomadgenlis (advokatis) meSveobiT.
_ mosarCelisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis da-
niSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, ro-
melzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. mosarCe-
lisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnaze uaris
Tqmis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sar-
Celis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis
à~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
151
muxli 83. mxareTa saproceso

uflebebi
1. mxareebi sargebloben Tanabari sapro-

ceso uflebebiT. maT ufleba aqvT gaecnon
saqmis masalebs, gaakeTon amonawerebi am
masalebidan, gadaiRon aslebi, ganacxadon
acilebani, waradginon mtkicebulebani, mo-
nawileoba miiRon mtkicebulebaTa gamokv-
levaSi, SekiTxvebi dausvan mowmeebs, eqs-
pertebs, specialistebs, ganacxadon sasa-
marTlos winaSe Suamdgomlobebi, miscen sa-
samarTlos zepiri da werilobiTi axsna-
ganmarteba, waradginon TavianTi daskvnebi
da gamoTqvan mosazrebebi saqmis ganxilvis
dros wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, uaryon
meore mxaris Suamdgomlobebi, daskvnebi
da mosazrebebi, gaasaCivron sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebebi da ganCinebebi, isargeb-
lon am kodeqsiT maTTvis miniWebuli sxva
uflebebiT.
2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswa-
ri sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis
damTavrebamde Secvalos sarCelis safuZve-
li an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCe-
lo moTxovnebis odenoba, ris Sesaxebac sa-
samarTlo valdebulia acnobos mopasuxes.
3. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvi-
saTvis momzadebis Semdeg sarCelis safuZ-
vlis an sagnis Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod
mopasuxis winaswari TanxmobiT. aseTi Tan-
xmobis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes SeuZlia mo-
iTxovos sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva
droisaTvis.
4. sarCelis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba mo-
sarCelis mier sarCelSi miTiTebuli gare-
moebebis dazusteba, dakonkreteba da da-
152
mateba, agreTve sasarCelo moTxovnebis ode-

nobis Semcireba, an erTi nivTis nacvlad
meore nivTis mikuTvneba misTvis, anda am
nivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba.
1. 83-e muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens samoqa-

laqo procesis fundamenturi principebis _ Sejibre-
biTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworuflebianobis konkre-
tul gamovlinebas. cxadia, rom sasamarTloebma sagan-
gebo yuradReba unda miaqcion mxareTa aq CamoTvlili
uflebebis dacvas, imas, rom mxareebma SeZlon am uf-
lebaTa realizacia procesis ama Tu im stadiaze.
2. 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili warmoadgens dispozici-
urobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas, romlis
Tanaxmad, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelis
safuZveli an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo
moTxovnis odenoba.
_ sarCelis safuZveli esaa im faqtebis erTobli-
oba, romlebic asabuTeben, amarTleben faqtobrivad
mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas. aqedan gamomdina-
re, sarCelis safuZvlis Secvla niSnavs im faqtobrivi
garemoebebis Secvlas, romlebic miTiTebuli iyo Tav-
dapirvelad mosarCelis mier Tavis sarCelSi. magali-
Tad, mosarCele moiTxovda mopasuxis (damqiraveblis)
binidan gamosaxlebas im safuZvliT, rom bina sWirde-
boda mas Tavisi axlo naTesavebisaTvis. Semdgom mosar-
Celem Secvala sarCelis safuZveli da moiTxova gamo-
saxleba im safuZvliT, rom mopasuxe ukve sam Tveze
metia ar ixdis binis qiras.
_ sarCelis sagani _ esaa mosarClis moTxovnis Si-
naarsi, is Tu ra moqmedebis Sesrulebas moiTxovs mo-
sarCele mopasuxisagan (binis gaTavisuflebas, raime
nivTis gadacemas, valis dabrunebas, zianis anazRau-
rebas, ama Tu im uflebis an samarTlebrivi urTierTo-
bis aRiarebas da a. S.).
_ sarCelis sagnis Secvlam, ise rogorc sasarCelo
moTxovnis gadidebam, SeiZleba gamoiwvios davis sag-
153
nis gazrda, romelzec damokidebulia saxelmwifo ba-

Jis odenoba (39-e muxli). sarCelis sagnis Secvlas an
moTxovnis gadidebas kanoni ar ukavSirebs davis sagnis
fasis gazrdis gamo baJis damatebiT winaswar gadaxdas.
mosarCeles unda daevalos baJis damatebiT gadaxda,
magram gadauxdeloba ver daabrkolebs saqmis ganxil-
vas. sasamarTlo xarjebis da maT Soris damatebiT sa-
xelmwifo baJis gadaxdis mxareTa Soris ganawilebis sa-
kiTxi sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros Tavis gadawyve-
tilebaSi (249-e muxlis me-5 nawili). am gadawyvetile-
biT unda moxdes damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad
gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba, Tu mosarCele amcirebs Ta-
vis sasarCelo moTxovnas (42-e muxli).
_ mopasuxe, romelsac egzavneba sarCelis asli, yo-
velTvis emzadeba am sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. ami-
tom, mas unda ecnobos droulad Tu mosarCele cv-
lis sarCelis safuZvels an sagans, raTa mopasuxem SeZ-
los moemzados am Secvlili sarCelisagan Tavdacvi-
saTvis. kanonis am danawesis Seusrulebloba sasamar-
Tlos mxriv iqneboda mopasuxis mniSvnelovani sapro-
ceso uflebis darRveva, rac yovlad dauSvebelia.
3. 83-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu proce-
sis romel stadiaze SeuZlia mosarCeles sarCelis
safuZvlis an sagnis Secvla _ esaa saqmis winaswari
sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadia. am sta-
diaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZ-
veli an sagani ise, rom winaswar ar miiRos Tanxmoba mo-
pasuxisagan.
Tu sarCelis Secvlas mosarCele apirebs saqmis mTa-
var (zepir) sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin saWiroa mo-
pasuxis Tanxmoba aseT Secvlaze, ris Sesaxebac miTi-
Tebulia agreTve ssk 224-e muxlSi. Tu mopasuxe Tanax-
ma iqneba aseT Secvlaze, maSin mas SeuZlia moiTxovos
sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva droisaTvis, raTa
moemzados Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis.
magram Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs sxdomis gadadebas,
saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba.
154
4. rac Seeexeba mosarCelis uflebas gaadidos an Se-

amciros sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, magaliTad,
10000 laris nacvlad moiTxovos 20000 lari, an piri-
qiT, 5000 lari, agreTve moiTxovos erTi nivTis nacv-
lad meore nivTis mikuTvneba an am nivTis Rirebule-
bis anazRaureba (magaliTad, moiTxovda avtomanqanis
mikuTvnebas da SemdgomSi avtomanqana Secvala roia-
liT, an avtomanqanis Rirebulebis mikuTvnebiT) _ es
ar iqneba sarCelis sagnis Secvla. amitom, mosarCeles
es SeuZlia gaakeTos procesis nebismier stadiaze da
mopasuxis Tanxmoba amisaTvis saWiro araa.
sarCelis, kerZod, misi safuZvlis Secvlad ar Ca-
iTvleba agreTve sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis
dazusteba, dakonkreteba, damateba. es imas niSnavs,
rom sarCelis faqtobrivi safuZveli ucvleli rCeba,
xdeba mxolod am faqtobrivi safuZvlis dazusteba-
dakonkreteba an damateba axali faqtebiT, ise rom ar
icvleba sarCelis Tavdapirveli faqtobrivi safuZv-
lis azri da Sinaarsi.
muxli 831. mosarCelis mier

sarCelis gamoxmoba
1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs gamoixmos sar-

Celi ise, rom uari ar Tqvas Tavis moTx
ovnaze. sarCelis gamoxmoba saqmis mTavar
sxdomaze ganxilvis dros dasaSvebia mopa-
suxis TanxmobiT. Tu mopasuxe ar aris Tanaxma,
sasamarTlom unda ganixilos da gadawyvi-
tos saqme
2. Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs sarCe-
lis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gancxa
debas, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganux
ilvelad datovebisa da misi mosarCeli-
saTvis dabrunebis Taobaze, amasTanave,
mosarCeles daubrundeba mis mier gada-
xdili saxelmwifo baJi.„
155
1. 831 muxlis pirvelil nawili naTlad da garkveviT

ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan mosarCelis mier sar-
Celze uarisTqmas, romelsac ukavSirdeba seriozu-
li praqtikuli Sedegebi (ix.272-e muxlis „g“ qvepunq-
tis komentari) da mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamox-
mobas. sarCelis gamoxmoba niSnavs imas, rom mosarCele
uars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze (sasarCelo moTx-
ovnaze), aramed mas aRar surs am etapze mis mier Se-
motanili sarCelis ganxilva. kanoni ar moiTxovs mo-
sarCelisagan imis dasabuTebas (motivivrebas) Tu ra-
tom gadaifiqra mosarCelem sarCelis amJamad ganxil-
va. maSasadame, sasamarTlom ar unda moTxovos mas ase-
Ti dasabuTeba: ise rogorc sarCelis aRZvra sasamarT-
loSi, sarCelis gamoxmobac, anu ukan gamotana, dispoz-
iciurobis principis konkretuli gamovlinebaa.
amasTan erTad, ise rogorc yovelTvis, kanoni icavs
mopasuxis interesebs, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom Tu
sarCelis gamoxmoba xdeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze,
mopasuxis Tanxmoba araa saWiro, magram, Tu sarCelis
gamoxmobis Sesaxeb gancxadeba keTdeba sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze, maSin aucilebelia mopasuxis Tanx-
moba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mopasuxes surs erTxel
da samudamod gadawydes mis winaaRmdeg aRZruli sar-
Celis bedi da amitom araa Tanaxma ukan gaiTxovos sar-
Celi mosarCelem, romelsac SeuZlia SemdgomSi kvlav
aRZras igive sarCeli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras
mosarCeles sarCelis gamoxmobaze da ganixilos da
gadawyvitos es sarCeli arsebiTad. sarCelis gamox-
mobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
2. ganCineba sasamarTlos gamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic,
rodesac igi akmayofilebs mosarCelis gancxadebas
gamoxmobis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sar-
Cels ganuxilvelad tovebs da ukan ubrunebs mas am
sarCels, masze darTul dokumentebs, agreTve mosar-
Celis mier gadaxdil saxelmwifo baJs.
156
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (276-

e muxli).
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba imis gamo, rom
mosarCelem ukan gaiTxova sarCeli, uflebas ar arT-
mevs mas kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli.
muxli 84. arasaTanado mosarCelis

Secvla
1. sasamarTlo, romelic saqmis ganxilvis

dros daadgens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia ara
im piris mier, romelsac moTxovnis ufleba
aqvs, SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiT saqmis
Seuwyvetlad Secvalos Tavdapirveli mo-
sarCele saTanado mosarCeliT.
2. Tu aseTi Tanxmobis miuxedavad, saTa-
nado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Secvalos
arasaTanado mosarCele, sasamarTlo saqmis
warmoebas Sewyvets im motiviT, rom arasa-
Tanado mxarem uari Tqva mis mier aRZrul
sarCelze.
3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris
Tanaxma Seicvalos saTanado mosarCeliT,
es ukanaskneli SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi me-
same pirad, romelic ganacxadebs damouki-
debel moTxovnas davis saganze, ris Sesa-
xebac sasamarTlo acnobebs am pirs. Tu es
piri Tanaxmaa Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad,
sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars
etyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelze
misi dausabuTeblobis gamo, xolo mesame
pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCe-
lis mimarT sarCels daakmayofilebs saer-
To safuZvelze.
4. Tu mesame pirad saqmeSi Casabmelad
navaraudevi saTanado mosarCele uars it-
yvis Caebas am saqmeSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi
157
gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado

mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze.
1. es danawesi efuZneba saproceso ekonomiis prin-

cips. arasaTanado mosarCeled iTvleba iseTi piri, ro-
melsac ar aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. imis gasarkvevad,
aqvs Tu ara pirs, romelmac sarCeli aRZra, moTxovnis
ufleba, unda mivmarToT materialur samarTals. ma-
galiTad, nivTis ukan dabruneba mflobels SeiZleba
mosTxovos mesakuTrem (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 172-e
muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu vindikaciuri sarCeli,
e. i. sarCeli ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxo-
vis Sesaxeb, aRZra ara am nivTis mesakuTrem, aramed mis-
ma ojaxis wevrma, vTqvaT Svilma, maSin es Svili iqneba
arasaTanado mosarCele, radgan samoqalaqo kanonm-
deblobiT aseTi moTxovnis ufleba mesakuTres aqvs.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas garigebis baTilad cnobis moT-
xovnis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 81-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, `Tu piri garigebis
dadebis mizniT moatyues, igi uflebamosilia moiTxo-
vos am garigebis baTiloba~. cxadia, rom saTanado mo-
sarCele iqneba am SemTxvevaSi is piri, romelic moat-
yues, e. i. visTanac motyuebiT dades garigeba.
amrigad, aris Tu ara sarCelis aRmZvreli piri saTa-
nado mosarCele, ganisazRvreba materialur-samarT-
lebrivi normebis safuZvelze.
_ arasaTanado mosarCelisagan unda ganvasxvavoT
sarCelis aRZvraze arauflebamosili piri. ssk 93-e
muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saq-
me awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.
warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda gaformdes ka-
noniT gansazRvruli wesiT. Tu piri aRZravs sarCels
sxva piris uflebis dasacavad, magram misi warmomad-
genlobiTi uflebamosileba ar iqneba gaformebuli ka-
noniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli), maSin Cven saq-
me gvaqvs arauflebamosil pirTan.
amrigad, arasaTanado mosarCele _ esaa piri, romel-
158
mac aRZra sarCeli Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumca

ar aqvs am sarCeliT wamoyenebuli moTxovnis ufle-
ba, anu ar aqvs materialur-samarTlebrivi interesi
am saqmeSi. arauflebamosili piri _ esaa piri, romel-
mac aRZra sarCeli sxvisi uflebis dasacavad, magram
ar aqvs am sxva piris mier saTanado wesiT gaformebu-
li uflebamosileba. Tu sarCeli dainteresebuli pi-
ris saxeliT Seitana iseTma pirma, romelsac ar aqvs
uflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze, maSin sasamarTlo
ar miiRebs sarCels (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
`z~ qvepunqti).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sarCeli aRZrulia arasa-
Tanado mosarCelis mier, sasamarTlo uars ver etyvis
mas sarCelis miRebaze. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod
daayenos Tavisi iniciativiT sakiTxi arasaTanado mo-
sarCelis saTanadoTi Secvlis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa Seicvalos
saTanadoTi, es imas niSnavs, rom man uari Tqva mis mier
aRZrul sarCelze. amitom, Tu saTanado mosarCele ar
aris Tanaxma Secvalos arasaTanado mosarCele _ sa-
samarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewy-
vetis Sesaxeb (ssk 272-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqti).
magram Tu saTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa Secvalos
arasaTanado mosarCele, maSin saqmis warmoeba ar Sewy-
deba da sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas arasaTanado
mosarCelis saTanado mosarCeliT Secvlis Sesaxeb, ga-
nixilavs saqmes saTanado mosarCelis mimarT da gamoi-
tans gadawyvetilebas mis mimarT.
3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Seic-
valos saTanado mosarCeliT, maSin am saTanado mosar-
Celes SeuZlia Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damoukide-
beli moTxovniT. saTanado mosarCelis mesame pirad
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am ukanasknelis Tanxmobis Sem-
TxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. mesame pi-
rad saqmeSi Cabmul saTanado mosarCeles ar sWirdeba
sarCelis aRZvra, rogorc amas ssk 88-e muxli iTvalis-
winebs, radgan arasaTanado mosarCelis mier aRZruli
159
sarCeli ganixileba mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTa-

nado mosarCelis mimarTebidanac. sasamarTlo Tavisi
gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado mosarCe-
les sarCelis dakmayofilebaze im motiviT, rom mas ar
aqvs moTxovnis ufleba, xolo mesame pirad saqmeSi Cab-
muli saTanado mosarCelis mimarT sarCels daakmayo-
filebs saerTo safuZvelze.
muxli 85. arasaTanado mopasuxis

Secvla
Tu saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo daad-

gens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris
winaaRmdeg, romelmac pasuxi unda agos sar-
Celze, mas SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiT
Secvalos Tavdapirveli mopasuxe saTanado
mopasuxiT. Tu mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma
Tavdapirveli mopasuxis saTanado mopasu-
xiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawy-
vetilebiT uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCe-
lis dakmayofilebaze.
_ mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxa-

debiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mopasu-
xis dasaxelebis uflebamosileba da movaleobac mo-
sarCeles aqvs. es kargad Cans ssk 178-e muxlis Sinaar-
sidanac. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqtis Ta-
naxmad, sarCelSi aRniSnuli unda iyos mopasuxis gva-
ri, saxeli (saxelwodeba) da misamarTi, telefoni, faq-
si da a.S.
praqtikaSi zogjer adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs, rode-
sac sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRmdeg, romel-
mac pasuxi unda agos sarCelze. magaliTad, sarCeli va-
lis dabrunebis Sesaxeb aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRm-
deg, romelsac mosarCelem sesxis saxiT gadasca gark-
veuli Tanxa, aramed am msesxeblis mamis mimarT, sarCe-
li arasrulwlovani SviliSvilis rCenisaTvis aRZru-
160
lia papis (babuis) mimarT, maSin, rodesac mas SeuZlia

sarCo miiRos Tavisi mSoblebisagan, kerZod, mamisagan,
romelsac sakmao saxsrebi da kargi xelfasi aqvs da a. S.
_ sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs ar miiRos sarCeli im
motiviT, rom igi aRZrulia arasaTanado mopasuxis mi-
marT. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod daayenos sakiTxi
arasaTanado mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlis
Sesaxeb. aseTi Secvla SeiZleba moxdes mxolod mosar-
Celis TanxmobiT.
_ Tu mosarCele araa Tanaxma arasaTanado mopasu-
xis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo ganixi-
lavs saqmes da uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCelis dak-
mayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT.
_ arasaTanado mxaris (mosarCelis, mopasuxis) Sec-
vla mizanSewonilia moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadia-
ze, kerZod, mosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram, Tu arasa-
Tanado mxaris Secvlis sakiTxi wamoiWra sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze, maSin aseTi Secvla aq unda moxdes,
rasac SeiZleba saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis ga-
dadeba moyves .
erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma ga-
dawyvetileba im motiviT, rom zianis anazRaureba da-
ekisra pirs, romelic arc mosarCelis mier iyo dasaxe-
lebuli mopasuxed da arc sasamarTlos mier yofila
daSvebuli rogorc saTanado mopasuxe, nacvlad mo-
sarCelis mier dasaxelebuli arasaTanado mopasuxisa.
sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT sworad miiCnia, rom
uxeSadaa darRveuli ssk 85-e muxlis moTxovnebi, rad-
gan dauSvebelia saqmeSi damoukidebeli moTxovnis ga-
reSe mesame pirad Cabmul pirs daekisros zianis anaz-
Raureba, ise rom igi ar iyo CarTuli procesSi 85-e mux-
lis Sesabamisad.15
15
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #10, gv.479
161
T a v i X
saproceso Tanamonawileoba
muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis

safuZvlebi
1. sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes er-

Tad ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramde-
nime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, Tu:
a) sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo
ufleba;
b) sasarCelo moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs
erTi da imave safuZvlebidan;
g) sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania,
miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu ara
maTi safuZveli da sagani.
2. TiToeuli mosarCele an mopasuxe meo-
re mxaris mimarT procesSi gamodis damou-
kideblad.
1. Tanamonawileoba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac erTi mo-

sarCele aRZravs sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaR-
mdeg, ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs sarCels erTi mo-
pasuxis winaaRmdeg da ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs
sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. erT mxare-
ze monawile Tanamonawileebis interesebi ar SeiZleba
ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs, e. i. TanamosarCelee-
bis interesebi, iseve rogorc Tanamopasuxeebis inte-
resebi, ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs.
amiT Tanamonawileoba gansxvavdeba mesame pirisa-
gan, romelic aRZravs sarCels damoukidebeli moT-
xovniT davis saganze.
_ Tanamonawileobis mizania saqmis ganxilvisa da ga-
dawyvetis daCqareba, xarjebis Semcireba, erTmaneTis
sawinaaRmdego an Seusabamo gadawyvetilebaTa gamota-
nis Tavidan acileba.
162
am mizniT Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganxorciel-

des momzadebis stadiaze. kerZod, 182-e muxlis me-4
nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramde-
nime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic erTi da igive an sxva-
dasxva mxareebi monawileoben, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi calke
warmoebad, Tu amas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da swo-
rad ganxilva.
saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTianebis iniciativiT
SeiZleba gamovides mosamarTlec (sasamarTloc) im
TvalsazrisiT, rom urCios mxares daTanxmdes aseT ga-
erTianebaze.
_ Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba iyos savaldebulo da
fakultaturi (ara aucilebeli).
_ Tanamonawileoba savaldebuloa, Tu materia-
lur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, Se-
uZlebelia am urTierTobis yvela subieqtis monawi-
leobis gareSe saqmis ganxilva. magaliTad, saerTo sa-
kuTrebis uflebis („a“ qvepunqti) erT-erTma monawi-
lem moiTxova wilis gamoyofa. saqmeSi Cabmuli unda
iqnes yvela mesakuTre: yovelTvis, roca dava exeba sa-
ziaro sagans, saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnes saziaro uf-
lebis yvela mesakuTre; Tu saqme exeba binidan gamo-
saxlebas (binis gaTavisuflebas), maSin am saqmeSi Cab-
muli unda iqnen am binaSi mcxovrebi yvela piri da a. S.
savaldebulo Tanamonawileobisas, Tu yvela Tana-
monawile ar iqneba Cabmuli saqmeSi da sasamarTlo ise
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, maSin am gadawyvetilebis
aRsruleba ver moxerxdeba, radgan misi kanonieri Za-
la vrceldeba mxolod im pirebze, romlebic monawi-
leobdnen saqmeSi. amitom, Tu sarCeli araa aRZruli
saerTo uflebis yvela Tanamonawilis an saerTo val-
debulebis mqone yvela piris mimarT, maSin sasamarT-
lom unda Caabas isini saqmeSi Tavisi iniciativiT.
_ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeuZlia
Tu ara sasamarTlos savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis
163
dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, ro-

ca ar gamocxadda arcerTi Tanamonawile (Tanamosar-
Cele an Tanamopasuxe), an gamocxadda ara yvela, ara-
med erT-erTi maTgani.
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda arcerTi
Tanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), rom-
lebsac gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili we-
siT, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyveti-
lebas (229-e da 230-e muxlebi).
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda erT-erTi Ta-
namonawile, vTqvaT TanamosarCele, sasamarTlom un-
da gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi
gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT.
savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erT-erTi
Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamo-
nawilis gamocxadebas, Tu yvela Tanamonawiles gaeg-
zavna Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.
_ Tu arcerTi mxare, e. i. arcerTi TanamosarCele da
arcerTi Tanamopasuxe ar gamocxadda sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos (231-e muxli).
_ arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamonawile-
oba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos imiT, rom `sasarCelo
moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs erTi da imave safuZvlebi-
dan~ („b“ qvepunqti ), an kidev imiT, rom `sasarCelo moT-
xovnebi erTgvarovania, miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarova-
nia Tu ara maTi safuZveli da sagani“ („g“ qvepunqti).
magaliTad, Tu piris qonebas ziani miayena ramdeni-
me pirma, dazaralebuls SeuZlia sarCeli aRZras ro-
gorc calkeuli zianis mimyeneblis, ise yvelas mimarT
erTad. aseve, TiToeul muSa-mosamsaxures SeuZlia
cal-calke aRZras sarCeli administraciis mimarT
xelfasis miRebis Taobaze, magram maT SeuZliaT gaa-
erTianon TavianTi erTgvarovani moTxovnebi erT sar-
CelSi.
Tanamonawileoba aseT SemTxvevebSi gamarTlebulia
saqmis sworad da swrafad gadawyvetis interesebiT, ag-
reTve, saproceso ekonomiis principis moTxovnebiT.
164
ama Tu im konkretul SemTxvevaSi es mizani SeiZleba ver

iqnes realizebuli. maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ramde-
nime mosarCelis an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT ward-
genili moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos er-
Ti an ramdenime moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ Tanamonawileobisagan unda ganvasxvavoT ramde-
nime sasarCelo moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianeba
erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT. Tanamonawileoba _ es
aris sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, xolo ram-
denime moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianeba erTsa da
imave mopasuxis mimarT _ sarCelebis obieqturi ga-
erTianeba. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moT-
xovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdeni-
me moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi SeuZlia Tu ara sasa-
marTlos arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamona-
wileobis dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyve-
tileba, Tu ar gamocxadda arcerTi an gamocxadda mxo-
lod erT-erTi Tanamonawile.
aseTi Tanamonawileobis dros, Tu ar gamocxadda
erT mxareze monawile arcerTi Tanamonawile, sasamar-
Tlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-
ba yvela gamoucxadebel mxareTa sawinaaRmdegod (ssk
229-230-e muxlebi). magram, Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze
gamocxadda erT mxareze monawile mxolod erTi an ram-
denime Tanamonawile, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ga-
moitanos Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba mxolod gamoc-
xadebuli Tanamonawilis mimarT da dauswrebeli gadaw-
yvetileba gamoucxadebel TanamonawileTa mimarT.
_ arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros TiToe-
ul Tanamonawiles SeeZlo aReZra damoukidebeli sar-
Celi calke aRebuli mopasuxis mimarT. aqedan gamom-
dinare, arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erT-
erTi Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba ar niSnavs yvela
Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas. amitom, aseT SemTxve-
vaSi gamoucxadeblobas unda moyves is Sedegi, rasac
kanoni ukavSirebs mxaris gamoucxadeblobas saerTod.
165
2. procesSi TiToeuli Tanamonawilis damoukideb-

lad gamosvla imas niSnavs, rom mis mier ama Tu im sap-
roceso moqmedebis Seusruleblobas ar SeuZlia rai-
me ziani miayenos sxva Tanamonawiles an zegavlena mo-
axdinos sxva Tanamonawileebze. magaliTad, erTi Ta-
namonawilis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, an sarCelis
cnoba ar niSnavs sarCelze uaris Tqmas an sarCelis
cnobas sxva Tanamonawileebis mier.
sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas im mosarCe-
lis mimarT, romelmac uari Tqva sarCelze da sxvebis
mimarT gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas. aseve sasamarT-
lo daakmayofilebs sarCels im mopasuxis mimarT, ro-
melmac cno sarCeli, xolo sxvebis mimarT gaagrZelebs
saqmis ganxilvas.
muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso

uflebebi
1. Tanamonawileni sargebloben yvela im

saproceso uflebiT, romlebic am kodeqsis
Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxareebs.
2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis war-
moeba erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon, garda
im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac Tanamonawile aras-
rulwlovania, anda mas hyavs meurve an
mzrunveli.
3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi Ta-
namonawilisaTvis unda gaformdes 96-e mux-
liT dadgenili wesiT.
1. Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasu-

xeebi) arian mxareebi, romlebic icaven TavianT ufle-
bebs da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul interesebs. amitom,
isini sargebloben yvela im uflebiT, ra uflebebic
aqvT mxareebs (ssk 83-e muxli).
2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba sasa-
marTloSi erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon. aseT Sem-
166
TxvevaSi Tanamonawile or funqcias asrulebs: is aris

mxare, romelic icavs Tavis uflebebs da, imavdrou-
lad is aris warmomadgeneli sxva Tanamonawileebisa.
am ori funqciis (mxare, warmomadgeneli) SeTavseba da-
saSvebia mxolod Tanamonawileobis dros.
3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi Tanamonawi-
lisaTvis aucileblad unda gaformdes kanoniT dad-
genili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli). magaliTad, moqalaqeTa
mier gacemuli mindobiloba unda damowmdes sanota-
ro wesiT an im organizaciis mier, sadac muSaobs an swav-
lobs marwmunebeli.
Tanamonawiles, romelsac mindobili aqvs saqmis
warmoeba sxva Tanamonawileebis mier, Tavis mxriv, ar
ekrZaleba aiyvanos advokati.
_ mcdaria da ar Seesabameba kanons iseTi praqtika,
rodesac TanamonawileTa warmomadgenlad daSvebis sa-
kiTxs am warmomadgenlis sityvieri gancxadebis safuZ-
velze wyvets sasamarTlo.
167
T a v i XI
mesame pirebi
muxli 88. mesame pirebi

damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovniT
1. TiToeul dainteresebul pirs, romel-
ic acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis
saganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia aRZras
sarCeli orive an erT-erTi mxaris mimarT
mxareTa paeqrobis dawyebamde (mesame pire-
bi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT).
mesame piris sarCelis miReba da ganxilva
warmoebs saerTo wesebis dacviT. mesame
pirisa da Tavdapirveli mosarCelis sarCe-
lis gadawyveta xdeba erTdroulad.
2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCe-
lo moTxovniT sargebloben mosarCelis yve-
la uflebiT da maT ekisrebaT misi yvela
movaleoba.
1. zogjer samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesi

rTuldeba imis gamo rom procesSi Semodis piri, rom-
lis interesebi ar emTxveva arc mosarCelisa da arc
mopasuxis interesebs.
amrigad, mesame piri es iseTi piria, romelic Se-
modis mxareTa Soris ukve dawyebul procesSi Tavi-
si sakuTari uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad,
romlebic aramarto ar emTxveva, aramed piriqiT, ewi-
naaRmdegeba kidec mxareebis (mosarCelis, mopasuxis)
interesebs. swored amitom, isini ar SeiZleba Caeban
procesSi Tanamonawileebad (ssk 86-e muxli).
_ mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT sasa-
marTlos unda mimarTon sarCeliT. imisaTvis, rom sa-
samarTlom miiRos da ganixilos es sarCeli, is unda
168
akmayofilebdes yvela im moTxovnas, rac waeyeneba

sarCelebs saerTod (ssk 178-e muxli).
amave dros, mesame piris sarCels waeyeneba dama-
tebiTi moTxovnebi, kerZod, igi mimarTuli unda iyos
davis saganze an mis nawilze.
_ mesame piris sarCelis aRZvra da miReba warmoebs
im wesebis dacviT, romlebiTac gaTvaliswinebulia sa-
erTod sarCelebis miReba (ssk177-187-e muxlebi). ga-
monaklisi am wesebidan SeiZleba iyos gansjadoba: me-
same pirs SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli damoukidebeli moT-
xovniT davis saganze im sasamarTloSi, sadac es dava
ganixileba.
aqedan gamomdinare, mesame pirad damoukidebeli
moTxovniT ver CaiTvleba iseTi piri, romelic sasa-
marTlom CaTvala aseTad am piris zepiri Tu werilo-
biTi Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze da am piris mier sar-
Celis aRZvris gareSe.
_ mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxov-
niT SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli mxareTa paeqrobis daw-
yebamde.
cxadia, mesame piris mier sarCelis aRZvra gamoiw-
vevs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebasa da mis gaWianurebas,
magram aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mesame
pirma SeiZleba dagvianebiT Seityos sasamarTloSi
mimdinare davisa da am davis sagnis Sesaxeb, magram, Tu
piri ama Tu im statusiT (vTqvaT, mesame pirad damou-
kidebeli moTxovnis gareSe), monawileobs saqmis gan-
xilvaSi, romelic isedac TveobiT Wianurdeba da bo-
los, maSin rodesac saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilva
mTavrdeba da sasamarTlo unda gavides gadawyvetile-
bis gamosatanad, Tu igi warudgens sasamarTlos sar-
Cels damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze, unda
miiRos Tu ara sasamarTlom sarCeli aseTi mesame pi-
risgan?
sasamarTlo mowodebulia ebrZolos arakeTil-
sindisierebas da saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis
mcdelobas, _ visganac ar unda momdinareobdes igi,
169
miT umetes, rom mesame pirs SeuZlia aRZras damouki-

debeli sarCeli sxva dros da wina procesSi monawile
nebismieri mxaris winaaRmdeg..
_ saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebi mowode-
bulni arian ganixilon saCivrebi. amasTan erTad, isini
amowmeben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebebs, Sesabami-
sad, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk
377-e da 404-e muxlebi).
amrigad, aRniSnuli sasamarTloebi ganixilaven sa-
Civrebs gadawyvetilebebze, romlebic gamotanilia
qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier iq aRZrul
sarCelebze (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi) da ara sarCe-
lebs. mesame piris sarCeli damoukidebeli moTxovniT
aris Cveulebrivi sarCeli da aseTi sarCeliT saape-
lacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi mimarTva dauSve-
belia.
2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxov-
niT arian igive mosarCeleebi da isini sargebloben yve-
la im uflebebiT, ra uflebiTac sargebloben mosar-
Celeebi saerTod (ssk 83-e muxli).
muxli 89. mesame pirebi

damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovnis gareSe
yovel dainteresebul pirs, romelic ar
acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis sa-
ganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia mimarTos
sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi
saqmeSi mesame pirad mosarCelis an mopasu-
xis mxareze, radgan sasamarTlo gadawyve-
tilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia SemdgomSi gav-
lena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da movale-
obebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT. mesame pi-
rad daSvebis sakiTxs mxareTa mosazrebe-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT wyvets sasamarTlo.
170
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli sa-

xelmwifo qonebis marTvis organoebis, meriebis, gam-
geobebis, sxvadasxva inspeqciebis, notariusebis da a.
S. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi damoukidebeli moT-
xovnis gareSe mesame pirebad Cabma. xSiria SemTxveve-
bi, rodesac sasamarTloebis mier ar aris dasabuTebu-
li da motivirebuli, is Tu romeli mxaris dasaxmareb-
lad Caebnen aRniSnuli subieqtebi procesSi an ra mo-
sazrebiT da romeli kanoniT xelmZRvanelobda sasa-
marTlo, maTi saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamo-
tanisas
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebad
saqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom un-
da ixelmZRvanelos ssk 89-e muxlis moTxovnebiT, rom-
lis Tanaxmad, aseTi mesame pirebis Cabma saqmeSi da-
saSvebia, Tu maT gaaCniaT iuridiuli interesi, e. i.
Tu `sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia
SemdgomSi gavlena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da mova-
leobebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT~.
_ sasamarTlom TviTon unda ganWvritos, aqvs Tu ara
aseT mesame pirs iuridiuli interesi, e. i. moaxdens
Tu ara am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba gavle-
nas mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze èrT-erTi mxaris
mimarT~.
am saqmeSi sasamarTlos daexmareba kanonic. magali-
Tad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 706-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu
tvirTis dakargvis an dazianebis gamo zianis anazRau-
reba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, maSin mas SeuZ-
lia aRZras regresuli (ukumoTxovnis) sarCeli sxva ga-
damzidvelebis mimarT. rogorc vxedavT, aseT saqme-
ze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas, romliTac zianis anaz-
Raureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, SeuZlia gav-
lena moaxdinos sxva gadamzidvelis movaleobebze,
kerZod, aunazRauros wagebul gadamzidvels is, rac
mas daekisra mosarCelis sasargeblod, amitom, es `sxva
gadamzidveli~ dainteresebulia Caebas procesSi me-
same pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, raTa da-
171
exmaros gadamzidvels moigos procesi, riTac Tavidan

aicdens mis winaaRmdeg regresuli sarCelis aRZvras.
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli (wi-
naswargadamwyveti) Zala sxva sarCelebis ganxilvisas
ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Cabmuli iyo Tu ara mesa-
me piri saqmis ganxilvaSi.
amitom, damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pi-
ris saqmeSi CabmiT dainteresebuli unda iyos rogorc
uSualod mxare, ise mis mxareze monawile mesame piri.
_ regresuli moTxovnis wayenebis saSiSroeba, mar-
Talia, mesame pirisaTvis aris iuridiuli interesis
warmoSobis ZiriTadi, magram ara erTaderTi safuZve-
li.
magaliTad, praqtika dasaSvebad Tvlis da vfiqrobT
gamarTlebulia saqmeSi mesame pirad im bavSvis mSob-
lis Cabma, romelic adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis
safuZvelze iRebs aliments, radgan am mSoblis sxva
qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis sasargeblod alimen-
tis gadaxdevinebis dakisrebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios
pirveli gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvruli alimentis
odenobis Semcireba.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mesame pire-
bi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe da Tanamonawi-
leebi. Tanamonawileobis kanoniT gansazRvruli sa-
fuZvlebi iseTia, rom Tanamonawileebi yovelTvis upi-
rispirdebian erTmaneTs _ TanamosarCleebi Tanamopa-
suxeebs da piriqiT. rac SeexebaT mesame pirebs damou-
kidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, isini materialur-samar-
Tlebriv urTierTobaSi arian mxolod im pirTan, rom-
lis mxarezec gamodian procesSi da aranairi samarT-
lebrivi urTierToba mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan ar akav-
SirebT.
_ mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe Se-
iZleba iyos rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli piri.
172
muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSi

erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT
1. mesame piri damoukidebeli sasarCelo

moTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba Cabmul iqnes
erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT, risTvisac igi
mimarTavs sasamarTlos motivirebuli gan-
cxadebiT. aseTi gancxadeba sasamarTlo ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotanamde SeiZleba ga-
keTdes rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri
formiT. zepiri gancxadeba Seitaneba sasa-
marTlo sxdomis oqmSi. mxareTa mosazre-
bebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo gamoi-
tans ganCinebas mesame piris saqmeSi mona-
wileobisaTvis Cabmis an aseT Cabmaze ua-
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmaze uaris Se-
saxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba gasaCivrdeba
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
1. mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe Se-

iZleba Cabmuli iqnes saqmeSi rogorc uSualod am me-
same piris (ssk 89-e muxli), ise mosarCelis, mopasuxis,
damoukidebeli moTxovnis mqone mesame piris inicia-
tiviT.
_ sasamarTlos iniciativiT aseTi mesame pirebis saq-
meSi Cabmas moqmedi ssk ar iTvaliswinebs, magram sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadi-
aze winadadeba misces mxareebs droulad ganacxadon
Tu vin SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damouki-
debeli moTxovnis gareSe (ssk 201-e da 203-e muxlebi).
_ gancxadeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe me-
same piris saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, imis da miuxedavad
werilobiTi Tu zepiri formiTaa igi wardgenili, unda
iyos motivirebuli, e. i. miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZ-
veli, ris gamoc ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs mesame piris
saqmeSi Cabmas. es imas niSnavs, rom masSi miTiTebuli
173
unda iyos Tu konkretulad ra gavlena SeiZleba moax-

dinos mesame piris uflebebze da movaleobebze am saq-
meze gamotanilma gadawyvetilebam (ssk 89-e muxli). sa-
samarTlom ar unda dauSvas mesame piris procesSi
Cabma saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saq-
meSi Cabmis sakiTxze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas
iRebs mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswineba SeiZleba mox-
des Semdegnairad: Tu gancxadeba mesame piris saqmeSi
Cabmis Sesaxeb Semotanilia am saqmis momzadebis sta-
diaze, maSin es gancxadeba gadaegzavneba mxares (mxa-
reebs), romelsac daeniSneba Sesabamisi vada am sakiTx-
ze misi werilobiTi mosazrebis wardgenisaTvis. mxa-
ris mier am vadaSi werilobiTi mosazrebis warudgen-
loba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos mier konkretul
sakiTxis gadawyvetas. Tu gancxadeba Semotanilia sa-
samarTlo sxdomaze, maSin mxareTa mosazrebebis mos-
mena xdeba imave sxdomaze.
2. damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivi-
rebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, ag-
reTve, Tu vis (mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis) mxareze xde-
ba mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma.
aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saq-
meSi Cabmaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
motivirebuli ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba gasa-
Civrdes gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
damoukideblad imisa, mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis
mxareze xdeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesa-
me piris saqmeSi Cabma, yovlad dauSvebelia gadawyve-
tileba mosarCelis nacvlad am mesame piris sasargeb-
lod iqnes gamotanili, an mas daekisros pasuxismgeb-
loba mopasuxis nacvlad. amitom, principuli mniSv-
neloba aqvs sakasacio sasamarTlos miTiTebas erT-
erT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom piri ar yofila Cabmuli
174
saqmeSi mopasuxed, xolo gadawyvetilebiT igi mopasu-

xed iqna miCneuli riTac uxeSad dairRva am piris uf-
lebebi, ris gamoc gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes.16
muxli 91. mesame pirebis saproceso

uflebebi
mesame pirebi, romlebic ar acxadeben da-
moukidebel moTxovnebs davis saganze, sar-
gebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiT
da maT ekisrebaT mxareTa saproceso mova-
leobebi, garda uflebisa, gaadidon an Se-
amciron sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, Sec-
valon sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, cnon
sarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCelze an morigd-
nen, aRZran Segebebuli sarCeli, moiTxo-
von sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis iZulebi-
Ti aRsruleba.
mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe sar-

gebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiT, romlebic Ca-
moTvlilia ssk 83-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
amasTan erTad, ssk 91-e muxli Seicavs mxaris im ufle-
bamosilebaTa CamonaTvals, romlebiTac ver isargeb-
lebs mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe.
aseT mesame pirs ar SeuZlia, agreTve, gaasaCivros sa-
samarTlos gadawyvetilebebi saapelacio an sakasacio
wesiT (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi). agreTve Seitanos
kerZo saCivari (ssk 414-e muxli).
muxli 92. saproceso

uflebamonacvleoba
1. sadavo an sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-

biT dadgenili samarTlebrivi urTierTo-
16
ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #10, 2000, gv. 478-479.
175
bidan erT-erTi mxaris gasvlis SemTxvevaSi

(moqalaqis gardacvaleba, iuridiuli pi-
ris reorganizacia, moTxovnis daTmoba, va-
lis gadacema da sxva) sasamarTlo dauS-
vebs am mxaris Secvlas misi uflebamonac-
vliT. uflebamonacvleoba SesaZlebelia
procesis yovel stadiaze.
2. uflebamonacvlisaTvis procesSi mis
daSvebamde Sesasrulebeli yvela moqmede-
ba savaldebuloa im odenobiT, rac saval-
debulo iqneboda im pirisaTvis, romelic
man Secvala.
3. uflebamonacvleobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas 279-e
muxlis Sesabamisad.
4. uflebamonacvliT Secvlis an aseT Secv-
laze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-
1. uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia ara saqmidan

erT-erTi mxaris gasvla (magaliTad, arasaTanado mxa-
re gavida saqmidan da mis nacvlad Semovida saTanado
mxare), aramed samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan erT-
erTi mxaris gasvla.
_ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvlebi (anu
sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gasvlis SemT-
xvevebi) miTiTebulia ssk 92-e muxlSi. aseTi safuZv-
lebia:
a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba. magaliTad, sk 1306-e
muxlis Tanaxmad, gardacvlili piris qonebis gadasv-
la sxva pirebze xorcieldeba kanoniT an anderZiT.
b) iuridiuli piris reorganizacia. iuridiuli
piris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa, ga-
moyofa, gardaqmna) gaTvaliswinebulia `mewarmeTa Se-
saxeb~ kanonis me-14 muxliTa da sk 39-e muxliT.
g) moTxovnis daTmoba. gaTvaliswinebulia sk 199-e
muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad, garkveuli pirobebis arse-
176
bobisas moTxovnis mflobels (kreditors) SeuZlia

moTxovna mesame pirs dauTmos. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tav-
dapirveli mflobelis adgils ikavebs is piri, romel-
sac moTxovna dauTmes.
Sesabamisad, saproceso uflebamonacvlis adgils,
nacvlad Tavdapirveli mflobel-mosarClisa, daika-
vebs piri, romelsac am Tavdapirvelma mflobel-mo-
sarClem dauTmo moTxovna.
d) valis gadacema. valis gadacema (gadakisreba)
gaTvaliswinebulia sk 203-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad,
moTxovnis mflobelTan dadebuli xelSekrulebiT va-
li SeiZleba Tavis Tavze aiRos mesame pirmac. aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi piri, romelmac Tavis Tavze aiRo vali, daika-
vebs Tavdapirveli movalis adgils. es imas niSnavs, rom
Tu Tavdapirveli movale gvevlineba saqmeSi mopasu-
xed, valis gadakisrebis SemTxvevaSi mis saproceso uf-
lebamonacvled mogvevlineba piri, romelsac gadaeca
(gadaekisra) vali.
es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. magaliTad, ufle-
bamonacvleobis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas sa-
davo nivTis gasxvisebis (gayidvis) SemTxvevaSi.
_ uflebamonacvleoba gansxvavdeba procesSi ara-
saTanado mxaris Secvlisagan: arasaTanado mxare _ es
iseTi piria, romelic ar aris sadavo samarTlebrivi
urTierTobis subieqti. amitom, mas ara aqvs moTxov-
nis ufleba, agreTve man ar unda agos pasuxi mis mimarT
aRZrul moTxovnaze. uflebamonacvleobis dros ki pi-
riqiT xdeba: Tavdapirveli mxare iyo saTanado mxare,
radgan igi iyo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqti
da mxolod imis Sedegad, rom misi adgili am samarT-
lebriv urTierTobaSi daikava (kanoniT dadgenili sa-
fuZvlebiTa da wesiT) sxva pirma, Sesabamisad, es sxva
piri ikavebs mis adgils samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoe-
baSi (saproceso uflebamonacvleoba).
_ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia uf-
lebamonacvleoba materialur samarTalSi, rode-
sac materialuri samarTlis normebis mixedviT, dasaS-
177
vebia samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi uflebebisa da mo-

valeobebis subieqtebis Secvla, rodesac axali subi-
eqti mTlianad an nawilobriv iRebs Tavis Tavze Tavi-
si winamorbedis uflebebs an movaleobebs.
Tu uflebamonacvleoba materialuri samarT-
lis mixedviT dauSvebelia, maSin dauSvebelia sap-
roceso uflebamonacvleobac. magaliTad, Tu gar-
daicvala piri, romelic samuSaoze aRdgenas moiTxov-
da, saqmis warmoeba Sewydeba, radgan dauSvebelia am
uflebis sxva pirze gadasvla. aseve, dauSvebelia ali-
mentis gadaxdevinebis uflebis gadasvla sxva pirze
da a. S. magaliTad, sk 453-e muxlis Tanaxmad, movalis
gardacvaleba iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Ses-
ruleba SeuZlebelia misi piradi monawileobis gare-
Se. aseve, kreditoris gardacvalebac iwvevs valdebu-
lebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo
piradad kreditorisaTvis.
_ saproceso uflebamonacvleoba dasaSvebia pro-
cesis nebismier stadiaze, kerZod:
a) sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan gadawyvetilebis
gamotanamde;
b) gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis kanonier Zala-
Si Sesvlamde;
g) gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan mis
aRsrulebamde.
2. uflebamonacvles ar SeuZlia moiTxovos im sap-
roceso moqmedebis xelmeored (ganmeorebiT) Sesru-
leba, romelic misma winamorbedma Seasrula. magali-
Tad, mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos mowmeTa ganmeorebiT
gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva, agreTve, saproceso vadis Ta-
vidan aTvla, Tu es vada gaSvebuli iyo jer kidev misi
winamorbedis sicocxleSi an iuridiuli piris reorga-
nizaciamde. magaliTad, Tu uflebamonacvleoba war-
moiSva gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Sem-
deg, e. i. winamorbedis gardacvalebamde an iuridiuli
piris reorganizaciamde, maSin uflebamonacvles ar
SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba, magram, Tu uf-
178
lebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamota-

nisTanave, magram mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, uf-
lebamonacvles SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetile-
ba (ganCineba).
_ uflebamonacvlis winamorbedis mier Sesrulebu-
li yvela saproceso moqmedeba iTvleba Sesrulebu-
lad uflebamonacvlis mier. magaliTad, Tu misma wina-
morbedma Secvala sarCelis sagani da nacvlad mopasu-
xis binidan gamosaxlebisa, misgan moiTxova binis qiris
gadaxda, uflebamonacvle ver ityvis uars aseT Secv-
laze, magram, Tu mis winamorbeds aqvs ufleba uari
Tqvas mis mier Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebaze,
maSin aseTive ufleba aqvs uflebamonacvlesac. maga-
liTad, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia uari Tqvas winamor-
bedis mier Setanil saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivarze,
radgan winamorbedsac hqonda aseTi ufleba (ssk 378-e
muxli).
3. Tu uflebamonacvleobis aucilebloba warmoiS-
va gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde(saqmis pirvel, saape-
lacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi ganxilvis dros), ma-
Sin sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (ssk
279-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti), ris Sesaxebac sasamarT-
los gamoaqvs ganCineba. am ganCinebaSi sasamarTlom un-
da miuTiTos, rom saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia ufle-
bamonacvlis dadgenamde, magram uflebamonacvlis
dadgeniT yovelTvis ver moxdeba SeCerebuli saqmis
ganaxleba.
_ kerZod, Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mosarCelis ufleba-
monacvles, maSin man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos gan-
cxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi saqmeSi rogorc mosarCe-
lis uflebamonacvle. manve unda warudginos sasamar-
Tlos uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli mtkice-
bulebebi (samkvidro mowmoba, moTxovnis daTmobis Se-
saxeb xelSekruleba, valis gadakisrebis Sesaxeb xel-
Sekruleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis damadas-
turebeli dokumentebi da a. S).
_ Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mopasuxes, maSin mosarCelem
179
an TviTon mopasuxis uflebamonacvlem unda mimarTos

sasamarTlos Sesabamisi gancxadebiT. maT sasamarTlos
unda warudginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasture-
beli sabuTebi. Tu mosarCelis mier dasaxelebuli mo-
pasuxis uflebamonacvle uaryofs Tavis uflebamonac-
vleobas, man es uaryofa unda daadasturos.
_ apelantis Tu kasatoris uflebamonacvlis dasa-
xelebiT da SeCerebuli saapelacio Tu sakasacio war-
moebis ganaxlebiT SeiZleba dainteresebuli iyos mo-
winaaRmdege (saapelacio Tu sakasacio mopasuxe) mxa-
rec. magaliTad, mosarCelem moigo procesi da mas mie-
kuTvna is sikeTe, rasac moiTxovda (raime nivTi, fu-
ladi Tanxa, binaSi Sesaxleba da a. S.). mopasuxem Seita-
na saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, magram sanam sasa-
marTlo am saCivars ganixilavda, apelanti (kasatori)
gardaicvala. imis gamo, rom am SemTxvevaSi saCivari
aris faqtobrivad da iuridiulad sruliad uperspeq-
tivo, apelantis (kasatoris) uflebamonacvle saer-
Tod ar aris dainteresebuli ganaxldes saqmis ganxil-
va. is mxolod cdilobs, rom gaWianurdes am saqmis sa-
boloo gadawyveta. mowinaaRmdege mxare ki piriqiT _
dainteresebulia am saqmis ganxilviTa da gadawyveti-
lebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvliT. amitom, apelantis Tu
kasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxare TviTon atyobinebs sa-
apelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTlos, rom man ganaaxlos
SeCerebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) warmoeba, vinaidan
ukve gamovlinda uflebamonacvle.
_ Tu uflebamonacvled gvevlineba ramdenime pi-
ri, maSin yoveli maTgani unda iqnen saqmeSi Cabmuli.
_ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis Semdeg, sasamarTlom
unda ganaaxlos saqme, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvs ganCi-
neba. man unda acnobos uflebamonacvles saqmis gan-
xilvis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos im Sedegebze, rac SeiZle-
ba moyves mis gamoucxadeblobas.
_ SeCerebuli saqmis ganaxlebis Semdeg, saqmis gan-
xilva Tavidan ar daiwyeba, aramed gagrZeldeba im
etapidan, romel etapzec SeCerda misi warmoeba.
180
_ gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala vrceldeba uf-

lebamonacvleze, magram Tu uflebamonacvleoba war-
moiSva am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg _ aRsrulebis stadiaze, maSin es sakiTxi SeiZ-
leba mogvardes gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis wesiT
(ssk 262-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvleobis dadgenamde saqmis warmoe-
bis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze SeiZle-
ba kerZo saCivris Setana (ssk 282-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis gamo saqmis warmoe-
bis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze kerZo
saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas ulebamonacv-
liT mxaris Secvlaze an aseT Secvlaze uarisTqmis
Sesaxeb - masze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
181
T a v i XII
warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi
muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba

warmomadgenlis meSveobiT
1. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon

sasamarTloSi piradad, xolo iuridiul pi-
rebs an sxva organizaciebs _ im Tanamdebo-
bis piris meSveobiT, romelsac wesdebiT an
debulebiT SeuZlia am iuridiuli pirisa
Tu organizaciis saxeliT imoqmedos.
2. mxareebs SeuZliaT agreTve saqme awar-
moon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveo-
biT. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSve-
obiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxareebs TviTo-
nac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi.
1. ssk 93-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia

principi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme
awarmoon sasamarTloSi piradad anu warmomadgenlis
gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs warmo-
madgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoebis savaldebu-
lobas.
fizikuri piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes, Tu mas ar
hyavs warmomadgeneli.
aseve, iuridiuli piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes,
rodesac saqmes awarmoebs kanoniT an wesdebiT am iu-
ridiuli piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT
aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri. magaliTad, mewarmeTa
Sesaxeb kanonis 56.3-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `saaqcio sazo-
gadoebas sasamarTloSi da sxva urTierTobebSi warmo-
adgenen direqtorebi~. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTx-
vevebSi iTvleba, rom iuridiuli pirebi (kanoniT gaT-
valiswinebul SemTxvevebSi sxva organizaciebic) sa-
182
samarTloSi saqmes awarmoeben piradad warmomadgen-

lis gareSe.
2. ssk 93-e muxlis meore nawiliT ganmtkicebulia
principi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme
awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.
_ warmomadgeneli _ es aris piri, romelic marw-
muneblis saxeliT da misi interesebis Sesabamisad
asrulebs sasamarTloSi yvela im saproceso moqme-
debas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da marw-
muneblis mier gacemuli mindobilobiT.
_ warmomadgenloba daiSveba uklebliv yvela saq-
meze, romelic sasamarTlos eqvemdebareba uwyebri-
vad, agreTve, yvela saxis (sasarCelo, gamartivebuli,
udavo) samarTalwarmoebis da administraciul-samar-
Tlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis gan-
xilvisas.
_ warmomadgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoeba SeuZ-
liaT mxareebs _ mosarCeles, mopasuxes, mesame pirs
damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve, mesame pirs da-
moukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe.
mxareebSi igulisxmeba ara marto fizikuri, aramed
iuridiuli pirebi da organizaciebi, romlebic Tumca
ar arian iuridiuli pirebi, magram kanoniT gaTvalis-
winebul SemTxvevebSi SeuZliaT gamovidnen mxareebad
procesSi (ssk 79-e muxli).
aqedan gamomdinare, iTvleba, rom iuridiuli piri
mxolod maSin awarmoebs saqmes warmomadgenlis meSve-
obiT, rodesac am iuridiuli piris mindobilobiT saq-
mis warmoeba mindobili aqvs advokats an sxva pirs (ma-
galiTad, organizaciis TanamSromels), romelsac Se-
uZlia ssk 94-e muxlis Tanaxmad awarmoos sxvisi saqme
sasamarTloSi (ssk 94-e muxli).
183
muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba

iyvnen warmomadgenlebad
sasamarTloSi
sasamarTloSi mxareebis warmomadgenle-

bad SeiZleba iyvnen:
a) advokatebi;
b) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos,
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an
mmarTvelobis organos, organizaciebis
TanamSromlebi - am organoebisa da orga-
nizaciebis saqmeebze;
g) erT-erTi Tanamonawile danarCen Tana-
monawileTa davalebiT;
d) sxva qmedunariani pirebi - mxolod
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.
1. ssk 94-e muxli Seicavs im pirTa CamonaTvals, rom-

lebic SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad sasamar-
TloSi. aqedan gamomdinare, yvelaferi, rac warmomad-
genlis uflebamosilebis moculobas gansazRvravs,
mTlianad vrceldeba am muxlSi CamoTvlil nebismier
warmomadgenelze (ssk 98-e muxli).
_ advokatebad iwodebian pirebi, romlebic gawev-
rianebuli arian advokatTa asociaciaSi, Seyvanili ari-
an advokatTa erTian siaSi, dadebuli aqvT fici advo-
katTa asociaciis aRmasrulebeli sabWos winaSe da mi-
Rebuli aqvT saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis dama-
dasturebeli mowmoba (àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-
los kanonis me-13 muxli).
_ organizaciebis warmomadgenlebad xSirad ga-
modian am organizaciebis iuristebi, Tumca aseT war-
momadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides organizaciis nebis-
mieri TanamSromeli. organizaciis warmomadgenlobi-
Ti uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piris-
gan gansxvavebiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, direqtori an
erT-erTi damfuZnebeli partniori da a. S. (ssk 93-e mux-
184
li), organizaciis TanamSromlebs sWirdebaT mindobi-

loba, romelic damowmebuli unda iyos am organizaci-
is warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili
piris an organos mier (ssk 96-e muxli).
_ Tanamonawile SeiZleba iyos sxva TanamonawileTa
warmomadgeneli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs
am sxva (danarCen) TanamonawileTa Tanxmoba amis Sesa-
xeb (ssk 86-e muxli), rac gaformebuli da dadasture-
bulia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli).
_ fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlad
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovides
nebismieri qmedunariani piri. garda qmedunarianobi-
sa, aq raime sxva moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
es imas niSnavs, rom ar moiTxoveba umaRlesi iuridiu-
li ganaTlebac ki, rac esoden aucilebelia marwmuneb-
lis kanonieri interesebis warmatebulad dacvisaT-
vis.
qmedunarianad iTvleba yoveli piri, romelic ka-
noniT dadgenili wesiT aRiarebuli ar aris qmeduuna-
rod sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyve-
tilebiT (ssk 322 da 326-e muxlebi).
_ amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar dauS-
vas piri warmomadgenlad, Tu miiCnevs, rom mas ar
gaaCnia sakmarisi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom daicvas
mxaris uflebebi (ssk 97-e muxli). aseT `sakmaris mo-
nacemebSi,~ sxvadasxva garemoebebTan erTad, igulis-
xmeba, agreTve, warmomadgenlad arCeuli piris fsi-
qikuri mdgomareoba, romelic marTalia ar aris aRia-
rebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSka-
raa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas da
ar Seswevs unari gaiTvaliswinos am moqmedebis SesaZ-
lo Sedegebi.
185
muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic ar

SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad
sasamarTloSi
sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlebad ar Se-

iZleba iyvnen mosamarTle, gamomZiebeli da
prokurori, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac
isini procesSi gamodian mSoblebad (mSvi-
leblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad an
Sesabamisi organos warmomadgenlebad.
_ es muxli Seicavs im pirTa amomwurav CamonaTvals,

romlebic ar SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad
sasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenlisa da
mosamarTlis, warmomadgenlisa da prokuroris, agreT-
ve, warmomadgenlisa da gamomZieblis funqciebis Se-
Tavseba ar SeiZleba.
_ es muxli aseve amomwuravad gansazRvravs iseT Sem-
Txvevebs, rodesac masSi CamoTvlili pirebi SeiZleba,
rogorc gamonaklisi, gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad.
kerZod, mosamarTle SeiZleba gamovides Tavisi sasa-
marTlos warmomadgenlad, roca es sasamarTlo pro-
cesSi gamodis mxared, prokurori an gamomZiebeli Se-
iZleba gamovides Tavisi prokuraturis an momkvlevi
organos warmomadgenlad, roca es prokuratura an
momkvlevi organo procesSi gamodis mxared.
_ kanonier warmomadgenlebad, e. i. mSoblebad (mSvi-
leblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad, aRniSnuli pi-
rebi SeiZleba gamovidnen nebismier SemTxvevaSi.
_ mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis warmo-
madgenlad ardaSvebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 96. warmomadgenlis

uflebamosilebis gaformeba
1. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda
186
Camoyalibdes kanonis Sesabamisad gacemul

da gaformebul mindobilobaSi. moqalaqe-
Ta mier gacemuli mindobilobebi unda da-
mowmdes sanotaro wesiT an im organizaci-
is mier, sadac muSaobs an swavlobs marw-
munebeli, stacionaruli samkurnalo da-
wesebulebis administraciis mier, sadac mo-
qalaqe samkurnalod imyofeba, Sesabamisi
samxedro nawilis mier, Tu mindobilobas
samxedro mosamsaxure gascems. sapatimroSi
myofi piris mier gacemul mindobilobas
daamowmebs Sesabamisi sapatimro adgilis
administracia.
2. mindobilobas organizaciis saxeliT
gascems Sesabamisi organizaciis xelmZRva-
neli an sxva uflebamosili piri.
3. advokatis uflebamosileba dastur-
deba „advokatTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kano-
niT dadgenili wesiT.
ssk 96-e muxli kategoriulad moiTxovs warmomad-

genlis uflebamosilebis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ga-
formebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu warmomadgenlis uf-
lebamosileba ar aris gaformebuli am wesis dacviT,
sasamarTlo ar dauSvebs mas warmomadgenlad.
1. ssk 96-e muxlis pirveli nawili amomwuravad gan-
sazRvravs, Tu romel organos da ra pirobebis arsebo-
bisas SeuZlia daamowmos mindobiloba sasamarTloSi
saqmis warmoebaze. cxadia, es ar arTmevs mxares ufle-
bas sanotaro wesiT daamowmos mindobiloba nebismier
pirobebsa da SemTxvevaSi.
mindobiloba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebaze SeuZ-
lia gasces rogorc kerZo, ise sajaro iuridiul pirsa
da organizacias. mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos
im piris Tanamdeboba, saxeli da gvari, romelmac daa-
mowma mindobiloba, agreTve, misi xelmowera da min-
187
dobilobaze dasmuli unda iyos Sesabamisi organiza-

ciis beWedi.
2. mxareebad procesSi SeiZleba gamovidnen rogorc
fizikuri, ise iuridiuli pirebi (organizaciebi). ssk
96-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi SemT-
xvevebi, rodesac mxared gvevlineba organizacia da
igi mindobilobas gascems swored am organizaciis sa-
xeliT da misi saqmis sawarmoeblad sasamarTloSi.
_ mindobilobis gareSe sasamarTloSi SeiZleba ga-
movides organizaciis Tanamdebobis piri, romelic ka-
noniT Tu wesdebiT aRWurvilia warmomadgenlobiTi
uflebamosilebiT. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ ka-
nonis 56.3 muxlis Tanaxmad, saaqcio sazogadoebas sa-
samarTloSi warmoadgenen direqtorebi. es imas niS-
navs, rom, Tu mxared sasamarTloSi gvevlineba saaq-
cio sazogadoeba, maSin mis direqtors ar sWirdeba spe-
cialuri mindobiloba. sakmarisia man sasamarTlos wa-
rudginos misi direqtorobis damadasturebeli doku-
menti. Tu iuridiul pirs hyavs ara erTi, aramed ram-
denime direqtori an xelmZRvaneli, romlebic aRWur-
vili arian erTnairi da Tanabari warmomadgenlobiTi
uflebamosilebiT da maT Soris ar aris gamijnuli uf-
lebamosilebebi, maSin isini valdebulni arian gascen
specialuri uflebamosileba erT-erT maTganze, Tu
surT, rom warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba am
erT-erTma maTganma ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi.
_ Tu iuridiuli piris wesdebis Tanaxmad, warmomad-
genlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilia erT-erTi
xelmZRvaneli piri (erT-erTi partniori, erT-erTi di-
reqtori, roca ramdenime direqtoria), sasamarTlos
unda waredginos dokumenti, romelic adasturebs am
piris uflebamosilebas sasamarTloSi warmomadgen-
lobaze. aseT dokumentad SeiZleba gamodges wesdebi-
dan amonaweri.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT kanoniT an wes-
debiT warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWur-
188
vili pirisa da iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) Tanam-

Sromlis warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi.
iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) uflebebis dasaca-
vad sasamarTloSi xSirad gamodian am organizacie-
bis iuristebi da sxva TanamSromlebi. maT unda wa-
rudginon sasamarTlos mindobiloba am organizaciis
saxeliT, romelsac gascems warmomadgenlobiTi ufle-
bamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri, xolo misi
ararsebobisas _ kolegiuri organo, romelic aseTi uf-
lebamosilebiTaa aRWurvili kanoniT an wesdebiT.
3. rac Seexeba advokatis, e. i. im piris uflebamosi-
lebas, romelsac àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-
noni uwodebs advokats, igi SeiZleba gaformdes im we-
siT, romelsac iTvaliswinebs es kanoni. aRniSnuli ka-
nonis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, advokatma sasamarTlos
unda warudginos saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis da-
madasturebeli mowmoba, agreTve, klientis mier mas-
ze gacemuli dokumenti _ mindobiloba an orderi.
_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra Semdegi sakiTxi:
SeuZlia Tu ara mxares sasamarTlos winaSe Tavisi ze-
piri gancxadebiTa da sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi misi
SetaniT daadasturos warmomadgenlis uflebamosi-
leba?
am kiTxvaze uaryofiTad unda vupasuxoT. saqarT-
velos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba yvela
SemTxvevaSi moiTxovs saTanadod gaformebul mindo-
bilobas.
_ sasamarTlom yovelTvis yuradRebiT unda Seamow-
mos, ramdenad sworad da kanonis moTxovnaTa dacvi-
Taa Sedgenili da gaformebuli mindobiloba. araswo-
rad Sedgenili mindobiloba SeiZleba gaxdes calke-
ul saproceso moqmedebaTa da gadawyvetilebaTa ga-
uqmebis safuZveli.
189
muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piris

warmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelic
ar aris advokati
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas im

piris procesSi warmomadgenlad daSveba-
ze, romelic ar aris advokati, Tu miiC-
nevs, rom am ukanasknels ar gaaCnia sakma-
risi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom warmoadgi-
nos mxare da daicvas misi uflebebi.
2. is moqmedebebi, romlebic saproceso
warmomadgenelma gadayenebamde awarmova,
ZalaSi rCeba.
3. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze im piris war-
momadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesax-
eb, romelic ar aris advokati, SeiZleba
kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. am muxliT dadgenili wesi emsaxureba mxaris uf-

lebis realurad dacvis interesebs: Tu sasamarTlo-
saTvis aSkaraa, rom mxaris mier warmomadgenlad Ser-
Ceuli piri ver daicavs mis uflebebs, mas SeuZlia ua-
ri Tqvas am piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze.
aseTi uaris Tqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT,
rom warmomadgenels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi codna da ga-
mocdileba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisaTvis, an ki-
dev imiT, rom igi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZv-
lebiT, gamoyvanilia advokatTa erTiani siidan mis mi-
marT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis gamo, an imis
gamo, rom igi ar akmayofilebs Sesabamis moTxovnebs,
rac gaTvaliswinebulia àdvokatTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis
me-10 da me-14 muxlebiT.
ssk 97-e muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi hyavs
mxolod iseTi pirebi, romlebic ar arian advokatebi,
radgan igulisxmeba, rom advokatebs gaaCniaT sakma-
risi monacemebi awarmoon saqme sasamarTloSi da da-
icvan mxaris uflebebi.
190
2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmomadgenlis arako-

mpetenturoba gairkva mas Semdeg, roca man ukve Seas-
rula garkveuli saproceso moqmedebebi, es Sesrule-
buli moqmedebebi ZalaSi rCeba am warmomadgenlis daS-
vebaze uarisTqmis Semdegac.
3. aseTi ganCineba sasamarTlom SeiZleba miiRos ma-
Sinve, rogorc ki mas waredgineba piris warmomadgen-
lobiTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli dokumen-
ti, agreTve saqmis warmoebis nebismier stadiaze. aR-
niSnuli ganCineba SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Set-
yobinebis gareSe, xolo Tu aseTi ganCineba miRebulia
sasamarTlo sxdomaze maSin igi unda aisaxos sxdomis
oqmSi.
aseTi ganCinebis Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxares, visi
uflebamosilebiTac gamodioda gadayenebuli warmo-
madgeneli, agreTve, TviT gadayenebul warmomadge-
nelsac.
amave ganCinebiT mxares unda ganemartos, rom mas
SeuZlia TviTon awarmoos saqme, an miandos saqmis war-
moeba sxva warmomadgenels, risTvisac sasamarTlo
uniSnavs mas vadas da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi ar
iqneba mis mier SerCeuli warmomadgeneli, sasamarT-
lo gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas.17
piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesa-
xeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec SeiZle-
ba kerZo saCivris Setana

uflebamosileba
1. uflebamosileba sasamarTloSi saqmis
warmoebis Sesaxeb uflebas aZlevs warmo-
madgenels marwmuneblis saxeliT Seasru-
los yvela saproceso moqmedeba, garda
17
ix. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 16
Tebervlis gadawyvetileba.
191
sarCelis aRZvrisa, arbitraJisaTvis saqmis

gadacemisa, sasarCelo moTxovnaze mTli-
anad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmisa, sarCelis
cnobisa, sarCelis sagnis Secvlisa, morige-
bisa, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-
bisa, saaRsrulebo furclis gadasaxdevine-
blad wardgenisa, mikuTvnebuli qonebis an
fulis miRebisa, warmomadgenlis uflebam-
osileba am muxlSi aRniSnuli TiToeuli
moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis specialurad
unda iqnes aRniSnuli marwmuneblis mier
gacemul mindobilobaSi.
2. mxaris mier uflebamosil pirs SeuZ-
lia calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Ses-
ruleba miandos sxva advokats an mis Tana-
Semwes.
1. ssk 98-e muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa

amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesrulebis ufle-
bac ara aqvs warmomadgenels specialuri mindobilo-
bis gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels mindo-
bilobaSi specialuri miTiTebis gareSe SeuZlia Seas-
rulos yvela sxva saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Ses-
ruleba SeuZlia TviTon marwmunebels (ssk 83-e mux-
lis pirveli nawili).
maSasadame, warmomadgenloba avtomaturad, e. i.
specialuri miTiTebis gareSe, aniWebs uflebas war-
momadgenels Seasrulos yvela saproceso moqmedeba,
garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili moqmede-
bebisa, romelebic ukavSirdeba marwmuneblis mier mi-
si materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvas
(dispoziciurobis principi) da amitom, maT Sesaxeb
specialurad unda iyos aRniSnuli mindobilobaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu warmomadgenelma specialu-
ri mindobilobis gareSe Seasrula iseTi saproceso
moqmedeba, romelic amgvar mindobilobas moiTxovs,
aseTi moqmedeba araviTar samarlebriv Sedegs ar war-
192
moSobs. magaliTad, Tu warmomadgenelma cno sarCeli,

an uari Tqva masze, an kidev Tu saqme daamTavra mori-
gebiT da a. S. misi aseTi moqmedeba ar warmoSobs raime
Sedegs, xolo Tu sasamarTlom mas aseTi Sedegi dau-
kavSira, aseTi sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba (ganCineba)
usaTuod unda gauqmdes dainteresebuli piris moT-
xovniT. praqtikaSi zogjer gvxvdeba SemTxveva, rode-
sac warmomadgeneli saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT asa-
Civrebs gadawyvetilebas, Tumca mindobilobaSi ar aris
miTiTebuli misi aseTi uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb.
aseTi saCivari, rogorc dauSvebeli, ganuxilvelad
unda datovos Sesabamisma sasamarTlom, Tu warmomad-
genels ar mieca vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. aRsaniSna-
via isic, rom aseTi arauflebamosili piris mier saCiv-
ris Setana avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs gasaCivrebis va-
dis denas.
nebismieri instanciis sasamarTlom zedmiwevniT yu-
radRebiT unda Seamowmos warmomadgenlis uflebamo-
silebis farglebi.
2. ssk 98-e muxlis meore nawili uflebas aniWebs war-
momadgenels calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-
leba miandos sxva advokats an mis TanaSemwes.
am uflebis ganxorcielebis mizniT, warmomadge-
nelma aucileblad unda misces mindobiloba sxva
advokats im saproceso moqmedebaze miTiTebiT, ro-
melic man unda Seasrulos. aseTi mindobiloba iqne-
ba safuZveli sasamarTlosaTvis, raTa dauSvas igi aR-
niSnuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesasruleblad.
ssk 98-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia calkeul sap-
roceso moqmedebaze da ara saqmis warmoebaze mTlia-
nad. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels SeuZlia mian-
dos sxva advokats calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis
Sesruleba gonivrul farglebSi da saamisod Sesabami-
si safuZvlis (magaliTad, avadmyofoba, mivlineba, sxva
saqmeze gadaudebeli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-
ba da a. S.) arsebobisas.
advokatis TanaSemweze calkeuli saproceso moq-
193
medebis Sesrulebis gadandoba dasaSvebia mxolod im

pirobiT, Tu realurad iqneba SemoRebuli aseTi Ta-
namdeboba.

uflebamosilebis Sewyveta
marwmuneblis mier
marwmunebels ufleba aqvs saqmis warmo-
ebis yvela stadiaze gaauqmos Tavis mier
gacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitos war-
momadgenlis uflebamosileba, ris Sesaxe-
bac igi werilobiT acnobebs sasamarTlosa
da warmomadgenels. mxaris winadadebiT war-
momadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta ar
warmoadgens saqmis warmoebis SeCerebisa Tu
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZvels. uf-
lebamosilebaSewyvetili warmomadgenlis mi-
er kanonis Sesabamisad Sesrulebuli yve-
la saproceso moqmedeba inarCunebs mniSv-
nelobas.
1. marwmunebels SeuZlia motivirebis gareSe gaa-

uqmos mis mier gacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitos
warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba. marwmunebels aseT
SemTxvevaSi evaleba erTaderTi ram _ werilobiT ac-
nobos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos da warmomadgenels.
im momentidan, roca sasamarTlos werilobiT ecnoba
warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb,
sasamarTlo aRar dauSvebs mas saproceso moqmedeba-
Ta Sesasruleblad. Tu aseTi gancxadeba mxarem gaake-
Ta saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin
es gancxadeba Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi, razec xeli un-
da moaweros ganmcxadebelma.
amrigad, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba Sewyve-
tilad iTvleba, roca mxare werilobiT mimarTavs
194
sasamarTlos, an roca aseTi gancxadeba gakeTdeba

sasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze.
_ aRniSnul uflebas mxare ver gamoiyenebs saqmis
ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. swored am mosazre-
biT xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac miuTi-
Tebs, rom mxaris iniciativiT warmomadgenlis ufle-
bamosilebis Sewyveta ver gaxdeba saqmis warmoebis Se-
Cerebisa Tu saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli,
e. i. saqmis warmoeba da misi ganxilva unda gagrZeldes
da sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos mxaris Suamd-
gomloba SeCerebisa Tu gadadebis Sesaxeb (Tu aRiZv-
reba aseTi Suamdgomloba ). Tu mxares surs aiyvanos
sxva warmomadgeneli, man droulad da yovelgvari ga-
Wianurebis gareSe unda gaakeTos es.
_ marwmuneblis mier warmomadgenlis uflebamosi-
lebis Sewyveta (iseve rogorc saqmis warmoeba warmo-
madgenlis meSveobiT) aris mxaris sruli ufleba da sa-
samarTlom yovelTvis unda daakmayofilos misi gan-
cxadeba amis Taobaze. warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufle-
ba gaaprotestos marwmuneblis aseTi moqmedeba.
muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uari

Tavis uflebamosilebaze
warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs saqmis war-
moebis yvela stadiaze uari Tqvas Tavis
uflebamosilebaze, ris Sesaxebac drou-
lad unda acnobos rogorc sasamarTlos,
ise mis marwmunebels, raTa am ukanasknelma
SeZlos TviTon miiRos monawileoba pro-
cesSi da aiyvanos axali warmomadgeneli.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo daniS-
navs dros, roca warmomadgenels ufleba
aqvs Sewyvitos procesSi monawileoba.
warmomadgenels iseve rogorc marwmunebels, uf-

leba aqvs calmxrivad da motivirebis gareSe mimar-
195
Tos sasamarTlos da marwmunebels werilobiTi ganc-

xadebiT Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
aseTi uari mas SeuZlia ganacxados sasamarTlos sxdo-
mazec, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi.
_ Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gan-
cxadebis Setana, an sasamarTlos mosamzadebel Tu
mTavar sxdomaze aseTi gancxadebis gakeTeba jer ki-
dev ar niSnavs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sew-
yvetas. marTalia, aseTi gancxadeba yovelTvis unda da-
akmayofilos sasamarTlom, radgan ar SeiZleba vaiZu-
loT piri gaswios warmomadgenloba, magram dros, ro-
ca warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs Sewyvitos procesSi
monawileoba,niSnavs sasamarTlo. dros sasamrTlo
niSnavs im varaudiT, rom marwmunebelma TviTon mi-
iRos monawileoba procesSi an aiyvanos axali war-
momadgeneli.
iseTi SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, roca marwmune-
beli uars ambobs warmomadgenelze, rac ver gaxdeba
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, Tu warmomad-
genlis mier uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmas adgili
aqvs sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, SeiZleba saWiro
gaxdes aRniSnuli sxdomis gadadeba im droiT, rac sa-
Wiro iqneba axali warmomadgenlis asayvanad, Tu amis
Sesaxeb survils gamoTqvams marwmunebeli da Tu am
drois manZilze igi ar aiyvans axal warmomadgenels,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia CaTvalos, rom marwmunebeli
(mxare) TviTon, piradad awarmoebs saqmes warmomad-
genlis gareSe da ganixilos saqme saerTo wesiT.
muxli 101. kanonieri

warmomadgenlebi
1. qmeduunaro moqalaqis, agreTve Sez-
Ruduli qmedunarianobis mqone moqalaqis
uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs
sasamarTloSi icaven maTi mSoblebi, mSvi-
leblebi, meurveebi da mzrunvelebi, rom-
196
lebic warudgenen sasamarTlos TavianTi

uflebamosilebis damadasturebel doku-
mentebs.
2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi warmosad-
gen pirTa saxeliT asruleben yvela sap-
roceso moqmedebas, romelTa Sesrulebis
uflebac mikuTvnebuli aqvT warmomdgenT
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebiT.
3. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileob-
des kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ugzoukvlod
dakargulad cnobili moqalaqe, mis warmo-
madgenlad monawileobs piri, romelsac ga-
daeca samarTavad ugzoukvlod dakarguli
piris qoneba.
4. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileob-
des gardacvlilis an kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT gardacvlilad cnobili piris memk-
vidre, Tu memkvidreoba aravis miuRia, mem-
kvidris warmomadgenlad gamodis samkvid-
ro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniS-
nuli piri.
5. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxve-
vebSi kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT
sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoeba miandon ad-
vokats, rac ar arTmevs uflebas kanonier
warmomadgenels TviTonac miiRos monawi-
leoba saqmeSi.
yvela fizikuri da iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia sap-

roceso uflebaunarianobiT, e. i. unariT hqondes sap-
roceso uflebebi da movaleobebi. magram yvela pirs
ar gaaCnia unari, Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sa-
samarTloSi Tavisi uflebebi, maT Soris, daavalos saq-
mis warmoeba warmomadgenels, e. i. yvela pirs ar gaaC-
nia saproceso qmedunarianoba.
imis Taobaze, Tu vis SeuZlia gamovides sasamarT-
loSi aseTi pirebis warmomadgenlebad, izruna TviTon
197
kanonmdebelma. swored amitom ewodeba aseT warmo-

madgenlebs kanonieri, kanonismieri warmomadgenlebi.
1. romeli pirebi ganekuTvnebian qmeduunaro, ag-
reTve, SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone pirebs? am
kiTxvaze pasuxs Seicavs ssk 81-e muxli (ix. am muxlis
komentari).
kanonieri warmomadgenlebis uflebamosilebis spe-
cialuri gaformeba ar aris saWiro. maT sasamarTlos
unda warudginon imis damadasturebeli dokumenti,
rom isini arian kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, kerZod,
pasporti, romelSic aris Sesabamisi Canaweri Svilebis
Sesaxeb, mcirewlovanis Tu arasrulwlovanis dabade-
bis mowmoba, Svilad ayvanis mowmoba, meurveobis Tu
mzrunvelobis damadasturebeli sabuTi. araregistri-
rebul qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis kanonieri war-
momadgeneli iqneba bavSvis deda, Tu mamoba araa dad-
genili, magram Tu mamoba dadgenilia, maSin kanonier
warmomadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides erT-erTi mSobe-
li.
2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi sargebloben farTo
saproceso uflebebiT. kanonieri warmomadgenloba,
avtomaturad, specialuri uflebamosilebis gareSe,
aniWebs maT uflebas cnon sarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCel-
ze, daamTavron saqme morigebiT, gaasaCivron sasamar-
Tlo gadawyvetileba, moiTxovon gadawyvetilebis
iZulebiTi aRsruleba da a. S.
amasTan erTad, kanoni Seicavs SezRudvebsac. maga-
liTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1294-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos winaswari Tan-
xmobis gareSe meurves ufleba ara aqvs sameurveo pi-
ris saxeliT dados garigeba, xolo mzrunvels _ samz-
runvelo piris saxeliT daTanxmdes garigebis dadeba-
ze, romelic Seexeba qonebis gasxvisebas, dagiravebas,
Txovebas, sameurveo an samzrunvelo piris kuTvnil
uflebebze uaris Tqmas da a. S.
am mxriv, mTel rig SezRudvebs Seicavs samoqalaqo
kodeqsis 1296-e da 1297-e muxlebi.
198
aq miTiTebuli muxlebis analizidan SeiZleba gava-

keToT daskvna, rom sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos me-
urvisa da mzrunvelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, sar-
Celis cnoba an saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, Tu amis
Sesaxeb ar arsebobs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis or-
ganoebis winaswari Tanxmoba, gamoxatuli werilobiTi
formiT.
kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebis
farglebs gareT, rac qmeduunaro da SezRudulqme-
dunariani pirebis interesebis dacvisTvisaa gaTva-
liswinebuli, kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT Se-
asrulon yvela saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Sesru-
lebis ufleba aqvT maT warmomdgenT.
3. ssk 101-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gansazRv-
rulia, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT warmomadgenle-
bad monawileobdnen procesSi pirebi, romlebsac sa-
marTavad gadaecaT ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli pirebis
qoneba (ssk 320-e muxlis pirveli nawili), agreTve, sam-
kvidro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniSnuli pi-
rebi.
4. marTalia, ssk 101-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT,
kanonier warmomadgenels SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba sa-
samarTloSi miandos advokats, magram am muxliT dad-
genili wesi unda gavigoT ufro farTod da aRvniSnoT,
rom mas SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba, garda advokatisa, mi-
andos nebismier pirs, romelic SeiZleba gamovides
procesSi warmomadgenlad (ssk 94-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs,
rodesac sarCeli aRiZvris qmeduunaro piris winaaRm-
deg an qmeduunaro piris mier, romelsac ara hyavs ka-
nonieri warmomadgeneli. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-
los TviTon SeuZlia daniSnos droebiTi saproceso
warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).
199
kari mesame
sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi
T a v i XIII
mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba
muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi.

mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba
1. TiToeulma mxarem unda daamtkicos
garemoebani, romlebzedac igi amyarebs Tavis
moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels.
2. am garemoebaTa damtkiceba SeiZleba
TviT mxareTa (mesame pirTa) axsna-ganmar-
tebiT, mowmeTa CvenebiT, werilobiTi Tu
nivTieri mtkicebulebebiTa da eqspertTa
daskvnebiT.
3. saqmis garemoebebi, romlebic kanonis
Tanaxmad unda dadasturdes garkveuli sa-
xis mtkicebulebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadas-
turdes sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT.
1. ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs, Tu

romeli garemoebebi unda damtkicdes samoqalaqo
saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis mizniT (mtkicebis sa-
gani) da vin, e. i. romelma mxarem unda daamtkicos es
garemoebebi (mtkicebis tvirTi).
_ mtkicebis sagnis gansazRvrisaTvis gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs sarCels da mopasuxis Sesagebels:
mtkicebis sagans Seadgenen faqtebi, romlebzec mo-
sarCele da mopasuxe amyareben TavianT sasarCelo moT-
xovnebsa da sarCelis winaaRmdeg mimarTul Sesage-
bels. kidev ufro mkafiod es pozicia gamokveTilia
200
ssk me-4 muxlis pirvel nawilSi romlis Tanaxmad, mxa-

reebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi un-
da daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtki-
cebulebebiT unda dadasturdes es faqtebi (ix. am mux-
lis komentari).
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxareebma TavianTi moT-
xovnebisa Tu Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miuTiTon
iseT faqtebsa da garemoebebze, romlebsac sinamdvi-
leSi araviTari mniSvneloba ar gaaCniaT maTi dasabu-
TebisaTvis. magaliTad, mosarCele, romelic moiTxovs
mopasuxisagan sesxis saxiT gacemuli Tanxis ukan dab-
runebas, am moTxovnas asabuTebs aramarto imiT, rom
man sesxis saxiT namdvilad gadasca garkveuli Tanxa
mopasuxes, romlis dabrunebis vada ukve dadga, ara-
med imiTac, rom am sesxis dabrunebas misTvis aqvs gan-
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, radgan aRmoCnda mZime eko-
nomikur mdgomareobaSi, ris dasadasturebladac igi
Suamdgomlobs sasamrTlos winaSe dakiTxon mowmeebi.
valdebulebis Sesruleba ar aris damokidebuli kre-
ditoris ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. valdebuleba un-
da Sesruldes, Tu igi namdvilad arsebobs, miuxeda-
vad kreditoris ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa. amitom,
aseTi faqtis damtkicebas ara aqvs mniSvneloba.
aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna: sa-
samarTlom konkretul saqmeze mtkicebis sagnis gan-
sazRvris dros unda ixelmZRvanelos mxareTa mier
sarCelisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miTiTebu-
li faqtebiT, magram Tu am faqtebs Soris aris iseTi
faqtebi, romlebsac kanonis Tanaxmad ara aqvT raime
mniSvneloba am moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis dasabuTe-
bisaTvis, e. i. iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxov-
nebs, sasamarTlom ar unda Seitanos aseTi faqtebi
mtkicebis saganSi da ar unda miiRos mtkicebulebebi
maT dasadastureblad.
_ ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs mxareTa
Soris mtkicebis tvirTis (movaleobis) ganawilebis
zogad wess: mosarCelem unda daamtkicos garemoebe-
201
bi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas, xolo mo-

pasuxem _ garemoebebi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis
Sesagebels.
amrigad, mtkicebis tvirTi erTnairad ekisreba mxa-
reebs da es tvirTi Tanabrad nawildeba maT Soris.
xSirad, miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romelma mxarem ro-
meli faqtebi unda daamtkicos, gansazRvravs materi-
alur-samarTlebrivi normebi.
magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158-e muxlis pir-
veli nawilis Tanaxmad, ivaraudeba, rom nivTis mflo-
beli aris misi mesakuTre. Tu aramflobelma mesakuT-
rem aRZra vindikaciuri sarCeli mflobelis mimarT
nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, maSin man unda daamtkicos,
rom igi aris sadavo nivTis mesakuTre, e. i. am faqtis
mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mosarCeles, radgan mopa-
suxe ivaraudeba mesakuTred. magram, Tu mosarCelem
daamtkica Tavisi sakuTreba sadavo nivTze, maSin mo-
pasuxem unda daamtkicos, rom igi flobs sadavo nivTs
kanonis safuZvelze. samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT gaT-
valiswinebuli prezumfciis (varaudis) saproceso
mniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba mxareTa Soris mtki-
cebis tvirTis ganawilebiT. mtkicebis tvirTis mxare-
Ta Soris ganawileba materialuri samarTlis sxvadas-
xva institutebidan gamomdinare sarCelebSi, pirda-
pir an arapirdapir regulirdeba kanoniT, rac saSua-
lebas miscems sasamarTlos zustad gansazRvros, Tu
romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba sarCelis safuZvelSi
Semaval faqtebs, romlebic mosarCelem unda daamt-
kicos da romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba Sesageblis sa-
fuZvels, romlebic mopasuxem unda daamtkicos.
magaliTad, mosarCele mopasuxisagan moiTxovs gar-
kveuli Tanxis dakisrebas im safuZvliT, rom man ses-
xad gadasca mas es Tanxa da dadga misi dabrunebis dro,
magram mopasuxe ar abrunebs Tanxas. mosarCelem unda
daamtkicos sesxis micemis faqti, sesxis dabrunebis
vadis dadgomis faqti, magram igi ar aris valdebuli,
daadasturos mtkicebulebebiT (daamtkicos), rom mo-
202
pasuxes ar daubrunebia vali. valis dabrunebis faqti,

Tu mopasuxe am faqtze amyarebs Tavis Sesagebels, un-
da daadasturos mopasuxem. mas ekisreba am faqtis, an
sxva iseTi faqtebis dadasturebis tvirTi, romleb-
sac SeuZliaT gaaqarwylon mosarCelis moTxovnis sa-
fuZvlianoba. es imas niSnavs, rom faqtebis miTiTebis
tvirTi da am faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi SeiZleba
ar daemTxves erTmaneTs.
2. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawili amomwuravad gansaz-
Rvravs mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) wres.
saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
faqtebis dasadastureblad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iq-
nes aq miTiTebuli mtkicebis nebismieri saSualeba,
garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli gamonakli-
si SemTxvevebisa.
3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawili amkvidrebs mtkice-
bulebaTa dasaSvebobis princips, romlis Tanaxmad, ka-
noniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi, ama Tu im faqtis da-
sadastureblad daiSveba ara nebismieri mtkicebule-
ba, romelic miTiTebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawil-
Si, aramed mxolod zogierTi maTgani. magaliTad, sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis 183-e muxlis Tanaxmad, uZravi niv-
Tis SesaZenad aucilebelia sanotaro wesiT damowme-
buli sabuTi da SemZenis registracia sajaro reest-
rSi. aqedan gamomdinare, uZravi nivTis SeZenis faqtis
dadasturebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes mxo-
lod werilobiTi mtkicebuleba. amave kodeqsis 593-e
muxlis Tanaxmad, miwis ijaris xelSekruleba unda da-
idos werilobiTi formiT. Tu es forma ar aris dacu-
li, maSin ivaraudeba, rom xelSekruleba dadebulia
ganusazRvreli vadiT. aqedan gamomdinare, mxarem, ro-
melic miuTiTebs, rom xelSekruleba dadebulia gar-
kveuli vadiT, sasamarTlos unda warudginos werilo-
biTi xelSekruleba. sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT am
faqtis dadastureba dauSvebelia.
203
muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTa

Segroveba
1. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warud-

genen mxareebi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Ses-
Tavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebi-
Ti mtkicebulebebi.
2. Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver
SeZles mtkicebulebebis uSualod miReba
da sasamarTloSi wardgena, mxareTa Suamd-
gomlobiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon ga-
moiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, visTanac unda
iyos isini.
3. kanonis darRveviT mopovebul mtkice-
bulebebs iuridiuli Zala ara aqvT.
1. faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisre-

baT mxareebs. am tvirTisagan gasaTavisufleblad mxa-
reebma sasamarTlos unda warudginon mtkicebulebe-
bi, romelTa safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli iqneba faqtis
dadastureba da romlebsac sasamarTlo utyuarad da
sarwmunod miiCnevs.
ssk 103-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs metad mniS-
vnelovan debulebas, romlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebi-
Ti mtkicebulebebi, ra Tqma unda, Tu maT aseTi mtki-
cebulebebi gaaCniaT. sasamarTlos mxridan aseTi Se-
Tavazeba unda emsaxurebodes simarTlis garkvevas da
ar unda keTdebodes romelime mxarisaTvis daxmare-
bis aRmoCenis mizniT (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawi-
li).
2. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom TviTon gamoiTxovos
mtkicebuleba, aucilebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad
arseboba: a) mxareebma TviTon ver SeZles mtkicebu-
lebis miReba ama Tu im pirisagan, sul erTia, fizikuri
piri iqneba is Tu iuridiuli. magaliTad, miuxedavad
araerTgzis mcdelobisa, mxarem ver miiRo werilobi-
204
Ti masalebi ama Tu im saministrodan; b) mxareebma mi-

marTes sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT, rom man gamoi-
yenos Tavisi avtoriteti da TviTon gamoiTxovos es
mtkicebulebebi.
cxadia, rom mxare, romelic aseTi SuamdgomlobiT
mimarTavs sasamarTlos, valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu
konkretulad romeli faqtis dadasturebisaTvis
sWirdeba mas es mtkicebuleba (ssk104-e muxli).
3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili mtki-
cebulebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli da mtkice-
bis damoukidebeli saSualebebia. kanoni zustad da
amomwuravad gansazRvravs maTi miRebis, Segrovebi-
sa da Semowmebis wesebs. sasamarTlo valdebulia zus-
tad daicvas es wesebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mtki-
cebulebas ar SeiZleba raime mniSvneloba mieniWos _
igi ver iqneba gamoyenebuli rogorc mtkicebuleba.
magaliTad, mowme unda gamoiZaxos da dakiTxos saq-
mis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (ssk 145-e muxli), mag-
ram Tu mowme dakiTxa TviTon dainteresebulma mxa-
rem an misma warmomadgenelma da dakiTxvis masalebi
warudgines sasamarTlos, es iqneba kanonis darRve-
viT mopovebuli mtkicebuleba, romelic ar unda mi-
iRos da Seafasos sasamarTlom.

miuRebloba
1. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs, ar gamoiTxovs

an saqmidan amoiRebs mtkicebulebebs, rom-
lebsac saqmisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvT.
2. mtkicebulebaTa miuReblobis, gamoT-
xovaze uaris Tqmis an saqmidan maTi amo-
Rebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs moti-
virebuli ganCineba, romelic calke ar ga-
saCivrdeba. magram SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
205
1. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT saqme-

ebs, romlebic gadatvirTulia iseTi masalebiT, rom-
lebsac am saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis araviTari mniSvne-
loba ara aqvT. es drois unayofod xarjvaa da sakmaod
arTulebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa dasabuTebu-
lobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas zemdgomi sasamarT-
lo instanciebis mier.
sasamarTlom unda miiRos mxolod iseTi mtkicebu-
leba, romelic saqmes exeba da romelsac SeuZlia daa-
dasturos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba.
_ mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principis kon-
kretuli gamovlinebaa wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, werilo-
biTi sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZ-
vreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoe-
bis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT (ssk 134-e mux-
lis me-3 nawili). igive wesia Camoyalibebuli sxva saxis
mtkicebulebaTa mimarT (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mtkicebule-
baTa gankuTvnadoba da mtkicebulebaTa utyaroba
(sarwmunooba). mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba uz-
runvelyofs saWiro da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqo-
ne mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas, zedmeti da gamousa-
degari mtkicebulebebis Segrovebaze da Semowmebaze
drois fuWad xarjvis Tavidan acilebas. gankuTvnadia
mxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic mimarTulia
saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis
dadasturebisaken. sxva sakiTxia, rom gankuTvnadi da
sworad miRebuli mtkicebuleba SemdgomSi Semowmebi-
sa da Sefasebis Sedegad ar aRmoCnda utyuari da sarw-
muno. aseT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo ver daeyrd-
noba ara imitom, rom isini ar aris gankuTvnadi, aramed
imitom, rom isini ar aris sarwmuno da utyuari.
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmidan amoiRos SecdomiT
miRebuli aragankuTvnadi mtkicebuleba, magram is ver
amoiRebs saqmidan iseT mtkicebulebas, romelic gan-
kuTvnadia, magram ar aris sarwmuno.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi mtkicebulebis miReba-
206
ze an gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis an kidev, SecdomiT mi-

Rebuli mtkicebulebis saqmidan amoRebis Sesaxeb, mi-
TiTebuli unda iyos faqtze (faqtebze), romlis dasa-
dasturebladac es mtkicebulebaa wardgenili da ro-
melsac am saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis aranairi
mniSvneloba ara aqvs. magaliTad, sasamarTlom ar mii-
Ro an saqmidan amoiRo mravalricxovani cnobebi, re-
komendaciebi da daxasiaTebebi, romlebic marTalia
dadebiTad axasiaTeben mxaris pirovnebas, magram ara-
viTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT im sakiTxis gadasawyve-
tad, unda daekisros Tu ara am mxares valis gadaxda,
zianis anazRaureba da a. S. mowinaaRmdege mxaris sa-
sargeblod.
muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba
1. sasamarTlosaTvis araviTar mtkicebu-

lebas ara aqvs winaswar dadgenili Zala.
2. sasamarTlo afasebs mtkicebulebebs
Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, romelic unda em-
yarebodes sasamarTlo sxdomaze maT yo-
velmxriv, srul da obieqtur ganxilvas,
ris Sedegadac mas gamoaqvs daskvna saqmi-
saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis ar-
sebobis an ararsebobis Sesaxeb.
3. mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad
udevs sasamarTlos Sinagan rwmenas, unda
aisaxos gadawyvetilebaSi.
1. mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) saxee-

bi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenos sasamarTlom saqmi-
saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dasadgenad,
amomwuravadaa gansazRvruli kanoniT (ssk 102-e mux-
lis me-2 nawili). arcerT mtkicebulebas ar gaaCnia ra-
ime upiratesoba sxva mtkicebulebasTan SedarebiT. ar-
cerT mtkicebulebas ara aqvs, agreTve, winaswar dad-
genili Zala sasamarTlosaTvis. erTmaneTisagan unda
207
ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba da maTi wi-

naswar dadgenili Zala. dasaSveboba niSnavs mxolod
imas, rom ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad daiSveba
ara yvela, aramed mxolod zogierTi mtkicebuleba (ssk
104-e muxlis pirveli nawili). winaswar dadgenili Za-
la ki niSnavs imas, rom ama Tu im mtkicebulebis mniSv-
neloba winaswaraa gansazRvruli da misi Zala da mniS-
vneloba sasamarTlos Sefasebaze ar aris damokidebu-
li. cxadia, aseTi ram dauSvebelia, radgan igi mTlia-
nad SeuTavsebelia mtkicebulebaTa Tavisufali Se-
fasebis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principTan. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba SeiZleba
uaryos sasamarTlom, rogorc arasarwmuno.
2. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo afasebs Tavisi Sina-
gani rwmeniT, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom saqmeSi
monawile pirebs ar SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mo-
sazrebebi maT Sesaxeb. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinare-
obs SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze da aqedan gamomdina-
re, mxareebs ufleba aqvT uaryon an gaaqarwylon meo-
re mxaris mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebi
Tu mtkicebulebebi (ssk me-4 muxli). saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebis sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis,
maTi utyuarobisa Tu siyalbis Sesaxeb mosazrebebi Se-
iZleba gamoTqvan aramarto mxareebma, aramed mesame
pirebmac damoukidebeli moTxovniT an aseTi moTxov-
nis gareSe, agreTve, warmomadgenlebma, specialisteb-
ma da eqspertebma, Tu isini monawileoben procesSi.
saqmeSi monawile pirTa mosazrebebi, mniSvnelova-
nia sasamarTlosaTvis, romelic sabolood afasebs
warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs.
_ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens ori
TvalsazrisiT: _ maTi sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmuno-
obis TvalsazrisiT da imisda mixedviT Tu saqmis swo-
rad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romel
faqts adasturebs es mtkicebuleba.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba mosamarTlis Sinagani
rwmeniT ar niSnavs sruliad uangariSgebo daskvne-
208
bis gakeTebis uflebas. sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyve-

tilebaSi unda miuTiTos mosazrebaze, ris gamoc man
zogierTi mtkicebuleba cno utyuarad, xolo sxvebi _
arasarwmunod (ssk 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
sakasacio sasamarTlo, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis auq-
mebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu masSi ar aris miTiTebuli ra
mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, roca saq-
meSi arsebuli mtkicebuleba Seafasa ase da ara sxvana-
irad.18
muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic ar

saWiroeben mtkicebas
mxareebi Tavisufldebian mtkicebuleba-
Ta warmodgenisagan iseTi faqtebis dasa-
dastureblad, romlebsac Tumca emyareba
maTi moTxovnebi, Tu Sesagebeli, magram dam-
tkicebas ar saWiroeben. esenia:
a) faqtebi, romlebsac sasamarTlo sayo-
velTaod cnobilad miiCnevs;
b) faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT
samoqalaqo saqmeze sasamarTlos kanonier
ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, Tu sxva
samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive mxa-
reebi monawileoben;
g) faqtebi imis Sesaxeb, hqonda Tu ara
moqmedebas adgili da Caidina Tu ara es
moqmedeba am pirma, rac dadgenilia sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanili, kano-
nier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ganaCe-
niT, roca saqmes ixilavs sasamarTlo im
piris moqmedebis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi
Sedegebis Sesaxeb, vis mimarTac gamotani-
lia ganaCeni.
18
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #8, gv.358, agreTve, gv.365
209
1. mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yoveli faqti, e. i. faq-

tebi, romlebic asabuTeben mosarCelis moTxovnas da
mopasuxis Sesagebels, unda damtkicdes, dadasturdes.
gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens zogierTi faqti, ro-
melic Tumca Sedis mtkicebis saganSi, radgan asabuTebs,
amarTlebs faqtobrivad mosarCelis moTxovnas an mo-
pasuxis Sesagebels, magram garkveuli mosazrebebis ga-
mo ar saWiroebs damtkicebas da amitom, mxareebi Tavi-
sufldebian mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisagan.
aseTi faqtebis wres ganekuTvneba:
a) sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi. ar aris aucile-
beli, rom faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb mTel-
ma kacobriobam icodes. faqti SeiZleba cnobili iyos
mTeli qveynis, qalaqis an raionis masStabiT, magaliTad,
miwisZvra, wyaldidoba, omi da a. S. mTavaria, rom faqtis
Sesaxeb icodes aramarto saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamar-
Tlom, aramed adamianTa farTo wremac, raTa zemdgomi
instanciis sasamarTlos SeeZlos faqtis sayovelTaod
cnobilad aRiarebis sisworis Semowmeba.
faqti SeiZleba sayovelTaod cnobilad da maSasa-
dame, dadgenilad CaTvalos zemdgomi instanciis sa-
samarTlomac, romelic ganixilavs saCivars qvemdgo-
mi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze, rome-
lic emyareba sayovelTaod cnobil faqts.
b) preiudiciulad dadgenili faqtebi iseTi faq-
tebia, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT, oRond erTi aucilebe-
li pirobiT _ sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi igive
pirebi, e. i. igive mosarCele, igive mopasuxe, an igive
mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT monawileobs.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc sxva pi-
ria, gadawyvetilebas ar SeiZleba hqondes preiudici-
uli Zala da am gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebi
ver daedeba safuZvlad sxva saqmeze gamotanil gadaw-
yvetilebas. es imas niSnavs, rom, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi-
ve faqtebi, rac dadgenilia sxva saqmeze adre gamota-
210
nili gadawyvetilebiT, xelmeored unda dadgindes da

dadasturdes.
gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli Zalis Sesaxeb pir-
dapiraa miTiTebuli ssk 246-e da 266-e muxlebSi.
sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawy-
vetilebas, Tu sasamarTlom ssk 106-e muxlis `b~
qvepunqtis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod damtkicebu-
lad ar CaTvala faqtebi, romlebic kanonier ZalaSi Se-
suli gadawyvetilebiTaa dadgenili sxva saqmeze, ro-
melSic igive mxareebi monawileobdnen.19
g) damtkicebas ar saWiroebs sisxlis samarTlis saq-
meze gamotanili ganaCeniT dadgenili Semdegi faqtebi:
1. hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas adgili, magaliTad,
xanZars da 2. Caidina Tu ara es moqmedeba im pirma,
romlis mimarT aRZrulia samoqalaqo saqme (magaliTad,
xanZriT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb) da
vis mimarTac gamotanili iyo ganaCeni.
faqtebs, romlebic dadgenilia ara ganaCeniT, ara-
med sagamoZiebo organoebis Tu administraciuli aq-
tebiT, ara aqvT preiudiciuli Zala da isini samoqala-
qo saqmis ganxilvis dros dadgenili unda iqnes saer-
To wesiT.
muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani

1. Tu mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarT-
los mier gamosaTxovi an Sesamowmebeli
mtkicebulebebi sxva qalaqSi an raionSia
da maTi warmodgena Tu Semowmeba saqmis
ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an
Znelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dasabuTebu-
li ganCinebiT mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba
(Semowmeba) daavalos im sasamarTlos, rom-
lisTvisac teritoriulad es ufro mosa-
xerxebelia.
19
ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003,#10,gv.1718
211
2. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb sasa-

marTlo ganCinebaSi mokled unda Camoya-
libdes gansaxilveli saqmis Sinaarsi, da-
sadgeni garemoeba da mtkicebulebani, rom-
lebic unda Seagrovos (Seamowmos) dava-
lebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom, agreT-
ve davalebis Sesrulebis vada.
3. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCine-
bis Sesruleba savaldebuloa da igi unda
Sesruldes daniSnul vadaSi.
1. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCineba SeiZleba

gamotanil iqnes mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad ar-
sebobisas: a) mtkicebuleba, romlis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb
Suamdgomlobs mxare, sxva qalaqSi an raionSia da b) misi
warmodgena (gadmogzavna) Znelia an SeuZlebelia.
sasamarTlo davalebiT SeiZleba moxdes: a) mtkice-
bulebaTa Segroveba saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo-
saTvis maTi Semdgomi gadmogzavnis mizniT (magaliTad,
mowmis dakiTxva, mxareebisgan an mesame pirebisagan ax-
sna-ganmartebis miReba da a. S.); b) mtkicebulebaTa Se-
mowmeba, kerZod, maTi adgilze daTvaliereba.
2. ssk 107-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs dava-
lebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis Sinaarss, magram
imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria davalebis xasiaTi, gan-
CinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos sxva damatebiTi gare-
moebebic. magaliTad, Tu mxarisagan misaRebia axsna-
ganmarteba, sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miu-
TiTos misi misamarTi, Tu mowmea dasakiTxi, miTiTebu-
li unda iqnes misi misamarTi, xolo Tu Casatarebelia
adgilze daTvaliereba, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos mxareTa misamarTebi da a. S.
amrigad, ganCineba sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb
unda Seicavdes yvela im monacems, rac SeiZleba saWi-
ro gaxdes davalebis Sesasruleblad. mxedvelobaSia
misaRebi is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlo davalebis dros
saproceso moqmedebas asrulebs ara is sasamarTlo,
212
romelic ixilavs saqmes, aramed sxva sasamarTlo. sx-

vagvarad, rom vTqvaT, saproceso moqmedeba, Tu arse-
bobs amis realuri SesaZlebloba, unda Sesruldes ise-
ve, rogorc mas Seasrulebda saqmis ganmxilveli sasa-
marTlo (ssk 108-e muxli).
sasamarTlo davalebiT Sesasrulebeli saproceso
moqmedeba unda Sesruldes davalebis mimcemi sasamar-
Tlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. vada ki unda iyos goniv-
rulad gansazRvruli _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra
xasiaTisaa Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba.
3. marTalia, davalebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa,
magram ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTlo ama Tu im
mizezis gamo ver Seasrulebs am davalebas, an Seasru-
lebs, magram ara im vadaSi, romelic dauniSna mas dava-
lebis mimcemma sasamarTlom.
Tu sasamarTlo daniSnul droSi an saerTod ver as-
rulebs davalebas, amis Sesaxeb man droulad unda ac-
nobos davalebis mimcem sasamarTlos, romelic an sxva
sasamarTlos daavalebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-
lebas, an TviTon Seasrulebs mas.
muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebis

Sesrulebis wesi
1. sasamarTlo davalebas mosamarTle as-
rulebs erTpirovnulad.
2. davalebis Sesrulebis dros Sekrebi-
li yvela masala dauyovnebliv unda gaeg-
zavnos saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. Tu
sasamarTlo davalebiT unda moxdes ad-
gilze daTvaliereba, davalebis Semsrule-
beli mosamarTle acnobebs mxareebs ad-
gilze daTvalierebis drosa da adgils,
magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabr-
kolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas.
3. Tu mxareebi an mowmeebi, romlebmac
axsna-ganmartebebi an Cvenebebi misces da-
213
valebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles, gamoc-

xaddebian saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlo-
Si, isini axsna-ganmartebebsa da Cvenebebs
miscemen saerTo wesiT.
1. ssk 108-e muxliT gansazRvrulia sasamarTlo da-

valebis Sesrulebis wesi. mxolod adgilze daTvalie-
rebis dros evaleba davalebis Semsrulebel mosamar-
Tles acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs. sxva saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros, magaliTad, mowmis da-
kiTxvisas, ssk 108-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs mxareTa
Setyobinebas. miuxedavad amisa, sasurvelia, rom da-
valebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom yvela saproce-
so moqmedeba Seasrulos saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili wesiT, ra Tqma unda, Tu amis realuri Se-
saZlebloba arsebobs.
davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom mxareebis,
mowmeebis, mesame pirebis, specialistebis Tu eqsper-
tebis gamoZaxeba unda awarmoos sasamarTlo uwyebiT,
ssk 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad.
2. davalebis mimcemma, anu saqmis ganmxilvelma sa-
samarTlom saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSv-
nis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda acnobos im
pirebsac, romlebmac ukve misces Cveneba Tu axsna-gan-
marteba davalebis Semsrulebel sasamarTlos. amis au-
cilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom maT SeuZliaT ax-
sna-ganmarteba da Cveneba miscen ganmeorebiT da saer-
To wesis dacviT.
3. sasamarTlo davalebis micema sazRvargareTis
qveynebis sasamarTloebisaTvis wesrigdeba `saerTa-
Soriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kano-
nis 62-64-e muxlebiT.
214
T a v i XIV
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa
muxli 109. Suamdgomloba

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb
1. im pirs, romelsac safuZveli aqvs ifiq-
ros, rom misTvis saWiro mtkicebulebaTa
wardgena SemdgomSi SeuZlebeli an Zneli
gaxdeba, SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos am
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa da-
saSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramdec.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda ganvasxva-

voT sarCelis uzrunvelyofisagan. sarCelis uzrun-
velyofis mizania momavali gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-
bis uzrunvelyofa (ssk 191-e muxli), mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis mizani ki saqmis sworad gadawyveti-
saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis uzrun-
velyofaa.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis aucilebloba
SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli
(mag. mowmis xangrZlivi vadiT wasvla mivlinebaSi an sa-
muSaod sxva qveyanaSi), romlebic miTiTebuli unda
iyos dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebaSi (ssk 112-e
muxlis `g~ qvepunqti).
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gansxvavdeba sa-
samarTlo davalebisagan. sasamarTlo davalebiT xde-
ba mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba im SemTx-
vevaSi, roca maTi wardgena da Semowmeba saqmis ganm-
xilvel sasamarTloSi Znelia an SeuZlebelia (ssk 107-
e muxli).
sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT SeiZleba moxdes mtki-
cebulebaTa uzrunvelyofac.
215
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes saq-

mis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ar-
sebiTad ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebu-
lia Seamowmos da Seafasos mtkicebulebebi, Tumca ar
aris gamoricxuli mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiT-
xi (ssk 111-e muxli), rac sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
da gadawyvitos ssk 215-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT
(ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes
sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainteresebul
pirs SeuZlia gancxadebiT mimarTos im sasamarTlos,
romlis teritoriazec unda Sesruldes saproceso
moqmedeba uzrunvelyofis mizniT, anu im sasamarT-
los, romlis teritoriazec imyofeba uzrunvelsayo-
fi mtkicebuleba (ssk 110-e muxli).

uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi saqmis
aRZvramde
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas sasamar-
TloSi saqmis aRZvramde axdens im raionis
(qalaqis) mosamarTle an magistrati mosa-
marTle, romlis teritoriazedac unda
Sesruldes saproceso moqmedeba uzrunve-
lyofis mizniT (mowmis dakiTxva, nivTier
mtkicebulebaTa daTaliereba da a.S.)
Tu sarCeli aRZrulia sasamarTloSi, maSin dainte-

resebulma pirma mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Se-
saxeb SuamdgomlobiT unda mimarTos saqmis ganmxil-
vel sasamarTlos, romelic TviTon Seasrulebs Sesa-
bamis saproceso moqmedebas, an kanoniT gaTvaliswine-
bul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT daavalebs sxva sasamarT-
los Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba (ssk 107-e muxli).
magram, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda
moxdes sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainte-
216
resebul pirs SeuZlia mimarTos im raionis (qalaqis)sa-

samarTlos an am raionis (qalaqis) magistrat mosamar-
Tles, romlis samoqmedo teritoriazec unda moxdes
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba (mag. mowmis dakiTx-
va, adgilze daTvaliereba da a. S.). sarCelis aRZvris
Semdeg mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sek-
rebili masalebi gadaegzavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sa-
samarTlos (ssk 116-e muxli). gadagzavna SeiZleba mox-
des rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos
iniciativiTac.
muxli 111. gancxadeba

Sesaxeb
1. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvel-

yofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba we-
rilobiTi formiT. aseTi gancxadebis ze-
piri formiT wardgena dasaSvebia sasamar-
TloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesa-
xeb zepiri gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamd-
gomloba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis
oqmSi.
1. Tu dainteresebuli piri Suamdgomlobs sasamar-

Tlos winaSe mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Taoba-
ze jer kidev sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, cxadia,
rom man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos werilobiTi ganc-
xadebiT. man werilobiTi gancxadebiT unda mimarTos
sasamarTlos maSinac, rodesac uzrunvelyofis Tao-
baze sakiTxi aRiZvris saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxa-
debiT mxarem unda mimarTos sasamarTlos saqmis mom-
zadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis
dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia Seamowmos mxa-
ris mier wardgenili da sasamarTlos mier Sekrebili
217
yvela mtkicebuleba, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rom

mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiTxi.
2. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda iqonion, rom
mxareebma mtkicebulebebi unda warudginon sasamar-
Tlos jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 200-
203-e muxlebi). dagvianebiT wardgenili mtkicebule-
bebi da aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos SeuZ-
lia ar miiRos da ar daakmayofilos. aqedan gamomdina-
re, sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mxaris mier zepirad
gancxadebuli Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrun-
velyofis Sesaxeb, marTalia, Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi,
magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos es Su-
amdgomloba (ssk 215-e muxli). sasamarTlos mosamza-
debel sxdomaze mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Se-
saxeb gancxadebuli zepiri Suamdgomlobac Seitaneba
am sxdomis oqmSi.

uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
Sinaarsi
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb

rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri formiT
gancxadebul SuamdgomlobaSi unda aisa-
xos:
a) mtkicebulebani, romelTa uzrunvel-
yofac aucilebelia;
b) garemoebani, romelTa dasadastureb-
ladac saWiroa es mtkicebulebani;
g) mizezebi, romlebmac aiZula ganmcxa-
debeli miemarTa SuamdgomlobiT mtkice-
bulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb;
d) mowinaaRmdege mxaris gvari, saxeli da
misamarTi, Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Setanilia sasamar-
TloSi saqmis aRZvramde da ganmcxadebelma
218
icis, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos mowinaaRmdege

mxare.
1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romelsac unda Sei-

cavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri ganc-
xadeba (Suamdgomloba), gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, ra formiTac ar unda iyos igi
gakeTebuli, motivirebuli unda iyos, raTa sasamar-
Tlos SeeZlos gadawyvitos uzrunvelsayofi mtkice-
bulebis dasaSvebobisa da gankuTvnadobis sakiTxi (ssk
102-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 104-e muxli).
kerZod, ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos: ara marto
mtkicebulebaze, romlis uzrunvelyofasac igi moiT-
xovs aramed sad imyofeba an mdebareobs es mtkicebu-
leba.
mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxova saerTod da miT ufro,
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia mxolod im
pirobiT, Tu am mtkicebulebiT SeiZleba dadasturdes
saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone raime garemoeba, e. i.
garemoeba, romelic asabuTebs mosarCelis moTxovnas
an mopasuxis Sesagebels.
aqedan gamomdinare, im garemoebaze miTiTeba, rom-
lis dasadastureblad saWiroa uzrunvelyofa, warmo-
adgens gancxadebis ganxilvis winapirobas.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasru-
lebeli RonisZiebebis gasatareblad ar kmara mxolod
is, rom mtkicebulebas mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis.
aucilebelia, agreTve, arsebobdes realuri saSiSro-
eba imisa, rom am mtkicebulebis mogvianebiT wardge-
na an gamoyeneba Zneli an SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. Tu ase-
Ti saSiSroeba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlom uari unda
Tqvas mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze.
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasru-
lebeli saproceso moqmedeba unda ganxorcieldes sa-
moqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili we-
siT (ssk 113-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
zogjer, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb sa-
219
samarTlom unda Seatyobinos mxareebs. swored amito-

maa, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mxareebi
da maTi misamarTebi, magram Tu uzrunvelyofa sarCe-
lis aRZvramde unda ganxorcieldes, maSin gancxade-
baSi miTiTebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi mxare da misi mi-
samarTi, romlis winaaRmdegac mosarCele apirebs sar-
Celis aRZvras.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamar-
Tlom SeiZleba Seasrulos sxvadasxva moqmedeba, ker-
Zod, dakiTxos mowme, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkice-
buleba, daniSnos eqsperti da sxva. yvela es saproce-
so moqmedeba unda Sesruldes kanoniT dadgenili we-
siT, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia mowmis dakiTxvisaT-
vis, adgilze daTvalierebisaTvis, eqspertis daniSv-
nisaTvis da a. S. (ssk 113-e muxli), garda im gamonakli-
sebisa, rac gaTvaliswinebulia ssk 116-e muxliT (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
_ xarjebi, rac aucilebelia mtkicebulebaTa uz-
runvelsayofad, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelic amas
moiTxovs (ssk 52-e da 118-e muxlebi).
_ Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul moT-
xovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 185-e muxlis analo-
giiT misces vada ganmcxadebels xarvezis Sesavsebad.
cxadia, rom sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gamoiyenos kano-
nis analogia da gamoitanos ganCineba mtkicebulebis
uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (ssk 119-e mux-
li).
muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCineba

Sesaxeb
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesa-

xeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba, ro-
melSic miuTiTebs misi warmoebis wessa da
saSualebebze.
220
2. saproceso moqmedeba, rac saWiroa mtki-

cebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, unda Ses-
ruldes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCi-

nebaSi konkretulad unda mieTiTos im saproceso moq-
medebaze, romelic unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, dai-
kiTxos mowme, miRebuli iqnes axsna-ganmarteba mopa-
suxisagan, dainiSnos eqspertiza, Catardes daTvalie-
reba, mowveul iqnes specialisti (ssk 123-e muxli) da
a. S.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCi-
nebaSi miTiTebuli moqmedeba, magaliTad, mowmis da-
kiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna, werilobiTi Tu nivTie-
ri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba unda Sesruldes
ise, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs ssk-is Sesabamisi mux-
lebi gamonaklisebis garda, rac gaTvaliswinebulia
114-e 116-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
muxli 114. specialistis

monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis dros
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad ama Tu

im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros
sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialis-
ti 204-e muxliT dadgenili wesiTa da
safuZvlebiT.
_ imisda mixedviT, Tu konkretulad romeli sapro-

ceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes, sasamarTlos SeuZ-
lia moiwvios specialisti.
_ specialisti ver Secvlis sasamarTlos (mosamar-
Tles). igi damoukideblad araviTar saproceso moqme-
debas ar asrulebs. mas SeuZlia mxolod monawileoba
miiRos mosamarTlis mier Catarebul saproceso moq-
medebaSi _ misces mas konsultaciebi Tavisi specialu-
221
ri codnis Sesabamisad da aRmouCinos mas daxmareba

saproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi (ix.
ssk 204-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 115. mxareTa monawileoba

mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi
1. mxareebs ecnobebaT mtkicebulebaTa uz-
runvelyofis dro da adgili, magram maTi
gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs uzrun-
velyofis mizniT Sesabamisi saproceso moq-
medebis Sesrulebas.
2. gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi mtkicebule-
baTa uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia mxare-
TaTvis Seutyobinebladac.
1. damoukideblad imisa, Tu romeli konkretuli

saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT xdeba mtkicebule-
baTa uzrunvelyofa (ssk 113-e muxli), mxareebs unda
ecnoboT aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgi-
li.
Setyobineba unda moxdes uwyebiT, romelic mxare-
ebs egzavnebaT ssk 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT
da masSi unda aRiniSnos saproceso moqmedebis xasia-
Ti da mizani.
2. mxareTaTvis Setyobinebis valdebuleba aRar ar-
sebobs, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gadaude-
belia, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebu-
lebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi.
_ gadaudebeli SeiZleba iyos iseTi SemTxveva, ro-
desac uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs malfuWebadi nivTi-
eri mtkicebulebebi, mowmis mZime daavadebiT gamow-
veuli krizisuli mdgomareoba da sxva.
222

uzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebili
masalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna
1. oqmebi da mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvel-

yofis wesiT Sekrebili yvela masala gaeg-
zavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.
2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa mox-
da sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, uzrun-
velyofis dros Sedgenili oqmi da sxva
masalebi Seinaxeba sasamarTloSi, romle-
bic Semdgom, mxareTa TxovniT an TviT sa-
samarTlos iniciativiT, gadaegzavneba im
sasamarTlos, romelic ganixilavs saqmes.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesru-

lebuli saproceso moqmedebis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, ag-
reTve, miRebuli Sedegebi unda aisaxos Sesabamis oqm-
Si. uzrunvelyofis dros SeiZleba Sedges naxazebi,
moxdes fotografireba, amoRebul iqnes nimuSebi da
a. S. yvela es masala da maT Soris oqmi, unda gadaeces
saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles (sasamarTlos). aseTi
gadacema (gadagzavna) SeiZleba moxdes mxaris Suamd-
gomlobiT an TviT mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) inicia-
tiviT.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba moxdes
sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde (ssk 109-e muxlis me-2
nawili). saqmis aRZvramde mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvel-
yofas axdens is sasamarTlo, romlis teritoriazec
imyofeba (mdebareobs) uzrunvelsayofi werilobiTi
Tu nivTieri mtkicebuleba. am dros Sedgenili oqmebi
da sxva masalebi dainteresebul mxares ki ar unda ga-
daeces, aramed Senaxuli unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi,
romelmac uzrunvelyofa moaxdina.
_ sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras sxva sasamarTloSi gan-
sjadobis wesebis dacviT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, sasamarT-
lom, romelmac uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi gaatara
223
da romelTanac inaxeba Sesabamisi oqmebi da sxva masa-

lebi, unda gadaugzavnos (gadasces) isini saqmis ganm-
xilvel sasamarTlos. aseTi gadagzavna SeiZleba mox-
des dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT, agreTve.
TviT saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos iniciativiT.

ganmeorebiTi an damatebiTi
uzrunvelyofa
1. mxareebs, imisgan damoukideblad, mona-

wileobdnen Tu ara isini mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofaSi, ufleba aqvT gamoTqvan
TavianTi mosazrebebi da miuTiTon im xar-
vezebze, romlebsac, maTi azriT, adgili
hqonda uzrunvelyofis dros.
2. saqmis ganxilvis dros sasamarTlos
SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebulebaTa dama-
tebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa.
1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT

procesis nebismier stadiaze gaecnon mtkicebuleba-
Ta uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebil masalebs da ga-
moTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am masalebisa da saer-
Tod, uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebuli saproce-
so moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
2. mxareTa dasabuTebuli SeniSvnebi im xarvezebis
Sesaxeb, romlebic Tan axlda uzrunvelyofis mizniT
Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebas (magaliTad, mow-
mes ar dausves SekiTxva, romlis garkvevasac arsebiTi
mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis) SeiZleba gaxdes mtki-
cebulebaTa damatebiTi uzrunvelyofis safuZveli.
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebuleba-
Ta damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa Tavisi
iniciativiTac.
_ mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uz-
runvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCine-
224
ba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra sakiTxebia

damatebiT gasarkvevi, an ra mizeziTaa ganpirobebu-
li mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa.
_ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebis
anazRaurebis wesi
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gawe-

ul xarjebs gadaixdis piri, romelmac iSu-
amdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe aseTi uz-
runvelyofis Sesaxeb. mowinaaRmdege mxa-
res ufleba aqvs moiTxovos mtkicebuleba-
Ta uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobisaTvis mis
mier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba. sabo-
lood am xarjebis ganawileba moxdeba sa-
samarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTad gadawy-
vetisas.
1. rogorc wesi, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa da-

kavSirebulia garkveul xarjebTan. xarjebis odenoba
SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva imisda mixedviT, Tu ra xasi-
aTis saproceso moqmedebaa Sesasrulebeli. aq igulis-
xmeba mgzavrobis xarjebi, fotogadaRebebisa da naxa-
zebis Sedgenis xarjebi, specialistisaTvis misacemi
Tanxebi da sxva. mowinaaRmdege mxares aunazRaurdeba
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobasTan
dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi, Tu igi amas moiTxovs.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xar-
jebis odenobas winaswar gansazRvravs sasamarTlo,
romelic SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes zusti. sabolood da-
zustebuli xarjebi ganisazRvreba uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebebis Catarebis Semdeg. am xarjebis da, saer-
Tod, sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris
unda moxdes ssk 53-e muxlis Sesabamisad _ saqmis arse-
biTad gadawyvetisas.
225

uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gamotanili
ganCinebis gasaCivreba
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb

sasamarTlos ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar da-
iSveba. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba
mxolod mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze uaris

Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba ker-
Zo saCivris Setana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk
414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
226
T a v i XV
adgilze daTvaliereba
muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi

mtkicebulebebis adgilze
daTvaliereba
sasamarTlos, mxareTa moTxovniT an Tavi-
si iniciativiT, SeuZlia daadginos im niv-
Tieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis ad-
gilze daTvaliereba da gamokvleva, ro-
melTa wardgenac sasamarTloSi ama Tu im
mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia.
_ SeiZleba moxdes mxolod nivTieri an werilobiTi

mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena Zne-
lia an SeuZlebeli (ssk 138-e da 159-e muxlebi). sasa-
marTloSi mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis SeuZlebloba an
siZnele SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpiro-
bebuli. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli naTesebis da-
zianebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. cxa-
dia, rom sasamarTloSi miwis nakveTis wardgena, romel-
zec ganlagebulia naTesebi, SeuZlebelia. an kidev, Tu
dasadgenia didi odenobiT tvirTis dazianebis faqti,
romlis sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia da dakavSire-
bulia did xarjebTan. igive SeiZleba iTqvas werilo-
biT mtkicebulebebzec, Tu maTi raodenoba Zalian di-
dia, maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena gamoiwvevs sawarmos
muSaobis CaSlas, magaliTad, rodesac Sesamowmebelia
sabuRaltro wignebi da a. S.
_ adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZleba moxdes rogorc
mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciati-
viT.
_ mxareTa Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) adgilze daT-
valierebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi
227
miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra mizezebiTaa ganpirobe-

buli adgilze daTvalierebis aucilebloba.
_ saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis mom-
zadebisa da am saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan
acilebis mizniT, adgilze daTvaliereba unda moxdes
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis è~ qvepunqti). mxareTa mier dagvianebiT aRZ-
ruli Suamdgomlobebi adgilze daTvalierebis Sesa-
xeb sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos, Tu ar arse-
bobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc droulad ar iqna aseTi
Suamdgomloba aRZruli (ssk 215-e muxli).
_ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Tu mis Catare-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCi-
neba (121-e muxli).

adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb
1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic mi-
TiTebuli unda iyos daTvalierebisa da
gamokvlevis sagani, agreTve daTvalierebis
dro da adgili. am ganCinebis gasaCivreba
ar daiSveba.
2. mxareebsa da maTs warmomadgenlebs ec-
nobebaT adgilze daTvalierebis dro da
adgili, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver
daabrkolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas.
3. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi adgilze
daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad Se-
iZleba gamoiZaxon mowmeebi.
1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb, damoukideblad

imisa, mxareTa TxovniT Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT
xdeba es, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis Si-
naarsi gansazRvrulia am muxlis pirveli nawiliT.
_ ganCineba adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb miRe-
228
buli unda iqnes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, raTa Ta-

vidan iqnes acilebuli saqmis ganxilvis gaWianureba
(ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawilis è~ qvepunqti). ad-
gilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb mxareTa mier dagviane-
biT aRZrul Suamdgomlobas sasamarTlo ar daakmayo-
filebs, Tu ar arsebobs aseTi dagvianebis sapatio mi-
zezi (ssk 215-e muxli).
_ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos mier mTavar sxdomaze gamotanili ganCineba
imaze miuTiTebs, rom saqme Tavis droze ar iyo srul-
yofilad momzadebuli.
2. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis monawileo-
bas mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvalierebaSi udavod
aqvs garkveuli mniSvneloba: maT SeuZliaT mosamarT-
lis yuradReba miaqcion dasaTvalierebeli nivTebis
Tu werilobiTi masalebis ama Tu im mxaresa da Tvise-
baze. maT monawileobas mniSvneloba aqvs, agreTve ad-
gilze daTvalierebis srulyofilad Catarebis dama-
jereblobisaTvis. amitom, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT
Setyobinebis gagzavna saWiroa. daTvaliereba auci-
lebelia Sedges da igi ar unda gadaidos, Tu aseTi
Setyobinebis miuxedavad, mxareebi da maTi warmomad-
genlebi ar gamocxaddnen daTvalierebaSi monawileo-
bis misaRebad.
3. mowmeebis gamoZaxeba daTvalierebaSi monawile-
obis misaRebad SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
maT SeuZliaT raime daxmareba gauwion mosamarTles
daTvalierebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi. magaliTad,
mowmeebad dasaxelebul pirebs, romlebic eswrebod-
nen an TviTon uSualod monawileobdnen avtotrans-
portiT gadmogzavnili tvirTis gadmozidvaSi, SeuZ-
liaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion imas, Tu rogor
iyo ganlagebuli es tvirTi da saidan SeiZleboda mom-
xdariyo maTi dazianeba.
4. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar daiSveba. ad-
gilze daTvalierebis Catarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
229
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Se-

tana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk 414-420-e mux-
muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebis

Catareba
adgilze daTvalierebas awarmoebs saqmis
ganmxilveli mosamarTle. Tu saqmes sasa-
marTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba ixilavs,
adgilze daTvalierebis movaleoba, am sa-
samarTlos Tavmjdomaris gadawyvetilebiT,
SeiZleba daekisros mis erT-erT wevrs.
Tu saqmes sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba

ixilavs, adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba SeiZleba
daevalos kolegiis erT-erT mosamarTles, am kolegi-
is Tavmjdomaris davalebiT, romelic mxedvelobaSi
iRebs kolegiis mosazrebas. aseTi davaleba SeiZleba
momdinareobdes kolegiidanac. sakiTxebi, romlebic
SeiZleba gadawydes mosamarTlis (am SemTxvevaSi _ ko-
legiis Tavmjdomaris) mier erTpirovnulad, SeiZleba
gadawydes, agreTve, sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgen-
lobis mierac.
muxli 123. specialistis

monawileoba adgilze
daTvalierebaSi
1. adgilze daTvalierebaSi monawileobis

misaRebad sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios
specialisti 204-e muxliT gansazRvruli
safuZvlebiTa da wesiT.
2. specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamar-
Tlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis gasaCiv-
reba ar daiSveba.
230
1. specialisti ar aris eqsperti (ssk 163-e muxli) da

igi ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar wers daskvnas, romel-
sac eqneboda mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba. specialis-
tis ZiriTadi da mTavari funqciaa daxmareba aRmouCi-
nos mosamarTles daTvalierebis srulyofilad Cata-
rebaSi, mosamarTlis yuradReba miapyros ama Tu im ga-
remoebaze, Seadginos naxazebi, moaxdinos fotogada-
Rebebi da a. S. (ssk 204-e muxli). misi rCevebi da kon-
sultaciebi Seitaneba daTvalierebis oqmSi, romelic
gamoyenebuli iqneba saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxil-
vis dros rogorc mtkicebuleba.
2. ganCineba specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb SeiZle-
ba gamoitanos erTpirovnulad im mosamarTlem, rome-
lic atarebs, an romelsac mindobili aqvs daTvalie-
rebis Catareba. mxareebs ar erTmevaT ufleba iSuamd-
gomlon specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb, magram am sa-
kiTxs sabolood wyvets mosamarTle, romelmac Tvi-
Ton unda gansazRvros sWirdeba specialistis daxma-
reba Tu ara.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, specialistis mowvevis Tu
aseT mowvevaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-
Cinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
_ specialistis mowveva dakavSirebulia garkveul
xarjebTan (ssk 45-e muxli), romlebic unda aanazRau-
ros orive mxarem, Tu igi sasamarTlos iniciativiT iyo
mowveuli, an im mxarem, visi iniciativiTac iyo special-
isti mowveuli (ssk52-e muxli).
muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawile

pirTa ufleba-movaleobebi
daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebs, mow-
meebsa da specialistebs ufleba aqvT mo-
samarTlis yuradReba miaqcion ama Tu im
garemoebas, romelsac, maTi azriT, aqvs mniS-
vneloba daTvalierebis srulyofilad Ca-
231
satareblad, saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqo-

ne garemoebaTa dasadgenad.
_ daTvalierebaSi monawileoba SeiZleba miiRon mxo-

lod im pirebma, romlebic mowveuli arian sasamarTlos
mier kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 70-78-e muxlebi). sa-
samarTlo uwyebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos daTvaliere-
bis adgili, sadac unda gamocxaddes mowveuli piri da
gamocxadebis dro (dRe, Tve, ricxvi da saaTi).
_ daTvalierebis dawyebis win sasamarTlom unda ga-
numartos mowveul pirebs mizani, risTvisac isini ari-
an mowveuli, agreTve, maTi uflebebi.
muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmis

Sinaarsi
1. daTvalierebis dros unda Sedges oqmi

(daTvalierebis oqmi), romelSic unda aRi-
niSnos:
a) daTvalierebis adgili da obieqtebi;
b) daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebi, mow-
meebi, specialistebi;
g) daTvalierebaSi monawile pirebis mo-
sazrebebi, maTi SeniSvnebi;
d) daTvalierebisa da gamokvlevis Sede-
gebi.
2. oqms SeiZleba daerTos daTvalierebis
dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuli gegmebi,
naxazebi, suraTebi da a. S.
1. daTvalierebis oqmi aris mtkicebis saSualeba

(mtkicebuleba). amitom, oqmis srulyofilad Sedge-
nas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces. misi Si-
naarsi zustad unda Seesabamebodes ssk 125-e muxlis
moTxovnebs.
_ daTvalierebis SedegebSi igulisxmeba faqtebi da
garemoebebi, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvs mocemuli
232
konkretuli saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis da romlebic

dadgenilad (dadasturebulad) CaTvala sasamarTlom
adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis safuZvelze.
_ daTvalierebis Sedegad dadgenili faqtebi, ise-
ve rogorc nebismieri mtkicebulebiT dadgenili faq-
tebi, SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebas.
2. daTvalierebis dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuli
gegmebis, naxazebis, fotosuraTebis da a. S. oqmze dar-
Tvas didi mniSvneloba aqvs am oqmiT dadgenili faq-
tebis utyuarobisa da damajereblobisaTvis.
muxli 126. daTvalierebasTan

dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarva
Tu daTvaliereba dakavSirebulia xar-

jebTan, mxarem, romelic Suamdgomlobs sa-
samarTlos winaSe daTvalierebis Sesaxeb,
winaswar unda Seitanos Sesabamisi Tanxa.
Tu adgilze daTvaliereba sasamarTlos ini-
ciativiT xdeba, es xarjebi orive mxarem
unda dafaros.
_ mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisrebaT mxare-

ebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudgi-
non sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi. mxareTa mier ward-
genil mtkicebulebaTa daTvaliereba, Semowmeba da Se-
faseba evaleba sasamarTlos.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mxare miuTiTebs mtkice-
bulebebze, romelTa sasamarTloSi wardgena SeuZle-
beli an Znelia, sasamarTlom adgilze unda daaTvali-
eros da Seamowmos isini. Tu mxare winaswar ver ixdis
saamiso xarjebs, sasamarTlom mainc unda daaTvalie-
ros mtkicebulebebi da Semdeg gadawyvitos xarjebis
ganawilebis sakiTxi.
233
T a v i XVI
mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba
muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis

miReba
1. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemo-

ebebis dadgenis procesi iwyeba mxareTa (me-
same pirTa, TanamonawileTa, kanonismier war-
momadgenelTa) axsna-ganmartebis miRebiT:
mxareebi iZlevian axsna-ganmartebebs maT-
Tvis cnobili da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.
2. sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxa-
res SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege
mxares da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxva
uadgiloa an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxu-
reba saqmis garemoebebis gamokvlevasa da
dadgenas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTi
SekiTxva. SekiTxvis CaTvla Seusabamod an
uadgilod da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosa-
marTles erTpirovnulad, xolo roca saq-
mes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs, maSin _
sxdomis Tavmjdomares.
1. mxare _ es aris piri, romelic sadavo samarTleb-

rivi urTierTobis uSualo monawilea. amitom, man yve-
laze kargad unda icodes im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, rom-
lebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis. am mosazrebiT
xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac mxareTa ax-
sna-ganmartebas Tvlis mtkicebis erT-erT damou-
kidebel da mniSvnelovan wyarod (ssk 102-e muxlis
me _ 2 nawili).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mxareTa axsna-
ganmartebis is nawili, romelic moTxovnis Camoyali-
bebas, dazustebas, Tu dakonkretebas emsaxureba da
234
axsna-ganmartebis is nawili, romelic saqmis faqtob-

riv garemoebebs Seexeba. mtkicebulebas warmoadgens
mxaris axsna-ganmartebis mxolod is nawili, romelic
saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebebis arseboba _ ararsebobas adasturebs. imi-
sda miuxedavad, Tu ra formiTaa warmodgenili mxare-
Ta axsna-ganmarteba _ werilobiTi Tu zepiri formiT,
mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs axsna-ganmartebis
mxolod im nawils, romelic Seicavs miTiTebebs faq-
tebis Sesaxeb.
_ mxare aris dainteresebuli piri da misi Cveneba
faqtebis Sesaxeb am interesiT iqneba ganpirobebuli.
aseTi viTareba sasamarTlos avalebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradRebiT Seafasos mxaris axsna _ ganmarteba. mxa-
ris yoveli ganmarteba faqtebis Sesaxeb, romelic ga-
keTebulia mis sasargeblod, magaliTad, mopasuxis gan-
marteba imis Sesaxeb, rom man Seasrula valdebuleba
mosarCelis winaSe, marTalia, aris mtkicebuleba, mag-
ram igi arasakmarisi mtkicebulebaa, romelic moiT-
xovs dadasturebas sxva mtkicebulebebis meSveobiT.
rac Seexeba mxaris axsna _ ganmartebas faqtis Sesaxeb,
romelic gakeTebulia mis sazianod da mowinaRmdege
mxaris sasargeblod (aRiareba) _ is ukve aris sakma-
risi mtkicebuleba da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sa-
samarTlo gadawyvetilebas (ssk 131-e muxli).
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTloebSi far-
Todaa gavrcelebuli praqtika, romlis mixedviT, axs-
na _ ganmartebas saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Se-
saxeb iZleva ara uSualod mxare, romelic eswreba saq-
mis ganxilvas, aramed misi warmomadgeneli, rac ar Se-
esabameba kanons.
warmomadgenels aqvs farTo saproceso uflebebi, mas
SeuZlia gaanalizos saqmis masalebi, gamoTqvas Tavisi mo-
sazrebebi saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis utyuaro-
bis Sesaxeb, agreTve, imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli kanoni un-
da iqnes gamoyenebuli da rogori gadawyvetileba unda
iqnes gamotanili da a. S. (ssk 98-e muxli). magram, mas ar
235
SeuZlia Seasrulos mxaris, rogorc mtkicebulebis wya-

ros funqcia, iseve rogorc ar SeuZlia Seasrulos mow-
mis funqcia. ufro metic, igi ar SeiZleba daikiTxos ro-
gorc mowme iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis
cnobili gaxda warmomadgenelis movaleobis Sesrule-
basTan dakavSirebiT (ssk 141-e muxli).
2. mxaris mier axsna _ ganmartebis micemis Semdeg,
mas SeiZleba SekiTxvebi misces mowinaaRmdege mxarem.
SekiTxvis micema dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlos (mo-
samarTlis an sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomaris) ne-
barTviT. amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos evaleba ganux-
relad daicvas SekiTxvebis micemis ssk 127 _ e muxlis
meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi, kerZod, ar da-
uSvas SekiTxvebis micema misi nebarTvis gareSe da mox-
snas nebismieri SekiTxva, Tu igi ar emsaxureba saqmis
faqtobrivi garemoebis garkvevas.
am wesis daucveloba zogjer iwvevs dausrulebel Se-
kiTxvebs, saqmis ganxilvis uzomod gaWianurebas da ar-
cTu iSviaTad, urTierTSeuracxyofas. sasamarTlom
unda uxelmZRvanelos sxdomas da misi nebarTvis gare-
Se ar unda dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema, xolo Tu aseTi
SekiTxva mainc misces mxareebma erTmaneTs, sasamarTlom
dauyovnebliv unda aRkveTos maTi aseTi moqmedeba.
muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi

mosamarTles ufleba aqvs SekiTxvebi mis-
ces mxareebs, romlebic xels Seuwyoben saq-
mis gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
garemoebebis srulad da zustad gansazR-
vras, maTs dasadastureblad mtkicebule-
baTa gamovlenas da sasamarTloSi wardge-
nas, maTi utyuarobis gamorkvevas.
1. ssk 128-e muxli Seicavs sakmaod naTel kriteriu-

mebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra sakiTxebis gasarkvevad unda
mieces SekiTxvebi mxareebs. es sakiTxebia: a) mtkice-
236
bis sagnis anu im garemoebebis srulad da zustad gan-

sazRvra, romlebzec mosarCele da mopasuxe amyare-
ben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels. marTalia, mxa-
reebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi un-
da daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels,
magram, Tu mxareebi miuTiTeben iseT garemoebebze,
romlebic iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs
(Sesagebels), sasamarTlom dro ar unda dakargos ase-
Ti garemoebebis dadgenisaTvis. mtkicebis sagani sa-
bolood unda dazustdes da dakonkretdes mxareTa
axsna-ganmartebebisa da maTTvis SekiTxvebis micemis
meSveobiT; b) yvela im mtkicebulebis gamovlena, rom-
lebic, marTalia ar aris wardgenili sasamarTloSi,
magram romlebic SeiZleba gaaCndeT mxareebs, agreT-
ve, wardgenil mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobisa da gan-
kuTvnadobis (mniSvnelobis) sakiTxebis garkveva, ase-
ve is, aris Tu ara mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yvela ga-
remoebis dasadastureblad wardgenili Sesabamisi
mtkicebuleba da romeli mxarea valdebuli aseTi
mtkicebuleba waradginos; g) ramdenad sarwmuno da
utyuaria wardgenili mtkicebulebebi.
sasamarTlom mxareTa winaSe SeiZleba dasvas sxva
sakiTxebic, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmis swo-
rad gadawyvetisaTvis (ssk 218-e muxli).
_ saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio pa-
lata did mniSvnelobas aniWebs sasamarTloebis mier
am muxliT miniWebuli uflebis efeqtianad gamoyene-
bis aucileblobas da auqmebs gadawyvetilebas dausa-
buTeblobis motiviT, rac gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom
sasamarTloebma ar dausves Sesabamisi SekiTxvebi mxa-
reebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobdnen rogorc saqmis swo-
rad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebe-
bis (mtkicebis sagnis) srulad da zustad gansazRvras,
ise Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis gamovlenas20.
20
237
muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar

SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba
ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba:

a) iseTi pirisagan, romelsac Tavisi fi-
zikuri naklis an fsiqikuri aSlilobis
gamo ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas faqtebi
da misces maT Sesaxeb swori Cveneba;
b) sasuliero pirisagan iseTi garemoeba-
Ta Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsare-
bis dros;
g) Tanamdebobis pirisagan iseT garemoe-
bebze, romelTa Sesaxeb saidumloebis dacvac
mis samsaxurebriv movaleobaSi Sedis, Tu
igi ganTavisuflebuli ar aris aseTi sai-
dumloebis dacvisagan.
a) sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebs afasebs Tavisi Sina-

gani rwmeniT, maTi utyuarobisa da sarwmunoobis Tval-
sazrisiT. amitom, drois unayofod xarjva iqneboda
mxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba iseTi faqtis Se-
saxeb, romelsac mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis, magram
romlis swored aRqma da swori Cvenebis micema mas ar
SeuZlia. magaliTad, Tu mxare aris brma, mas ar SeeZlo
swored aReqva iseTi faqti, romlis aRqma mxolod
mxedvelobiT SeiZleboda. aseve, Tu mxare aris yru-
munji, ar SeiZleba misgan miviRoT Cveneba iseTi faq-
tis Sesaxeb, romlis aRqma smenas moiTxovs da a. S.
b) mxaris mier aRsarebis dros ama Tu im faqtis gan-
doba da misi monanieba dakargavda yovelgvar azrs, Tu
SesaZlebeli da dasaSvebi iqneboda misi gaxmaureba. ami-
tom, sasuliero pirisagan ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmarte-
bis miReba iseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaan-
dves aRsarebis dros, Tu es piri gvevlineba mxared.
igi ar SeiZleba aseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb mowmedac dai-
kiTxos (ssk 141-e muxli). sxva mxriv, am mimarTebiT ara-
viTari SezRudva ar arsebobs da sasuliero pirisagan,
238
iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva pirisagan, SeiZleba axs-

na-ganmartebis miReba, roca igi mxared gvevlineba saq-
meSi.
saidumloebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rig-
Si, gasaTvaliswinebelia moTxovnebi, romlebsac Sei-
cavs saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo saidumloebis
Sesaxeb~, romelic aregulirebs informaciis saxelm-
wifo saidumloebad miCnevasTan, mis gasaidumloebasa
da dacvasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv urTierTo-
bebs Tavdacvis, ekonomikis, sagareo urTierTobebis,
dazvervis, saxelmwifo uSiSroebisa da marTlwesri-
gis dacvis sferoebSi. es kanoni gansazRvravs, Tu ra
xasiaTis informacia ganekuTvneba saxelmwifo saidum-
loebas da ra xasiaTis informacia ar miiCneva saxelm-
wifo saidumloebad (am kanonis me-7 da me-8 muxlebi).
saidumloebis dacvis valdebulebebs Seicavs sxva
kanonebic. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-
los kanonis me-18.2 muxlis Tanaxmad, `sazogadoebis
organoebis sxdomaTa Sinaarsi da Sedegebi konfidenci-
aluria, Tu ki es Sedegebi ar eqvemdebareba gamoqvey-
nebas, an Tu sazogadoebis wesdeba sxva rames ar iTva-
liswinebs~.
`notariatis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 mux-
lis 1 punqtis Tanaxmad, `notariusi movalea saidum-
lod Seinaxos cnobebi, romelic misTvis cnobili gax-
da samsaxurebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. es mo-
valeoba ZalaSi rCeba notariusis samsaxuridan gaTa-
visuflebis Semdegac~.
saidumloebis dacvis valdebuleba SeiZleba gaT-
valiswinebuli iyos sxva kanonebiTac.
muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba

erT-erTi mxaris gamoucxadeblobis
SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlo sxdomaze erT-erTi mxaris

gamoucxadebloba an gamocxadebuli mxa-
239
ris uari, misces sasamarTlos axsna-gan-

marteba, ver daabrkolebs meore mxarisgan
aseTi axsna-ganmartebis miRebis SesaZleb-
lobas.
_ mxare ar aris valdebuli sasamarTlos misces axs-

na-ganmarteba. mas SeuZlia saerTod ar gamocxaddes
sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an gamocxaddes, magram uari ga-
nacxados rogorc axsna-ganmartebis micemaze, ise sa-
erTod, saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobaze (ssk 232-e mux-
li). erT-erTi mxaris aseTi umoqmedeba araviTar gav-
lenas ar axdens meore mxaris saproceso uflebebze,
romelsac sruli ufleba aqvs sasamarTlos aseT piro-
bebSic misces axsna-ganmarteba da Seasrulos nebismi-
eri saproceso moqmedeba _ aRZras sasamarTlos wina-
Se sxvadasxva xasiaTis Suamdgomlobebi, maT Soris, da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb im mxa-
ris winaaRmdeg, romelic ar gamocxadda, an gamocxad-
da, magram monawileobas ar iRebs saqmis ganxilvaSi (ssk
232-e muxli).
muxli 131. aRiareba
erTi mxaris mier iseTi garemoebis arse-

bobis an ararsebobis dadastureba (aRia-
reba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebs
Tavis moTxovnebsa Tu Sesagebels, sasamar-
Tlom SeiZleba sakmaris mtkicebulebad CaT-
valos da safuZvlad daudos sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebas.
1. faqtis aRiareba _ es aris mxareTa axsna-ganmar-

tebis erT-erTi saxesxvaoba _ mtkicebuleba, romel-
sac zogjer mtkicebulebaTa mefesac ki uwodeben.
aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis Tavisebureba imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom am mtkicebulebiT xdeba iseTi faq-
tis dadastureba, romelzec meore (mowinaaRmdege)
240
mxare amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas an Sesagebels. maSasa-

dame, faqts, romelic unda daedasturebina erT mxa-
res, adasturebs misi mowinaaRmdege mxare. swored
amitom, aRiareba, rogorc mtkicebuleba, iTvleba ut-
yuar mtkicebulebad, radgan igi gakeTebulia mowina-
aRmdege mxaris sasargeblod da amRiareblis inte-
resebis sawinaaRmdegod.
_ `rac Seexeba valis odenobis sakiTxs _ naTqvamia
sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ m.z-ia-
nis mier 7000 amerikuli dolaris sesxebis faqts, aR-
niSnuli dadasturebulia mis mier micemuli axsna-gan-
martebiT. ssk 131-e muxlis Tanaxmad ki, erTi mxaris
mier iseTi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis dadas-
tureba (aRiareba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebs
Tavis moTxovnas da Sesagebels, sasamarTlom SeiZle-
ba sakmao mtkicebulebad CaTvalos da safuZvlad da-
udos gadawyvetilebas~.21
_ faqtis aRiareba unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis
aRiarebisagan (me 3-e da 208-e muxlebi). sarCelis aRi-
areba _ es aris mxaris mier Tavisi uflebis gankargvis
aqti. sarCelis aRiarebis dros, amRiarebeli mxare
cnobs sasarCelo moTxovnis marTlzomierebas da aseT
SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba, Semowmeba da
Sefaseba aRar aris saWiro. mopasuxe acxadebs, rom
cnobs sarCels da valdebulia daakmayofilos mosar-
Celis moTxovnebi.
faqtis aRiarebis dros ki mxare cnobs mxolod ro-
melime faqtobriv garemoebas, magram ara sarCels. ma-
galiTad, mopasuxem cno, rom man marTlac aiRo sesxi
mosarCelisagan, magram daabruna vali, an Seasrula mo-
sarCelis sasargeblod samuSao, romlis Rirebuleba
unda CaiTvalos valSi da a.S.
21
241
muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma
saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoe-

bis arsebobis an ararsebobis aRiareba
mxares SeuZlia rogorc zepiri, ise weri-
lobiTi formiT, saqmis winaswari sasamar-
Tlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis an am saq-
mis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros.
Tu aRiareba warmodgenilia werilobiTi
formiT, igi daerTvis saqmes. zepirad ga-
keTebuli aRiareba Seitaneba sasamarTlo
sxdomis oqmSi.
_ ssk 132-e muxliT gansazRvrulia aRiarebis, ro-

gorc mtkicebulebis, forma. aseTi aRiareba mxares Se-
uZlia gaakeTos werilobiTi an zepiri formiT. faqtis
aRiarebis Sesaxeb mxarem SeiZleba werilobiT Camoaya-
libos Tavis SesagebelSi (ssk 201-e muxli), an kidev,
mopasuxis Sesagebelze mosarCelis werilobiT pasux-
Si (ssk 202-e muxli). cxadia, rom mxares aseTi werilo-
biTi aRiareba SeuZlia gaakeTos calke werilobiT gan-
cxadebaSi.
_ zepiri formiT mxaris mier faqtis aRiareba SeiZ-
leba gakeTdes mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, ima-
ve sxdomis oqmSi misi SetaniT.
_ faqtis aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani saSualebis, wyaro SeiZleba iyos
uSualod mxare. amitom, warmomadgenels (advokats) ar
SeuZlia faqtis aRiareba. warmomadgenelma SeiZleba
gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba saqmeSi arsebul mtkice-
bulebaTa sarwmunoobisa da utyuarobis Sesaxeb, mag-
ram Caenacvlos mxares, rogorc mtkicebis saSualeba-
Ta wyaros _ mas ar SeuZlia. marwmunebels, Tu amis sur-
vili da neba aqvs, TviTon SeuZlia cnos, aRiaros saqmi-
saTvis mniSvnelobis esa Tu is garemoeba, im formiT, rac
am muxliTaa gansazRvruli. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mxa-
res ar surs, an ar SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos saqmis
242
zepir ganxilvaSi, mas SeuZlia werilobiTi formiT wa-

rudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi aRiareba faqtis Sesaxeb.
muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwyleba

mxaris mier
1. mxares SeuZlia sasamarTlos mier ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotanamde gaaqarwylos
(uaryos) Tavisi aRiareba, Tu daamtkicebs,
rom es aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi da
ganpirobebuli iyo iseTi garemoebiT, ro-
melic cnobili gaxda misTvis aRiarebis
Semdeg, anda masze fsiqikuri Tu fizikuri
zemoqmedebiT, romelic gamoricxavda mis
Tavisufal nebas.
2. aRiarebis uaryofa sasamarTlom unda
daasabuTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi.
1. mxares, romelmac aRiara saqmisaTvis mniSvnelo-

bis mqone esa Tu is faqti (garemoeba), ufleba aqvs Sem-
dgom gaaqarwylos (uaryos) es aRiareba oRond kanoni
gansazRvravs amisaTvis aucilebel pirobebs. es piro-
bebia: a) aRiarebis gaqarwyleba gadawyvetilebis gamo-
tanamde. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg sasamarT-
lo, bunebrivia, veRarc ganixilavs aRiarebis gaqarwy-
lebis sakiTxs da veRarc Secvlis Tavis gadawyveti-
lebas. es imas ar niSnavs, rom saapelacio sasamarTlo-
Si aRar SeiZleba aRiarebis gaqarwylebis sakiTxi dais-
vas. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos es sa-
kiTxi, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyveti-
lebis gamotanamde iqneba dayenebuli mxaris mier 380-
e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT. b) mxarem, romelic mo-
iTxovs mis mier gakeTebuli aRiarebis gaqarwylebas,
unda daamtkicos (damtkicebis tvirTi) Semdegi faq-
tebi: 1) aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi; magaliTad,
gamnaTxovrebelma aRZra sarCeli mopasuxis mimarT
naTxovari nivTis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. mopasuxem
243
(monaTxovrem) aRiara, rom man marTla inaTxovra sada-

vo nivTi, magram uvadod da amitom araa valdebuli da-
ubrunos igi mosarCeles. Semdeg mopasuxem ganacxada,
rom faqtis aseTi aRiareba iyo Secdoma, radgan man niv-
Ti saCuqrad momca da ara naTxovrobiT. Secdoma ga-
mowveuli iyo misi iuridiuli gaunaTleblobiT; 2) mas
daemuqra mowinaaRmdege mxare samsaxuridan daTxov-
niT an mis Sesaxeb iseTi cnobebis gavrcelebiT, rome-
lic laxavs mis pativsa da Rirsebas (fsiqikuri zemoq-
medeba); 3) mas scemes da daemuqrnen fizikuri ganad-
gurebiT (fizikuri zemoqmedeba).
amrigad, faqtis aRiareba unda gamoxatavdes amRia-
reblis Tavisufal nebas da Tu amRiarebeli daamtki-
cebs, rom aseTi neba sinamdvileSi gamoricxuli iyo _
aRiareba gaqarwyldeba.
2. sasamarTlo ver Semoifargleba mxolod imaze mi-
TiTebiT, rom mxarem uaryo Tavisi aRiareba. man Tavis
gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos, Tu ratom, am mux-
lis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli romeli garemoebis sa-
fuZvelze uaryo mxaris aRiareba.
244
T a v i XVII
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba
muxli 134. werilobiTi

mtkicebulebebi da maTi wardgenis
wesi
1. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs warmoad-
gens aqtebi, sabuTebi, saqmiani da piradi
xasiaTis werilebi, romlebic Seicavs cno-
bebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan garemoebaTa
Sesaxeb.
2. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs sasamarT-
los warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver
SeZlo werilobiTi mtkicebulebaTa miReba
im pirisagan, visTanac es mtkicebulebebi
imyofeba, mas SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos sasa-
marTlos winaSe, raTa sasamarTlom gamo-
iTxovos isini.
3. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxo-
vis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli pi-
ri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu saqmis ra
mniSvnelovani garemoebis dadgena SeiZle-
ba am mtkicebulebiT da ras efuZneba misi
varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba mis mier miTi-
Tebuli piris xelTaa.
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxo-
vaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasa-
buTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke
ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. werilobiTia mtkicebuleba, romelic werilobi-

Ti niSnebis gamoyenebiT Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis Sesaxeb. amiT igi gan-
sxvavdeba nivTieri mtkicebulebebisagan, romlebic
Tavisi TvisebiT an xarisxiT Seicaven aseT cnobebs
(154-e muxli).
245
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba sxvadasxva saxisa da sxva-

dasxva formis SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad: a) saqmiani Tu
piradi werilebi, xelwerilebi da ubralo werilobiTi
formiT Sedgenili dokumentebi; b) oficialuri for-
misa da Sinaarsis aqtebi (magaliTad, dabadebis mowmo-
ba, qorwinebis mowmoba da a. S.); g) notarialurad da-
mowmebuli xelSekrulebebi da a.S.
2. damtkicebis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs (102-e
muxli). am zogadi principidan gamomdinare, werilo-
biTi mtkicebulebebi TviTon mxareebma unda warud-
ginos sasamarTlos. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxarem
ver miiRo werilobiTi masalebi fizikuri Tu iuridi-
uli pirisagan, an ama Tu im saministrosagan, mas SeuZ-
lia mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT (gancxade-
biT), rom gamoiTxovos es werilobiTi masalebi. aseT
SuamdgomlobebSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom miuxe-
davad araerTgzis mcdelobisa man ver miiRo es weri-
lobiTi masalebi.
_ Suamdgomloba werilobiTi masalebis gamoTxovis
Sesaxeb unda aRiZras saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, rad-
gan momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, sasamarTlom Se-
iZleba ar daakmayofilos igi (215-e muxli).
3. 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili warmoadgens 104-e mux-
liT damkvidrebul mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis
principis dakonkretebas, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarT-
lom ar unda miiRos da ar unda gamoiTxovos iseTi mtki-
cebuleba, romelsac ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba hqondes mniSvneloba
Tu igi araa mimarTuli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaT-
vis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis dadasturebisaken.
amitom evaleba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs miuTi-
Tos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba gamosaT-
xovi werilobiTi mtkicebulebiT.
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sa-
samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli
unda iyos: a) organo an piri, romelic valdebulia war-
moadginos werilobiTi masalebi; b) am werilobiTi ma-
246
salebis individualuri (ganmasxvavebeli) niSnebi; g)

gadmogzavnis vada. es ganCineba SeiZleba xelze mieces
dainteresebul mxares, rac daaCqarebda am masalebis
gadmogzavnas. werilobiTi masalebi sasamarTlom un-
da moiTxovos dednis saxiT (135-e muxli).
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uaris
Tqmis ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdes imiT, rom gare-
moebas, romlis dadasturebac unda Suamdgomlobis
aRmZvrel pirs, ar aqvs raime mniSvneloba saqmis swo-
rad gadawyvetisaTvis, an kidev, Suamdgomloba weri-
lobiTi mtkicebulebebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sapatio
mizezis gareSe aRZrulia saqmis momzadebis damTav-
rebis Semdeg mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod am sxdomis
dawyebis win (215-e muxli).
muxli 135. werilobiTi

mtkicebulebis dednis wardgena
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba, rogorc wesi,
wardgenil unda iqnes dednis saxiT. Tu
wardgenilia sabuTis asli, sasamarTlos,
mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi inicia-
tiviT, SeuZlia moiTxovos dednis wardge-
na. piri SeiZleba ganTavisufldes dednis
wardgenisagan mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
daamtkicebs, rom aseTi sabuTis wardgena
garkveuli mizeziT, romelsac sasamarTlo
safuZvlianad miiCnevs, SeuZlebelia. sabu-
Tis aslisaTvis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvne-
lobis miniWeba damokidebulia sasamarT-
los Sexedulebaze.
1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac teqnikis ganviTarebam

miaRwia arnaxul masStabebs da dokumentis gayalbeba
TiTqmis araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgens. werilobi-
Ti sabuTebis dednis saxiT warmodgenas sasamarTloSi
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos.
247
_ imisaTvis, rom mxare dedani sabuTis wardgenis mo-

valeobisagan ganTavisufldes, man unda daamtkicos,
rom dedani sabuTi ganadgurda xanZrisagan, raime sti-
qiuri movlenisagan da sxva.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, mieniWos Tu ara sabuTis aslebs
mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba damokidebulia sasamar-
Tlos mixedulebaze, romelmac am sakiTxis gadawyve-
tis dros mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos mxareTa mosaz-
rebebi.
amrigad, sabuTis aslis mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba
ar ikrZaleba, magram rogorc sworad miuTiTa saqarT-
velos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam `sasamar-
Tlos mixeduleba, romlis safuZvelzec sabuTis asls
eniWeba mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba, unda iyos dasa-
buTebuli, xolo mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad
udevs sasamarTlos mixedulebas, unda iyos asaxuli
gadawyvetilebaSi.22
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis aslisaTvis mtkice-
bulebiTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs
imas, rom saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone esa Tu is faq-
ti dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaiTvalos. sa-
samarTlo afasebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs maT
erTobliobaSi da Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ise rogorc
dednis saxiT warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, ma-
Ti aslebic sasamarTlom SeiZleba uaryos, rogorc ara-
sarwmuno, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba saqmeSi arsebul
sxva mtkicebulebebs.
muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTvis

werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis
wardgenis savaldebulooba
1. gamoTxovil werilobiT mtkicebule-
bebs moqalaqeebi da iuridiuli pirebi ga-
22
248
daugzavnian sasamarTlos daniSnul vada-

Si. Tu maT ar SeuZliaT am vadaSi warad-
ginon es sabuTebi, isini valdebulni arian
acnobon sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb mizeze-
bis miTiTebiT.
2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTx-
vevaSi, rodesac werilobiTi mtkicebuleb-
is wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxov-
na arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasa-
marTlo moqalaqes an sawarmos, dawesebuleb-
is, organizaciis xelmZRvanels anda Sesa-
bamis Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 lariT.
3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqala-
qes an Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs sasamar-
Tlos mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi mtki-
cebulebis wardgenis movaleobisagan.
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis ganmeore-
biT warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-
lo ajarimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli ja-
rimis xuTmagi odenobiT.
5. Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebis ward-
genaze arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs
erT-erTi mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom
mtkicebuleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesax-
eb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTa-
visuflos im faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisa-
gan, romelic am mtkicebulebiT unda dae-
dasturebina da aseTi tvirTi gadaakisros
mxares, romelic uars ambobs werilobiTi
mtkicebulebis wardgenaze.
1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismie-

ri Tanamdebobis piri, valdebulia gadaugzavnos sasa-
marTlos mis mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi sabuTebi Tu
sxva masalebi amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi.
249
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sanqcias aR-

niSnuli movaleobis SeusruleblobisaTvis.
werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba ar
iTvleba Sesrulebulad da am muxliT gaTvaliswine-
buli sanqcia SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes Semdeg Sem-
TxvevebSi:
a) Tu pirma, romlisganac sasamarTlom gamoiTxova
mtkicebuleba, ar gadaugzavna daniSnul vadaSi Seat-
yobina sasamarTlos am vadaSi werilobiTi mtkicebule-
bebis gadaugzavnelobis mizezebis Sesaxeb;
b) Tu Setyobineba marTalia gadaugzavna sasamarT-
los, magram sasamarTlom arasapatiod miiCnia aseTi ma-
salebis warudgenloba (mizezebi ris gamoc isini ar
iqnen wardgenilni).
3. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris),
an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzav-
na sasamarTlos gamoTxovili werilobiTi masalebi, ami-
tom, sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaarkvios
Sesabamisi organizaciis romeli Tanamdebobis pirs mi-
uZRvis brali gamoTxovili masalebis gadaugzavnelo-
baSi. amis garkvevisaTvis unda gaugzavnos SekiTxva or-
ganizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xelmZRvanelisaganac
ar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba uSu-
alod am xelmZRvanelis dajarimebis Sesaxeb.
_ ganCineba unda Seicavdes miTiTebas, rom ganmeo-
rebiT werilobiTi masalebis warudgenlobis SemTxve-
vaSi piri dajarimdeba xuTmagi odenobiT.
4. am muxlis me-5 nawils mxedvelobaSi yavs mxolod
mxare _ mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukide-
beli moTxovniT. Tu aseTi piri, sul erTia fizikuri,
Tu iuridiuli piria igi, ar uaryofs, rom mtkicebu-
leba masTan inaxeba, magram uars ambobs arasapatio
mizeziT mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlos,
romelmac gamoiTxova es werilobiTi mtkicebuleba,
SeuZlia ivaraudos faqti damtkicebulad werilobi-
Ti mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRm-
Zvreli piris sasargeblod da am varaudis gaqarwyle-
250
bis mizniT mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, ro-

melic uars ambobs mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi.
muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTis

siyalbis Sesaxeb
1. mxares ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswari
sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis sta-
diaze ganacxados, rom wardgenili sabuTi
yalbia. aseTi gancxadeba mas SeuZlia gaa-
keTos agreTve saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze
ganxilvis drosac, Tu es sabuTi wardge-
nil iqna am sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an adre
wardgenili sabuTis siyalbe misTvis cno-
bili gaxda sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
2. mtkicebulebis warmdgen mxares Seu-
Zlia sTxovos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebe-
bidan sadavo sabuTis amoricxva da saqmis
gadawyveta saqmeSi arsebuli sxva mtkice-
bulebebis safuZvelze. aseTi Txovnis
ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Seamow-
mebs sabuTis namdvilobas, risTvisac Seu-
Zlia daniSnos eqspertiza, moiTxovos dam-
atebiTi mtkicebulebebis warmodgena an
gamoiTxovos sxva mtkicebulebebi.
3. Tu sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde,
rom wardgenili sabuTi yalbia, mas mtki-
cebulebidan gamoricxavs.
4. wardgenil werilobiT mtkicebuleba-
Ta namdvilobis Semowmeba SeiZleba sasa-
marTlos iniciativiT.
5. Tu dadasturebulia wardgenili sa-
buTis siyalbe, sasamarTlo gamoitans da-
sabuTebul ganCinebas da am dokuments mi-
si siyalbis damadasturebeli mtkicebu-
lebebiT gadascems sagamoZiebo organoebs.
251
1. sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTeba

dasaSvebia mxolod saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. mxo-
lod or SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia mxares siyalbis Sesaxeb
gancxadeba gaakeTos sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
pirveli, roca werilobiTi sabuTi wardgenili iqna
mTavar sxdomaze da, cxadia, amitom gamoricxuli iyo
am sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTeba mom-
zadebis stadiaze da meore, roca sabuTis siyalbe
misTvis cnobili gaxda swored am sxdomaze, rac man
unda daudasturos sasamarTlos. Tu arcerT SemTx-
vevas ar aqvs adgili, maSin sasamarTlo ar ganixilavs
sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebas, ris Sesaxebac
gamoitans ganCinebas, romelzec saCivris Setana ar Se-
iZleba.
2. sabuTis siyalbis damtkicebis tvirTi ar ekisre-
ba mxares, romelmac gaakeTa gancxadeba aseTi siyal-
bis Sesaxeb. piriqiT, mxarem, romelmac es sabuTi war-
moadgina, mas ekisreba am sabuTis namdvilobis damt-
kicebis tvirTi. es imas niSnavs, rom werilobiTi sabu-
Tis namdvilobis varaudi (prezumfcia) gaqarwyldeba
mowinaaRmdege mxaris ubralo gancxadebiT, rom igi
yalbia.
_ sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi moixs-
neba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare moiTxovs mis amo-
ricxvas saqmis masalebidan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarT-
lom unda amoricxos es sabuTi mtkicebulebebidan.
mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba aseT amoricxvaze
saWiro araa. magram, Tu mxare ar moiTxovs amas maSin
sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi ar moixsne-
ba da unda Semowmdes da dadasturdes es namdviloba
am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.
3. sabuTi unda amoiricxos mtkicebulebidan im Sem-
TxvevaSic, roca misi namdviloba ver dadasturda da
sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom igi yalbia.
4. sasamarTlo afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebu-
lebebs uwinares yovlisa im TvalsazrisiT, ramdenad
sarwmuno da utyuaria es mtkicebulebebi. ra Tqma un-
252
da, mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gamoT-

qvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am TvalsazrisiT. magram
mtkicebulebaTa saboloo Sefaseba sasamarTlos pre-
rogativaa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sasamarTlos eWvi
epareba romelime mtkicebulebis namdvilobaSi, mas Se-
uZlia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da saSualebebiT, maT
Soris eqspertizis saSualebiT, Tavisi iniciativiT
Seamowmos mtkicebuleba.
5. me-5 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas imis
Sesaxeb, rom sadavo sabuTis siyalbis dadasturebis
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom gamoitanos motivirebuli
ganCineba da dokumenti, misi siyalbis damadasture-
beli mtkicebulebebiT gadasces sagamoZiebo organo-
ebs.
_ sasamarTlos ganCineba aris mxolod sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqmis aRZvris safuZveli. am ganCinebas ar
aqvs preiudiciuli Zala sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gan-
mxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis da arc sagamoZiebo orga-
noebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom sagamoZiebo organo-
ebma da sisxlis samarTlis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom
SeiZleba sul sxva gadawyvetileba miiRon, vidre sa-
moqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos ganCinebi-
Taa gansazRvruli.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mtkicebule-
bis saxiT warmodgenili dokumentis siyalbis sa-
kiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta, rac mimarTulia am do-
kumentis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis gaqarwyle-
bisaken da sarCelebi dokumentebis siyalbis dad-
genis Sesaxeb, romelTa ganxilvis Sedegad sasamar-
Tlos gamoaqvs ara ganCineba, aramed gadawyvetile-
ba (180-e muxli).
253
muxli 138. werilobiT

mtkicebulebaTa amonaweris
wardgena da maTi daTvaliereba
Senaxvis adgilze
sasamarTloSi sabuTebis wardgenis siZne-
lisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiTxovos sa-
Tanado wesiT Semowmebuli amonawerebis
wardgena an moaxdinos werilobiT mtkice-
bulebaTa daTvaliereba da gamokvleva ma-
Ti Senaxvis adgilze.
1. damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisreba mxare-

ebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudgi-
non mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos, magram Tu sabuTe-
bis simravlisa da gadatanis TvalsazrisiT es Znelia,
sasamarTlo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze SeiZleba dak-
mayofildes am sabuTebis saTanadod damowmebuli as-
lebis warmodgeniT. Tu aseTi amonawerebis gakeTeba da
damowmeba dakavSirebulia xarjebTan _ es xarjebi un-
da gaiRos mxareebma, Tu damowmebuli amonawerebis ga-
keTeba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba. magram, Tu ase-
Ti amonawerebis gakeTeba romelime mxaris iniciati-
viT xdeba, maSin xarjebi winaswar unda gaiRos am mxa-
rem.
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba da ga-
mokvleva maTi Senaxvis adgilze xdeba 120-126-e mux-
muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxva

da dabruneba
saqmeSi arsebuli dedani sabuTebi sasa-

marTloSi erTad inaxeba. aseTi sabuTebi,
maTi warmdgenis TxovniT, SeiZleba daub-
rundes masve, magram saqmeSi unda darCes
254
mosamarTlis mier Semowmebuli dedani

sabuTebis aslebi.
- am muxlSi laparakia mxolod dedani sabuTebis

dabrunebaze, romlebic SeiZleba daubrundes am
sabuTebis warmdgens mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanon-
ier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.
- aseTi sabuTebi SeiZleba daubrundes maT warmomd-
gen pirs gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde an mis kanonier
ZalaSi Sesvlamdec, Tu maTi dabrunebiT ziani ar mi-
adgeba saqmis ganxilvisa da miRebuli gadawyvetileb-
is zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier Semowme-
bis interesebs.
_ Tu dedani sabuTebi ubrundeba maT warmdgens, sa-
samarTlo valdebulia gadaiRos aslebi, daamowmos
isini mosamarTlem da Seinaxos sasamarTloSi (daur-
Tos saqmes). dedani sabuTebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelzec
kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
255
T a v i XVIII
mowmeTa Gveneba
muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba
1. mowmed SeiZleba iyos yoveli piri, rom-

lisTvisac cnobilia raime garemoeba saq-
mis Sesaxeb.
2. mowme SeiZleba gamocxaddes sasamarT-
loSi dainteresebuli mxaris meSveobiT.
3. mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasa-
marTlos winaSe ama Tu im piris mowmed
daSvebisa da dakiTxvis, agreTve misi sasa-
marTlos meSveobiT gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb,
valdebulia miuTiTos misi saxeli, gvari
da sacxovrebeli adgili, agreTve is, Tu
saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ra garemoe-
bis dadastureba SeuZlia mowmes.
4. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas ga-
moZaxebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze an ar gamo-
iZaxos igi, Tu cnobs, rom garemoebebs,
romelTa dasadasturebladac iZaxeben mow-
mes, ara aqvT raime mniSvneloba saqmis ar-
sebiTad gadawyvetisaTvis.
1. zogadi principis Tanaxmad mowmed SeiZleba iyos

nebismieri piri, romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamar-
Tlos cnobebi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb.
gamonaklisebs am zogadi wesidan gansazRvravs ka-
noni, romlis Tanaxmad pirma SeiZleba icodes saqmis
garemoebis Sesaxeb, magram miuxedavad amisa ar SeiZ-
leba, gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli iqnes mowmis saxiT
(141-e muxli).
2. mowme SeiZleba daasaxelos mxarem. sasamarTlos
(mosamarTles) ar SeuZlia TviTon daasaxelos mowme,
gamouZaxos da dakiTxos igi.
256
mowmis dasaxeleba mxares SeuZlia saqmis momzade-

bis stadiaze (201-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `v~ qvepunqti).
_ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, kerZod sa-
samarTlos mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod misi dawyebis
win, mowmis dasaxeleba da Suamdgomloba misi gamoZa-
xebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares ar hqonda sapa-
tio mizezi, ris gamoc ver SeZlo misi droulad dasa-
xeleba (215-e muxli).
3. mowmis dasaxelebis droisaTvis sasamarTlom un-
da icodes mxareTa sasarCelo moTxovnebisa da Sesa-
geblis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi, aqedan gamomdinare,
sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqci-
os imas, Tu romeli faqtis dadasturebis mizniT Suam-
dgomlobs mxare mowmis gamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis Se-
saxeb. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom am faqts ara aqvs saqmis ga-
dawyvetisaTvis raime mniSvneloba, sasamarTlom uari
unda uTxras mxares mowmis gamoZaxebaze.
_ mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar
SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (104-e muxli).
_ mowmis gamoZaxeba warmoebs 70-e -78-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar

SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen mowmed
mowmed yvela SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba
gamoZaxebul da dakiTxul iqnes:
a) piri, romelsac Tavisi fizikuri an
fsiqikuri naklis gamo ar SeuZlia swored
aRiqvas faqtebi da misces maT Sesaxeb swo-
ri Cveneba;
b) sasuliero piri _ im garemoebaTa Sesa-
xeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros;
g) warmomadgenlebi samoqalaqo saqmeebsa
da damcvelebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeeb-
ze _ iseT garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, rom-
257
lebic maTTvis cnobili gaxda maT mier

warmomadgenlis an damcvelis movaleobis
Sesrulebisas.
141-e muxlis à~ da `b~qvepunqtebis mimarT unda iT-

qvas igive, rac ukve iTqva 129-e muxlis komentirebi-
sas.
g) warmomadgenlebi, maT Soris advokatebi (damcve-
lebi), damoukideblad imisa, sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo
saqmeebze gamodiodnen isini, ar SeiZleba mowmed iq-
nen dakiTxuli mxolod iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, ro-
melic cnobili gaxda maTTvis TavianTi profesiuli
saqmianobis Sesrulebis wyalobiT. rac Seexeba sxva
faqtebs da garemoebebs, isini SeiZleba dakiTxul iq-
nen rogorc mowmeebi, magram aseT SemTxvevaSi ver ga-
movlen mxaris warmomadgenlad procesSi. mowmisa da
warmomadgenlis (advokatis) funqciis SeTavseba ar Se-
iZleba.
muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris

Tqmis ufleba
1. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba

aqvT:
a) mxareTa meuRleebs;
b) axlo naTesavebs _ Svilebs, SviliSvi-
lebs, Zmebs, debs, mSoblebs, mSvileblebs,
Svilobilebs, mzrunvelebs, meurveebs, be-
biebs, papebs;
g) pirebs, romlebic TavianTi samsaxu-
rebrivi mdgomareobis gamo valdebulni ari-
an daicvan saidumloeba, Tu isini ganTavi-
suflebulni ar arian am movaleobisagan.
2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma dasaSve-
bia, Tu Cvenebis micema gamoiwvevs mowmis
an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT sisxlissa-
marTlebrivi devnis dawyebas an miayenebs
maT qonebriv zians
258
1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia gamocxad-

des sasamarTloSi da misces swori Cveneba. am valde-
bulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia pa-
suxismgebloba (145-e muxli).
aseTi valdebulebisagan Tavisufldebian pirebi,
romlebisTvisac Tumca cnobilia saqmisaTvis mniSvne-
lobis mqone garemoebebi, magram ganekuTvnebian im pir-
Ta kategorias, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis pir-
vel nawilSi, maT Soris pirebi, romlebic valdebuli
arian daicvan saidumloeba (ix. 129-e muxlis `g~ qvepun-
qtis komentari).
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil pirebs uf-
leba aqvT uari Tqvan Cvenebis micemaze mxolod im pi-
robiT, Tu es gamoiwvevs mis an axlo naTesavis mimarT
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvras, an miayenebs maT qo-
nebriv zians. magaliTad, axlo naTesav mowmes ufleba
aqvs ar misces Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom xanZari gamow-
veuli iyo misi mSoblis uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT, ra-
sac moyva mosarCelis qonebis ganadgureba da a. S. mag-
ram Tu mowmes SeuZlia daadasturos nasyidobis, qi-
ravnobis, sesxis da a. S. xelSekruleba _ es ar SeiZleba
ganvixiloT rogorc qonebrivi zianis miyeneba misi ax-
lo naTesavisaTvis, amitom, aseTi garemoebebis Sesa-
xeb mowme valdebulia misces Cveneba (143-e muxlis à~
qvepunqti).
_ Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma damajereblad unda
daasabuTos mowmem (144-e muxli).
muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis

valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze
uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad
Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis

miuxedavad piri valdebulia misces Cvene-
ba, Tu:
a) saWiroa dadasturdes garigeba, rom-
259
lis dadebisas igi miwveuli iyo mowmed;

b) gasarkvevia ojaxis wevris dabadebis,
daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi;
g) ama Tu im samarTlebrivi urTierTobe-
bis damyarebisas igi moqmedebda, rogorc
erT-erTi mxaris warmomadgeneli.
1. es muxli Seicavs iseTi SemTxvevebis amomwurav

CamonaTvals, rodesac Tumca arsebobs Cvenebis mice-
maze uaris Tqmis ufleba, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 142-
e muxliT, magram miuxedavad amisa piri valdebulia
misces Cveneba.
aseTi SemTxvevebia:
a) roca saWiroa dadasturdes iseTi garigeba, rom-
lis dadebisas piri miwveuli iyo mowmed.
`sanotaro moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis wesis Sesaxeb~
instruqciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, mowmeTa daswreba
savaldebuloa, Tu dasamowmebelia aqti, romlis erT-
erTi monawile aris yru-munji, yru, brma, werakiTxvis
armcodne. mowmeTa daswreba savaldebuloa im SemTx-
vevaSic, roca daswrebas moiTxovs notariusi an sano-
taro aqtis romelime monawile. imave muxliT gansazR-
vrulia, Tu vin ar SeiZleba iyos mowme. instruqciis
25-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad,
sanotaro aqtSi aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli `sa-
notaro aqtis yvela monawilis (maT Soris mowmis, Tar-
jimnis) saxeli, gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, sac-
xovrebeli adgili da sxva~.
_ amrigad, sasamarTloSi dasadasturebeli garige-
ba unda Seicavdes cnobebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin eswre-
boda am garigebis dadebisas mowmed. es pirebi valde-
buli arian gamocxaddnen sasamarTloSi da miscen Cve-
neba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca aqvT ufleba ar miscen
Cveneba sasamarTlos (142-e muxli).
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom Cvenebis micemaze ua-
ris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri marTalia nebiT Tu uneb-
lieT eswreboda garigebis dadebas, magram ara rogorc
260
mowme da, amitom, igi arcaa moxseniebuli am garigebaSi

rogorc mowme. aseT SemTxvevaSi es piri, romelic sar-
geblobs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebiT, araa
valdebuli misces Cveneba, radgan igi ar iyo mowveuli
rogorc mowme. amitom, sasamarTlosaTvis Cvenebis mi-
cema am piris neba-survilzea damokidebuli.
b) roca saWiroa gairkves ojaxis wevris dabadebis,
daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi.
es qvepunqti Seicavs im faqtiuri garemoebebis amom-
wurav CamonaTvals, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis da-
dasturebis mizniT SeiZleba daikiTxos Cvenebis mice-
maze uaris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri (142-e muxli).
g) roca piri moqmedebda rogorc warmomadgeneli.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis 103-e muxlis Tanaxmad `garigeba
SeiZleba daidos warmomadgenlis meSveobiTac, anda
warmoiSoba davalebis (mindobiloba) safuZvelze~.
kanonieri warmomadgenlis mowmed dakiTxvis sakiT-
xi ar dgas maSin, roca isini qmeduunaro an SezRudul
qmedunarianobis mqone piris uflebebs TviTon icaven.
aseT SemTxvevaSi isini gvevlineba mxareebad da maT-
gan SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba (101-e muxli).
magram, roca garigebas debs warmomadgeneli dava-
lebis (mindobilobis) safuZvelze, maSin es warmomad-
geneli kidec rom sargeblobdes Cvenebis micemaze ua-
ris Tqmis uflebiT, mainc valdebulia misces Cveneba
sasamarTlos am garigebis dadebasTan dakavSirebul sa-
kiTxebze.
muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba

daasabuTos uaris Tqma Cvenebis
micemaze
mowmem, romelic uars ambobs Cvenebis mi-
cemaze, unda daasabuTos es uari. sakiTxi
imis Sesaxeb, aqvs Tu ara mowmes ufleba,
uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, sabolood
gadawydeba sasamarTlos mier.
261
1. piris gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvs

ar misces Cveneba ar kmara. man unda daasabuTos (daa-
dasturos), rom aseTi ufleba aqvs. Cvenebis micemaze
uaris Tqmis uflebis dadastureba- damtkicebis tvir-
Ti ekisreba pirs, romelic aseT uflebaze akeTebs gan-
cxadebas. magaliTad, Tu mowmed dasaxelebuli piri
acxadebs, rom igi romelime mxaris axlo naTesavia, un-
da warmoudginos sasamarTlos amis damadasturebeli
dokumenti (142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunq-
ti), an kidev, daasabuTos, rom Cvenebis micema konkre-
tuli faqtis mimarT gamoiwvevs uSualod mis an misi
axlo naTesavi mxaris mimarT sisxlis samarTlis pasu-
xismgeblobas da a. S. (142-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
2. Tu ramdenad SeZlo mowmed dasaxelebulma pirma
daemtkicebina da damajereblad daedasturebina Ta-
visi ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, sabolood
afasebs da wyvets sasamarTlo.
mowmed dasaxelebuli piris Cvenebis micemisagan ga-
Tavisuflebis, an aseT gaTavisuflebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar
SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba

1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia
gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces swo-
ri Cveneba. mowmis sasamarTloSi arasapa-
tio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxveva-
Si igi dajarimdeba 50 lariT. sasamarT-
lom SeiZleba daadginos mowmis iZulebiTi
moyvana.
2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmisa da gan-
zrax araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis mow-
mes SeiZleba daekisros sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgebloba.
262
1. mowmed dabarebul pirs, agreTve mowmed dasaxe-

lebul pirs, romelsac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT ar aqvs
ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze (144-e muxli),
ekisreba ori saxis movaleoba: a) gamocxaddes sasamar-
TloSi daniSnul dros da b) misces swori Cveneba.
2. am movaleobaTa Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia ara
marto samoqalaqo saproceso sanqciiT, aramed sisx-
lis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobiT, rac gaTvaliswine-
bulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e
da 371-e muxlebiT.
muxli 146. mowmis ufleba

1. mowmes ufleba aqvs moiTxovos sasa-
marTloSi gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebuli
xarjebis anazRaureba kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT.
2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daavalos mxa-
res, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac gamoZaxe-
bulia mowme, winaswar gadaixados mowmis
sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasa da dakiTxvas-
Tan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. aseT SemTxve-
vaSi mowmes gamoiZaxebs sasamarTlo mas Sem-
deg, rac mxare Seasrulebs aRniSnuli xar-
jebis gadaxdis movaleobas.
1. mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da mis sasamarTloSi gamoc-

xadebasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebis anazRau-
rebas iTvaliswinebs 45-e muxlis pirveli da me-3 nawi-
lebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. Tu mowme mimarTavs sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT,
rom mas es xarjebi winaswar gadauxadon da sasamarT-
lo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, maSin mas gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba aseTi xarjebis im mxarisagan winaswari gadaxdis
Sesaxeb, romelmac iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe am
mowmis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb.
Tu mxarem ar gadaixada ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli xar-
263
jebi daniSnul vadaSi, maSin sasamarTlo ar gamoiZaxebs

mowmes an gamoiZaxebs, oRond im pirobiT, Tu es ar ga-
moiwvevs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas da mTavari
sxdomis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas.
mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da dakiTxvasTan dakavSire-
buli xarjebis dagvianebiT gadaxda ar SeiZleba gamo-
yenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.
muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis

adgilsamyofelze
mowmis dakiTxva warmoebs Ria sasamarT-

lo sxdomaze. mowme SeiZleba daikiTxos
mis adgilsamyofelze, Tu:
a) avadmyofobis, moxucebulobis, invali-
dobis an sxva sapatio mizeziT mas ar Se-
uZlia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi;
b) saqmis garemoebaTa mixedviT misi ad-
gilze dakiTxva ufro mizanSewonilia.
g) dakiTxul unda iqnes ramdenime mowme,
romlebic erT adgilas cxovroben da maTi
sasamarTloSi gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva da-
kavSirebuli iqneboda did xarjebTan;
d) sxva SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarTlos Sexe-
dulebisamebr.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs mowmis dakiTxvis or ad-

gilmdebareobas: pirveli _ mowme unda daikiTxos sa-
samarTlos mTavar sxdomaze. es imas niSnavs, rom mow-
me ar SeiZleba daikiTxos saqmis winaswari momzadebis
wesiT da meore _ mowme SeiZleba daikiTxos misi faq-
tobrivi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT am muxlis à~, `b~
da `g~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. am
SemTxvevebis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi da sasamar-
Tlos SeuZlia mowmis dakiTxva misi adgilsamyofelis
mixedviT, Tu es ufro mizanSewonilia.
_ mowmis misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT dakiTx-
264
vis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic

garda Cveulebrivi rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli unda
iyos misi dakiTxvis adgili (misamarTi) da dro.
_ mowmis dakiTxva unda moxdes kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT (148-e muxli), romelic kerZod, iTvaliswinebs
mxareebis mier mowmisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemis ufle-
bas. amitom, mowmis adgilze dakiTxvis Sesaxeb auci-
leblad unda ecnobos mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadeblo-
ba mowmis dakiTxvas ver daabrkolebs.
_ ganCineba mowmis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT da-
kiTxvis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva

1. yoveli mowme calke unda daikiTxos.
mowmeebi, romlebsac jer ar miuciaT Cve-
neba, ar unda iyvnen sasamarTlo sxdomis
darbazSi. dakiTxuli mowmeebi rCebian sa-
samarTlo sxdomaTa darbazSi saqmis gan-
xilvis damTavrebamde da ar SeuZliaT ga-
vidnen darbazidan sasamarTlos nebarTvis
gareSe.
2. mowmis dakiTxva iwyeba misi pirovnebis
garkveviT (saxeli, gvari, sacxovrebeli da
saqmianobis adgili da a. S.). amis Semdeg
sasamarTlo arkvevs mowmis damokidebule-
bas saqmeSi monawile pirebTan da winada-
debiT mimarTavs mas acnobos sasamarTlos
yvelaferi, rac misTvis piradad cnobilia
saqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.
3. mowme Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmos-
cems yovelives, rac man icis am garemoeba-
Ta Sesaxeb. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba
mieces mas SekiTxvebi.
4. pirvelad SekiTxvas aZlevs mxare, rom-
lis iniciativiTac daibares mowme an mxa-
ris warmomadgeneli, Semdeg _ mowinaaRmde-
265
ge mxare an misi warmomadgeneli, konkre-

tuli SekiTxvis micemis mizanSewonilobis
sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo.
5. mosamarTles SeuZlia SekiTxva misces
mowmes dakiTxvis yvela momentSi.
1. mowmeTa calke dakiTxvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba

mdgomareobdes imaSi, rom ar moaxdinon gavlena erT-
maneTze Cvenebis micemisas. dakiTxuli mowmis sxdo-
mis damTavrebamde darbazSi yofnas ki SeiZleba is mniS-
vneloba hqondes, rom SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes misi gan-
meorebiT dakiTxva an sxva mowmeebTan dapirispireba
(149-e muxli).
2. mowmis pirovnebis garkveva aucilebelia ara mxo-
lod imisaTvis, rom icodes sasamarTlom da mxareebma
vis dakiTxvas apireben, aramed SeimuSaos am mowmis da-
kiTxvis taqtika. mowmis damokidebulebis garkvevas
mxareebTan (megobroba, daintereseba saqmis SedegiT
da a. S.) aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis mniSvneloba misi Cve-
nebis Sefasebis dros. dakiTxvis dawyebis win sasamar-
Tlo afrTxilebs mowmes araswori Cvenebis micemisaT-
vis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. aseTi gafrTxileba Se-
dis oqmSi, razec xels awers mowme.
3. mowmis dakiTxvis dawyeba SekiTxvebis micemiT da-
uSvebelia. SekiTxvebi mowmes SeiZleba mieces mxolod
mas Semdeg, rodesac Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmoscems
yvelafers, rac icis saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb.
SekiTxvebis micemis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia
imiT, rom Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmocemuli Cveneba,
rogorc wesi, araa yovelTvis sruli. am xarvezis Sev-
sebas da Cvenebis dakonkretebas emsaxureba SekiTx-
vebis micema. sasamarTlom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar un-
da dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema mowmisaTvis, sanam igi
ar daamTavrebs Txrobas.
4. sasamarTlom ganuxrelad unda daicvas SekiTx-
vebis micemis rigiToba, romelic dadgenilia am mux-
lis me-4 nawiliT. amasTan erTad, Tu mxaris mier mowmi-
266
saTvis dasmuli SekiTxva ar emsaxureba saqmisaTvis

mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis garkvevas, sasamarT-
lom unda moxsnas aseTi SekiTxva (221-e muxli).
5. SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba mo-
samarTleze. mas SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowmes nebis-
mier dros, maT Soris pirvelma.
muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT

dakiTxva. mowmeTa dapirispireba
sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Suamdgom-

lobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT meored da-
kiTxos mowme, agreTve moaxdinos mowmeTa
dapirispireba maTs CvenebaSi winaaRmdego-
baTa gasarkvevad.
1. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvis aucilebloba xSirad gan-

pirobebulia imiT, rom mowmis Cveneba SeusabamobaSia
an ewinaaRmdegeba sxva mowmeTa Cvenebas an, saerTod,
saqmeSi arsebul masalebs. sasamarTlo am Seusabamo-
bis moxsnis mizniT iRebs ganCinebas mowmis ganmeore-
biT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb. igive garemoebiTaa ganpirobe-
buli mowmeTa dapirispirebac, ris Sesaxebac sasamar-
Tlo iRebs agreTve ganCinebas.
mowmeTa ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis
Sesaxeb SeiZleba iSuamdgomlos mxareebmac.
ise rogorc mowmis dakiTxva, ganmeorebiT dakiTxva
da mowmeTa dapirispireba SeiZleba moxdes (Tu amis au-
cileblobaa) erT-erTi mowmis adgilsamyofelis mi-
xedviT.
2. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis miz-
nidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom winaswar unda gansaz-
Rvros aseTi dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis taqtika da
wesi. mowmeebs mizanSewonilia winaswar ganemartos gan-
meorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis mizani. mowme-
ebs unda mieces winadadeba miscen Cveneba im erTi da
igive garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis mimarT maTi pirvel-
267
dawyebiTi Cveneba ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. amis Sem-

deg maT SeiZleba dausvan SekiTxvebi im rigis mixed-
viT, romelic gansazRvrulia 148-e muxliT.
3. sasamarTlos ganCineba mowmis ganmeorebiT da-
kiTxvisa Tu dapirispirebis Sesaxeb, an aseT saproce-
so moqmedebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT

sargebloba
mowme Cvenebas aZlevs zepirad, magram mas

SeuZlia isargeblos CanawerebiT, Tu misi
Cveneba dakavSirebulia raime cifrobriv
an sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel cnobebTan.
es Canawerebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an
sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba daer-
Tos saqmes.
_ damoukideblad imisa, mowmis dakiTxva warmoebs

sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT, misi adgilsamyofelis
mixedviT, Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze _ mowme
yovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepirad. mas SeuZlia mxo-
lod isargeblos CanawerebiT da im pirobiT, Tu es Ca-
nawerebi dakavSirebulia cifrobriv an sxva Znelad da-
samaxsovrebel cnobebTan (magaliTad, man unda misces
cnobebi, Tu konkretulad vin monawileobda an eswre-
boda sazogadoebis krebas da am krebis romelma mona-
wilem sinamdvileSi ra mosazreba gamoTqva da a. S.).
_ CanawerebiT sargebloba ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT,
rogorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, romlis Tanaxmad
mowme yovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepiri formiT. Ca-
nawerebiT sargebloba ar niSnavs Cvenebis werilobiTi
formiT gadmocemas. sasamarTlom unda aRkveTos we-
rilobiTi CanawerebiT sargebloba Tu es Canawerebi ar
Seesabameba 150-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebs,
e.i. ar ganekuTvneba cifrobriv an sxva Znelad dasa-
maxsovrebel gaangariSebebsa da cnobebs.
268
mowmis mier Cvenebis zepirad micema qmnis STabeW-

dilebas, rom mowme iZleva faqtis Sesaxeb iseT infor-
macias, rac man uSualod aRiqva da ara iseT Cvenebas,
romelic mxaris SegonebiTaa nakarnaxevi.
muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis

dakiTxvaze
mxares SeuZlia uari Tqvas im mowmis da-
kiTxvaze, romlis gamoZaxebasa da dakiTx-
vaze TviTon iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos wi-
naSe. meore mxares SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos
sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gamocxadebuli
mowme dakiTxul iqnes, xolo Tu dakiTxva
dawyebulia _ gagrZeldes. aseT SemTxvevaSi
mowme unda daikiTxos.
1. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlo-

bas mis mier dasaxelebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb mxolod erTi pirobiT _ Tu mowinaaRm-
dege mxare Tanaxma iqneba amaze. winaaRmdeg SemTxve-
vaSi mowme unda daikiTxos.
muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis

dakiTxva
1. 14 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvisas,
xolo sasamarTlos SexedulebiT _ 14-dan
18 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvis drosac,
SeiZleba mowveul iqnes pedagogi, auci-
leblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moiwvion
agreTve mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi
an mzrunvelebi. aRniSnul pirebs, sasamar-
Tlos nebarTviT, SeuZliaT miscen mowmes
SekiTxvebi.
2. gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, Tu es aucile-
belia swori da gulwrfeli Cvenebis misa-
269
Rebad, arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxvis

dros sasamarTlos winadadebiT sxdomis dar-
bazidan SeiZleba romelime mxaris gayvana.
sxdomis darbazSi am mxaris dabrunebis Sem-
deg mas unda ecnobos arasrulwlovani mow-
mis Cveneba da mieces SesaZlebloba daus-
vas mowmes SekiTxvebi.
3. mowme, romelsac 16 weli ar Sesrule-
bia, dakiTxvis Semdeg tovebs sasamarTlo
sxdomis darbazs, garda im SemTxvevisa, ro-
desac sasamarTlo aucileblad miiCnevs am
mowmis darCenas sxdomis darbazSi.
1. 152-e muxliT gansazRvruli wesebis dacva aras-

rulwlovani mowmeebis dakiTxvis dros, rogoricaa pe-
dagogis mowveva (rogorc savaldebulo), agreTve au-
cileblobis SemTxvevaSi kanonieri warmomadgenlis
(mSoblebis, mSvileblebis, meurveebis, mzrunvelebis)
mowveva, sxdomis darbazidan romelime mxaris gayvana
da a. S. ganpirobebulia erTi umTavresi mizniT _ aras-
rulwlovani mowmisagan Tavisufali, swori da gul-
wrfeli Cvenebis miRebiT.
amitom, am muxliT dadgenili wesebi ganuxrelad un-
da Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier.
muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba
1. mowmis mier ficis dadeba SeiZleba

moxdes mxolod maSin, Tu mis Cvenebas ga-
damwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mxareTa Soris
wamoWrili davis gadawyvetisaTvis da sa-
samarTlo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis.
2. ficis dadeba xdeba dakiTxvis Semdeg.
3. fics ar deben 16 wels miuRweveli
pirebi.
4. ficis dadebis win sasamarTlom unda
auxsnas mowmes ficis mniSvnelobisa da wi-
270
naswarganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi

Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis sa-
marTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.
5. religiuri mniSvnelobis mqone ficis
dadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mi-
marTavs mowmes:
`daificeT yovlisSemZle da yovlismcodne
RmerTis winaSe, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT
TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagi-
malavT~.
amaze mowme upasuxebs:
`vficav, RmerTi iyos Cemi mfarveli!~
6. arareligiuri mniSvnelobis mqone fi-
ci daideba Semdegnairad:
mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes:
`daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT
malavT~.
mowme upasuxebs:
`vficav~.
7. Tu mowme acxadebs, rom igi Tavisi
rwmenisa Tu sxva mosazrebaTa gamo uars
ambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin man Tavisi
Cveneba unda misces ficis Semcvleli da-
dasturebiT. aseTi dadastureba Semdegna-
irad xorcieldeba:
mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes:
àdasturebT Tu ara sasamarTlos winaSe
pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT, rom Tqven
malavT?~.
mowme upasuxebs: `diax, vadastureb~.
1. ficis dadeba mowmis mier SeiZleba moxdes ro-

gorc TviT mowmis iniciativiT, ise mxaris Suamdgom-
lobiT da sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, imisaTvis rom mowmes mieces
271
ficis dadebis SesaZlebloba ori garemoebis erTd-

roulad arsebobaa aucilebeli: erTi _ mowmis Cve-
nebas unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba davis ga-
dawyvetisaTvis, magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebazea damo-
kidebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba, an mis dakmayofi-
lebaze uaris Tqma da meore _ ficis dadebas sasamar-
Tlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis. magaliTad, mowmis Cve-
nebas imis Sesaxeb, rom misi TandaswrebiT mopasuxem
miuTvala sesxad aRebuli Tanxa mosarCeles, aqvs ga-
damwyveti mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. amitom, Tu sasa-
marTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, am mowmes SeiZle-
ba mosTxovos ficis dadeba.
2. fsiqologiis mecnierebis monacemebiT TviTon
faqti piris mowmis saxiT sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisa
STamagonebel zegavlenas axdens am pirze. miT umetes
aseTi zegavlena Zlierdeba, roca mowmes afrTxile-
ben sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. mag-
ram, roca mas RmerTis winaSec aficeben, ar aris gamo-
ricxuli aseTma pirma saerTod ganacxados, rom ara-
feri saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb ar icis da amitom
verc miscems maT Sesaxeb raime Cvenebas. amitom, ficis
dadebis momenti, Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad
CaTvlis, unda moxdes mxolod Cvenebis micemis Sem-
deg da im wesiT, rogorc es am muxlis me-5 nawilSia Ca-
moyalibebuli.
3. religiuri, Tu arareligiuri ficis dadeba (me-5
da me-6 punqtebi) an kidev Tavisi rwmenis gamo, ficis
dadebaze uarisTqma (me-7 nawili), ar aTavisuflebs
sasamarTlos Seafasos mowmis Cveneba Tavisi Sinaga-
ni rwmeniT. ficiT dadasturebuli mowmis Cveneba sa-
samarTlom SeiZleba sarwmunod miiCnios. swored am mo-
sazrebiT SeiZleboda exelmZRvanela kanonmdebels,
rodesac am muxlis me-4 nawiliT miuTiTa imis Sesaxeb,
rom sasamarTlom unda auxsnas mowmes ficis dadebis
win `winaswar ganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi Cve-
nebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxis-
mgeblobis Sesaxeb~.
272
amrigad, kanonmdebeli ar gamoricxavs yalbi Cvene-

bis ficis meSveobiT dadasturebis SesaZleblobas. es
imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda Seafasos mowmis
Cveneba misi utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT yvela SemTx-
vevaSi, gamonaklisis gareSe.
273
T a v i XIX
nivTieri mtkicebuleba
muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani,

maTi gamoTxovisa da wardgenis wesi
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebia is nivTebi,

romlebic Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Ta-
visi arsebobiT warmoadgenen saqmisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenis
saSualebas.
2. nivTier mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos
warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver SeZlo
nivTieri mtkicebulebis miReba im pirisa-
gan, visac xelTa aqvs igi, mxares SeuZlia
iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe misi ga-
moTxovis Sesaxeb.
3. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Se-
saxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri val-
debulia aRniSnos, saqmis ra mniSvnelovani
garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebu-
lebiT, aRweros es nivTi da miuTiTos, ras
efuZneba misi varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba
mis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze
uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos
Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke ar gasa-
Civrdeba.
1. 154-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi mocemulia nivTieri

mtkicebulebis cnebis gansazRvreba. Tu werilobiTi
mtkicebuleba werilobiTi niSnebisa da cifrebis ga-
moyenebiT gvawvdis cnobebs (maTi amokiTxvis saSuale-
biT) faqtebis Sesaxeb (134-e muxli), nivTieri mtkice-
bulebebi aseT cnobebs gvawvdis Tavisi xarisxiT, Tvi-
sebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT. magaliTad, sadavoa gada-
274
cemuli nivTis xarisxi (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 488-e mux-

li). am SemTxvevaSi es nivTi aris nivTieri mtkicebu-
leba. an kidev, romelime dokumentze amoSlilia (ga-
dafxekilia) xelmowera. am SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtki-
cebuleba iqneba es dokumenti da a. S.
2. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dam-
tkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mxareebs. am movaleobis Se-
sasruleblad mxareebma unda waradginon mtkicebule-
bebi. aqedan gamomdinare, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
wardgenis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs. mxarem SeiZle-
ba sTxovos sasamarTlos TviTon gamoiTxovos nivTie-
ri mtkicebuleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man uSua-
lod ver SeZlo misi miReba im pirisagan, romelTanac
es mtkicebulebebi inaxeba.
3. ise rogorc yvela sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa sa-
samarTloSi wardgenis dros, mxare romelic Txovs sa-
samarTlos miiRos misgan nivTieri mtkicebuleba, an
gamoiTxovos igi, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu saqmisaT-
vis mniSvnelobis romeli garemoebis dadastureba Se-
iZleba am mtkicebulebiT. es aris mtkicebulebaTa
gankuTvnadobis (104-e muxli) principis erT-erTi
konkretuli gamovlineba.
Tu garemoebas (faqts), romlis dasadasturebladac
mxare Suamdgomlobs nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoT-
xovaze, ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis, sasamarTlom
uari unda Tqvas mis gamoTxovaze.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxova-
ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCine-
ba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba (104-e
muxli).
muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsac

unda waredginos nivTieri
mtkicebuleba
gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba fi-

zikurma da iuridiulma pirebma unda ga-
275
daugzavnon uSualod sasamarTlos daniS-

nul vadaSi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia agreTve
nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Su-
amdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs misces ufle-
ba miiRos sabuTi sasamarTloSi warsadge-
nad.
_ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sa-

samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli
unda iyos nivTebis dasaxeleba da misi sasamarTloSi
wardgenis vada.
mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gamoTxovili nivTieri mtki-
cebuleba unda gadaegzavnos uSualod im sasamarTlos,
romelmac igi gamoiTxova. Tu es SesaZlebelia da sasa-
marTlos dasaSvebad miaCnia, mas SeuZlia gamoTxovili
nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebis ufleba misces mis ga-
moTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs am mtkice-
bulebis sasamarTloSi Semdgomi warmodgenis mizniT.
_ Tu fizikuri an iuridiuli piri sasamarTlos mi-
er daniSnul vadaSi ver asrulebs davalebas, man unda
Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos. winaaRmdeg Sem-
TxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis fizikur pirs
an iuridiuli piris Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs, visi
braliTac ar gadaigzavna gamoTxovili nivTieri mtki-
cebuleba. dajarimeba arc pirveladi da arc ganmeo-
rebiTi ar aTavisuflebs pirs nivTieri mtkicebule-
bis sasamarTloSi wardgenisagan. aseT SemTxvevaSi sa-
samarTlom unda mimarTos iuridiuli piris zemdgom
organos an TviTon iZulebiTi wesiT (policiis daxma-
rebiT) amoiRos es mtkicebulebebi. (ix. 156-e muxlis
komentari
muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebis

wardgenis movaleoba
1. fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirebi val-

debulni arian sasamarTlos acnobon imis
276
Sesaxeb, rom ara aqvT saSualeba waradgi-

non gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba
an waradginon igi sasamarTlos mier da-
niSnul vadaSi.
2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTx-
vevaSi, rodesac nivTieri mtkicebulebis
wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxovna
arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasa-
marTlo Sesabamis fizikur an iuridiuli
piris Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 la-
riT.
3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqala-
qes an saTanado Tanamdebobis pirs sasa-
marTlos mier gamoTxovili nivTis wardge-
nis movaleobisagan.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT
warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aja-
rimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli jarimis
xuTmagi odenobiT.
1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismi-

eri Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia gadaugzavnos sa-
samarTlos mis mier gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebu-
leba amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi.
_ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sa-
samarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniS-
nos gamosaTxovi nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmasxvave-
beli niSnebi, agreTve dro, romlis ganmavlobaSiac isi-
ni wardgenili unda iqnes sasamarTloSi, gafrTxileba
imis Sesaxeb, rom droulad acnobon sasamarTlos maTi
warudgenlobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos mi-
TiTeba, rom Tu sasamarTlos moTxovna nivTis wardge-
nis Sesaxeb ar Sesruldeba iseTi mizeziT, romelsac
sasamarTlo arasapatiod miiCnevs _ Sesabamisi piri da-
jarimdeba 50 lariT, xolo am mtkicebulebis ganmeo-
rebiT warudgenlobisaTvis _ pirveli jarimis xuTma-
gi odenobiT.
277
2. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris)

an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzav-
na sasamarTlos gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba.
_ sasamarTlom jer kidev dajarimebamde Tavisi ini-
ciativiT unda gaarkvios Sesabamisi organizaciis ro-
meli Tanamdebobis pirs miuZRvis brali gamoTxovili
masalebis gadaugzavnelobaSi. amisaTvis is gadaugzav-
nis SekiTxvas organizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xel-
mZRvanelidanac ar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamo-
aqvs ganCineba uSualod am xelmZRvanelis dajarime-
bis Sesaxeb.
3. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebi ganmeorebiT daja-
rimebis Semdegac ar iqneba gadmogzavnili, maSin sasa-
marTlo amoiRebs maT policiis meSveobiT, an moaxdens
maT daTvalierebas adgilze (159-e muxli).
muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri

mtkicebulebis wardgenaze uaris
Tqma
Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenaze
arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs erT-erTi
mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom mtkice-
buleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgo-
mlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTavisuflos im
faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisagan, romelic am
mtkicebulebiT unda daedasturebina, da
aseTi tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic
uars ambobs mis xelT arsebuli nivTieri
mtkicebulebis wardgenaze.
_ 157-e muxls mxedvelobaSi yavs mxare _ mosarCe-

le, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT.
Tu aseTi fizikuri an iuridiuli piri ar uaryofs, rom
nivTieri mtkicebuleba masTan inaxeba, magram arasapa-
tio mizeziT uars ambobs warudginos igi sasamarTlos,
278
maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ivaraudos damtkicebu-

lad is faqti, romlis dasadasturebladac mxare Su-
amdgomlobda mis gamoTxovas da am varaudis gasaqar-
wyleblad mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares,
romelic uars ambobs am nivTieri mtkicebulebis sasa-
marTloSi wardgenaze.
muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa

Semowmeba
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi waredgineba

mxareebs (warmomadgenlebs). maT SeuZliaT
gaecnon daTvalierebis oqmebs. mxareebs Se-
uZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am
nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Tu maTi daTva-
lierebis oqmebis Sesaxeb.
2. mxareebs mTavar sxdomaze SeuZliaT
iSuamdgomlon sasamarTlos winaSe, nivTi-
er mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis mizniT da-
niSnos eqspertiza, Tu aseTi Suamdgomlo-
ba sapatio mizeziT ar iyo maT mier aRZru-
li saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sapatio
mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e mux-
lis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.
3. eqspertizis daniSvna nivTier mtkice-
bulebaTa gamokvlevis mizniT sasamarTlos
SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTac.
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, Tu isini ar erTvis saq-

mes, rac xSirad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis xa-
siaTis, Sinaarsis Tu moculobis gamo, SeiZleba uSua-
lod daaTvalieros mxarem maTi Senaxvis mdebareobis
adgilze, Tu igi ar monawileobda maT daTvaliereba-
Si, roca amas sasamarTlo awarmoebda, agreTve gaec-
nos daTvalierebis oqmebs da gamoTqvan TavianTi mo-
sazrebebi.
2. yovelgvari Suamdgomloba da maT Soris mxareTa
279
Suamdgomloba nivTieri mtkicebulebis Semowmebis

mizniT eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRiZ-
ras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.
mogvianebiT aseTi Suamdgomloba SeiZleba ganixilos
sasamarTlom mxolod sapatio mizezis arsebobisas
(215-e muxli).
3. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba sasamarTlos prero-
gativaa. cxadia, rom Tu Semowmeba specialur codnas
moiTxovs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza
(162-e muxli).

adgilze daTvaliereba
Tu nivTier mtkicebulebaTa sasamarT-
loSi wardgena Zneli an SeuZlebelia, sa-
samarTlos SeuZlia, mxareTa TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, daadginos maTi adgil-
ze daTvaliereba, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvs
ganCineba. Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarT-
lo ixilavs, adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZ-
leba miendos erT-erT mosamarTles. ad-
gilze daTvaliereba xdeba XV TavSi dad-
genili wesebiT.
_ adgilze nivTieri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliere-

ba mimdinareobs ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili we-
siT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
damatebiT aq SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom malfuWeba-
di produqtebis daTvaliereba dauyovnebliv warmo-
ebs, ris Semdeg isini ubrundeba mis mflobels. maTi
dabrunebis Sesaxeb unda Sedges aqti, romelic rCeba
saqmeSi. Tu maTi dabruneba mflobelisaTvis an im pi-
risaTvis, visganac isini amoiRo sasamarTlom, ama Tu
im mizeziT SeuZlebelia, maSin unda moxdes maTi rea-
lizacia sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis meSveobiT. rea-
280
lizaciiT miRebuli Tanxebi Cairicxeba sasamarTlos

sadepozito angariSze.
_ daTvalierebis Sedegad Sedgenili oqmi warmoad-
gens mtkicebulebas, romelSiac aisaxeba daTvaliere-
bis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli faqtobrivi
garemoebebi, maTi xarisxi, Tvisebebi da a. S. oqms Tan
erTvis mosamarTlis an daTvalierebaSi monawile spe-
cialistis mier Sedgenili sqemebi, naxazebi, fotoebi
da sxva.

Senaxva
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi inaxeba saq-
meSi an sagangebo aRweris siiT Cabardeba
sasamarTlos nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Se-
sanax kameraSi.
2. nivTebi, romelTa sasamarTloSi mita-
na SeuZlebelia, adgilze inaxeba. isini daw-
vrilebiT unda iqnes aRwerili, xolo sa-
Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ fotografirebulic.
3. sasamarTlo iRebs RonisZiebebs nivTe-
bis ucvlel mdgomareobaSi Sesanaxad.
1. saqmeSi SeiZleba Senaxul iqnes mcire moculobis

nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, romlebic Caideba konver-
tSi an paketSi da Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu maTi moculoba
amis saSualebas ar iZleva, isini Cabardeba sasamarT-
los Sesanax kameras, risTvisac praqtikulad gamoiye-
neba seifebi, karadebi da a. S. Sesanaxad Cabarebuli niv-
Tebis sia daerTvis saqmes.
2. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis ara marto mocu-
loba, aramed maTi raodenobac ar iZleva, maTi sasamar-
TloSi motanisa da Senaxvis saSualebas isini unda aRi-
weros da Seinaxos maTi mdebareobis adgilze. maTi aR-
werilobiTi dokumentebi, xolo saWiroebis SemTxve-
vaSi, fotoebic daerTvis saqmes.
281
3. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi maT Sesanaxad,

xolo Tu es SeuZlebelia moaxdens maT realizacias
da Semosul Tanxas Caricxavs sasamarTlos sadepozi-
to angariSze. Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT es mizan-
Sewonilia, nivTebis daTvalirebis Semdeg isini SeiZ-
leba daubrundes mis mflobels.

dabruneba
1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier

ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, nivTieri mtkicebu-
leba daubrundeba mis warmdgen pirs an
gadaecema im pirs, romelsac sasamarTlom
miakuTvna ufleba am nivTze.
2. nivTebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyos
moqalaqeTa mflobelobaSi, gadaecema sa-
Tanado saxelmwifo sawarmos, dawesebule-
bas an organizacias.
3. calkeul SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtkice-
bulebebi sasamarTlos mier maTi Semowme-
bisa da gamokvlevis Semdeg SeiZleba saqmis
damTavrebamde daubrundes mis warmdgen
pirs, Tu ukanaskneli amas Suamdgomlobs
da Tu am Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba
SeiZleba saqmis ganxilvisaTvis zianis miu-
yeneblad.
1. rogorc wesi, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis dabru-

neba xdeba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac gadawyveti-
leba Seva kanonier ZalaSi. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia ise-
Ti nivTebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyos moqalaqeTa
mflobelobaSi. Tu iseTi nivTebia, romlebic ar SeiZ-
leba iyos maT mflobelobaSi, an SeiZleba, magram ami-
saTvis specialuri nebarTvaa saWiro, maSin es nivTebi
gadaecema Sesabamis organoebs. magaliTad, Tu nivTie-
ri mtkicebulebebis saxiT warmodgenili iyo sanadi-
282
ro Tofi, romelzec specialuri nebarTva mxares ar

gaaCnda, igi gadaecema policiis organoebs.
_ rogorc gamonaklisi, nivTebi SeiZleba daubrun-
des mis warmomdgen pirs gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-
laSi Sesvlamde ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobi-
sas: pirveli _ Tu aris nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
mflobelis an warmomadgenlis Suamdgomloba da meo-
re _ Tu sasamarTlos azriT nivTebis dabruneba ar ewi-
naaRmdegeba saqmis ganxilvis interess.
283
T a v i XX
eqspertis daskvna
muxli 162. eqspertizis daniSvna
1. Tu saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT

wamoiWra sakiTxi, romlis ganmartebac moiTx-
ovs specialur codnas, sasamarTlos mxa-
reTa TxovniT SeuZlia daniSnos eqsperti-
za saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, xolo
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas eqsper-
tiza SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod im SemTx-
vevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saq-
mis mosamzadebel stadiaze mxarisaTvis aseTi
garemoeba obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqne-
boda cnobili da aseTi safuZveli war-
moiSva am sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem sapatio
mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi gancx-
adebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis warmodgena
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.
2. sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis nebismi-
er stadiaze SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT
daniSnos eqspertiza.
1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeiZleba wam-

oiWras iseTi sakiTxebi da Segvxvdes iseTi garemoebe-
bi, romelTa garkveva da dadgena Cveulebrivi me-
TodebiT da cnobili saSualebebiT SeuZlebeli aR-
moCndes. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosaTvis didi
daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia sasamarTlo eqspertizas.
samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, spe-
cialuri codna - es iseTi codnaa, romelic scildeba
samarTlebrivi codnis, im wesebisa da normebis far-
glebs, romlebic asaxaven sazogadoebis moralur Tu
sxva Sexedulebas da rwmenas. aqedan gamomdinare, ar
SeiZleba eqspertiza dainiSnos samarTlis sakiTxebze
284
an iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic moralur Sefasebas

moiTxoven.
eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxareTa
SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mx-
areTa Suamdgomloba cxadia, araa savaldeblo sasa-
marTlosaTvis, mas SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza, Tu
sakiTxis garkveva, faqtis dadgena marTlac special-
ur codnas moiTxovs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlom uari unda Tqvas eqspertizis daniSvnaze.
eqspertizis daniSvna iseTi sakiTxis gasarkvevad,
romelic ar moiTxovs specialur codnas, aris kanonis
azrisa da Sinaarsis uxeSi darRveva, principulad
dauSvebelia da faqtiurad warmoadgens sasamarTlo
funqciis eqspertze delegirebis SeniRbul formas.
162-e muxli gansazRvravs eqspertizis daniSvnis
stadias, anu saqmis warmoebis etaps, roca SeiZleba
eqspertizis daniSvna. es etapia saqmis momzadebis
stadia. es imas niSnavs, rom Suamdgomlobebi eqsper-
tizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb mxareebs SeuZliaT aRZran
saqmis momzadebis stadiis damTavrebamde (ix.207-e
muxlis komentari).mxaris Suamdgomloba da eqspert-
izis daniSvna sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dasaSve-
bia mxolod or SemTxvevaSi a) Tu iseTi garemoebis
Sesaxeb, romlis dadgena specialur codnas moiTx-
ovs, dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda mTa-
var sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvisas, magaliTad, mowi-
naaRmdege mxarem konkretuli garemoebis Sesaxeb
(vTqvaT, misi saxeliT dokumentze Sesrulebuli xe-
lmowera sinamdvileSi mas ar ekuTvnis) sakiTxi wamoW-
ra mTavar sxdomaze, an aseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, mis-
Tvis cnobili iyo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, magram
avadmyofobis, xangrZlivi mivlinebis Tu sxva obieq-
turi mizezebis gamo man ver SeZlo Sesabamisi Sua-
mdgomlobis aRZvra sasamarTlos winaSe.
unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertizis daniSvnis aseTi
wesi emsaxureba saqmis droulad ganxilvasa da
gadawyvetas, warmoadgens saqmis ganxilvis gaWia-
285
nurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtian saSualebas

da sasamarTloebma ganuxrelad unda Seasrulon
am muxlis moTxovnebi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili uflebas aniWebs sasamarT-
los procesis nebismier stadiaze daniSnos eqsperti-
za Tavisi iniciativiT.
muxli 163. ganCineba eqspertizis

daniSvnis Sesaxeb
1. eqpertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarT-

los gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRi-
niSnos, Tu ra sakiTxebzea saWiro eqsper-
tis daskvna, vin dainiSna eqspertad da ra
masalebi waredgina eqsperts gamosakvle-
vad. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi eqsperti-
zis Casatareblad sasamarTlo niSnavs ram-
denime eqsperts.
2. eqspertebis SerCevis dros sasamarT-
lo iTvaliswinebs mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxa-
reebs ufleba aqvT SesTavazon sasamarT-
los eqspertad dasaniSni piris kandida-
turebi. sabolood sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb,
Tu vis miendos eqspertizis Catareba, wyvets
sasamarTlo. mxareebs ufleba aqvT acile-
ba miscen eqsperts 35-e muxliT dadgenili
safuZvliT.
3. mxareebs ufleba aqvT agreTve warudgi-
non sasamarTlos kiTxvebi, romlebic unda
ganmartos eqspertma. sabolood im sakiTxTa
wres, romlebzedac saWiroa eqspertis dask-
vna, gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. es ukanaskne-
li valdebulia daasabuTos mxareTa mier
wamoyenebuli sakiTxebis uaryofa.
1. ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, garda

285-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekvizitebisa unda
286
aRiniSnos: a) specialuri saeqsperto dawesebuleba,

romelsac miendo eqspertizis Catareba (166-e muxli);
b) eqspertad daniSnuli piris vinaoba, Tu eqspertiza
tardeba araspecialur sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawe-
sebulebaSi (167-e muxli); g) im faqtebis zusti da sru-
li CamonaTvali, romelTa arsebobis Tu ararsebobis
Sesaxeb saWiroa eqspertis daskvna. es faqtebi SeiZle-
ba iyos mtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtebi, anu iuri-
diuli faqtebi, romlebzec mxareebi amyareben Tavi-
anT moTxovnebs da Sesagebels, agreTve mtkicebule-
biTi faqtebi; d) im masalebis CamonaTvali, romlebic
waredgina eqsperts gamosarkvevad. eqspertizis Cata-
rebisaTvis saWiro masalebis Segrovebisas sasamarT-
lo xelmZRvanelobs 169-e muxlis moTxovnebiT.
2. eqspertiza unda dainiSnos saqmis momzadebis
stadiaze (103-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti). mogvianebiT, e.
i. saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, roca ukve da-
niSnulia sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma, am mTavar sxdo-
maze mxareTa Suamdgomlobas eqspertizis daniSvnis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs mxolod im pirobiT, Tu
aseTi Suamdgomlobis droulad aRZvra maT ver SeZ-
les sapatio mizeziT. mxareTa Suamdgomlobis ufleba
mimarTon sasamarTlos eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb
ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis ga-
Wianurebis mizniT.
miuxedavad imisa, saqmis warmoebis romel stadia-
ze iniSneba eqspertiza, sasamarTlo yovelTvis atyo-
binebs mxareebs amis Sesaxeb, raTa maT SeZlon im uf-
lebaTa realizacia, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia am
muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawiliT. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver
daabrkolebs eqspertizis daniSvnas.
3. am muxlis mesame nawili iTvaliswinebs sasamarT-
los valdebulebas gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCine-
ba, rodesac igi uaryofs mxareTa mier SemoTavazebul
sakiTxebs. aseTive ganCineba sasamarTlom unda gamoi-
tanos maSinac, roca igi uars eubneba mxares daniSnos
eqspertiza.
287
orive SemTxvevaSi ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdes

imiT, rom sakiTxebi, romelTa garkvevas eqspertizis
meSveobiT moiTxoven mxareebi, sinamdvileSi ar saWi-
roeben specialur codnas, an kidev, es sakiTxebi gark-
veulia saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT.
_ ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlom SeiZleba daniSnos dro, romlis ganmavlo-
baSic eqspertma unda warmoadginos daskvna. Tu aseTi
drois daniSvna eqspertizis sirTulis gamo SeuZle-
belia, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba eq-
spertis daskvnis miRebamde (281-e muxli).
muxli 164. ramdenime eqspertis

daniSvna
ramdenime eqspertis daniSvnisas maT uf-

leba aqvT erTmaneTTan iTaTbiron. Tu eq-
spertebi daadgebian saerTo azrs, yvelani
xels aweren erT daskvnas. eqsperti, rome-
lic ar eTanxmeba danarCen eqspertebs, ad-
gens calke daskvnas.
Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT im sakiTxebis gark-

veva, romlebic dasmulia ganCinebaSi, saWiroebs spe-
cialur codnas mecnierebis sxvadasxva sferoSi, igi
niSnavs ramdenime eqsperts (kompleqsuri eqsperti-
za). es eqspertebi iZlevian saerTo daskvnas, Tu isini
erTnairad fiqroben am sakiTxze. winaaRmdeg SemTxve-
vaSi, maT SeuZliaT miscen TavianTi (calke) daskvna,
romlebic mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebebia
(mtkicebulebebia), sasamarTlo afasebs am daskvnebs
rogorc damoukidebel mtkicebulebebs Tavisi Sina-
gani rwmeniT, magram SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi
eqspertiza (173-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
288
muxli 165. eqspertizis Catarebis

adgili
eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTloSi an mis

gareT, Tu es aucilebelia gamokvlevis
xasiaTis an imis gamo, rom gamokvlevis
sagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebe-
li an Znelia.
rogorc wesi, eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTlos ga-

reT, magram es gamowveulia ara marto imiT, rom gamokv-
levis sagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an Zne-
lia, aramed umetesad imis gamo, rom gamokvlevisaTvis
saWiro mowyobilobebisa da nivTierebebis gamoyeneba
sasamarTlos SenobaSi rTulia an SeuZlebelia.
muxli 166. eqspertizis Catarebis

wesi specialur saeqsperto
dawesebulebaSi
1. Tu eqspertizis warmoeba mindobili

aqvs specialur sasamarTlo-saeqsperto da-
wesebulebis eqsperts, sasamarTlo ugzav-
nis am dawesebulebas Tavis ganCinebas eqs-
pertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, agreTve eqs-
pertizis CatarebisaTvis aucilebel masa-
lebs.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg
saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli eq-
spertizis Catarebas miandobs am dawese-
bulebis erT an ramdenime TanamSromels.
3. sasamarTlos davalebiT saeqsperto da-
wesebulebis xelmZRvaneli ganumartavs Ta-
namSromlebs, romlebsac miendoT eqsper-
tizis Catareba, eqspertis ufleba-mova-
leobebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 168-e mux-
liT, agreTve daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmi-
289
saTvis Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebulad yalbi

daskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-
marTlis kodeqsiT. amis Sesaxeb maT Camo-
erTmevaT xelwerili, romelic eqspertis
daskvnasTan erTad gadaegzavneba sasamar-
Tlos.
1. rodesac eqspertiza unda Catardes specialur

sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, eqsperts niS-
navs ara sasamarTlo, aramed am specialuri saeqsper-
to dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli. amitom, sasamarTlo
Tavis ganCinebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, yvela
masalebTan erTad ugzavnis am dawesebulebis xelmZ-
Rvanels, romelic Tavis mxriv eqspertizis Catarebas
miandobs Tavisi dawesebulebis erT-erT an ramdenime
eqsperts.
2. sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZR-
vaneli Tavis mxriv asrulebs yvela im moqmedebas, ra-
sac Seasrulebda mosamarTle, mas rom eqsperti dae-
niSna uSualod, kerZod, afrTxilebs pasuxismgeblo-
bis Sesaxeb Segnebulad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis,
ganumartavs mas eqspertis ufleba-movaleobebs (168-
e muxli) da a. S.
3. mxares, mas Semdeg, rac misTvis cnobili gaxda Tu
vis miendo eqspertizis Catareba, SeuZlia sasamarT-
los meSveobiT ganucxados acileba am eqsperts. aci-
lebis sakiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo (34-e da 35-e mux-
lebi).
muxli 167. eqspertizis Catareba

arasaeqsperto dawesebulebaSi
Tu eqspertiza tardeba araspecialur sa-

samarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, Se-
sabamis pirs eqspertad niSnavs TviTon sa-
samarTlo. ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis
290
Sesaxeb da yvela masala, rac aucilebelia

eqspertizis Casatareblad, eqspertad da-
niSnul pirs uSualod sasamarTlom unda
gadasces. ganCinebis gadacemisas sasamarT-
lo amowmebs eqspertis pirovnebas, mis spe-
cialobasa da kompetenturobas, ganumar-
tavs eqsperts mis ufleba-movaleobebs, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia 168-e muxliT, da afr-
Txilebs eqsperts daskvnis micemaze uaris
TqmisaTvis, Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebu-
lad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxism-
geblobis Sesaxeb, rac gaTvaliswinebulia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT.
yovelive es aRiniSneba sasamarTlos ganCi-
nebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, rac
damowmdeba eqspertis xelmoweriT.
1. Tu eqspertiza ar tardeba specialur sasamarT-

lo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, maSin eqsperts uSua-
lod sasamarTlo niSnavs (162-163-e muxlebi) da saWiro
masalebsac ganCinebasTan erTad uSualod sasamarT-
lo gadascems eqsperts. ganCinebisa da masze darTuli
sabuTebis uSualod eqpertisaTvis gadacemasTan er-
Tad mosamarTle kidev erTxel amowmebs mis pirovne-
bas, specialobas da kompetenturobas, ganumartavs mas
uflebebsa da movaleobebs da afrTxilebs pasuxism-
geblobis Sesaxeb, rac unda aRiniSnos ganCinebaSi eqs-
pertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb da xeli moaweros eqsper-
tad daniSnulma pirma.
muxli 168. eqspertis uflebebi da

movaleobebi
1. eqspertad daniSnuli piri valdebulia

gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisTa-
nave da misces obieqturi daskvna mis wina-
Se dasmul kiTxvebze.
291
2. Tu eqsperti arasapatio mizeziT ar

gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, Tavs aaridebs
daskvnis micemas an Segnebulad miscems yalb
daskvnas, mis mimarT gamoiyeneba saqarTve-
los sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTva-
liswinebuli RonisZiebebi.
3. eqsperts ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas das-
kvnis micemaze, Tu misTvis gadacemuli ma-
salebi sakmarisi ar aris, an Tu mas ara
aqvs saTanado codna dakisrebuli movale-
obis Sesasruleblad. eqsperti movalea aR-
niSnuli safuZvlebiT daskvnis micemaze uari
dawvrilebiT daasabuTos.
4. Tu eqspertizis Catarebisas eqsperti
gamoarkvevs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone
iseT garemoebebs, romelTa Sesaxebac mas
kiTxvebi ar hqonda dasmuli, eqsperts uf-
leba aqvs daskvnaSi miuTiTos am garemoe-
bebze.
5. eqspertizasTan dakavSirebuli gare-
moebebis gamosakvlevad eqsperts ufleba
aqvs gaecnos saqmis masalebs, monawileoba
miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, dausvas mxareebs
da mowmeebs SekiTxvebi, miiRos monawileo-
ba mtkicebulebaTa daTvalierebasa da Se-
mowmebaSi, agreTve sTxovos sasamarTlos
misTvis damatebiTi masalebis wardgena.
1. eqsperti valdebulia ara marto werilobiTi das-

kvna misces, aramed gamocxaddes sasamarTlo sxdoma-
ze, Tu es sasamarTlos saWirod miaCnia da pasuxi gas-
ces mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxebze. kiTxvebi eqsperts
sasamarTlo sxdomaze SeiZleba dausvas aramarto mo-
samarTlem, aramed mxareebma da maTma warmomadgenleb-
ma. am movaleobebis Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia pa-
suxismgeblobis RonisZiebebiT, rac miTiTebulia am
muxlis me-2 nawilSi.
292
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sisxlis sa-

marTlis pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlebs, romelTa
mixedviT eqsperts SeiZleba daekisros aseTi pasux-
ismgebloba, magram saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 370-e muxli iTvaliswinebs eqspertis pasux-
ismgeblobas yalbi daskvnis an Cvenebis micemisaTvis.
3. piris eqspertad daniSvnamde sasamarTlo arkvevs
am piris specialobas da kompetenturobas, magram Se-
iZleba misi arakompetenturoba gamovlindes mogvia-
nebiT _ eqspertizis Catarebis procesSi.
aseT SemTxvevaSi mas ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas daskv-
nis micemaze. daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba
mas aqvs maSinac, roca misTvis gadacemuli masalebi
araa sakmarisi amisaTvis.
_ orive aseT SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba daskv-
nis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis gamoricxulia, magram
eqspertma werilobiT unda Seadginos uari da dawvri-
lebiT daasabuTos am uaris Tqma. eqspertis werilo-
biT Sedgenili uari daskvnis micemaze droulad unda
gadaeces sasamarTlos.
4. faqtiuri garemoebebis an sakiTxebis wres, romel-
Ta Sesaxeb daskvna unda misces eqspertma _ gansazRv-
ravs sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniS-
vnis Sesaxeb (163-e muxli). eqsperti valdebulia mis-
ces daskvna am faqtebisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, magram
eqsperts SeuZlia gascdes sasamarTlos mier ganCine-
baSi dasmuli sakiTxebis wres da misces Tavisi daskvna
iseT faqtebze da sakiTxebze, romelTa Sesaxeb mas ar
hqonda kiTxvebi dasmuli, magram gamokvlevis Sedege-
bi iZleva am sakiTxebze pasuxis gacemis saSualebas, ra-
sac SeiZleba hqondes misi azriT mniSvneloba saqmi-
saTvis.
5. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebs ag-
rovebs sasamarTlo (169-e muxli). magram sasamarTlom
SeiZleba ar mianiWos mniSvneloba da ar gadaugzavnos
eqsperts yvela is masala, romelic saWiroa misTvis.
amitom, eqsperts eniWeba farTo uflebebi, romlebic
293
miTiTebulia am muxlis me-5 nawilSi. Tu is aRmoaCens

masalebs, romlebic saWiroa srulyofili daskvnisaT-
vis, man unda sTxovos sasamarTlos gadasces es masa-
lebi. mxolod sasamarTlos meSveobiT SeuZlia eqs-
perts miiRos misTvis saWiro masalebi.
muxli 169. eqspertizis

CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebis
Segroveba
1. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro ma-

salebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi.
eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro masale-
bis wres gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, rome-
lic iTvaliswinebs rogorc mxareebis, ise
eqspertad daniSnuli piris mosazrebebs.
2. Tu eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro
masalebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia mow-
mis dakiTxva, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoi-
Zaxos da dakiTxos igi eqspertis monawi-
leobiT. mxareebs ecnobebaT amis Sesaxeb,
magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabr-
kolebs mowmis dakiTxvas. am wesiT dakiT-
xuli mowme ar Tavisufldeba sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamocxadebisagan da saqmis gan-
xilvis dros ganmeorebiTi dakiTxvisagan.
3. mowmis dakiTxvis Sesaxeb Sedgeba oqmi,
romelic daerTvis saqmes.
1. eqspertizis masalebs agrovebs sasamarTlo. am ma-

salebis xasiaTsa da moculobas gansazRvravs sasamar-
Tlo, romelsac SuZlia gaiTvaliswinos mxareebisa da
TviT eqspertis mosazrebebi. Tu es masalebi ar aRmoC-
nda sakmarisi, eqsperts SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos
damatebiTi masalebis wardgena da miuTiTos kidec am
damatebiTi masalebis xasiaTze. eqsperts SeuZlia mii-
294
Ros damatebiTi masalebi mxolod da mxolod sasamar-

Tlos meSveobiT da daxmarebiT.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs uSualobis princi-
pidan gadaxvevis erT-erT gamonaklis SemTxvevas da
igi ganpirobebulia eqspertizis droulad Catarebis
interesebiT. am interesebidan gamomdinare, kanonmde-
belma dasaSvebad CaTvala mowmis dakiTxva ara sasamar-
Tlos mTavar sxdomaze, aramed manamde da eqsperti-
zisaTvis masalebis Segrovebis daCqarebisaTvis.
amasTan erTad, igive mowme SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli
da dakiTxuli iqnes sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, Cve-
nebis ganmeorebiT micemis mizniT.
3. eqspertizisaTvis yvela saWiro masalebis Segro-
vebis mizniT mowmis dakiTxva mimdinareobs dakiTxvis
wesebis dacviT, xolo dakiTxvis oqmi daerTvis saqmes.
muxli 170. eqspertis daskvnis forma

da Sinaarsi
1. eqsperti daskvnas iZleva werilobiTi
formiT. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs misces
eqsperts winadadeba, rom man zepiri gan-
marteba misces sasamarTlos Tavisi daskv-
nis Sesaxeb. zepiri ganmarteba Seitaneba
sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, waekiTxeba eqs-
perts romelic, xels awers mas.
2. eqspertis daskvna unda Seicavdes war-
moebuli gamokvlevis werilobiT aRweras,
gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebul daskvnebsa
da dasabuTebul pasuxebs sasamarTlos mi-
er dasmul kiTxvebze.
1. eqspertis daskvna _ specialuri codniT aRWur-

vili piris mier Catarebuli gamokvlevis (eqspertizis)
Sedegia. amitom, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom sasamarT-
los, romelmac es daskvna unda Seafasos, SeiZleba das-
Wirdes misi ganmarteba. eqsperti Tavis daskvnas
295
yovelTvis ayalibebs werilobiTi formiT, magram am

daskvnis ganmarteba man unda misces sasamarTlos ze-
piri formiT, sasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavar
sxdomaze. zepiri ganmartebis dros eqsperts SeiZle-
ba SekiTxvebi dausvan mxareebma da maTma warmomadgen-
lebma (83-e da 171-e muxlebi).
2. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba ar gansaz-
Rvravs amomwuravad yvela im rekvizits, romelsac un-
da Seicavdes eqspertis werilobiTi daskvna. specia-
lurma sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebebma Sei-
muSava aseTi rekvizitebi.
eqspertis daskvna, yvela SemTxvevaSi unda Sedge-
bodes Sesavali, gamokvleviTi da daskvniTi nawilebi-
sagan. SesavalSi unda mieTiTos sasamarTlo, romel-
mac daniSna eqspertiza, cnobebi eqspertizis Sesaxeb,
saeqsperto masalebis Semosvlis TariRi da am masale-
bis dasaxeleba, im faqtebis da sakiTxebis wre, romle-
bic unda gadawyvitos eqspertma. gamokvleviT nawil-
Si unda mieTiTos gamokvlevis meTodi (eqsperimenti,
SedarebiTi, qimiuri da a. S.) da teqnikuri saSualebe-
bi, romlebic gamoiyena eqspertma gamokvlevis Cata-
rebis mizniT. daskvniTi nawili, unda Seicavdes pasu-
xebs mis winaSe dasmuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, im faqte-
bis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic aintere-
sebs sasamarTlos.
daskvniTi nawili SeiZleba Seicavdes pasuxebs iseT
sakiTxebzec, romlebic ar iyo sasamarTlos mier das-
muli eqspertis winaSe, magram eqspertis Sexedule-
biT maT SeiZleba hqondeT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
eqspertis daskvna SeiZleba iyos kategoriuli, ro-
ca eqsperti erTmniSvnelovnad (calsaxad) pasuxobs
mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxze, savaraudo, roca eqsper-
ti ar gamoricxavs sakiTxis sxvanairad gadawyvetis Se-
saZleblobas da, bolos, sakiTxis gadawyvetis SeuZ-
leblobis Sesaxeb.
296
muxli 171. eqspertis daskvnis

Semowmeba. eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvis
micemis wesi
1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs Se-

uZliaT gaecnon eqspertis daskvnas. maTive
TxovniT eqspertis daskvna gamoqveyndeba
sasamarTlos sxdomaze. mxareebs SeuZliaT
gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazreba, xolo dask-
vnis ganmartebisa da Sevsebis mizniT eqs-
perts SeiZleba mieces SekiTxvebi.
2. eqsperts pirvelad ekiTxeba is piri,
romlis TxovniTac dainiSna eqsperti, da
misi warmomadgeneli. sasamarTlos inicia-
tiviT daniSnul eqsperts pirvelad ekiT-
xeba mosamarTle. mosamarTles SeuZlia Se-
kiTxvebi dausvas eqsperts misi dakiTxvis
yovel momentSi.
1. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom eqspertis daskvnis Semow-

mebiT iwyeba eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba. mxareebi da
maTi warmomadgenlebi eqspertis daskvnis Semowmebis
mizniT jer mas adareben saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebu-
lebebs. aseTi Sedarebis mizania imis garkveva, Tu ram-
denad Seesabameba da ra TanafardobaSia eqspertis
daskvna saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebTan. Tu eqs-
pertis daskvna upirispirdeba sxva mtkicebulebebs,
gansakuTrebiT ki iseT mtkicebulebebs, romlis ut-
yuaroba ar unda iwvevdes eWvs, maSin ukve wamoiWreba
mravali sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba gairkves eqsper-
tisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemiT. eqspertis winaSe SeiZ-
leba daisvas sakiTxi misi daskvnis ganmartebis Sesa-
xeb da imis Taobaze, Tu ra meTodis gamoyenebiT gaake-
Ta man aseTi daskvna.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs eqspertisaT-
vis SekiTxvebis micemis rigiTobas. es rigiToba unda
297
daicvas sasamarTlom, romelsac SeuZlia SekiTxvebi

misces eqsperts misi dakiTxvis nebismier etapze.
muxli 172. eqspertis daskvnis

Sefaseba
eqspertis daskvna sasamarTlosaTvis sa-
valdebulo ar aris da misi Sefaseba xdeba
105-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT, magram sa-
samarTlos uari daskvnis miRebaze dasa-
buTebul unda iqnes saqmeze gamotanil
gadawyvetilebaSi an ganCinebaSi.
1. eqspertis daskvna warmoadgens damoukidebel

mtkicebis saSualebas (mtkicebulebas). maSasadame, igi
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebebis dasadgenad, magram vidre am miz-
niT iqnebodes gamoyenebuli, eqspertis daskvna unda
Seafasos sasamarTlom Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT (105-e
muxli).
_ eqspertis daskvnis sisworisa da dasabuTebulo-
bis mniSvnelovani garantiaa eqspertis daniSvnisa da
Catarebis saproceso formis (wesis) dacva. amitom, sa-
samarTlom unda Seamowmos xom ar iyo es forma darR-
veuli.
_ eqspertis daskvnis sisworis mniSvnelovani garan-
tiaa eqspertis mecnieruli kompetenturoba. amitom
sasamarTlom kidev erTxel unda Seamowmos misi kom-
petenturoba.
_ xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertis daskv-
nis uaryofis sababi SeiZleba gaxdes saproceso for-
mis ara yovelgvari darRveva, aramed misi iseTi dar-
Rveva, romelsac SeeZlo gavlena moexdina eqspertis
daskvnis sisworeze da dasabuTebulobaze. magaliTad,
Tu aRmoCndeba, rom daskvna Seadgina eqspertma, ro-
melic dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT, an arakompe-
tenturma pirma, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanado speci-
298
aluri codna da gamocdileba, an kidev, eqspertma ga-

moikvlia arasaTanado da uxarisxo obieqti da a. S. ma-
Sin eqspertis daskvna ar SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorc
swori da dasabuTebuli.
2. eqspertis daniSvna da Catarebis saproceso for-
mis (wesis) dacva jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom eqsper-
tis daskvna dasabuTebulia. eqspertis daskvnis Sefa-
sebisaTvis sasamarTlom unda Seafasos is wanamZRvre-
bi, faqtobrivi da mecnieruli monacemebi, romlebic
safuZvlad udevs am daskvnas.
aseTi Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia mosamarTlisaTvis,
vinaidan igi araa aRWurvili im specialuri codniT,
romliTac aRWurvilia Sesafasebeli daskvnis avtori
_ eqsperti.
amitom, Tu eqspertis daskvna winaaRmdegobaSia saq-
meSi arsebul sxva mtkicebulebebTan da am winaaRmde-
gobis moxsna sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ar ZaluZs,
maSin mas SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza
(173-e muxli).
_ iseve, rogorc saqmeSi arsebuli nebismieri mtki-
cebulebis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi (249-e muxlis me-4 na-
wili), eqspertis daskvnis uaryofis drosac sasamarT-
lom unda daasabuTos Tu ratom uaryo igi.
muxli 173. damatebiTi da

ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna
1. Tu eqspertizis daskvna ar aris sruli

an gaurkvevelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia da-
niSnos damatebiTi eqspertiza.
2. Tu sasamarTlo ar eTanxmeba eqspertis
daskvnas dausabuTeblobis motiviT, agreTve,
Tu ramdenime eqspertis daskvna ewinaaRm-
degeba erTmaneTs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia da-
niSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza da misi
Catareba daavalos sxva eqsperts an eqs-
pertebs.
299
1. damatebiTi eqspertiza unda ganvasxvavoT gan-

meorebiTi eqspertizisagan: damatebiTi eqspertiza
dainiSneba Tu eqspertma ar upasuxa yvela kiTxvaze,
romelic mis winaSe iyo dasmuli, agreTve Tu daskvna
gaurkvevelia da am gaurkvevlobis moxsna eqspertis
daxmarebiT ver moxerxda.
_ gansxvavebiT, ganmeorebiTi eqspertizisa, dama-
tebiTi eqspertiza unda miendos im eqsperts, romel-
mac Seadgina da gadmougzavna sasamarTlos daskvna.
2. ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza, romlis Catareba un-
da miendos sxva eqsperts, SeiZleba dainiSnos or SemT-
xvevaSi, pirveli, roca sasamarTlos azriT eqspertis
daskvna araa dasabuTebuli da meore, roca eqsperte-
bis daskvna ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs, mxedveloba-
Sia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac eqspertizis daskvna
mindobili hqonda ramdenime eqsperts, romlebic ar
eTanxmebian erTmaneTs da amitom Seadgines cal-calke
daskvnebi (164-e muxli), an kidev, miRebuli iqna ganmeo-
rebiT daniSnuli eqspertis daskvna, romelic ewinaaR-
mdegeba pirveladi eqspertis daskvnas.
muxli 174. eqspertizis masalebis

dabruneba sasamarTlosaTvis
eqsperti movalea daubrunos sasamarT-
los eqspertizisaTvis gamoyenebuli yvela
masala da dokumenti, Tu sasamarTlo amas
moiTxovs.
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi nivTieri

Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi ubrundeba mis warmom-
dgens (139-e da 161-e muxlebi). amdenad, masalebi, rom-
lebic gamoiyena eqspertma, da romlebic unda daub-
rundes mxareebs, eqsperti valdebulia daubrunos sa-
samarTlos.
300
muxli 175. ficis dadeba eqspertis

mier
eqspertizis Catarebamde an mis Semdeg

eqsperti debs fics. ficis Sinaarsi gani-
sazRvreba imiT, rom eqsperti atarebs eq-
spertizas sakuTari codnisa da sindisis
Sesabamisad. Tu eqsperts dadebuli aqvs
saerTo fici analogiuri eqspertizis Ca-
tarebasTan dakavSirebiT, maSin sakmarisia
miTiTeba am ficze. masze SeiZleba mieTi-
Tos eqspertis daskvnaSic.
_ eqspertis mier ficis dadebis dros, e. i. rodis

dados eqspertma fici _ eqspertizis Catarebamde Tu
mis Semdeg _ gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. sasamarTlom
SeiZleba gamoiyenos mowmis mier ficis dadebis praq-
tika da SeiZleba eqspertma fici dados daskvnis mice-
mis Semdeg (153-emuxlis me-2 nawili).
_ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia eqspertis ficis Si-
naarsi, romlis mixedviT eqspertis fici ase gamoiyu-
reba: `vficav, Cavatare (an Cavataro) eqspertiza Cemi
codnisa da sindisis Sesabamisad~.
_ specialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebule-
bis eqspertebs SeiZleba micemuli hqondeT saerTo
fici, ris gamoc aRaraa saWiro yoveli calkeuli eqs-
pertizis Catarebisas dadon fici;
_ Tu eqspertizis Catareba miendo arasaeqsperto
dawesebulebis TanamSromels, maSin man SeiZleba da-
dos fici mowmis analogiurad (153-e muxlis me-4- 7 na-
wilebi). Tu am muxlis analogiiT vixelmZRvanelebT,
maSin eqspertis mier religiuri mniSvnelobis ficis
dadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mimarTavs eq-
sperts: `daificeT yovlisSemZle RmerTis winaSe, rom
Tqven Tqveni codnisa da sindisis safuZvelze miscemT
sasamarTlos daskvnas~.
301
amaze eqsperti upasuxebs: `vficav, RmerTi iyos Ce-

mi mfarveli~.
_ arareligiuri ficis dadebis dros mosamarTle mi-
marTavs eqsperts: `daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli Segne-
biT, codniTa da sindisiT mieciT daskvna~.
eqsperti pasuxobs: `vficav~.
Tu eqsperti uars ambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin mo-
samarTle mimarTavs eqsperts: àdasturebT Tu ara sa-
samarTlos winaSe pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT,
rom Tqven mieciT daskvna Tqveni codnisa da rwmenis
mixedviT~.
eqsperti pasuxobs: `diax, vadastureb~.
muxli 176. eqspertis gasamrjelo
1. sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli

samuSaosaTvis, agreTve sasamarTloSi ga-
mocxadebisaTvis mgzavrobisa da sacxovre-
beli sadgomis daqiravebis xarjebi da dRi-
uri Tanxa miecemaT eqspertebs 45-e mux-
2. Tu eqspertis azriT, sasamarTlos mi-
er winaswar gansazRvruli xarjebi sagrZ-
noblad gaizrdeba davis sagnis Rirebule-
basTan SedarebiT, an didad gadaaWarbebs
winaswar ganasazRvrul xarjebs, eqsperti
valdebulia droulad acnobos amis Sesa-
xeb sasamarTlos.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs eqsper-

tisaTvis ori saxis anazRaurebas: pirveli _ sasamar-
Tlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis da meo-
re _ mgzavrobis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis
xarjebi da dRiuri Tanxa.
_ sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSao-
saTvis eqsperti miiRebs anazRaurebas, Tu igi araa spe-
cialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebis Ta-
302
namSromeli. anazRaurebis odenoba aseT SemTxvevaSi

ganisazRvreba 45-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis ko-
mentari), e. i. Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xasiaTis da sir-
Tulis mixedviT, romelic sabolood, mxareTa mosaz-
rebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlosa da eqsperts
Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT unda ganisazRvros.
_ rac Seexeba meore saxis xarjebs, rac eqspertis
sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli,
isini yovelTvis unda aunazRaurdes eqsperts im ta-
rifebis mixedviT, romlebic Sesabamisi normatiuli ma-
saliTaa gansazRvruli.
2. winaswar zustad imis gansazRvra, Tu ra xarjeb-
Tan iqneba dakavSirebuli eqspertizis Catareba, miT
umetes Tu saqme gvaqvs rTul bioqimiur gamokvleveb-
Tan da rTuli da ZviradRirebuli masalebisa da teq-
nikis gamoyenebasTan, SeuZlebelia. amitom, eqsperts
evaleba droulad acnobos sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb.
saqme isaa, rom eqspertizis xarjebs ixdis mxare, ro-
melmac iSuamdgomla eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb,
an orive mxare, Tu misi daniSvna sasamarTlos inicia-
tiviT moxda (52-e muxli). igulisxmeba, rom Tu aseTi
xarjebi didad gadaaWarbebs winaswar gansazRvruls
da davis sagnis RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi aRarc ki
Rirs misi Catareba, sasamarTlom mxareebTan SeTanx-
mebiT SeiZleba uari Tqvas mis Catarebaze.
303
wigni meore
saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloSi
kari meoTxe
sasarCelo warmoeba
T a v i XXI
saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT
muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra

1. saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi
aRiZvreba sarCeliT, xolo am kodeqsiT gaT-
valiswinebul SemTxvevebSi -_ gancxadebiT.
2. sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda
iyos werilobiTi formiT da upasuxebdes
am kodeqsiT dadgenil moTxovnebs.
pirs, romelsac miaCnia, rom misi ufleba darRveu-

lia an sadavodaa gamxdari, SeuZlia moiTxovos am uf-
lebis dacva sasamarTlos meSveobiT. samoqalaqo sap-
roceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva sa-
xis samarTalwarmoebas, rogoricaa: a) sasarCelo war-
moeba; b) udavo warmoeba; g) gamartivebuli warmoeba.
1. 177-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs am sa-
marTalwarmoebaTa aRZvras, anu darRveuli (sadavo)
uflebis dacvis formebs, rogoricaa sarCeli da ganc-
xadeba.
sarCelis meSveobiT aRiZvris sasarCelo warmoeba
(kari meoTxe 177-291-e muxlebi), gancxadebis meSveo-
biT aRiZvris udavo warmoeba (kari meeqvse, 310-356-e
muxlebi) da gamartivebuli warmoeba (302-3097-e mux-
lebi).
2. samarTalwarmoebis aRZvrisa da uflebis dacvis
304
am formebs (sarCels, gancxadebas) aqvT bevri saerTo,

magram maT aqvT Tavisi specifikac. saerTo ki maT So-
ris isaa, rom rogorc sarCeli, ise gancxadeba Sedgeni-
li unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da pasuxobdnen ka-
noniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs, romlebic bevr
rameSi erTmaneTs emTxveva.
muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi
1. sarCelSi unda aRiniSnos:

a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, romelSic Se-
aqvT sarCeli;
b) mosarCelis warmomadgenlis (Tu sar-
Celi Seaqvs warmomadgenels), mopasuxis,
mowmis, aseve sxdomaze mosawvevi sxva piris
saxeli, gvari (saxelwodeba), misamarTi, aseve,
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, samuSao adgilis
misamarTi, telefoni, maT Soris, mobil-
uri, eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi;
g) mosarCelis moTxovna;
d) garemoebebi, romlebzedac mosarCele
amyarebs Tavis moTxovnebs;
e) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs
am garemoebebs;
v) sarCelis fasi;
z) sarCelisTvis darTuli sabuTebis nusxa;
T) am kodeqsis 180-e muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli iuridiuli interesi, Tu
aRZrulia aRiarebiTi sarCeli.
2. sarCelSi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes ag-
reTve mosarCelis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb,
rom:
a) sasamarTlom daavalos mopasuxes im
mtkicebulebaTa warmodgena, romlebic mas-
Tan inaxeba da romlebzedac mosarCele
amyarebs Tavis sasarCelo moTxovnebs;
b) sasamarTlom misces miTiTeba Sesabamis
305
dawesebulebebs, raTa maT warudginon sa-

samarTlos yvela is werilobiTi Tu nivTi-
eri sabuTi da masala, romlebsac SeuZli-
aT daadasturon sarCelSi aRniSnuli ga-
remoebebi da romelTa gacemaze aramarT-
lzomierad uTxres uari mosarCeles;
g) sasamarTlom droulad Seatyobinos
da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoiZaxos mow-
meebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon
sarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi.
3. sarCels xels awers mosarCele an misi
uflebamosili warmomadgeneli.
es muxli sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSi

CamoTvlilia moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda pasuxobdes
sarCeli (sarCelis savaldebulo rekvizitebi), meo-
re nawilSi miTiTebulia moTxovnebze, romlebsac sar-
Celi SeiZleba arc ki pasuxobdes (arasavaldebulo
rekvizitebi), xolo mesame nawili gansazRvravs Tu vis
SeuZlia moaweros xeli sarCels, rac agreTve savalde-
buloa.
1. im moTxovnebze, romlebic saerToa sasamarTlo-
Si yoveli formiT mimarTvisaTvis, gansakuTrebul yu-
radRebas imsaxurebs am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~,
`d~ da è~ qvepunqtebi.
_ `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos ara marto mosarCelisa da mopasuxis vinaoba
da misamarTebi, aramed sasamarTloSi mosawvevi nebis-
mieri piris vinaoba da misamarTebi, agreTve maTi tele-
foni (mobiluri), eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi. am punq-
tis Tanaxmad mosarCelis warmomadgenlis vinaoba da
misamarTi miTiTebuli unda iyos sarCelSi, Tu mas
Seaqvs es sarCeli, magram 70-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
analizi (ix. am muxlis komentari) safuZvels gvaZlevs
gavakeToT daskvna, rom warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da
misamarTis miTiTeba sarCelSi yovelTvis aucilebe-
306
lia, Tu, ra Tqma unda, mosarCeles am droisaTvis yavs

warmomadgeneli.
„g“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos mosarCelis moTxovna, anu sarCelis sagani. es
uaRresad mniSvnelovani da principuli xasiaTis moTx-
ovnaa. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo ixilavs sarCels da
gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba swored am sasarCelo moTx-
ovnis farglebSi, romlebsac sasamarTlo verc Secv-
lis da verc gaafarTovebs. dispoziciurobis prin-
cipidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moTxovnebis Secvlis
an gafarToebis ufleba mxolod mosarCeles aqvs.
aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad, garkveviT
da amomwuravad unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu ras
moiTxovs mosarCele mopasuxisagan. Tu es moTxov-
na araa srulyofilad Camoyalibebuli, maSin sasa-
marTlom unda misces mosarCeles vada xarvezis
Sesavsebad.
„d“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebs
Tavis moTxovnas. es garemoebebi TavianT er-
TobliobaSi Seadgenen mtkicebis sagans. sasamarT-
lo aqac SeboWilia. SejibrebiTobis principidan gamom-
dinare mxareebma TviTon unda gansazRvron Tu rome-
li faqtebi daudon safuZvlad TavianT moTxovnebs da
Sesagebels (ix. me-4 muxlis komentari). sasarCelo
moTxovnis dasasabuTeblad sarCelSi miTiTebuli
faqtebi warmoadgenen im iuridiul faqtebs, romlebic
qmnian sarCelis safuZvels. mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba,
Semowmeba da Sefaseba sasamarTlom unda awarmoos sar-
CelSi miTiTebuli faqtiuri garemoebebis mimarT. sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia ar Sekribos mtkicebulebebi iseTi
faqtebis mimarT, romlebzec marTalia miuTiTebs mo-
sarCele, magram maT ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmis swo-
rad gadawyvetisaTvis (ix. 104-e muxlis komentari).
aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad da garkveviT
unda iyos miTiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebzec mo-
sarCele afuZnebs Tavis moTxovnebs, winaaRmdeg
307
SemTxvevaSi mas unda mieces vada xarvezis Sesavsebad

(185-e muxli).
„e“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadastu-
ron mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebu-
li faqtebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda
misces vada mosarCeles xarvezis Sesavsebad 185-e mux-
lis Sesabamisad.
xarvezad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom sarCels ar
erTvis mtkicebulebebi, mtkicebulebebis TandarTva
sarCelze sasurvelia, magram araa savaldebulo, damt-
kicebis movaleoba (mtkicebis tvirTi)warmoiSveba sar-
Celis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg. amiT sasarCelo war-
moeba gansxvavdeba udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebi-
sagan, romlis dros gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes
mtkicebulebebi (ix. 303-e, 313-e da 315-e muxlebis ko-
mentari).
mosarCeles ar evaleba sadavo samarTlebrivi urT-
ierTobis iuridiuli kvalifikacia, es imas niSnavs, rom
mosarCele araa valdebuli miuTiTos sarCelSi kanon-
ebze da iuridiulad daasabuTos Tavisi sasarCelo
moTxovna.
am muxlis „v“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad mosarCele
valdebulia miuTiTos sarCelis fasi anu davis sagnis
Rirebuleba. mosarCeles aseTi movaleoba ganmtkice-
bulia agreTve me-40 muxliT. Tu mosarCelis mier mi-
TiTebuli fasis odenoba saeWvoa, mosamarTle gan-
sazRvravs mis odenobas. davis sagnis Rirebulebis
gansazRvris wesebi Camoyalibebulia me-40-41-e mux-
lebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
am muxlis „z“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul movale-
obas zogjer ar asruleben mosarCeleebi, e.i. sarCel-
Si ar uTiTeben TandarTuli sabuTebis nusxas, rac
zogjer seriozuli gaugebrobis mizezi xdeba, kerZod
zogjer mosarCele acxadebs rom man sarCelTan erTad
warmoadgina sabuTi, romelic ratomRac araa saqmeSi.
aseTi da sxva gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
308
sarCelSi yovelTvis unda mieTiTos im sabuTebze, rom-

lebic mas erTvis. es saSualebas miscems mosamarTles
Seamowmos nusxis sisrule da siswore, xolo Tu es
saWiroa misces vada mosarCeles Seavsos an daazustos
es nusxa.
iuridiuli interesi aRiarebiTi sarCelis aRZvris
winapirobaa. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu mosa-
rCeles ar aqvs aseTi sarCelis aRZvris interesi. amit-
om, „T“ qvepunqti avaldebulebs mosarCeles miuTiTos
mis mier aRZrul aRiarebiT sarCelSi aseT iuridiul
interesze. Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, iuridiuli in-
teresi aris ara sarCelis Sinaarsis sakiTxi, aramed am
sarCelis aRZvris, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis wina-
piroba. iuridiuli interesis raobis Sesaxeb ix. 180-e
muxlis komentari.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli moTxovnebis
sarCelSi Camoyalibeba marTalia Zalze sasurvelia da
udavod Seuwyobs xels saqmis droulad ganxilvas, ma-
gram araa savaldebulo. amitom, mas Semdeg, rac sarCe-
li iqneba miRebuli warmoebaSi, sasamarTlom unda
daavalos mosarCeles jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze,
droulad aRZras sasamarTlos winaSe Sesabamisi Sua-
mdgomlobebi (203-e da 206-e muxlebi).
3. sasamarTloSi sarCeli mosarCelis saxeliT
SeiZleba Seitanos misma warmomadgenelma, magram
erTi savaldebulo pirobiT, Tu am warmomadgenels
gaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix.
98-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli

sabuTebis aslebi
sarCeli da TandarTuli sabuTebi sasa-
marTlos unda waredginos imdeni asliT,
ramdenic mopasuxea. sarCels unda erTo-
des agreTve saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis da-
madasturebeli dokumentebi.
309
_ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisaTvis igi unda pasu-

xobdes ara marto im moTxovnebs, romlebic Camoyali-
bebulia 178-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, aramed warmod-
genili iyos imdeni asliT, ramdenic mopasuxea da erT-
vodes baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumenti.
_ sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs miiRos sarCeli war-
moebaSi baJis winaswari gadaxdis gareSe (185-e muxli),
magram mas SeuZlia gaaTavisuflos gadaxdisagan, gada-
uvados, ganuwilvados gadaxda, Seumciros baJis ode-
noba (46-e-49-e muxlebi). amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom un-
da gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba.
muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli

sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras uflebisa Tu
samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis arseboba-
ararsebobis dadgenis, dokumentebis namd-
vilobis aRiarebis an dokumentebis siyal-
bis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu mosarCeles aqvs
imis iuridiuli interesi, rom aseTi aRia-
reba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT moxdes.
_ sarCeli sami saxisaa: mikuTvnebiTi anu aRsrule-

biTi sarCelebi, gardaqmniTi sarCelebi da aRiarebiTi
anu dadgeniTi sarCelebi. aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZle-
ba iyos rogorc dadebiTi (magaliTad, sarCeli qirav-
nobiTi urTierTobis arsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb), ise
uaryofiTi (magaliTad, nasyidobis xelSekrulebis ba-
Tilad cnobis Sesaxeb).
aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZleba mxolod im moTxovna-
Ta arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic miTiTebu-
lia am muxlSi.
_ aRiarebiTi sarCelebi yovelTvis gulisxmoben mo-
dave mxareebs. amitom, aseT sarCelebSi yovelTvis
gvyavs ori modave mxare _ mosarCele da mopasuxe, ri-
Tac igi gansxvavdeba udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiu-
li faqtis dadgenisagan.
310
_ aRiarebiTi sarCelis miRebisaTvis saWiroa yvela

is dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi winapirobebi, romlebic mi-
TiTebulia 178-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ amasTan erTad, aRiarebiT sarCels waeyeneba ki-
dev erTi damatebiTi winapiroba _ iuridiuli inte-
resi. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebobs sarCelis aRZv-
ris yvela winapiroba, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia
178-e muxliT, magram ar arsebobs iuridiuli inte-
resi, mosarCeles uari unda eTqvas aRiarebiTi sar-
Celis miRebaze da ganxilvaze.
gansxvavebiT mikuTvnebiTi (aRsrulebiTi) sarCele-
bisa, romlebic mimarTulia darRveuli uflebis dac-
visaken, aRiarebiTi sarCelebis dros mosarCelis uf-
leba jer kidev araa darRveuli, magram arsebobs misi
momavalSi darRvevis saSiSroeba, radgan viRaca eda-
veba mas am uflebaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli interesis arsebo-
bisaTvis, romelic warmoadgens aRiarebiTi sarCelis
miRebisa da ganxilvis winapirobas _ saWiroa:
1. arsebobdes dava mxareTa Soris uflebisa Tu sa-
marTlebrivi urTierTobis Sesaxeb, e.i. mopasuxe unda
ecilebodes (edavebodes) mosarCeles uflebaSi (maga-
liTad, sakuTrebis uflebaSi, moTxovnis uflebaSi da
a.S.);
2. aseTi dava unda qmnides am uflebis momavalSi
darRvevis realur saSiSroebas;
3. aRiarebiTi sarCelis gadawyveta, davis gadawy-
vetis saukeTeso saSualeba unda iyos, anu am gadawy-
vetilebas sruliad garkveuli sargebloba unda moh-
qondes mosarCelisaTvis; is unda qmnides uflebis Tu
urTierTobis gansazRvrulobas, rac dairRva mxareTa
Soris wamoWrili davis gamo;
4. aRiarebiTi sarCeli dauSvebelia, Tu ukve SesaZ-
lebelia sarCeli TviT valdebulebis Sesrulebis Ta-
obaze, e.i. Tu SesaZlebelia aRiZras mikuTvnebiTi (aR-
srulebiTi) sarCeli.
311
muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebis

momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb
sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Ses-

rulebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, Tu:
a) sasarCelo moTxovna ar aris damokide-
buli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesruleba-
ze da misi Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSire-
bulia kalendaruli dRis dadgomasTan;
b) viTarebis mixedviT gamarTlebulia SiSi
imis Taobaze, rom movale Tavs aaridebs
valdebulebis droulad Sesrulebas.
_ valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb sar-

Celebis miRebis winapirobebi, garda 178-e muxlSi mi-
TiTebuli sarCelis uflebis winapirobebisa, damate-
biT gaTvaliswinebulia am muxlis à~ da `b~ qvepunqte-
biT. sakiTxi exeba sarCels iseTi valdebulebis Sesa-
xeb, romlis Sesrulebis vada jer ar damdgara da maSa-
sadame ar arsebobs sarCelis ufleba anu sarCelis dak-
mayofilebis ufleba materialur samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT.
_ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos aseTi sarCe-
li warmoebaSi, masSi, garda 178-e muxliT gaTvaliswi-
nebuli rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos damate-
biT, jer erTi _ imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar aris
damokidebuli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesruleba-
ze, magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlis Ta-
naxmad ìm pirs, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ... Se-
uZlia uari Tqvas valdebulebis Sesrulebaze sapasu-
xo moqmedebis ganxorcielebamde ...~ meore _ valde-
bulebis Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSirebulia kalenda-
ruli dRis dadgomasTan. saqme isaa, rom Tu valdebu-
lebis SesrulebisaTvis araa gansazRvruli dro, maSin
kreditors nebismier dros SeuZlia moiTxovos misi
Sesruleba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 365-e muxli) da aqe-
dan gamomdinare, valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrule-
312
bis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris saWiroeba ar arsebobs.

mesame _ adgili aqvs iseT garemoebebs (viTarebas), rom-
lebic iZlevian imis varaudis safuZvels, rom movale
Tavs aaridebs an saerTod ver SeZlebs valdebulebis
Tavis droze Sesrulebas.
_ mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is mdgomareoba, rom val-
debulebis vadamde Sesrulebis moTxovna saerTod da-
uSvebelia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 366-e muxli). kredi-
tors SeuZlia moiTxovos valdebulebis dauyovnebliv
Sesruleba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca misi Sesrulebi-
saTvis dadgenilia dro da es dro jer ar damdgara `Tu
movale gadaxdisuunaro gaxda, an Sepirebuli uzrun-
velyofa Seamcira, anda igi saerTod ver warmoadgina
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 367-e muxli).
ssk 181-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs arc valdebule-
bis vadamde Sesrulebas da arc valdebulebis dauyov-
nebliv Sesrulebas. es muxli garkveuli pirobebis ar-
sebobisas dasaSvebad Tvlis mxolod sarCelebs val-
debulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelo

moTxovnis gaerTianeba da gamoyofa
1. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi ga-

aerTianos am sasamarTlos gansjadi ram-
denime moTxovna erTi da imave mopasuxis
mimarT, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da
imave safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi,
Tu _- ara.
2. sasarCelo gancxadebis mimReb mosa-
marTles SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moTxov-
nebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an
ramdenime moTxovna, Tu cnobs, rom moT-
xovnaTa gancalkevebuli garCeva ufro mi-
zanSewonilia.
3. ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdeni-
me mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovne-
313
bis miRebisas, sasarCelo gancxadebis mim-

Reb mosamarTles SeuZlia calke warmoe-
bad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna,
Tu cnobs, rom moTxovnaTa gancalkevebu-
li ganxilva ufro mizanSewonilia.
4. Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdeni-
me erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erT-
maneTTan dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic
erTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxare monawi-
leobs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ini-
ciativiT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaer-
Tianos es saqmeebi erT warmoebad erTad
ganxilvisaTvis, Tu aseT gaerTianebas Sed-
egad mohyveba davis ufro swrafad da swo-
rad ganxilva. mosamarTle, romelsac mima-
rTes saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb Suamdgo-
mlobiT, Tavis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmesTan
aerTianebs Tavis warmoebaSive an sxva mo-
samarTlis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmes, ris
Taobazedac gamoaqvs motivirebuli gan-
Cineba.
1. gansxvavebiT sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTiane-

bisa, romelic warmoSobs Tanamonawileobas, am muxlis
pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs sarCelebis obieqtu-
ri gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas e. i. ramdenime sasar-
Celo moTxovnis gaerTianebas erTi da imave mopasuxis
mimarT.
am uflebis realizacia, e.i. ramdenime sasarCelo
moTxovnvis gaerTianeba dasaSvebia: a) Tu yvela moTx-
ovna cal-calke aRebuli am sasamarTlos gansja-
dia. es imas niSnavs, rom ar SeiZleba iseTi moTxovneb-
is gaerTianeba, romlebic sxvadasxva sasamarTlos gan-
sjadia. (magaliTad, erTi moTxovna quTaisis sasamarT-
los gansjadia, xolo sxvebi samtrediis sasamarTlos
gansjadia da a.S.)
es wesi ar vrceldeba magistrati mosamarTlis gan-
314
sjad saqmeebze, romelic am raionis (qalaqis) admin-

istraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedebs. amis
safuZvels gvaZlevs me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili, romlis
Tanaxmad Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli
ramdenime moTxovna, romelTagan erT-erTi ar
ganekuTvneba magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes,
am saqmes ganixilavs raionuli sasamarTlos sxva mosa-
marTle; b) Tu sarCeli aRZrulia erTi da imave mo-
pasuxis mimarT. Tu sarCeli aRiZvris ramdenime mosa-
rCelis mier, an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, maSin
gveqneba sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, anu Tan-
amonawileoba da aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda
ixelmZRvanelos 86-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
ar aris aucilebeli, rom es gaerTianebuli sxva-
dasxva moTxovna erTsa da imave safuZvels, anu erTsa
da imave faqtobriv garemoebebs emyarebodes. magali-
Tad, erT sarCelSi S eiZleba iseTi moTxovnebis gaer-
Tianeba, rogoricaa sesxad micemuli Tanxis dabrune-
ba, binis qiris gadaxdevineba, ijaris xelSekrulebis
baTilad cnoba, zianis anazRaureba da a.S. yvela es
moTxovna sxvadasxva faqtobriv da samarTlebriv
safuZvlebs emyareba, magram maTi gaerTianeba dasaS-
vebia zemoT miTiTebuli pirobebis dacviT.
2. Cveni ssk-si upiratesobas aniWebs mxareTa ufle-
bebis realur dacvas, saqmis sworad da swrafad
gadawyvetis interesebs. am interesebiTaa ganpirobe-
buli am muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom
sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamoyos
gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erTi an ramdenime
moTxovna, Tu es misi azriT xels Seuwyobs am moTx-
ovnebis sworad da swrafad ganxilvas.
moTxovnebis calke warmoebad (calke warmoebebad)
gamoyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba,
romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
3. 86-e muxli uflebas aZlevs pirebs gaerTiandnen
am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas da
315
ise aRZran sarCeli erTi an ramdenime mopasuxis

winaaRmdeg (sarCelebis subieqturi SeerTeba).
182-e muxlis me-3 nawili uflebas aZlevs sasamarT-
los Tavisi iniciativiT, mxareebTan winaswari SeT-
anxmebis gareSe calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ram-
denime moTxovna. gamoyofis safuZveli aqac saproce-
so samarTlebrivi xasiaTisaa: saqmeTa ufro swrafi da
swori ganxilva -gadawyveta.
moTxovnaTa calke warmoebad gamoyofis SemTxveva-
Sic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar Sei-
Zleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawili ki piriqiT iTvaliswinebs
am sasamarTloSi aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelebis
erT warmoebad gaerTianebas. mniSvneloba ar aqvs
erTi da igive mxareebi monawileoben Tu ara am saqmeSi.
sasamarTloSi ukve aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelis
gaerTianeba erT warmoebad SesaZlebelia ori pirobis
erTdroulad arsebobisas: a) Tu gasaerTianebeli
saqmeebi erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneT-
Tan dakavSirebulia. magaliTad, aRZrulia ramdenime
sxvadasxva sarCeli warmoebaSi momxdari avariis Sede-
gad miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb; b) saqme-
Ta gaerTianebas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da swo-
rad ganxilva.
erTgvarovania samarTlebrivad saqmeebi Tu ara - es
obieqturi niSania da damokidebulia gaerTianebuli
saqmeebis xasiaTze da Sinaarsze, magaliTad, Tu ram-
denime muSa-mosamsaxurem aRZra sarCeli samuSaoze
aRdgenis Sesaxeb, romlebic Statebis Semcirebis gamo
daiTxova sawarmos administraciam - es sarCelebi erT-
gvarovania da maTi gaerTianebac mizanSewonili iqne-
ba. magram, Tu amave administracias sxva muSa-mosamsax-
ureTa mimarT aRZruli aqvs sarCeli miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebis Sesaxeb yvela am sarCelis erTad gaer-
Tianeba dauSvebelia, radgan isini araa erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivad da araa erTgvarovani.
mosamarTles SeuZlia gaaerTianos (Tavisi inicia-
316
tiviT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT) mxolod mis warmoe-

baSi arsebuli, agreTve amave sasamarTlos sxva mosa-
marTlesTan arsebuli saqmeebi, ris Sesaxebac mas ga-
moaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sxva mosamarTlesTan
arsebuli saqmeebis gaerTianebisas mizanSewonili iqne-
ba mosamarTlem saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCineb-
is gamotanamde winaswar moeTaTbiros sxva mosamar-
Tles, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, am sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomares.
saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo sa-
Civris Setana ar SeiZleba.
muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb

ganCinebis gamotanis vada
mosamarTle valdebulia sarCelis Caba-

rebidan xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi gamoita-
nos ganCineba am sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb.
sarCeli miRebulad miiCneva misi miRebis
Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis dRidan, xo-
lo, Tu aRniSnul vadaSi ganCineba gamota-
nili ar iqneba, maSin -_ am vadis gasvlis
Semdeg.
_ xuTdRiani vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mo-

samarTles Cabarda (gadaeca) sarCeli.
xuTi dRe aris vada, romlis ganmavlobaSi mosamar-
Tlem an unda miiRos ganCineba misTvis gadacemuli sar-
Celis xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu aseTi xarvezi ga-
aCnia mas (185-e muxli), an miiRos ganCineba sarCelis
warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.
_ Tu arcerTi es ganCineba miRebuli araa mosamarT-
lis mier, maSin sarCeli iTvleba miRebulad da unda
daiwyos misi ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadeba ise,
rogorc es ganxorcildeboda am sarCelis warmoebaSi
miRebis Sesaxeb ganCineba rom yofiliyo gamotanili.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aseT sarCels aRmoaCn-
317
des xarvezi. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi mis ga-

mosasworeblad, magram Tu mosarCele amas ar akeTebs,
magaliTad, ar ixdis saxelmwifo baJs, sasamarTlom ma-
inc unda moamzados da ganixilos sarCeli, radgan igi
miRebulad iTvleba. is, risi gamosworebac mosamarT-
lem ver SeZlo momzadebis stadiaze, SeiZleba gamos-
wordes am sarCelis mimarT sasamarTlos mier gamota-
nili gadawyvetilebiT (magaliTad, daakisros Sesaba-
mis mxares baJis gadaxda).
_ 183-e muxlis umTavresi mizani da daniSnuleba
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sasamarTloebi gansakuTrebu-
li yuradRebiT moeqcnen da droulad Seiswavlon,
Seamowmon da gadawyviton sarCelis warmoebaSi miRe-
bis sakiTxi.
muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTuli

dokumentebis aslebis gadagzavna
mopasuxisaTvis
1. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg an aseTi ganCi-
nebis gamotanis vadis gasvlis Semdeg (am
kodeqsis 183-e muxli) mosamarTle valde-
bulia gasces gankarguleba am sarCelisa
da TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebis mo-
pasuxisaTvis am kodeqsis 201-emuxliT
dadgenili wesiT gadagzavnis Sesaxeb.
2. sarCelis sasamarTlo warmoebaSi mi-
Rebis Semdeg mxareTa Soris wamoWrili da-
va ar SeiZleba romelime sxva sasamarTlom
an organom ganixilos. amasTan, mxareebs ar
erTmevaT ufleba gayidon an sxva gziT
gaasxvison davis sagani, anda daTmon Tavi-
anTi moTxovna.
3. amoRebulia.
318
1. sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba mosamar-

Tlis mier Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg, risT-
visac mas eZleva xuTi dRis vada, xolo Tu man am vadaSi
ganCineba ar miiRo _ xuTi dRis vadis gasvlis Semdeg
(183-e muxli).
_ sarCelis da masze darTuli dokumentebis asle-
bis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnas sasamarTlo awarmoebs
201-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am muxlis komen-
tari). gankarguleba gadagzavnis Sesaxeb unda aisaxos
ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis da masze TandarTuli dokumentebis mo-
pasuxisaTvis gadagzavna unda moxdes dauyovnebliv
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg.
2. me-2 nawilSi xazgasmulia marTlmsajulebis we-
siT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis upiratesoba sxva
wesiT saqmis ganxilvasTan SedarebiT. amitom, Tu sar-
Celi miRebulia warmoebaSi sasamarTlos mier, sxva ara-
sasamarTlo organos am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta
ar SeuZlia, xolo Tu mainc moxdeba es, maSin saqme, e. i.
dava mxareTa Soris gadawyvetilad CaiTvleba ise, ro-
gorc es sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTaa gansazRvru-
li.
_ rac Seexeba am davis sxva sasamarTlos mier gan-
xilvas, roca sarCeli erTdrouladaa Sesuli or an met
sasamarTloSi, rac alternatiuli gansjadobis dros
SeiZleba moxdes, kolizia gadaWrilia imis mixedviT,
Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre Sevida es sarCe-
li. vadis gamoTvla unda moxdes imis mixedviT, Tu ro-
mel sasamarTloSi ufro adre miiRes ganCineba sarCe-
lis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romeli dRidan iT-
vleba igi miRebulad, roca aseTi ganCineba ratomRac
ar iyo gamotanili (183-e muxli).
3. yovelTvis, roca araa gatarebuli sarCelis uz-
runvelyofis RonisZiebebi, mxareebs ufleba aqvT ga-
yidon, gaaCuqon davis sagani, an daTmon moTxovna.
aseT SemTxvevaSi am mxaris nacvlad saqmeSi Caebme-
ba uflebamonacvle (ix. 92-e muxlis komentari).
319
muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCineba

da sarCelis ukan dabruneba
Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom sarCeli

Setanilia am kodeqsis 178-e da 179-e mux-
lebSi miTiTebuli pirobebis darRveviT an/
da saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili an/
da saqmeSi ar aris warmomadgenlis ufle-
bamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi, igi
gamoitans xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCinebas da
mosarCeles dauniSnavs vadas mis Sesavse-
bad. Tu mosarCele daniSnul vadaSi Seavsebs
ganCinebaSi miTiTebul xarvezs, mosamar-
Tle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis war-
moebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb; winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmisa
da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesax-
eb, razedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Set-
ana. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTx-
vevaSi saxelmwifo baJi eqvemdebareba mTli-
anad dabrunebas.
_ mosamarTle, sarCelis misTvis Cabarebidan xuTi

dRis ganmavlobaSi, yuradRebiT unda gaecnos sarCels
im TvalsazrisiT, pasuxobs Tu ara igi 178-e da 179-e
muxlebis moTxovnebs (ix. am muxlebis komentari). Tu
aRmoCndeba, rom igi ar pasuxobs romelime am moTxov-
nas, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas xarvezis Sevse-
bis Sesaxeb, romelSic amomwuravad unda iyos miTi-
Tebuli Tu ra xarvezi (xarvezebi) gaaCnia am sarCels
da ra vadaSi unda aRmoifxvras es xarvezi. xarvezis
SevsebisaTvis vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo imis mi-
xedviT, Tu ra xasiaTis moqmedeba unda Seasrulos mo-
sarCelem da ra vada iqneba amisaTvis saWiro.
- ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles
gamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic, roca sarCeli Seaqvs da masze
320
xels awers mosarCelis warmomadgeneli, Tumca mas ar

gaaCnia amisaTvis specialuri uflebamosileba (ix.98-e
da 178-e muxlebis komentari).
_ ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb unda Cabar-
des mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ rogorc ki xarvezis Sevsebis vada amoiwureba, Tu
xarvezi am vadaSi ar iyo Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoi-
tans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris
Tqmisa (186-e muxlis „T“ qvepunqti) da misi mosarCeli-
saTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba, sarCeli da mas-
ze TandarTuli masalebi unda Cabardes da daubrun-
des mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 416-
e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos kerZo saCivari am
ganCinebaze, magram mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis
ganaxleba, rogorc zogjer amas adgili aqvs praqtika-
Si. Tu ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uar-
isTqmis Sesaxeb gauqmdeba, sasamarTlo gamoitans gan-
Cinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis (da ara saqmis ga-
naxlebis) Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sem-
TxvevaSi, mosarCeles ubrundeba saxelmwifo baJic,
Tu igi Setanili iyo.
muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uaris

Tqma
1. mosamarTle ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu:

a) sarCeli ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlo
uwyebas;
b) arsebobs sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
an ganCineba mosarCelis mier sarCelze ua-
ris Tqmis, mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis
an mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb;
g) am an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSia
saqme davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave
321
saganze da imave safuZvliT;

d) mxareebs dadebuli aqvT xelSekrule-
ba, rom maT Soris dava gadasawyvetad ga-
daeces kerZo arbitraJs;
e) saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris;
v) sarCeli Seitana qmeduunaro pirma;
z) dainteresebuli piris saxeliT ganc-
xadeba Seitana pirma, romelsac ara aqvs
uflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze.
T) mosarCelem ar Seavso sasamarTlos
mier miTiTebuli sarCelis xarvezi (am kod-
eqsis 185-e muxli).
2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis „e“, „z“„
da „T“ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
safuZvlebiT mosamarTlis uari gancxadeb-
is miRebaze xels ar uSlis, ganmeorebiT
mimarTon sasamarTlos imave sarCeliT, Tu
acilebeli iqneba daSvebuli darRveva.
1. sarCeli SeiZleba pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas,

rac gaTvaliswinebulia 178-e, 179-e da 185-e muxlebiT,
magram igi SeiZleba mainc ar miiRos sasamarTlom, rad-
gan ar arsebobs sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebi. es wa-
namZRvrebi miTiTebulia am muxlSi.
a) saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareo-
ba (sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba) zogadad gansazRvru-
lia me-11 muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). sasamarT-
lo ver ganixilavs sarCels, Tu misi ganxilva ar Sedis
sasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi sa-
samarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRebaze ua-
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb, im motiviT, rom misi ganxilva ar eq-
vemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad.
Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo aseTi sarCeli,
magram SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, rom ar unda mieRo arasaq-
veuwyebobis gamo, maSin igive sasamarTlo gamoitans me-
ore ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (272-
322
e muxli), ise rom arc ki gaauqmebs Tavis Tavdapirvel

ganCinebas sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb.
b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlos ga-
dawyvetileba, romelic gamotanilia imave sarCelze,
e. i. davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da ima-
ve safuZvliT. igi efuZneba akrZalvas, romlis mixed-
viT gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
mxareebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadon sasamarT-
loSi igive sarCeli (266-e muxli).
_ igive Sedegebi ukavSirdeba sasamarTlo ganCine-
bas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom
mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze, mopasuxem cno sarCe-
li, an kidev, mxareebi morigdnen.
Tu es sakiTxi gairkva mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom
miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, mosamarTle Sewyvets saq-
mis warmoebas ssk 272-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis Sesaba-
misad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
g) ar SeiZleba erTi da igive sarCeli erTdroulad
ganixilebodes imave sasamarTloSi sxva mosamarTlis
an sxva Semadgenlobis mier, an sxva sasamarTloSi. er-
Ti da igive sarCelis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi ganxil-
vis SesaZleblobis daSveba niSnavs erTsa da imave saq-
meze sxvadasxva Sinaarsis sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-
bis arsebobis daSvebas: erTma sasamarTlom SeiZleba
gamoitanos gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis
Sesaxeb, xolo meorem _ sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
cxadia, rom am gadawyvetilebaTa aRsruleba SeuZle-
beli iqneba.
_ Tu or an met sasamarTloSi Setanilia erTi da igi-
ve sarCeli, saqme unda ganixilos im sasamarTlom, ro-
melmac yvelaze adre miiRo ganCineba sarCelis war-
moebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romelSic igi ufro adre
miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli).
Tu sasamarTlom yovelive amis Sesaxeb Seityo ara
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis etapze, aramed misi mi-
Rebis Semdeg, maSin gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ga-
323
nuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis è~ qvepun-

qtis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
d) mxareTa Soris dadebul SeTanxmebas davis kerZo
arbitraJisaTvis (samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis) ga-
dacemis Sesaxeb, aqvs iuridiuli Zala, rogorc TviTon
mxareebisaTvis, ise sasamarTlosaTvis. amitom, aseTi
SeTanxmebis (xelSekrulebis) arsebobisas sasamarT-
los ufleba ar aqvs miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli, xo-
lo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba
(272-e muxlis `v~ qvepunqti).
_ mxareebs, cxadia, SeuZliaT gaauqmon TavianTi Se-
Tanxmeba axali SeTanxmebiT, uari Tqvan davis kerZo
arbitraJSi ganxilvaze da am davis ganxilva kvlav sa-
erTo sasamarTlos dauqvemdebaron, magram yovelive
es mxareebma werilobiT unda gaaformon da ise warud-
ginon sasamarTlos.
e) gansjadoba gvaZlevs pasuxs kiTxvaze: romeli sa-
samarTlos gansaxilvelia sarCeli. samoqalaqo sapro-
ceso kodeqsis me-13-24-e muxlebi awesrigeben gansja-
dobas. principi aseTia: saqme unda ganixilos gansjad-
ma sasamarTlom. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sarCeli aRZ-
rulia aragansjad sasamarTloSi, am sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia ar miiRos igi gansaxilvelad.
_ amasTan erTad, gansjadobis darRveva ar warmo-
adgens gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvels. garkve-
uli pirobebis arsebobisas aragansjadi sasamarTlo
SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes Tu arsebobs amis Taobaze
mxareTa SeTanxmeba, an Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegi araa,
rom saqme ganixilos aragansjadma sasamarTlom (21-e
muxli). gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom zemdgomi ins-
tanciis sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gansjadoba
ara Tavisi iniciativiT, aramed mxaris TxovniT da im
pirobiT, Tu gansjadobis Semowmebis sakiTxi jer ki-
dev pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvisas iyo mopa-
suxis mier dayenebuli (377-e muxli).
v) qmeduunarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebulia aseTad (322-e mux-
324
li). Tu sasamarTlom aseTi pirisagan miiRo sarCeli,

mas SeuZlia datovos igi ganuxilvelad, magram SeuZ-
lia ganixilos igi da saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri war-
momadgeneli, xolo Tu aseTi ar yavs dauniSnos mas sap-
roceso warmomadgeneli (82-e da 275-e muxlebi).
z) mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi
piradad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT (93-e muxli).
_ dainteresebul pirad iTvleba is piri, romlis uf-
lebis dasacavadac warmomadgenels Seaqvs sarCeli. ga-
dawyvetilebas sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis Sesaxeb
iReben TviTon dainteresebuli pirebi (mxareebi). es ma-
Ti fundamenturi uflebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, pirs,
romelsac Seaqvs sarCeli sxva piris uflebis dasaca-
vad (warmomadgeneli) saTanadod, e. i. kanonis moTxov-
naTa dacviT unda hqondes gaformebuli specialuri
uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix. 98-e muxlis komentari).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT `piri, romel-
sac ar aqvs uflebamosileba sxva piris uflebis dasa-
cavad sarCelis aRZvraze da arasaTanado mxare, ker-
Zod, arasaTanado mosarCele. arasaTanado mosarCe-
le _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos
sarCeliT Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumca ufle-
ba, romlis dacvasac igi moiTxovs, sinamdvileSi ekuT-
vnis ara mas, aramed sxvas. es is SemTxvevaa, romelsac
SeiZleba vuwodoT Secdoma uflebaSi. rac Seexeba
arauflebamosil pirs _ es iseTi piria, romelic aRZ-
ravs sarCels ara Tavisi, aramed sxva piris uflebis
dasacavad. kanons es savsebiT dasaSvebad miaCnia, mag-
ram moiTxovs aseTi uflebamosilebis saTanadod ga-
formebas (98-e muxli).
T) sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRe-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac
mosarCele ar Seavsebs sasamarTlos mier miTiTebul
xarvezs daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 185-e muxlis komentari).
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili sarCelis
uflebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi wanamZRvrebis arse-
bobis Tu ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles gamo-
325
aqvs ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.

Tu sarCelis miRebaze uari eTqva am muxlis à~, `b~ da
`d~ punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT, maSin
mosarCeles ar SeuZlia kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos
igive sarCeliT. uaris Tqma sarCelis miRebaze am mux-
liT gaTvalisiwinebuli nebismieri sxva safuZvliT
xels ar uSlis mosarCeles kvlav mimarTos sasamarT-
los igive sarCeliT, Tu isini acilebuli iqneba.
_ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCineba-
ze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (187-e muxli).
_ Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli, rome-
lic ar unda mieRo da sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvre-
bis arseboba-ararseboba gamovlinda mas Semdeg, roca
sarCeli warmoebaSi iqna miRebuli, kanoni TviTon gan-
sazRvravs am Secdomis gamosworebis saSualebebs: imis
mixedviT, Tu romeli winamZRvari arsebobs, mosamar-
Tle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb, an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb
(ix. 187-e muxlis komentari).
sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mosar-
Celes ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelis

miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
1. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
mosamarTle gamoitans dasabuTebul ganCi-
nebas. Tu sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma
motivirebulia imiT, rom es sarCeli am
sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris, mosamarT-
le valdebulia miuTiTos Tavis ganCineba-
Si, Tu romel sasamarTlos mimarTos mo-
sarCelem. ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos ag-
reTve, Tu rogor unda iqnes acilebuli
saqmis aRZvris damabrkolebeli garemoeba-
ni.
326
mosamarTlis ganCineba Cabardeba mosarCe-

les, romelsac imavdroulad ubrundeba
mis mier Setanili sabuTebi. Tu sarCelis
miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamov-
lindeba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis
Semdeg, maSin imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria es
safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis
warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad da-
tovebs (am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e mux-
lebi).
ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma niSnavs uflebis dac-

vaze da saerTod, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba-
ze uaris Tqmas. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri rCeba samarT-
lebrivi dacvis miRma. cxadia, rom sarCelis miRebaze
uaris Tqmas sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT
unda moekidos.
1. SemTxveviTi araa is, rom am muxlis pirveli nawili
moiTxovs sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mo-
tivirebas (dasabuTebas). am ganCinebis motivireba ki Se-
saZlebelia 186-e muxlSi miTiTebuli sarCelis ufle-
bis wanamZRvrebis arsebobiT an ararsebobiT, rac naT-
lad da zustad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli ganCinebaSi.
_ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCineba-
Si imaze miTiTeba, Tu rogor iqnes acilebuli is winam-
ZRvrebi, ris gamoc aseTi ganCineba iqna gamotanili, am
muxlis kategoriuli moTxovnaa, Tumca zogjer es Se-
uZlebelia. magaliTad, Tu ganCineba sarCelis miReba-
ze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb motivirebulia imiT, rom es sar-
Celi ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad, an ki-
dev, arsebobs am sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetile-
ba imave mxareebs Soris, maSin wanamZRvrebis Tavidan
acileba SeuZlebelia. magram, Tu ganCineba motivire-
bulia imiT, rom sarCeli Seitana arauflebamosilma
pirma, an araqmedunarianma pirma da a. S. maSin sasamar-
327
Tlom unda miuTiTos, rom uflebamosilebis saTana-

dod gaformebis Semdeg warmomadgenels kvlav SeuZ-
lia Seitanos igive sarCeli, an kidev, qmeduunaros ka-
nonier warmomadgenels, an TviTon mas, Tu sasamarT-
los mier is qmedunarianad iqneba kvlav aRiarebuli
(327-e muxli).
2. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
mosarCeles unda Cabardes 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgeni-
li wesiT.
_ mas ubrundeba agreTve sabuTebi, romlebic Tan
erTvoda sarCels, magram ara sasarCelo gancxadeba,
romelic ganCinebasTan erTad rCeba saqmeSi. gamonak-
liss am mxriv warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRe-
baze uarisTqma xarvezis Seuvseblobis gamo. aseT
SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba sarCelic (ix. 185-
e muxli). masve ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelm-
wifo baJic. mniSvnelovania aqve aRiniSnos, rom Tu
sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamovlin-
deba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, maSin imis
mixedviT, Tu rogoria es safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sew-
yvets saqmis warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad da-
tovebs (ix. am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e muxlebi.)
3. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva
xdeba 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
328
T a v i XXII
Segebebuli sarGeli
muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis

aRZvra
1. mopasuxes ufleba aqvs misTvis sarCe-

lis aslis Cabarebis dRidan saqmis zepiri
ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis dam-
Tavrebamde aRZras mosarCelis mimarT Se-
gebebuli sarCeli pirvandel sarCelTan er-
Tad gansaxilvelad.
2. am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes
SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasa-
marTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu saqmis
zepiri ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzade-
bis damTavrebamde Segebebuli sarCelis
wardgena ver moxda sapatio mizeziT. sap-
atio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e
muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoe-
bebi.
Segebuli sarCeli SesagebelTan (SepasuxebasTan)

erTad mopasuxis sarCelisagan Tavdacvis erT-erTi sa-
Sualebaa. Segebebuli sarCeli gansxvavdeba Sesagebli-
sagan: mopasuxis Sesagebeli (Sepasuxeba) yovelTvis mi-
marTulia sarCelis faqtobrivi an iuridiuli dasabu-
Tebulobis gaqarwylebisaken. Segebebuli sarCelic
zogjer igive mizansac SeiZleba isaxavdes, magram zog-
jer piriqiT, igi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir ZiriTadi
sarCelis aRiarebasac niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac Se-
gebebuli sarCeli mimarTulia ZiriTadi sasarCelo
moTxovnis CasaTvlelad, mopasuxe ar uaryofs am moT-
xovnis dasabuTebulobas; misi mizania mxolod is, rom
sasamarTlom es Segebebuli moTxovna CauTvalos mo-
sarCeles mis ZiriTad moTxovnaSi. garda amisa, Segebe-
329
buli sarCeliT mopasuxe ara marto icavs Tavs ZiriTa-

di sarCelisagan, aramed imavdroulad icavs Tavis pi-
rad uflebasac.
praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, roca yovel-
gvari dasabuTebis gareSe gadawyvetilebiT uari eTq-
va mopasuxes Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofilebaze,
sakasacio sasamarTlom araerTgzis miuTiTa, rom sasa-
marTlom unda imsjelos am sarCelebis safuZvliano-
bis Sesaxeb da gamoitanos maT mimarT motivirebuli
gadawyvetileba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba ssk
394-e muxlis è~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze misi gauqme-
bis absoluturi safuZveli.23
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs vadas,
romlis ganmavlobaSic mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Se-
gebebuli sarCeli. es vada emTxveva saqmis momzadebis
damTavrebis vadas.
_ saqmis momzadeba damTavrebulad iTvleba im mo-
mentidan, roca mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saq-
mis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-
e muxli).
2. am ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZ-
lia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqro-
bis dawyebamde, Tu daamtkicebs, rom Tavis droze (ix.
am muxlis pirveli nawili) igi ver aRiZra sapatio mi-
zeziT. mizezis sapatioba, amrigad, aris ara Segebebu-
li sarCelis miRebis (189-e muxli), aramed misi aRZv-
ris winapiroba. aris Tu ara Segebebuli sarCelis dro-
ulad aRuZvrelobis mizezi sapatio _ gadawyvets sa-
samarTlo. (ix. 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
paeqrobis dawyebis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZ-
vra dauSvebelia.
23
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2001,#6,gv. 564.
330
muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis

miRebis pirobebi
1. Segebebuli sarCelis wardgena SeiZle-

ba sarCelis wardgenis Sesaxeb arsebuli
wesebis dacviT.
2. miiRebs Segebebul sarCels, Tu:
a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimar-
Tulia pirvandeli moTxovnis CasaTvlelad;
b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba
mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoricxavs pir-
vandeli sarCelis dakmayofilebis SesaZ-
leblobas;
g) Segebebul sarCelsa da pirvandel sar-
Cels Soris aris urTierTkavSiri da maTi
erTad ganxilvis Sedegad aRZruli dava
ufro swrafad da sworad gadawydeba.
3. pirvandeli da Segebebuli sarCelis
erTad ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos ga-
moaqvs erToblivi gadawyvetileba, garda
245-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswne-
buli SemTxvevebisa.
1. Segebebuli sarCeli _ Cveulebrivi sarCelia. Se-

gebebuli mas imitom ewodeba, rom igi aRiZvris sxva Zi-
riTadi (Tavdapirveli) sarCelis gamo, Tumca rom ara
es ZiriTadi sarCeli, igi SeiZleba aRZruliyo rogorc
damoukidebeli da ZiriTadi sarCeli.
_ amitom, Segebebul sarCels waeyeneba igive moT-
xovnebi, rac nebismier sxva sarCels. kerZod, misi Si-
naarsi unda Seesabamebodes 178-e da 179-e muxlis moT-
xovnebs, agreTve unda pasuxobdes 186-e muxlis moT-
xovnebs, garda am muxlis è~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli
pirobisa gansjadobis Sesaxeb, radgan Segebebuli sar-
Celi SeiZleba aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romelic ixi-
lavs Tavdapirvel sarCels.
2. garda sarCelis dasaSvebobisa da sarCelis miRe-
331
bis saerTo pirobebisa, Segebebuli sarCeli unda pa-

suxobdes am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebul specia-
lur (damatebiT) pirobebs. es pirobebia:
a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimarTulia pir-
vandeli sasarCelo moTxovnis CasaTvlelad.
_ magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli zaralis anazRau-
rebis Sesaxeb 1000 laris odenobiT. mopasuxem aRZra
Segebebuli sarCeli da moiTxova mosarCelisagan 800
laris gadaxdevineba, rac mas sesxis saxiT hqonda ga-
cemuli mosarCelisaTvis. amasTan erTad, mopasuxem
sTxova sasamarTlos CauTvalos aRniSnuli 800 lari
zaralis anazRaurebaSi da daakisros mas 200 laris mo-
sarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda.
valdebulebis Sewyveta CaTvliT gaTvaliswinebu-
lia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 442-e muxliT.24
b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba mTlianad an
nawilobriv gamoricxavs pirvandeli sarCelis dakma-
yofilebis SesaZleblobas. magaliTad, aRZrulia sar-
Celi binis damqiraveblis binidan gamosaxlebis Sesa-
xeb, im motiviT, rom igi uars ambobs gadaixados qira.
mopasuxem aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli, raTa igi cnon sa-
davo binis mesakuTred (an TanamesakuTred). cxadia,
rom Tu Segebebuli sarCeli dakmayofildeba da mopa-
suxe cnobili iqneba binis mesakuTred, maSin gamoiric-
xeba pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofileba.
g) Segebebul da pirvandel sarCelebs Soris aris
urTierTkavSiri.
_ magaliTad, nivTis mimbarebelma aRZra sarCeli am
nivTis Semnaxvelis mimarT Sesanaxad mibarebuli niv-
Tis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. Semnaxvelma Tavis mxriv
aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli SenaxvisaTvis gaweuli xar-
jebis 1000 laris odenobiT nivTis mimbarebelze da-
kisrebis Sesaxeb (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 776-e muxli). aq
urTierTkavSiri pirvandel sarCelsa da Segebebuli
sarCels Soris aSkaraa.
24
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,
Tb.,2001,gv.544
332
_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze Segebebuli sarCelis

umoZraod datovebis Sesaxeb, an kidev, ganCinebaze Se-
gebebuli sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZ-
leba Setanil iqnes kerZo saCivari.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRniSnuli ganCinebebi ga-
motanilia dagvianebiT aRZruli Segebebuli sarCele-
bis mimarT (magaliTad, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxil-
vis dros) _ es ver gaxdeba saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasa-
marTlos mTavari sxdomis gadadebis sababi. sasamarT-
lom unda gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos
gadawyvetileba, xolo Tu Semotanili iyo kerZo saCi-
vari, igi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gasaCivrebul sasa-
marTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
sasamarTloebma ar unda dauSvan, rom Segebebu-
li sarCelebi gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis
gaWianurebis mizniT.
_ rac Seexeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, e. i. dro-
ulad aRZrul Segebebul sarCelebze gamotanil gan-
Cinebebze Semotanil kerZo saCivrebs, isini ganxilul
unda iqnes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (414-420-e muxle-
bi).
3. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris erT-erTi mTavari
mizania maTi erTad ganxilva da erToblivad gadawyve-
ta. magram SeiZleba ise moxdes, rom, yvelaferi gar-
kveulia erT-erTis mimarT, magram araa garkveuli me-
oris mimarT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia
gamoitanos ara erToblivi, aramed gadawyvetile-
ba erT-erTis mimarT romelic mzadaa gadawyvetile-
bis gamosatanad (245-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac man unda
miuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi. erT-erT saqmeze sa-
kasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba im moti-
viT, rom `sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba mxolod
ZiriTadi sarCelis mimarT da araferi Tqva Segebebul
sarCelze, riTac daarRvia ssk 189-e muxli~.25
25
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.564.
333
muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba

Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris gamo
1. Tu Segebebuli sarCeli aRZruli da

miRebulia saqmis winaswari momzadebis dam-
Tavrebis Semdeg, mosarCelis TxovniT an
sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba am saq-
mis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba.
2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebiT gamowveuli
xarjebi daekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac dag-
vianebiT aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli.
1. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia saqmis wi-

naswari momzadebis damTavrebamde, e. i, saqmis mTavar
sxdomaze daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanamde. am
vadis gasvlis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra da-
saSvebia mxolod im pirobiT Tu es vada sapatio mize-
ziT iyo gaSvebuli (188-e muxli). Tu am moTxovnaTa
gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlom miiRo Segebebuli sar-
Celi saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, e. i. mas
Semdeg, roca miRebulia ganCineba saqmis mTavar sxdo-
maze daniSvnis Sesaxeb, an saqmis mTavar sxdomaze gan-
xilvis dros, sasamarTlom SeiZleba gadados am saqmis
ganxilva sxva droisaTvis. gadadeba SeiZleba moxdes
im motiviT, rom saWiroa Segebebuli sarCelis gansa-
xilvelad momzadeba, magram Tu Tavdapirveli mosar-
Cele ar moiTxovs gadadebas da arc sasamarTlos miaC-
nia aucileblad _ saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba ar gadai-
dos.
2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba SeiZleba dakavSirebu-
li iyos garkveul xarjebTan, romlebic gamowveulia
mowmeTa ganmeorebiT gamoZaxebiT, axali mowmeebis
mowveviT, axali mtkicebulebebis gamoTxoviT, Tar-
jimnis ganmeorebiT mowveviT da a. S.
yvela am xarjis dafarvis movaleoba daekisreba mo-
pasuxes, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man dagvianebiT
aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli.
334
T a v i XXIII
sarGelis uzrunvelyofa
muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis

uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
1. mosarCeles SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarT-

los sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancx-
adebiT, romelic unda Seicavdes miTiTebas
im garemoebebze, romelTa gamoc uzrunve-
lyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs
an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aR-
srulebas da Sesabamis dasabuTebas, Tu
uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZiebis gatareba
miaCnia mosarCeles aucileblad. Tu sasa-
marTlos gauCndeba dasabuTebuli varaudi,
rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba
gaaZnelebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadaw-
yvetilebis aRsrulebas, mas gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
2. gancxadebas, romliTac piri iTxovs
uZrav qonebaze yadaRis dadebas, unda daer-
Tos cnoba sajaro reestridan an Sesabam-
isi dokumenti, romliTac dasturdeba uZrav
qonebaze mopasuxis sakuTrebis ufleba.
3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gancxadebas ar axlavs am muxlis me-2
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli cnoba sajaro
reestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, anda
saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Taoba-
ze da ganmcxadebels aZlevs vadas mis Sesav-
sebad. daniSnul vadaSi xarvezis Seuvse-
blobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi gan-
CinebiT gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs,
rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.
335
1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa esaa gadawyvetilebis

realurad aRsrulebisaTvis mosalodneli dabrkole-
bis Tavidan acileba, mopasuxis mier Tavisi qonebis an
fuladi saxsrebis gankargvis uflebis SezRudvis
gziT.
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos iniciati-
viT dauSvebelia. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyo-
fis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanos ara marto mosarCelem,
aramed mesame pirma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, ag-
reTve mopasuxem , Tu man aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli
da moiTxovs mis uzrunvelyofas.
gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, gar-
da yvela sxva saxis gancxadebisaTvis saWiro rekvizi-
tebisa, unda Seicavdes miTiTebas: a) im faqtobriv ga-
remoebebze, romelTa gamo uzrunvelyofis RonisZi-
ebebis miuRebloba gaarTulebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas; b) miTiTebas mowinaaR-
mdege mxaris im qonebaze an fulad saxsrebze (anga-
riSebze bankSi da sxva), romelTa mimarT unda moxdes
uzrunvelyofa ; g) miTiTebas uzrunvelyofis Ro-
nisZiebebze, romlis gatarebac ganmcxadebels miaCnia
aucileblad.
sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uzrunvely-
ofis romeli RonisZieba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli,
wyvets sasamarTlo mosarCelis gancxadebis Sesa-
bamisad (ix. 198-e muxlis pirveli nawili). aqedan ga-
momdinare, mosamarTlem unda ganixilos mxolod
mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. Tu aseTi
ganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom es RonisZieba
ver uzrunvelyofs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas,
gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ar
kmayofildeba.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba gatardes im
qonebaze, romelic ekuTvnis mopasuxes. am muxlis me-2
nawili gansazRvravs mtkicebulebebs, romelTa meSve-
obiT SeiZleba mopasuxis sakuTrebis uflebis dadas-
336
tureba mxolod mis uZrav qonebaze. mopasuxis sxva

qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis dadasturebisaTvis
mtkicebulebaTa saxeebi winaswar gansazRvruli araa,
rac imas niSnavs, rom SeiZleba nebismieri mtkice-
bulebis gamoyeneba.
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is gare-
moeba, rom „uZrav nivTebze uflebaTa registraciis
Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis me-4 nawi-
lis Tanaxmad „amonaweri sajaro reestridan ZalaSia
gacemis momentidan 10 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi“. am
vadiT unda ganisazRvros sajaro reestris mier gacemu-
li cnobis Zalac, Tu aseTi cnoba iyo warmodgenili.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili moiTxovs, rom Tu sakiTxi
exeba mopasuxis uZrav qonebaze uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gatarebas, maSin gancxadebas aucileblad
unda daerTos am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli mt-
kicebulebebi, Tu es mtkicebulebebi ar erTvis gancx-
adebas, an Tu saxelmwifo baJi araa gadaxdili, sasa-
marTlo uniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels Seavsos
xarvezi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gancxadebas ganuxil-
velad datovebs.
SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi ra saxelmwifo baJi ig-
ulisxmeba aq: saxelmwifo baJi, romelsac mosarCele
ixdis winaswar sarCelis ganxilvisaTvis (38-e muxlis
„a“ qvepunqti), Tu damatebiT kidev gancxadebisaTvis
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
SeiZleboda gvefiqra da ufro swori iqneboda
Tu praqtika am gziT wavidoda, rom aq mxedveloba-
Sia jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze ba-
Jis gadaxda (192-e muxli), romlis odenoba Sead-
gens 50 lars (39-e muxlis „e“ qvepunqti). saqme isaa,
rom Tu sarCeli aRZrulia da warmoebaSia miRebu-
li, amisaTvis mosarCele winaswar ixdis baJs. am
sarCelis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT calkeuli
saproceso moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis, maT
Soris sarCelis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, mosarCele
baJs aRar unda ixdides.
337
191-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, agreTve momdevno mux-

lebSi miTiTebulia sasamarTlo ganCinebaTa „sa-
CivriT gasaCivrebaze“, an „saCivris Setanaze“. ra
aris es saCivris axali saxe Tu igive kerZo saCivari?
amis Sesaxeb ixileT 197-e da 1971 muxlebis komentari.
muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelis

sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde
1. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis

Sesaxeb gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi sarCelis aR-
Zvramde.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTval-
iswinebuli gancxadebis sasamarTlos mier
dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sar-
Celis SetanisaTvis daniSnavs gonivrul
vadas, magram aranakleb 5 da ara umetes
10 dRisa ganCinebis mxarisTvis Cabarebis
momentidan. Tu sasamarTlos mier daniS-
nul vadaSi sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis Semtani piri ar aRZravs sar-
Cels, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT an
mowinaaRmdege mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZ-
velze gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis uzrun-
velsayofad mis mier miRebuli RonisZiebe-
bis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
1. jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesa-

xeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi
mxolod `gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi~.
_ gadaudebeli SemTxveva SeiZleba sxvadasxva ga-
remoebiT iyos gamowveuli (qonebis mosalodneli ga-
yidva, gaCuqeba, xSirad fiqtiuri gasxviseba, gadamal-
va da a. S.), magram ra garemoebiTac ar unda iyos gamow-
338
veuli, ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos jer ar aRZ-

ruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gadaudebloba.
2. jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas Tavi-
si iniciativiT sasamarTlo daniSnavs gonivrul vadas,
romlis ganmavlobaSic, Tu ganmcxadebeli ar aRZravs
sarCels, gamotanili iqneba ganCineba sarCelis uzrun-
velyofis RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gonivruli vadis farglebi gan-
sazRvra TviTon kanonmdebelma (aranakleb 5 da arau-
metes 10 dRisa). sasamarTlos SeuZlia am farglebSi
gansazRvros im sarCelis Setanis vada, romelic mis
aRZvramde iyo uzrunvelyofili.
_ ganCinebaSi jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvel-
yofis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos ara marto imis Sesaxeb,
rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmdeba, Tu am gan-
CinebiT daniSnul vadaSi sarCeli ar iqneba aRZruli,
aramed imis Sesaxebac, rom ganmcxadebels daevaleba
im zaralis anazRaureba, rac miadga mowinaaRmdege mxa-
res uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis gatarebiT (199-e
muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi
gancxadebas sarCelis uzrunvelyofis

Sesaxeb gadawyvets am sarCelis ganmxilve-
li sasamarTlo gancxadebis Setanidan erTi
dRis vadaSi, mopasuxisTvis Seutyobineblad.
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, SeiZleba iTqvas, swrafi

(daCqarebuli) procesia. mosamarTles, mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mowvevisa da monawileobis gareSe gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. aseve swra-
fad da dauyovnebliv, e. i. misi gamotanisTanave ganCi-
neba, Tu am ganCinebiT dadginda sarCelis uzrunvely-
ofa, unda Cabardes (gaegzavnos) mowinaaRmdege mxa-
res, raTa man SeZlos gaasaCivros igi, an moiTxovos sxva
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba.
339
muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelis

1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasa-

marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic unda
upasuxebdes ganCinebisaTvis 285-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da romelSic
unda mieTiTos, uzrunvelyofis romeli
konkretuli RonisZieba SearCia sasamarT-
lom.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamota-
nil ganCinebaze mopasuxes SeuZlia Seita-
nos saCivari, romelic unda Seicavdes:
a) sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamotani-
li ganCinebis zust dasaxelebas;
b) miTiTebas, Tu ra zomiT unda gauqmdes
an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Se-
saxeb;
g) garemoebebs, romelTa gamoc unda ga-
uqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvel-
yofis Sesaxeb.
3. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlo ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vada Sead-
gens xuT dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba ar
SeiZleba da misi dena iwyeba sarCelis uz-
runvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mopasuxi-
saTvis gadacemis momentidan.
4. saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs uzrun-
velyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsrulebas,
magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia garkveuli dro-
iT SeaCeros aRsruleba an gaauqmos uzrun-
velyofisaTvis ukve miRebuli RonisZiebebi.
5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancx-
adebis daukmayofileblobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrun-
velyofaze uaris Tqmis Taobaze. sasamarT-
losTvis imave saganze da imave safuZvliT
340
xelmeored mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi miiReba

ganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datove-
bis Sesaxeb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.
1. garda saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Sei-

cavdes ganCineba (285-e muxli), ganCineba sarCelis uz-
runvelyofis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes: a) uzrunvelyo-
fis romeli konkretuli RonisZieba gaatara sasamar-
Tlom (198-e muxli); b) im qonebis adgilmdebareobas da
individualur niSnebs, romelTa mimarTac gatarda
RonisZieba; g) TiToeuli nivTis srul da zust saxel-
wodebas, maT wonas, parametrebs da a. S.
_ ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes
miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi dauyonebliv unda aR-
sruldes, agreTve gasaCivrebis vadas (195-e muxli).
2. saCivari uzrunvelyofis Taobaze sasamarTlo gan-
Cinebis gauqmebis Tu Secvlis Sesaxeb, garda yvela ase-
Ti saCivris saerTo rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes im
garemoebebze miTiTebas, romelTa safuZvelzec unda
gauqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba. am garemoebaTa damt-
kicebis tvirTi ekisreba momCivans.
3. vinaidan, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT saq-
mis warmoeba daCqarebuli warmoebaa (193-e muxli), am
muxlis me-3 nawilic iTvaliswinebs saCivris Setanis
Semoklebul xuTdRian vadas, maSin rodesac kerZo sa-
Civris Setanis saerTo vadaa 12 dRe (416-e muxli). es
vada iwyeba ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tu
eswreboda mowinaaRmdege mxare, an im droidan, roca
mopasuxes (mowinaaRmdege mxares) Cabarda ganCineba 70-
78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
4. saCivris Setana avtomaturad ar aCerebs uzrun-
velyofis RonisZiebis gatarebas. sasamarTlos momCi-
vanis gancxadebiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba uz-
runvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis an misi gatarebis
SeCerebis Sesaxeb. Tavis mxriv am ganCinebazec SeiZle-
ba saCivris Setana (197-e muxli).
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis (moxsnis) Se-
341
saxeb ganCineba sasamarTlom mxareTa TxovniT an Tavi-

si iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos Sesabamis maregist-
rirebel organoebs im SezRudvebis moxsnis mizniT,
rac uzrunvelyofis gauqmebuli RonisZiebiT iyo gaT-
valiswinebuli.
5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mxares ufle-
ba ar aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos imave saganze da
imave safuZvliT, xolo Tu mimarTavs sasamarTlo gam-
oitans ganCinebas gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datoveb-
is Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana.
muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis

Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasa-

marTlos ganCinebis aRsruleba dauyovneb-
liv xorcieldeba, sasamarTlo gadawyveti-
lebis aRsrulebisaTvis dadgenili wesiT.
_ ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb mar-

Talia dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, magram es imas
ar niSnavs, rom igi dauyovnebliv Sedis kanonier Zala-
Si. miuxedavad am ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uzrun-
velyofis RonisZiebebisa, misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba 5
dReSi mopasuxisaTvis am ganCinebis gadacemis dRidan,
rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia 194-e muxlis me-3 nawi-
liT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ radgan uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsru-
leba warmoebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaTvis dad-
genili wesiT, sasamarTlom unda gasces saaRsrulebo
furceli misi gamotanisTanave. saaRsrulebo furce-
li ganCinebasTan erTad gadaecema mxares saaRsrule-
bo biuroSi warsadgenad.
342

erTi saxis Secvla meoriT
1. mxareTa TxovniT dasaSvebia sarCelis

uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvla.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis
meoriT Secvlis sakiTxis ganxilva dasaSve-
bia saqmis yvela stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac
ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram maTi gamoucxa-
debloba ver daabrkolebs am sakiTxis ga-
dawyvetas.
3. fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesa-
xeb sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas mopasuxes
SeuZlia miRebul uzrunvelyofis Ronis-
ZiebaTa nacvlad mosarCelis mier moTxov-
nili Tanxa Seitanos sasamarTlos sadepo-
zito angariSze.
1. gancxadebiT sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi sa-

xis meoreTi Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia mi-
marTos rogorc mosarCelem, ise mopasuxem. magaliTad,
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom
gamoiyena yadaRa. dainteresebulma mxarem moiTxova
misi Secvla garkveuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZal-
viT (magaliTad, binis gaqiravebis) am binaSi saremon-
to samuSaoebis Catarebis akrZalva da a. S.).
2. gancxadeba uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoreTi Sec-
vlis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze,
magram es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom es wesi gamoye-
nebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. ami-
tom, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gansaxilvelad aseTi
gancxadebebi, Tu isini sapatio mizezis gareSe ar iyo aR-
Zruli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (215-e muxli).
3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe mxare Seitans
sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze Tanxas im odeno-
biT, ra odenobiTac aRZrulia sarCeli (an jer araRZ-
343
ruli sarCeli), sasamarTlom unda Secvalos uzrun-

velyofis mis mier miRebuli RonisZieba.

Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba
1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tq-
mis, sarCelis uzrunvelyfois gauqmebis an
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis me-
oriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebaze
SeiZleba saCivris Setana. ganCinebis gasa-
Civrebis vada Seadgens xuT dRes. am vadis
gagrZeleba ar SeiZleba da misi dena iwye-
ba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gan-
Cinebis mxarisTvis gadacemis momentidan.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis me-
oriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebaze
saCivris Setana SeaCerebs am ganCinebis
aRsrulebas.
1. 197-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs im gan-

CinebaTa wres, romlebzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana,
vadas romlis ganmavlobaSiac SeiZleba am saCivris Set-
ana da moments, saidanac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada. gasa-
Civrebis vada am muxlis Tanaxmad iwyeba im momentidan,
rodesac mxares gadaeca ganCineba sarCelis uzrunve-
lyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ganCineba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an ganCineba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb.
marTalia 197-e muxlSi amis Sesaxeb araa miTiTebu-
li, magram rogorc es dadgenilia sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebaTa gasaCivrebisa (369-e muxlis me-2 nawili)
da kerZo saCivris Setanis vadebis mimarT (416-e mux-
li), Tu zemoT miTiTebuli ganCinebebis gamocxadebas
eswreboda gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone piri, maSin maTi
gasaCivrebis vada (da ara am vadis dena ix. me-60 muxli)
iwyeba am ganCinebebis gamocxadebis dRidan.
344
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasa-

Civreba avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aR-
srulebas (194-e muxlis me-4 nawili), magram sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an erTi saxis meoriT Secv-
lis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze saCivris Setana avtomaturad
SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas, ris Sesaxebac sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba („ganCineba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Taobaze gamot-
anili ganCinebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb“), rac
dauyonebliv unda ecnobos saaRsrulebo oganoebs,
Tu isini ukve Seudgnen gauqmebuli (Secvlili) gan-
Cinebis aRsrulebas. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCineba sar-
Celis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Sesaxeb Sei-
Zleba aRsruldes mis kanonieri ZalaSi Sesvlis an sa-
Civris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg.
XXIII Tavi, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyofas
eZRvneba, kerZod 191-e muxlis me-3 nawili, 194-e mux-
lis me-2, me-4 da me-5 nawilebi, 197-e muxli, 1971 muxli
iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi ganCinebebis gasaCivrebas ara
kerZo saCivriT, aramed am ganCinebebis „saCivriT gasa-
Civrebas“, „saCivris Setanas“ da a.S.
aseTma siaxlem ar unda gamoiwvios raime praqtiku-
li gaugebroba: saCivars mxolod imitom ewodeboda da
ewodeba „kerZo“, rom sasamarTlos mier ganCinebis
formiT gamotanili dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis formiT miRebuli
dadgenilebisagan gancalkevebiT da misgan damoukide-
blad. sxva aranairi datvirTva sityva „kerZos“, romel-
ic win uswrebs sityva „saCivars“ (kerZo saCivari) - ar
aqvs.
magram am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebi
da praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is, rom
sarCelis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT miRebul
ganCinebebze Setanili saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis
kanonmdebelma mTlianad SeinarCuna is wesi, romelic
arsebobda kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis, xolo ker-
Zo saCivrebis ganxilvis wesebSi Seitana cvlilebebi.
345
amJamad, kerZo saCivars veRar ganixilavs gasaCivre-

buli ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo da igi saqmesTan
erTad dauyonebliv unda gadaegzavnos zemdgom sasa-
marTlos (ix. 1971-e da 417-e muxlebis komentari).
muxli 1971. sasamarTlos mier

saCivris warmoebaSi miReba da
ganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmis
masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom
sasamarTloSi
1. sasamarTlo saCivars warmoebaSi iRebs

Sesabamisi instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis am
kodeqsiT gaTaliswinebuli wesebis Tanaxmad.
2. Tu sasamarTlo saCivars dasaSvebad
da dasabuTebulad miiCnevs, igi akmayofilebs
mas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saCivari saqmis
masalebTan erTad sasamarTlo ganCinebis
safuZvelze gaegzavneba zemdgom sasamarT-
los ganCinebis miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi.
3. saCivris ganxilvis vada ar unda aRemate-
bodes misi warmoebaSi miRebidan 20 dRes.
4. zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi
saCivari ganixileba am kodeqsis 419-e da
420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT.
1. am muxlSi pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sarCelis

uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil gan-
Cinebebze Setanili saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis wess:
Tu aseTi saCivari Sedis pirveli instanciis sasamarT-
loSi, maSin es sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT,
rac am sasamarTlosaTvis aris dadgenili, Tu saCivari
Sedis saapelacio an sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo-
Si, maSin es sasamarTloebi am saCivris warmoebaSi
miRebis dros xelmZRvaneloben im wesebiT, romlebic
am sasamarTloebisaTvis aris gansazRvruli.
amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom saapelacio da
346
sakasacio instanciebSi saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebis

pirobebi da wesebi gacilebiT ufro metsa da rTul
moTxovnebs Seicavs, vidre es moeTxoveba ganCinebe-
bze Setanil saCivrebs. amitom, aseTi saCivrebis dasaS-
vebobisa da w armoebaSi miRebisas sasamarTloebma unda
Seamowmon: a) pasuxobs Tu ara saCivris Sinaarsi 194-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnebs; b) Seitana Tu ara sa-
Civari uflebamosilma pirma (414-e muxlis me-2 naw.)
g)daculia Tu ara saCivris Setanis vada (194-e muxlis
me-3 nawili); d) iTvaliswinebs Tu ara kanoni gasaCivre-
buli ganCinebis gasaCivrebas (197-e muxli); e) gada-
xdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi (38-e muxlis „T“ punqti
da 39-e muxlis „d“ punqti).
saCivris dasaSvebobisa da warmoebaSi miRebis is
pirobebi, romlebic Seuferebeli da Seusabamoa aseTi
saCivrisaTvis, magaliTad, 391-e muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli kasaciis dasaSvebobis pirobebi, ar SeiZle-
ba gamoyenebuli iqnes saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebi-
saTvis.
am muxlis me-2 nawili sityva-sityviT gadmotanili
iqna 417-e muxlidan, rasac aqvs principuli mniSvnelo-
ba, saqme isaa, rom 2006 wlis 13 ivlisamde 417-e muxliT
damkvidrebuli da Cveni Rrma rwmeniT praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiT metad moxerxebuli da mosawoni wesi
vrceldeboda yvela kerZo saCivarze. amJamad ki es wesi
SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod sarCelis uzrunvely-
ofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze saCivrebis ganx-
ilvis dros.
SeuZlebelia avxsnaT am uaRresad mniSvnelovani
praqtikuli sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgomis logika. igi
ar SeiZleba emsaxurebodes kerZo saCivrebis daCqare-
bulad ganxilvis interesebs.
sxva sakiTxia, rom am normatiul debulebas praq-
tikaSi ar an ver iyenebdnen. magram amis gamo misi erTi
adgilidan meoreSi gadatana da moqmedebis sferos
Sekveca (mxolod sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze
347
gamotanil ganCinebebze Setanil saCivrebze gavr-

celeba), cxadia arafers ar mogvcems.26
rogoria am debulebis arsi?
2. saCivari Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi,
romlis ganCineba@ saCivrdeba. gasaCivrebuli ganCineb-
is gamomtan sasamarTlos mxolod erTi uflebam-
osileba aqvs - daakmayofilos saCivari. magram, Tu sa-
Civari ar daiSveba, vTqvaT imis gamo, rom igi Semot-
anilia vadis darRvviT an kidev, imis gamo, rom Seta-
nilia araflebamosili piris mier da a.S. an, Tumca
dasaSvebia, magram araa dasabuTebuli - maSin sasamarT-
lo valdebulia gamoitanos ganCineba „saCivris
saqmesTan erTad zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis
Sesaxeb“, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba, rom sasamarT-
lom (mosamarTlem) ganixila es saCivari da uari uTxra
mis dakmayofilebaze dauSveblobis an dausabuTeblo-
bis gamo.
aseTi ganCineba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom zemdgom-
ma sasamarTlom TviTon ganixilos rogorc am saCivris
dasaSvebobis, ise misi dasabuTebulobis sakiTxi da mi-
iRos Tavisi saboloo gadawyvetileba.
rac Seexeba qvemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCinebas sa-
Civris zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb, am
ganCinebis arc gauqmebisa da arc ZalaSi datovebis
aucilebloba ar arsebobs. zemdgomi sasamarTlo ix-
ilavs mxolod saCivars, romlis dakmayofilebazec
dauSveblobis an dausabuTeblobis gamo uari Tqva
qvemdgomma sasamarTlom.
26
imis gamo, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
damkvidrebuli esa Tu is wesi ar gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi, dauSvebelia
am wesis gauqmeba. Tu saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi gonivrulia, miRebul
unda iqnas zomebi, rom es wesebi dainergos.
saqarTvelos pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi samoqalaqo saqmeTa
ganxilvis praqtikis analizma gviCvena, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTa
ganxilvis is modeli, romelic ssk-iT aris damkvi drebuli, ver
dainerga, magram amis safuZvelze aravis ar mouTxovia am kodeqsis
gauqmeba.
ix. T.liluaSvili. samoqalaqo procesis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi. naw. I. Tb. 2002 w. gv.12
348
3. 1971-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saCivris

ganxilvis vadas (20 dRe). es vada iwyeba saCivris war-
moebaSi miRebidan.
romeli sasamarTlo iRebs saCivars warmoebaSi?
gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos
SeuZlia miiRos ori saxis gadawyvetileba: erTi - daak-
mayofilos saCivari, Tu igi dasaSvebi da dasabuTe-
bulia da meore - gadaagzavnos saCivari zemdgom sasa-
marTloSi, Tu igi araa dasaSvebi an dasabuTebuli. es
imas niSnavs, rom Tu saCivari araa dasaSvebi da amit-
om warmoebaSi misaRebi, man saCivari unda gadaagza-
vnos zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic am sakiTxze
iRebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas. amrigad, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT: saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs
wyvets ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani
sasamarTlo, aramed zemdgomi sasamarTlo. saCivris
ganxilvis 20 dRiani vadac aqedan, e.i. zemdgomi sasa-
marTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan
unda daiwyos.
saCivris ganxilvis 20 dRiani vada imaze migvaniS-
nebs, rom gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtanma sasa-
marTloebma rac SeiZleba swrafad unda miiRon gan-
Cineba am saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb an misi
zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs zemdgom sasa-
marTlo instanciaSi saCivris ganxilvis wess. kerZod,
ganCinebas saCivris Taobaze iRebs zemdgomi sasamarT-
lo. es ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganxilvis
gareSe, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos sa-
Civris zepiri ganxilvac (ix. 419-e muxlis komentari).
zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saCivris ganxilvis Sed-
egad miRebuli ganCineba ar gasaCivrdeba.
349

RonisZiebebi
1. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uz-

runvelyofis romeli RonisZieba unda iq-
nes gamoyenebuli, wyvets sasamarTlo mo-
sarCelis gancxadebis Sesabamisad
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebe-
bi SeiZleba iyos:
a) yadaRis dadeba qonebaze, fasian qaRal-
debsa Tu fulad saxsrebze, romlebic mopa-
suxes ekuTvnis da aris masTan an sxva pirTan;
b) mopasuxisaTvis garkveuli moqmedebis
Sesrulebis akrZalva;
g) mopasuxis davaldebuleba gadasces mis
mflobelobaSi arsebuli nivTi sasamarT-
lo aRmasrulebels sekvestris (qonebis iZu-
lebiTi marTva) saxiT;
d) sxva pirebisaTvis akrZalva imisa, rom
mopasuxes gadascen qoneba an Seasrulon
mis mimarT raime valdebuleba;
e) yadaRisagan qonebis gaTavisuflebis Se-
saxeb sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi qonebis
realizaciis SeCereba;
v) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos, ad-
gilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTve-
lobis organos, organizaciis an Tanamdebo-
bis piris sadavo aqtis moqmedebis SeCereba;
z) amoRebulia
T) amoRebulia
3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxva
RonisZiebebic, Tu es aucilebelia sarCe-
lis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. aucileblobis
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba daSvebul iqnes sar-
Celis uzrunvelyofis ramdenime saxe.
1. am muxlSi CamoTvlilia sarCelis uzrunvelyo-
350
fis RonisZiebaTa saxeebi, romelic araa amomwuravi. ka-

nonmdebels ar SeeZlo mieTiTebina Tu romel konkre-
tul SemTxvevaSi romeli RonisZieba unda gamoeyene-
bina sasamarTlos. es sakiTxi TviTon sasamarTlom un-
da gadawyvitos imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria sasarCelo
moTxovnis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi an TviTon mosarCe-
lis winadadeba. (ix. 191-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ko-
mentari). magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli nivTis ga-
moTxovis Sesaxeb, am sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad sa-
samarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos yadaRa, romelic Se-
uzRudavs mopasuxes misi gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCu-
qebis, gaqiravebis da a. S.) uflebamosilebas.
magram, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia raime nawarmoebis (ga-
mogonebis) Tanaavtorad cnobis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyo-
fis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos am
nawarmoebis gamoqveynebis (danergvis) akrZalva.
2. praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneben yada-
Ras. yadaRa _ esaa qonebis aRwera da am qonebis gankar-
gvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis, ijariT gacemis
da a. S.) akrZalva.
_ yadaRa SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ara marto qo-
nebriv, aramed araqonebriv davebSic. magaliTad, mo-
raluri zianis anazRaurebis dros, romelic ar gane-
kuTvneba qonebriv davebs, mopasuxes SeiZleba daekis-
ros fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevineba mosarCelis sasar-
geblod, ris uzrunvelsayofodac mis qonebas SeiZle-
ba daedos yadaRa.
b) es qvepunqti ar Seicavs konkretul miTiTebas Tu
raSi SeiZleba gamoixatos moqmedebis akrZalva. praq-
tikaSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia SemTxveva, rodesac mo-
pasuxes ekrZaleba Seasrulos, xolo Tu dawyebulia
gaagrZelos mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoe-
bi, raime produqciis gamoSveba da sxva. sarCelis uz-
runvelyofis am saxis (moqmedebis akrZalvis) gamoye-
neba mTlianad damokidebulia sarCelis xasiaTze, ima-
ze Tu ras moiTxovs mosarCele.
g) sekvestri anu qonebis iZulebiTi marTva gaT-
351
valiswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 310-e muxliT. am

muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos niv-
Tis iZulebiTi marTva (sekvestri) mosarCelis gancxa-
debis safuZvelze.27
`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-
nonis 79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, `mmarTveli
ar SeiZleba iyos sasamarTlo aRmasrulebeli, kredi-
tori an gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos wev-
ri, an am pirebis naTesavi~.
aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis miTi-
Teba, rom mopasuxem gadasces mis mflobelobaSi arse-
buli nivTi, `sasamarTlo aRmasrulebels sekvestris
(qonebis iZulebiTi marTvis) saxiT~ unda gavigoT ara
rogorc am qonebis samarTavad gadacema, aramed ro-
gorc gadacema imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos (organi-
zacia gaukeTos) am qonebis gadacema (Cabareba) im piri-
saTvis, romelic sasamarTlom daniSna mmarTvelad.
d) Tu aRmoCndeba, rom mopasuxis qoneba imyofeba
sxva pirTan an am sxva pirs ekisreba romelime kanon-
ieri safuZvliT (xelSekrulebiT, sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebiT da sxva) qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gada-
cema mopasuxisaTvis, mas SeiZleba aekrZalos mopasux-
is sasargeblod Sesabamisi moqmedebis Sesruleba, san-
am ar gairkveva sarCelis bedi.
e) `saaRsrulebo warmoebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-
nonis 32-e muxli iTvaliswinebs yadaRisagan qonebis gan-
Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas.
am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamarTlos SeuZ-
lia daadginos sadavo qonebis realizaciis SeCereba.
v) am qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli sadavo aqtis
moqmedebis SeCereba warmoebs administraciuli sap-
roceso kodeqsis 29-30-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.28
27
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,
wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv.318
28
ix. saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso
kodeqsis komentari, gv.158-170
352
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis aq CamoTvlili Ronis-

Ziebebis wre sakmaod farToa, magram araa amomwuravi
da sasamarTlos SeuZlia sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyene-
bac an erTdroulad ramdenime RonisZiebis gatareba.
muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT

gamowveuli zaralis anazRaureba
1. Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT
mopasuxes SeiZleba miadges zarali, mas
SeuZlia gamoiyenos sarCelis uzrunvely-
ofis RonisZieba da imavdroulad mosTxo-
vos pirs, romelmac mimarTa sasamarTlos
sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, meore
mxarisaTvis mosalodneli zaralis anazRau-
rebis uzrunvelyofa. uzrunvelyofis ga-
rantia sasamarTlom SeiZleba aseve gam-
oiyenos mowinaaRmdege mxaris gancxadebis
safuZvelze.
iswinebul SemTxvevaSi piri, romelmac mi-
marTa sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvely-
ofis Sesaxeb, valdebulia 7 dRis vadaSi
ganaxorcielos mopasuxisaTvis mosalodne-
li zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo dauy-
ovnebliv gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesax-
eb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.
3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamoy-
enebuli RonisZiebebi gaumarTlebeli ga-
modga imis gamo, rom mosarCeles uari eT-
qva sarCelze da gadawyvetileba Sevida ka-
nonier ZalaSi, anda imis gamo, rom sasamar-
Tlom 192-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesabami-
sad gaauqma sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Ro-
353
nisZieba, maSin is mxare, romlis sasargeb-

lodac moxda uzrunvelyofa, valdebulia
aunazRauros meore mxares zarali, romel-
ic mas miadga sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad
gamoyenebuli RonisZiebis Sedegad.
1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebam

SeiZleba garkveuli ziani miayenos mopasuxes, kanoni
icavs aramarto mosarCelis, aramed mopasuxis intere-
sebsac. amitom, pirs, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyo-
fas moiTxovs, SeiZleba daekisros im mosalodneli
zianis (zaralis) anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, rac Sei-
Zleba miadges mopasuxes sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT.
mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis
uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mo-
pasuxis SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativ-
iTac. amasTan, mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis
uzrunvelyofa unda gatardes „imavdroulad“ sar-
Celis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebasTan er-
Tad. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCinebaSi sarCelis uzrunve-
lyofis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ra moqmedebis Sesruleba daekisra mosar-
Celes (magaliTad, fuladi Tanxis dadeba da sxva) mopa-
suxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrun-
velsayofad. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosalodneli
zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sakiTxi
ganxiluli da gadawyvetili iqnes mogvianebiT, maSin
saWiro iqneba amis Sesaxeb calke ganCinebis miReba.
am muxlis pirvel nawilSi laparakia mosalodnel
zianze. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sarCelis uzrunvel-
sayofad SerCeulia iseTi RonisZieba, romelic ar mi-
ayenebs zians mopasuxes, maSin, cxadia, moixsneba sak-
iTxi zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxebac
(magaliTad, mopasuxes ar ekrZaleba isargeblos
nivTiT, gaaqiraos da miiRos sargebeli amisaTvis, ma-
gram mas ekrZaleba mxolod gaasxvisos es nivTi saqmis
sasamarTloSi gadawyvetamde).
354
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs vadas (7 dRe),

romlis ganmavlobaSic mosarCelem unda ganaxorcie-
los mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaureb-
is uzrunvelyofa. aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes
57-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT fuladi Tanxis
an fasiani qaRaldebis saerTo sasamarTloebis depar-
tamentis sadepozito angariSze Setanis gziT, an,
kidev TavdebobiT. (ix. 57-e muxlis komentari).
mosarCelis mier uzrunvelyofis ganuxorciele-
blobas 7 dRian vadaSi, ukavSirdeba seriozuli Sede-
gi, kerZod: sasamarTlom dauyonebliv unda gam-
oitanos ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. aseTi gauqmeba SeiZle-
ba ganxorcieldes sasamarTlos iniciativiT, an dain-
teresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT.
3. Tu mosarCeles uari eTqva uzrunvelyofil sar-
Celze, an gauqmda jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvel-
yofa imis gamo, rom pirma ar aRZra sarCeli sasamarT-
los mier daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 192-e muxlis komentari),
an, kidev, mas uari eTqva sarCelze da gadawyvetileba
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin mosarCelem unda
aunazRauros ziani mopasuxes, Tu igi amas moiTxovs.
sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebis Taobaze mopasuxem unda mimarTos sasa-
marTlos sarCeliT. masve ekisreba damdgari zianis
da misi odenobis damtkicebis tvirTi.
faqtiurad, mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis
anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa - esaa im sarCelis
uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba aRZras mopasux-
em mosarCelis winaaRmdeg, romlis sarCelis uzrun-
velyofis gamo mas miadga ziani.
Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs zianis anazRaurebas, an
moiTxovs, magram ver daamtkicebs zianis faqts da mis
odenobas, ris gamoc sasamarTlo uars etyvis mas sar-
Celis dakmayofilebaze, maSin Tavdapirvel mosarCe-
les daubrundeba is Tanxa (fasiani qaRaldebi), rac
man Seitana uzrunvelyofis garantiis saxiT, an gauqm-
355
deba sakredito dawesebulebis Tavdeboba, Tu aseTi

iyo daSvebuli.

gadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofis
RonisZiebis gauqmeba
sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis,
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis an saq-
mis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT (ganCinebiT)
auqmebs am sarCelTan dakavSirebiT gamoy-
enebul uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebas, rac
saCivrdeba am gadawyvetilebis (ganCineb-
is) gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT.
am muxlSi laparakia sam sasamarTlo dadgenileba-

ze, romlebiTac, Tu isini iqneba miRebuli, sasamarT-
lom imavdroulad, e.i. ise, rom ar daelodos maT kanon-
ier ZalaSi Sesvlas, unda gaauqmos sarCelis uzrunve-
lyofis RonisZieba. es dadgenilebebia sasamarTlo
gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uarisTq-
mis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos ganCineba sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. esaa kanonis kate-
goriuli moTxovna, romelic unda ganaxorcielos sasa-
marTlom Tavisi iniciativiT. mopasuxis gancxadeba amis
Sesaxeb araa saWiro.
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is gare-
moebac, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofile-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, agreTve zemod dasaxelebu-
li ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetileb-
isa da ganCinebebis gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadge-
nili wesiT.
es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dak-
mayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romliTac agreTve
356
gauqmda am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba - Sei-

Zleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT; aseve
sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb (272-e muxli), romliTac agreTve gauqmda sar-
Celis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasa-
Civrdes kerZo saCivriT (274-e muxli), xolo sasamarT-
los ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis
Sesaxeb (275-e muxli), romliTac gauqmda sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli).
rogorc vxedavT, Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gauqmeba xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an gan-
CinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganux-
ilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, maSin es gadawyvetileba
da ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes Sesabamisad saa-
pelacio (sakasacio) saCivriT da kerZo saCivriT, ma-
gram Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba xdeba
mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze da sasamarTlos
ganCinebiT, maSin es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sa-
CivriT (197-e muxli).
uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmebulad CaiTvle-
ba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac kanonier ZalaSi Seva
gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), romliTac igi gauqmda.
357
T a v i XXIV
saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
gansaxilvelad
muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani
1. Tu sarCelis (gancxadebis) miRebis Sem-

deg saqme mosamarTlis gansaxilvelia, saq-
mes amzadebs mosamarTle, xolo Tu am ko-
deqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saq-
me kolegiurma sasamarTlom unda ganixi-
los, maSin saqmes am sasamarTlos erT-er-
Ti wevri amzadebs, raTa daCqardes misi
ganxilva da SesaZlebeli gaxdes erT sasa-
marTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis damTavreba da
saqmis sworad gadawyveta.
2. mosamarTlis davalebiT saqme sasamar-
Tlo ganxilvisaTvis SeiZleba moamzados
mosamarTlis TanaSemwem.
1. saqmis momzadeba SeiZleba daiwyos sarCelis (gan-

cxadebis) warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg (183-e muxli) da-
uyovnebliv. saqmis momzadebis dawyebis Sesaxeb miTi-
Tebuli unda iyos ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi mi-
Rebis Sesaxeb.
_ saqmes yovelTvis amzadebs mosamarTle erTpi-
rovnulad, damoukideblad imisa, kolegiuri sasamar-
Tlo ganixilavs am saqmes, Tu mosamarTle erTpirov-
nulad.
_ samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZle-
ba or mTavar etapad davyoT. pirveli etapi _ saqmis
momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilve-
lad, romelsac sxvanairad SeiZleba ewodos mxareTa
werilobiTi Sejibreba. meore etapi _ saqmis ganxilva
mTavar sxdomaze, romelsac SeiZleba ewodos mxareTa
zepiri Sejibreba.
358
_ momzadebis etapi unda gaiaros uklebliv yvela

saqmem, damoukideblad imisa, rTulia Tu martivi es
saqme, xolo momzadebis mizniT unda Sesruldes yve-
la saproceso moqmedeba, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia
am TaviT.
_ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze im saproceso moq-
medebaTa Sesrulebis gadatana, romelic unda Sesru-
lebuliyo saqmis momzadebis etapze dauSvebelia, gar-
da kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa
da pirobebisa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mTavar sxdoma-
ze saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba xdeba iseTi saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis motiviT (magaliTad, damate-
biTi mtkicebulebebis wardgena, Segebebuli sarCelis
miReba, mesame pirebisa Tu Tanamonawileebis Cabma, ad-
gilze daTvaliereba da a. S.), romlebic SeiZleboda da
unda Sesrulebuliyo momzadebis etapze _ es imas niS-
navs, rom saqme ar iyo saTanadod momzadebuli.
momzadebis etapze sasamarTlom sabolood unda
daazustos da gansazRvros garemoebebi, romlebzec
mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels
(mtkicebis sagani), mtkicebulebebi, romelTa saSuale-
biT mxareebs surT am garemoebebis damtkiceba (dadas-
tureba), materialur-samarTlebirvi norma (kanoni),
romlis gamoyenebiTac unda moxdes dadasturebuli
garemoebebis iuridiuli Sefaseba (kvalifikacia) da
bolos, am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis winaswari (arasa-
boloo) proeqti.
yovelive es SeiZleba warmatebiT ganxorcieldes,
Tu sasamarTlo ganuxrelad ixelmZRvanelebs im nor-
mebis danawesiT, romlebic saqmis momzadebas awesri-
gebs.
2. `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
organuli kanonis 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax-
mad `mosamarTlis TanaSemwe ... amzadebs saqmeebs sasa-
marTlos sxdomaze gansaxilvelad, mosamarTlis da-
valebiT asrulebs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul
sxva movaleobebs~.
359
mosamarTlis TanaSemwes SeuZlia mniSvnelovani ro-

li Seasrulos saqmis momzadebaSi, yvela im saproceso
moqmedebaTa SesrulebaSi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben
am saqmis sworad da droulad gadawyvetas.
_ mosamarTlis TanaSemwes, Tu mas daevaleba saqmis
momzadeba, SeuZlia miiRos zomebi mxareTa morigebi-
saTvis, daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, miiRos ganCi-
nebebi, romelTa gamotana dasaSvebia am sxdomaze (208-
209-e muxlebi) da a. S.
_ TanaSemwis saqmianobas xelmZRvanelobs mosamar-
Tle.
muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebi

mopasuxisadmi
1. saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis mom-

zadebis mizniT mosamarTle:
a) gadaugzavnis mopasuxes sarCelisa (gan-
cxadebis) da am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebu-
li sabuTebis aslebs;
b) dauniSnavs mopasuxes vadas werilobiT
Seadginos Tavisi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) sar-
Celsa da masSi dasmul sakiTxebze, agreTve
Tavisi mosazrebebi sarCelze darTuli sa-
buTebis Sesaxeb da warudginos isini sasa-
marTlos.
2. mopasuxis werilobiT pasuxSi miTiTe-
buli unda iyos:
a) cnobs Tu ara mopasuxe sarCels;
b) Tu sarCels ara cnobs, ra konkretul
garemoebebs emyareba misi Sesagebeli sar-
Celis winaaRmdeg;
g) ra mtkicebulebebiT SeiZleba damt-
kicdes es garemoebebi;
d) ra saproceso saSualebebiT apirebs
mopasuxe sarCelisagan Tavis dacvas, ker-
Zod, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis
360
aRZvras, xom ar uaryofs sarCelis dasaS-

vebobas, xom ar eqneba acileba sasamarT-
los an mosamarTlis mimarT da a. S.;
e) vin SeiZleba Caebas procesSi Tanamo-
nawileebad an mesame pirebad;
v) romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli
sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
a) sasamarTlom sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisTanave

unda daiwyos misi momzadeba, risTvisac igi iRebs gan-
Cinebas sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis asle-
bis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb. mopasuxes un-
da gadaegzavnos yvela metnaklebad mniSvnelovani we-
rilobiTi masala, romelic Semovida sasamarTloSi
mogvianebiT, e.i mas Semdeg, rac miRebuli da gadagzav-
nili iqna aRniSnuli ganCineba.
b) mopasuxis mier werilobiTi pasuxis Sedgenisa da
misi sasamarTloSi wardgenis vadas niSnavs mosamarT-
le. am vadis gansazRvrisas mosamarTlem mxedveloba-
Si unda miiRos samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi gan-
xilvis saerTo vada (59-e muxli) da sarCelis Sinaarsi-
dan gamomdinare, dro, romelic saWiro iqneba masze pa-
suxis gasacemad (werilobiTi Sesageblis Sesadgenad).
2. am muxlis meore nawili Seicavs im sakiTxebis Ca-
monaTvals, romlebzec pasuxis gacema savaldebu-
loa mopasuxisaTvis. cxadia, mopasuxes SeuZlia ar Se-
moifarglos am sakiTxebiT da Tavisi iniciativiT das-
vas da pasuxi gasces iseT sakiTxebzec, romlebic ar
iyo sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmuli. Tavis mxriv, sa-
samarTloc araa SeboWili 201-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi mi-
TiTebuli sakiTxebiT da SeuZlia gaafarTovos im sa-
kiTxTa wre, romlebzec mizanSewonilia pasuxi gasces
mopasuxem.
_ im ukiduresad iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saq-
mis masalebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos es mizanSe-
wonilad miaCnia, mopasuxes SeiZleba mieces damatebi-
Ti, magram Semoklebuli vada mis mier arasrulyofi-
361
lad Sedgenili werilobiTi Sesageblis xarvezis Se-

savsebad, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom mas-
Si araa pasuxi sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmul yvela
kiTxvaze, an es pasuxebi bundovania ( 203-e muxlis pir-
veli nawili).
_ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis sasamarT-
los mier daniSnul vadaSi warudgenloba arTmevs mas
uflebas Seasrulos es moqmedeba dagvianebiT _ saq-
mis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg (206-e da 215-e mux-
lebi), ris Sesaxebac gafrTxilebas unda Seicavdes gan-
Cineba. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem ar warmoadgina Sesa-
gebeli, an warmoadgina magram ar gasca pasuxi kiTxva-
ze, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras, xom
ar eqneba acileba mosamarTlis mimarT, an kidev, rome-
li mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli sasamarTloSi da a.
S. maSin saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg sasamar-
Tlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos misi Suamdgomlobe-
bi am sakiTxebze (33-e, 188-e 215-e muxlebi).
muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTi

pasuxis gadagzavna mosarCelisaTvis
1. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxisa da mas-

ze darTuli sabuTebis aslebi unda gada-
egzavnos mosarCeles.
2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs warudginos
mosamarTles damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi,
agreTve werilobiT acnobos mas Tavisi mo-
sazrebebi mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis
Taobaze misi miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi.
1. sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebis

gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis saSualebas aZlevs mopasu-
xes icodes ras moiTxovs misgan mosarCele, ra konkre-
tul garemoebebs emyareba misi moTxovna da romeli
mtkicebulebebiT apirebs am garemoebebis dadasture-
362
bas. amrigad, mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZlebloba

sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis.
_ mxareTa Tanasworobis principidan gamomdinare,
mosarCelesac aqvs sruli ufleba icodes, Tu romeli
saproceso meqanizmebiT apirebs Tavdacvas mopasuxe.
swored am mosazrebiTaa nakarnaxevi am muxlis pirve-
li nawilis kategoriuli moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom
mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) da masze
darTuli sabuTebis aslebi gadaegzavnos mosarCeles.
_ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis warud-
genloba sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi arRvevs
mxareTa Tanasworobis princips, kerZod, araTanabar
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs mosarCeles: mopasuxem Seit-
yo yvelaferi da aqvs sruli SesaZlebloba kargad mo-
emzados TavdacvisaTvis, mosarCelem ki ar icis ras
apirebs an ra saSualebebis gamoyenebiT apirebs Tav-
dacvas mopasuxe.
_ swored mxareTa aseTi araTanasworobis damkvid-
rebis Tavidan acilebas emsaxureba danawesebi, romle-
bic ganmtkicebulia 206-e, 215-e da 219-e muxlebiT da
romelTa saerTo azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dagvia-
nebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi, an warmodgenili
faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos SeuZlia sa-
erTod ar gaiziaros da ar miiRos.
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs vadas, rom-
lis ganmavlobaSic mosarCeles SeuZlia, Tu amas is sa-
Wirod Tvlis, warudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi weri-
lobiTi formiT Sedgenili mosazrebebi mopasuxis we-
rilobiT Sesagebelze da im sabuTebze, romlebic er-
Tvis am Sesagebels. am vadaSi mas SeuZlia warudginos
sasamarTlos damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi. ise rogorc
mopasuxes, am SesaZleblobaTa gamouyenebloba mo-
sarCelesac arTmevs uflebas dagvianebiT, e. i. saq-
mis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, warudginos sa-
samarTlos axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi (206-e
muxli).
363
muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsac

asrulebs mosamarTle saqmis
momzadebis mizniT
1. sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxil-

visaTvis saqmis mosamzadeblad mosamarT-
les SeuZlia:
a) daavalos mxareebs Seavson, xolo saWi-
roebis SemTxvevaSi ganmarton maT mier war-
modgenili werilobiTi masalebi, winadade-
ba misces maT warmoadginon saqmisaTvis mniS-
vnelobis mqone nivTebi Tu dokumentebi;
b) gamoiTxovos mxareTa TxovniT mtkice-
bulebani sxvadasxva dawesebulebebidan Tu
moqalaqeebisagan, romelTa miRebac Tavad
mxareebma ver SeZles;
g) gadawyvitos sasamarTlo procesSi me-
same pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis daSve-
bis sakiTxi;
d) Seamowmos mtkicebulebebi, Tu es sa-
samarTloSi saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas
Zneli iqneba an gaaWianurebs saqmis gan-
xilvas;
e) Caataros adgilze daTvaliereba;
v) misces sasamarTlo davalebebi;
z) moaxdinos sarCelis uzrunvelyofa;
T) daniSnos eqspertiza, gadawyvitos
eqspertis mowvevis sakiTxi;
i) gadawyvitos specialistis mowvevis sa-
kiTxi;
k) daibaros mowmeebi, agreTve eqspertebi
da specialistebi sasamarTlo sxdomis dRi-
saTvis.
2. mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva moqmedebe-
bis Sesrulebac, romlebic xels Seuwyoben
sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilve-
lad saqmis momzadebas.
364
1. es muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa araa-

momwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesruleba, saqmis xa-
siaTisa da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili da
aucilebelia am saqmis saTanadod momzadebis mizniT.
_ 203-e muxlis adresatia mosamarTle. aq CamoTv-
lili saproceso moqmedebebi mosamarTlem unda Seas-
rulos. saqme isaa, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi
marTalia agebulia SejibrebiTobis principze, magram
igi Seicavs samZebro principis elementebsac, oRond
imis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ar Seilaxos romeli-
me mxaris interesebi. sasamarTlos iniciativa mxolod
kanonis farglebSia dasaSvebi (me-4 muxli).
a) mxareebis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi masale-
bi, magaliTad,
mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli, mosarCelis we-
rilobiTi mosazrebebi am Sesagebelze (202-e muxli),
nivTieri Tu werilobiTi sabuTebi, gancxadebebi, Su-
adgomlobebi da a. S. SeiZleba ar iyos srulyofilad
Sedgenili an, saerTod, ar iyos warmodgenili.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia winadadeba misces mxareebs
Seavson yvela naklovanebebi da xarvezebi, risTvisac
daniSnavs vadas.
b) mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxare-
ebi (103-e muxli). sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia TviTon, Ta-
visi iniciativiT, daiwyos mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba.
mas SeuZlia gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi fizikuri
Tu iuridiuli pirebidan mxolod mxareTa TxovniT,
romlebmac TviTon, uSualod es ver SeZles ama Tu im
mizezis gamo (134-e muxlis me-2 nawili 154-e muxlis me-
2 nawili);
g) saqmis droulad gadawyvetis mizniT sasurvelia,
rom damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebisa
da Tanamonawileebis daSvebis sakiTxi sasamarTlos wi-
naSe daisvas da momzadebis stadiaze gadawydes. am sa-
kiTxebis gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlom unda ixelm-
ZRvanelos 86-e da 89-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis ko-
mentari).
365
d) momzadebis stadiaze mosamarTles SeuZlia mi-

iRos garkveuli zomebi mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis
mizniT, kerZod daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, raTa
gamokiTxos mxareebi saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebuleba-
Ta Sesaxeb, daniSnos adgilze daTvaliereba, daniSnos
eqspertiza, daadginos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvely-
ofa da a.S.
e) adgilze daTvaliereba, roca igi momzadebis sta-
diaze xdeba da roca amis aucilebloba arsebobs (120-e
muxli), saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos Tavidan ai-
cilos saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba da
misi gadawyvetis gaWianureba. adgilze daTvaliereba
unda ganxorcieldes ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgeni-
li wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
v) garkveuli, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis
arsebobisas (ix. 107-e muxlis komentari) mtkicebule-
baTa Segroveba SeiZleba daevalos sxva raionis (qala-
qis) sasamarTlos, ris Sesaxebac mosamarTles gamoaqvs
ganCineba. sasamarTlo davalebebis micema yvelaze
ufro mizanSewonilia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze,
radgan mTavar sxdomaze aseTi davalebebis micema
ueWvelad gamoiwvevs am sxdomis gadadebas da saboloo
angariSSi saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas.
z) ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva Suamdgomlobebi, sar-
Celis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobac (ganc-
xadeba) unda aRiZras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis mom-
zadebis stadiaze. dagvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis
damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli) sarCelis uzrunvel-
yofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba dasaSvebia, Tu igi ar iyo
aRZruli Tavis droze sapatio mizeziT (215-e muxli).
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes ssk 191-199-e
muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komenta-
ri).
T) eqspertizis daniSvna saqmis mTavar sxdomaze gan-
xilvis dros yovelTvis iwvevs am saqmis ganxilvis sxva
droisaTvis gadadebas da saboloo angariSSi saqmis gan-
xilvis gaWianurebas. amitom, Tu saqmis masalebidan ga-
366
momdinare, saWiroa eqspertizis Catareba, igi unda da-

iniSnos momzadebis stadiaze.
_ eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxare-
Ta SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac,
oRond ssk 162-176-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
i) specialisti araa eqsperti da igi ar wers daskv-
nas. misi mosazrebebi, romlebic SeiZleba aisaxos oqm-
Si, ar warmoadgens damoukidebel mtkicebulebas. mas
iwvevs sasamarTlo mxolod daxmarebis aRmosaCenad
(204-e muxli).
k) mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis dabare-
ba SeiZleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac mosamarTle
saqmes momzadebulad cnobs da daniSnavs mTavar sxdo-
mas (207-e muxli). maTi dabareba SeiZleba moxdes kano-
niT dadgenili wesiT (140-e, 168-e da 204-e muxlebi).
mowmis dakiTxva momzadebis stadiaze dasaSvebia
mxolod ssk147-e, 107-e da 109-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswi-
nebul SemTxvevebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
2. saqmis xasiaTidan da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Se-
uZlebelia yvela im saproceso moqmedebis CamoTvla,
romelTa Sesruleba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes am saqmis
momzadebisaTvis. amitom, am muxlis CamonaTvali araa
amomwuravi da sasamarTlos sruli ufleba aqvs Seas-
rulos sxva saproceso moqmedebac, Tu es misi azriT,
saWiro da aucilebelia.
muxli 204. specialistis mowveva
1. ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesru-

lebisas (adgilze daTvaliereba, mowmeTa
dakiTxva, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa,
gegmebisa da gaangariSebebis Sedgena da a.
S.) sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specia-
listi.
2. specialistad mowveuli piri valde-
bulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, gauwios
mas konsultacia, aRmouCinos teqnikuri dax-
mareba.
367
3. specialistis zepiri konsultacia Se-

itaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, xolo
misi werilobiTi pasuxebi daerTvis saqmes.
specialisti Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobiTa da

procesSi monawileobis miznebiT gansxvavdeba eqsper-
tisagan (162-e muxli). eqsperti damoukideblad ata-
rebs eqspertizas (gamokvlevas), wers daskvnas sasamar-
TlosaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, romelTa ganmar-
teba specialur codnas moiTxovs da es daskvna warmo-
adgens mtkicebis damoukidebel saSualebas (mtkice-
bulebas), romelsac sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwme-
niT afasebs.
specialisti ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar adgens das-
kvnas da ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebis wyaros. misi
mizania daxmareba aRmouCinos mosamarTles ama Tu im
saproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi.
1. 204-e muxlis pirveli nawili ar Seicavs im sapro-
ceso moqmedebaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa
Sesrulebisas SeiZleba specialistis mowveva. igi Se-
iZleba mowveul iqnes sxva saproceso moqmedebaTa Ses-
rulebis drosac, rogoricaa magaliTad eqsperimentis
Catareba, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva, nimuSebis
aReba SedarebiTi gamokvlevebisaTvis da sxva.
2. specialisti valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarT-
loSi da monawileoba miiRos saproceso moqmedebaTa
SesrulebaSi, gamoiyenos Tavisi specialuri codna
mtkicebulebaTa gamovlenasa da damagrebaSi, Seadgi-
nos, Tu es saWiroa, naxazebi da gegmebi, moaxdinos fo-
togadaRebebi da a. S. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa
arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva, specialistad SeiZ-
leba mowveuli iqnes pedagogi, romelsac SeuZlia Ta-
visi rCevebiT daexmaros sasamarTlos aseTi mowmisa-
gan gulwrfeli Cvenebis miRebaSi (152-e muxli).
3. specialistis zepiri konsultaciebi Seitaneba
oqmSi, xolo mis mier Sedgenili naxazebi, gaangariSe-
bebi, fotoebi da sxva daerTvis saqmes da warmoadgens
368
oqmis ganuyofel nawils, romelTa mniSvneloba mTli-

anad amoiwureba oqmis mniSvnelobiT (287-e muxli).
specialists ufleba aqvs gaecnos im saproceso moq-
medebis oqms, romelSic igi monawileobda, warmoadgi-
nos Tavisi SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT, miuTiTos mis us-
worobaze Tu usrulobaze.
muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomis

daniSvna
1. Tu warmodgenili werilobiTi masale-

bi mosamarTles aZlevs varaudis safuZ-
vels, rom mxareebma SeiZleba saqme mori-
gebiT daamTavron, mopasuxem cnos sarCeli,
an mosarCelem uari Tqvas sarCelze, ag-
reTve, Tu, mosamarTlis azriT, sasamarT-
lo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis saTanadod mom-
zadebis interesebi amas moiTxovs, mxareTa
werilobiTi masalebis miRebis Semdeg mas
SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma.
2. mxareTa SeTanxmebiT mosamzadebeli
sxdoma SeiZleba gadaizardos mTavar sx-
domaSi
1. mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis

stadiis savaldebulo da aucilebeli elementi, mag-
ram saqmis damTavreba mxareTa morigebis, mosarCelis
mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis an mopasuxis mier sarCelis
cnobis safuZvelze dasaSvebia mxolod mosamzadebel
sxdomaze, Tu yovelive es momzadebis stadiaze mox-
da (208-e muxli).
mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba dainiSnos kidev
erTi mizniT _ Tu amas `saqmis saTanadod momzadebis
interesebi moiTxoven~.
_ magram ra mizniTac ar unda dainiSnos, mosamzade-
bel sxdomaze sabolood unda iqnes ganxiluli saqmis
momzadebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi, rogori-
369
caa mxareebis mier damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis war-

modgena, sasamarTlos mier mxareTa TxovniT am mtki-
cebulebebis gamoTxova, mesame pirebisa da Tanamona-
wileebis procesSi Cabma, adgilze daTvalierebis Ca-
tareba, eqspertizis daniSvna, specialistis mowveva
da a. S.
_ kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs da ar gulisxmobs mo-
samzadebeli sxdomis gadadebas, ganmeorebiT daniS-
vnas Tu mravaljer Catarebis SesaZleblobas. Tu mo-
samzadebel sxdomaze mxareebs ganesazRvraT raime
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba, es moqmedeba unda
Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. uki-
dures SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba me-
ored dainiSnos, Tu es aucilebelia, magaliTad, Tu
mxareebs miecaT maTive SuamdgomlobiT dro morige-
bisaTvis.
_ mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadeba im motiviT, rom
erT-erTi an orive mxare ar gamocxadda, dauSvebelia.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma im Sem-
TxvevaSic ki, roca saqme faqtiurad ar aris momzade-
buli mxareTa pasiurobis gamo (ix. 207-e muxlis komen-
tari).
2. mosamzadebeli sxdomis „gadazrda“ mTavar sxdo-
maSi SeiZleba dasaSvebi da gamarTlebuli iyos, Tu am
sxdomaze gamocxadda orive mxare da isini Suamdgom-
loben sasamarTlos winaSe, rom man ganixilos da gada-
wyvitos es saqme saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis mixedviT
muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba

mxareebi movaleni arian saqmis momzade-
bis mizniT Seasrulon mosamarTlis miTi-
Tebebi. arasapatio mizeziT werilobiTi
masalebis warudgenloba an sxva moqmedeb-
is Seusrulebloba arTmevs mxares ufle-
370
bas, Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba am saqmis

arsebiTad ganxilvis dros.
_ samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba Seicavs

saqmis ganxilivis gaWianurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis me-
tad efeqtur saSualebebs (meqanizmebs). sasamarTlo-
ebma gonivrulad, mtkiced da ganuxrelad unda gamoi-
yenos es meqanizmebi.
_ erT-erTi aseTi saSualebaa am muxliT gaTvalis-
winebuli sanqcia, romlis mixedviT Tu mxare saqmis
momzadebis stadiaze ar Seasrulebs Sesabamis sapro-
ceso moqmedebebs, ar aRZravs sasamarTlos winaSe Se-
sabamis Suamdgomlobebs da a. S. maSin is kargavs ufle-
bas Seasrulos aseTi moqmedebebi saqmis momzadebis
damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli), Tu maTi droulad
Seusrulebloba ar iyo gamowveuli sapatio mizeziT,
romelic sarwmunod unda iyos dadasturebuli Sesa-
bamisi mxaris mier (215-e muxli).
_ mxaris gafrTxilebas am muxliT gaTvaliswinebu-
li sanqciis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes sasa-
marTlos ganCineba ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Ses-
rulebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 207. ganCineba saqmis

sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
ganxilvis Sesaxeb
mosamarTles, mas Semdeg, rac cnobs saq-

mes sakmaod momzadebulad, gamoaqvs ganCi-
neba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze misi ar-
sebiTad ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. sasa-
marTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis
dRes sasamarTlo niSnavs im varaudiT, rom
mxareebs SesaZlebloba hqondeT moemzadon
zepiri SejibrebisaTvis.
371
_ saqmis momzadeba ar SeiZleba dausruleblad gag-

rZeldes, igi unda damTavrdes gonivrul vadaSi, e. i.
iseT vadaSi, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes am saqmis ganxil-
va da gadawyveta kanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi (59-e
muxlis me-3 nawili). mTavari sxdoma SeiZleba dainiS-
nos Tu saqme momzadebulia.
_ magram rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo iseT SemT-
xvevaSi, rodesac mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare (xSirad
mopasuxe) ar aqtiurobs, ufro metic, Segnebulad cdi-
lobs saqmis momzadebis, saboloo angariSSi ki, saqmis
ganxilvis gaWianurebas, ris gamoc saqme faqtiurad mo-
umzadebelia, xolo saqmis ganxilvis vadebi iwureba?
SeiZleba Tu ara aseT pirobebSi mTavari sxdomis
daniSvna?
_ samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT,
`saqmis sakmaod momzadebuloba~ ar niSnavs aucileb-
lad am saqmis realurad momzadebas. igi SeiZleba ar
iyos momzadebuli imis gamo, rom mxareebi ar iCenen sak-
mao interess am saqmisadmi, ar asruleben saWiro sap-
roceso moqmedebas, magram saqme mainc momzadebu-
lad unda CaiTvalos, Tu sasamarTlom TviTon Seas-
rula yvela is saproceso moqmedeba, rac mas samsa-
xurebrivad evaleboda da droulad gaafrTxila mxa-
reebi saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis aucileblo-
baze da maTi Seusruleblobis Sedegebze.
_ aseT pirobebSi sasamarTlos ara marto ar SeuZ-
lia, aramed uflebac ar aqvs daelodos Tu rodis ine-
bebs mxare Seasrulos esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba.
amitom mas gamoaqvs ganCineba saqmis momzadebis das-
rulebisa da am saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis da-
niSvnis Sesaxeb.
_ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT mTavrdeba momzadebis
etapi (werilobiTi Sejibreba) da iwyeba axali etapi _
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze zepiri ganxilvis (zepiri Se-
jibrebis) etapi (210-e muxli).
372
muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
1. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosarCele

uars ityvis sarCelze, an mxareebi morig-
debian, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. morigebis
SemTxvevaSi amave ganCinebiT sasamarTlo
daamtkicebs morigebis pirobebs. igive wesi
gavrceldeba sasamarTlo ganxilvis nebis-
mier stadiaze.
2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta aRniSnuli
safuZvlebiT iwvevs Sedegebs, rac gaTva-
liswinebulia 273-e muxliT.
3. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe
cnobs sarCels, mosamarTle gamoitans ga-
dawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Se-
saxeb.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs mosarCe-

lis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmas da mxareTa morigebas
mosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram sarCelze uaris Tqma
an mxareTa morigeba SeiZleba moxdes jer kidev mosam-
zadebeli sxdomis daniSvnamde, ris Sesaxebac mxare-
ebma werilobiT acnobes mosamarTles. aseT SemTxve-
vaSi mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli
sxdoma, daibaros mxareebi da gamoitanos ganCineba saq-
mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. mxareTa gamoucxadeb-
loba ver daabrkolebs ganCinebis miRebas. mTavari
sxdomis daniSvna saWiro araa.
mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobis gziT mx-
areTa Soris dadebuli garigeba, romelic axleburad
gansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs. morige-
bis pirobebi ganisazRvreba TviT mxareebis mier. cxa-
dia, rom saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT es
pirobebi gansxvavebuli iqneba. morigebis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic detalurad da
373
amomwuravad gansazRvravs morigebis pirobebs, e.i.

imas, Tu romelma mxarem ra moqmedeba unda Seasrulos
meore mxaris sasargeblod.
2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi igive sar-
CeliT sasamarTloSi mimarTva dauSvebelia (273-e mux-
lis me-2 nawili).
3. saqmis momzadebis etapze (mosamzadebel sxdoma-
ze an manamde) mopasuxem SeiZleba cnos sarCeli. aseT
SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosamarTles ga-
moaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis
Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis daniSvna aseT
SemTxvevaSiac saWiro araa.
_ Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, mxareTa morigeba an sar-
Celis cnoba moxda momzadebis etapis damTavrebis Sem-
deg, e. i. mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCi-
neba mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli),
maSin Sesabamisi ganCinebebi da gadawyvetileba sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos mTavar sxdomaze.
muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta

da sarCelis (gancxadebis)
ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmis
momzadebis dros
272-e da 275-e muxlebis Sesabamisi qve-
punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis
arsebobisas sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
saqmis gansaxilvelad momzadebis dros saqmis
warmoeba mosamarTlem SeiZleba Sewyvitos
an sarCeli (gancxadeba) ganuxilvelad da-
tovos, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs motivi-
rebuli ganCineba.
_ 272-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis ar-

sebobisas mosamarTlem ar unda miiRos sarCeli (186-e
muxli), magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli warmoeba-
Si, rac saqmis momzadebis stadiaze gamovlinda, mas Se-
374
uZlia miiRos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Se-

saxeb (ix. 272-e muxlis komentari). saqmis warmoebis Sew-
yvetis mizniT mosamarTles, Tu igi amas mizanSewoni-
lad CaTvlis, SeuZlia moiwvios mosamzadebeli sxdo-
ma, magram mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs
sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
_ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb Se-
iZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (274-e muxli).
_ ssk 275-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis
arsebobisas, garda am muxlis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebisa, mosamarTlem ar un-
da miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCe-
li warmoebaSi, rac gamovlinda saqmis momzadebis sta-
diaze, mas SeuZlia ganuxilvelad datovos sarCeli.
mosamzadebeli sxdomis mowveva am SemTxvevaSic araa
aucilebeli, magram Tu mosamarTles mizanSewonilad
miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios igi. mxareTa gamoucxadeb-
loba sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver daabrkolebs.
_ mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis sta-
diis savaldebulo elementi. aqedan gamomdinare, arc
am sxdomaze mxareTa gamocxadeba SeiZleba CavTva-
loT savaldebulod da davukavSiroT mas is Sede-
gebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ga-
moucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba, kerZod, ar SeiZleba
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana, sarCelis ga-
nuxilvelad datoveba, roca ar cxaddeba mosamzade-
bel sxdomaze mosarCele da sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datoveba, roca orive mxare ar cxaddeba. amitom, mo-
samzadebel stadiaze an mosamzadebel sxdomaze sar-
Celis ganuxilvelad datoveba ssk 275-e muxlis `g~ da
`d~ qvepunqtebis safuZvelze, romelic sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomas gulisxmobs, dauSvebelia, garda ise-
Ti SemTxvevebisa, roca Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebo-
bisas mosamzadebeli sxdoma „gadaizarda“ mTavar sx-
domaSi (ix. 205-e muxlis komentari).
375
T a v i XXV
sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma
muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavari

sxdomis dawyeba
1. saqmis ganxilvisaTvis daniSnul dros sa-

samarTlo Semodis sxdomis darbazSi. mosa-
marTle, xolo Tu saqmes arCevs kolegiuri
sasamarTlo, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare,
xsnis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomas da acxa-
debs, Tu romeli saqme iqneba ganxiluli.
2. sasamarTlos sxdomis mdivani moaxse-
nebs sasamarTlos, Tu gansaxilvel saqmeze
mowveul pirTagan vin gamocxadda, Cabar-
daT Tu ara gamoucxadebel pirebs uwyebe-
bi 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT da
ra cnobebi arsebobs maTi gamoucxadeblo-
bis mizezebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo adgens
gamocxadebulTa vinaobas, amowmebs warmo-
madgenelTa uflebamosilebas, agreTve
afrTxilebs procesis monawileebs da sx-
domaze damswre pirebs wesrigis dacvis
mizniT mosamarTlis miTiTebis savaldebu-
lobisa da sasamarTlos sxdomaze wesrigis
damrRvevis mimarT SesaZlo RonisZiebebis
Taobaze. amis Semdeg mowmeebi toveben
sxdomis darbazs.
samoqalaqo saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis mniSv-

neloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi aris samoqalaqo saq-
mis gadawyvetis aucilebeli da savaldebuli piroba.
saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miReba ar SeiZleba am saqmis
mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis, mxareTa zepiri Sejibrebis
gareSe, garda erTaderTi gamonaklisisa, rodesac mo-
samzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe cnobs sarCels (208-e
376
muxli). sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis aseTi mniSvnelo-

bidan gamomdinare, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sak-
maod detalurad gansazRvravs misi Catarebis wesebs.
_ saqmis ganxilva mTavar sxdomaze Tanmimdevru-
lad mimdinare ramdenime etapisagan Sedgeba. pir-
veli etapia_ sxdomis gaxsna.
1. Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom sasamarT-
lom zustad daicvas mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesa-
xeb mxareTa da sxva pirTa gamoZaxebis uwyebaSi miTi-
Tebuli dro (dRe, saaTi). sxdoma unda daiwyos im dRes
da im saaTze, rac uwyebaSi iyo miTiTebuli, xolo Tu
es ver xerxdeba, maSin mosamarTle an misi TanaSemwe
zustad am droisaTvis acnobebs mxareebs da sxva pi-
rebs Tu ra mizeziT ar iwyeba procesi daniSnul dros
da ramdeni SeiZleba daagviandes sxdomis gaxsnas.
2. jer kidev sxdomis dawyebis win (sanam sasamarT-
lo (mosamarTle) Semova sxdomis darbazSi), sxdomis
mdivanma unda Seamowmos gamosaZaxebel pirTagan vin
gamocxadda da arkvevs gamoucxadeblobis mizezebs,
kerZod, CabardaT Tu ara maT uwyeba da aris Tu ara
saqmeSi cnoba amis Sesaxeb, xom ar aris warmodgenili
raime cnoba (magaliTad, avadmyofobis Sesaxeb) gamo-
ucxadeblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da a. S.
_ gamocxadebulTa vinaobas adgens uSualod mosa-
marTle. mxareTa da sxva pirTa (mowmis, eqspertis, Tar-
jimnis) vinaobis dadgenis mizniT, Tu es aucilebelia,
mosamarTles SeuZlia moiTxovos piradobis damadas-
turebeli sabuTi. Tu saqmeSi monawileobs warmomad-
geneli, misi uflebamosilebisa da am uflebamosile-
baTa farglebis dadgenis mizniT mosamarTle unda ga-
ecnos mindobilobas, Seamowmos misi gacemis wesi.
_ sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis uzrunvelyofi-
saTvis didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba eniWeba proce-
sis monawileebisa da sxdomaze damswre pirebis
gafrTxilebas. amisaTvis mosamarTlem unda gaacnos
maT kanonis danawesi, kerZod 211-e da 212-e muxlebis
Sinaarsi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
377
muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniT

mosamarTlis miTiTebaTa
savaldebulooba
mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, spe-

cialistebi, Tarjimnebi agreTve sasamarT-
los sxdomis darbazSi myofi yvela moqa-
laqe valdebulia daicvas dadgenili wesi
da usityvod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gan-
kargulebas.
_ sasamarTlo sxdomas (sasamarTlo process) xelm-

ZRvanelobs mosamarTle (kolegiuri sasamarTlos Tav-
mjdomare). TavisTavad cxadia, rom wesrigi marTlmsa-
julebis ganxorcielebis am damagvirgvinebel etapze
unda iyos sanimuSo, miT umetes, rom sxdomis mimdina-
reobas da gansaxilveli sakiTxebis Tanmimdevrobas
gansazRvravs kodeqsi.
sasamarTlom sagangebod unda gaafrTxilos mxare-
ebi, saqmeSi monawile pirebi da, saerTod, yvela, vinc
eswreba sxdomas, rom isini valdebulni arian usit-
yvod da SekamaTebis gareSe daemorCilon mosamar-
Tlis gankargulebas.
_ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad
sasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaReba, audio
da videoCanaweris gakeTeba daSvebulia. magram Tu yo-
velive es xels uSlis sxdomis muSaobas, procesis nor-
malur warmarTvas, sasamarTlos, mxareTa TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT SeuZlia akrZalos es Tavisi moti-
virebuli ganCinebiT.
_ valdebuleba daicvas dadgenili wesi da usity-
vod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gankargulebas, exeba
sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi myof yvela pirs _ ga-
monaklisis gareSe.
378
muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigis

darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba
1. sasamarTloSi wesrigis dacvas uzrun-

velyofs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, xolo
saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uze-
naesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadg-
ile. sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi wes-
rigis dacvas uzrunvelyofs sxdomis Tavmj-
domare (mosamarTle), romelic uflebamo-
silia sxdomis darbazSi damswre pirTa
adgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT SezRudos sx-
domaze damswreTa raodenoba.
2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs mxareebs, rom
Tu isini TviTneburad miatoveben sxdomas,
maT mimarT gamotanili iqneba dauswrebe-
li gadawyvetileba.
3. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis darRve-
vis, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis)
gankargulebisadmi daumorCileblobis an
sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobis SemTx-
vevaSi sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles)
adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvs gankarguleba
procesis monawilis an/da sxdomaze dam-
swris dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darba-
zidan gaZevebis Sesaxeb. Tu gaZevebuli piri
kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis darRvevas, sasa-
marTlos mandaturi uzrunvelyofs mis gay-
vanas sasamarTlodan, amasTanave, mis mimarT
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes am muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli jarima an patimroba.
4. Tu sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarT-
lis) gankarguleba gaZevebis Sesaxeb exeba
warmomadgenels, saqmis mosmena gadaideba,
garda im SemTxvevisa, roca saqmes Tavidanve
awarmoebda ramdenime warmomadgeneli. ad-
vokatis arasaTanado qcevis Sesaxeb sasa-
379
marTlos gamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba,

romelic egzavneba advokatTa gaerTianebas.
5. piri sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebulad
iTvleba imave instanciis sasamarTloSi am
saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvis dasrulebamde. mxaris motivirebuli
Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlo
sxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) ufle-
bamosilia gaZevebul pirs misces sxdomaze
dabrunebis SesaZlebloba.
6. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis damr-
Rvev pirs, maT Soris, gaZevebul pirs, sx-
domis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankar-
gulebiT SeiZleba daekisros jarima 50-
dan 500 laramde odenobiT, razedac ga-
icema saaRsrulebo furceli. Tu daja-
rimebuli piri kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis
darRvevas, sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamar-
Tles) SeuZlia dauyovnebliv gazardos
jarimis odenoba am nawiliT gansazRvrul
farglebSi.
7. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze piris qmedeba
mimarTulia procesis CaSlisaken an igi gamox-
atavs aSkara an/da uxeS upativcemulobas
sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis), procesis monaw-
ilis an mxaris mimarT, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris
(mosamarTlis) miTiTebiT sasamarTlos man-
daturi uzrunvelyofs piris dakavebas da
dakavebis oqmis Sedgenas, amasTanave, sxdo-
mis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) adgens mima-
rTvas, romelSic aRwers darRvevas da ug-
zavnis gankargulebis gamocemaze uflebam-
osil sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). dakave-
buli piri dauyonebliv, magram araugvianes
24 saaTisa, unda waredginos im sasamarT-
los (mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavna
mimarTva da romelic uflebamosilia gam-
380
oitanos gankarguleba am piris 30 dRe-

Ramemde vadiT patimrobis Sesaxeb. raion-
ul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac ori da
orze meti mosamarTlea, gankarguleba ga-
moaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo
Tu darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmj-
domaris monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze,
gankarguleba gamoaqvs mis mier gansazRvrul
sxva mosamarTles. raionul (saqalaqo) sasa-
marTloSi, sadac erTi mosamarTlea, gan-
karguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. Tu
am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli darRveva moxda
saqmis magistrati mosamarTlis mier ganx-
ilvisas, gankarguleba gamoaqvs im raionul
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, rom-
lis SemadgenlobaSicaa es magistrati mo-
samarTle. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gankar-
guleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomar-
es, xolo Tu darRveva moxda misi monawile-
obiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba
gamoaqvs saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmj-
domaris moadgiles an mis mier gansazRvrul
sxva mosamarTles. saqarTvelos uzenaes sasa-
marTloSi, garda didi palatisa, gankar-
guleba gamoaqvs erT-erTi palatis Tavmj-
domares. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-
los did palataSi saqmis ganxilvisas gan-
karguleba gamoaqvs im mosamarTles, romel-
ic ar monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. dakave-
buli piri, Tu amis aucilebloba arsebobs,
SeiZleba gadaeces policias. Tu dapatimre-
bis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamotanil iqna
procesis monawilis mimarT. sasamarTlo sx-
doma SeiZleba gadaidos aRniSnuli vadiT.
gankarguleba miiReba zepiri mosmenis safuZ-
381
velze, dakavebuli piris wardgenidan dauy-

onebliv, magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa.
8. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevis, sasa-
marTlos mimarT upativcemulobis an sasa-
marTlos normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis
xelis SeSlis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos man-
daturi uflebamosilia daakavos wesrigis
damrRvevi piri, ris Sesaxebac adgens dakave-
bis oqms. sasamarTlos mandaturi valdebu-
lia dakavebuli piri dauyovnebliv, magram
ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, warudginos imave
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo saqarTve-
los uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasa-
marTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles. sasamarT-
los Tavmjdomare, xolo saqarTvelos uze-
naes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomaris moadgile dakavebuli piris
wardgenidan dauyovnebliv, magram ara ugvi-
anes 24 saaTisa, uflebamosilia damrRvevi
piris mimarT gamoiyenos am muxliT gaTval-
iswinebuli uflebamosilebani.
9. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli daja-
rimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan gaZeveb-
is Sesaxeb gankarguleba miiReba zepiri
mosmenis gareSe da ar saCivrdeba.
10. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli patim-
robis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarT-
lo dakavebul pirs acnobebs saqmis ganx-
ilvis drosa da adgils. mxaris gamoucxa-
debloba ar iwvevs sxdomis gadadebas. saq-
mis ganxilva iwyeba sasamarTlos Tavmjdomar-
is (mosamarTlis) moxsenebiT, romelic acx-
adebs, vis mimarT SeiZleba iqnes gamoyeneb-
uli patimroba, saqmis ganxilvis monawile
pirebs ganumartavs maT uflebebsa da mov-
aleobebs, sajarod kiTxulobs wesrigis dar-
Rvevis Taobaze Sedgenil mimarTvas da us-
382
mens saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile pirebs.

zepiri mosmenisas damrRvev pirs/mis damcv-
els saSualeba eZleva, sasamarTlos warudg-
inos sakuTari mosazrebebi da misces gan-
martebebi dakavebis kanonierebisa da pa-
suxismgeblobis zomis Taobaze. mxareTa
mosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares
(mosamarTles) adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvs
gankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.
gankargulebis gamomtani sasamarTlo (mo-
samarTle) gankargulebis asls dauyovnebliv
gadascems damrRvev pirs, aseve gankargulebis
asls aRsasruleblad ugzavnis saqarTve-
los Sinagan saqmeTa organoebs. dakavebis
vada CaiTvleba patimrobis saerTo vadaSi.
11. patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gankar-
guleba dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi da igi
SeiZleba gaasaCivros pirma, romlis mimarT-
ac gamoyenebul iqna patimroba, saTanado
wesiT misTvis gankargulebis aslis Cabare-
bidan 48 saaTis vadaSi. Semosul saCivars
sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabam-
is sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). pirveli in-
stanciis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris an mo-
samarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad sa-
Civrdeba saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmj-
domaresTan. saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmj-
domaris, Tavmjdomaris moadgilis an mosa-
marTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrde-
ba saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos admin-
istraciuli da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa pa-
latis TavmjdomaresTan. saqarTvelos uzen-
aesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgilis
an palatis, garda didi palatisa, Tavmj-
domaris gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrde-
ba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmj-
domaresTan. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-
383
los did palataSi wesrigis darRvevis Sesaxeb

mosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad sa-
Civrdeba im mosamarTlesTan, romelic ar
monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. saCivari
ganixileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe da misi
ganxilvis vada saCivris Setanidan 24 saaTs
ar unda aRematebodes.
SeniSvna:
jarimis nebayoflobiTi aRsrulebisaTvis
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili
vadis gasvlis Semdeg, am muxlis safuZ-
velze dajarimebul pirs jarimasTan er-
Tad daericxeba sauravi:
a) 150 laris odenobiT - 50-dan 250
laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi;
b) 300 laris odenobiT - 250-dan 500
laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi„.
ssk 212-e muxli ganekuTvneba im muxlebis katego-

rias, romlebSic yvelaze xSirad Sedis cvlilebebi da
damatebebi. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom 2006 wlis ivlisSi da
dakemberSi orjer Sevida am muxlSi aseTi cvlileba.
kanonmdeblis mxriv am muxlisadmi aseTi didi in-
teresi SeiZleba ori garemoebiT aixsnas: an es norma,
miuxedavad masSi Setanili mravalricxovani cvlileb-
isa, mainc ar aris srulyofili da amitom ver iZleva
sasurvel efeqts, an sasamarTloebi jerovnad ver iy-
eneben mas.
rogorc Cans, aucilebelia gairkves am normis
araefeqtianobis namdvili mizezebi, risTvisac saWiro
iqneba ganzogaddes rogorc misi, ise masTan dakavSire-
buli sxva muxlebis sasamarTloebis mier gamoyenebis
praqtika.
amitom, komentaris avtorebma miiRes gadawyvetile-
ba gaanalizon am TvalsazrisiT sasamarTlo praqtika
da miRebuli Sedegebi, Sesabamisi rekomendaciebiTa da
winadadebebiT gamoaqveynon calke naSromis saxiT,
384
rogorc es Tavis droze gakeTda iuridiuli faqtebis

udavo warmoebis wesiT dadgenis praqtikis mimarT29.
amjerad ki, 212-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT mizanSe-
wonilad migvaCnia sasamarTloebis yuradReba mivaq-
cioT Semdeg garemoebaze:
1. 212-e muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisagan
mijnavs sasamarTloSi wesrigs da sxdomis darbazSi
wesrigs. aqve miTiTebulia, Tu romel mosamarTles
(Tavmjdomares, moadgiles) evaleba wesrigis uzrun-
velyofa sasamarTloSi anu sasamarTlos SenobaSi saer-
Tod da romels sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi.
2. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamot-
anil iqnes mxolod iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare
TviTneburad, e.i. sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) nebar-
Tvis gareSe miatovebs sxdomas (me-2 nawili) magram ara
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare gaZevebuli iqna sxdo-
mis darbazidan wesrigis darRvevis gamo. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetile-
ba saqmis masalebis mixedviT.
3. gankarguleba procesis monawilis an sxdomaze
damswre piris dajarimebis an sxdomidan gaZevebis
Sesaxeb gamoaqvs sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles).
(me-3 nawili).
4. Tu sxdomidan gaaZeves mxaris warmomadgeneli (ad-
vokati), sxdoma unda gadaidos, Tu Sesabamisi mxaris
interesebs erTdroulad ramdenime warmomadgeneli
ar awarmoebda. (me-4 nawili).
5. am muxlis me-7 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ-
vlebis arsebobisas, piri SeiZleba dapatimrebuli
iqnes 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT.
dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamoaqvs ara im
sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles),
romelmac Seadgina mimarTva, aramed im sasamarTlos
(mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavna mimarTva. gankar-
29
T.liluaSvili, v. xrustali, saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli
faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba „sani“, Tb. 2003.
385
guleba dapatimrebis Sesaxeb SeuZlia gamoitanos amave

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem,
xolo, im raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac erTi
mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi sasa-
marTlos Tavmjdomares (me-7 nawili).
6. am muxlis me-8 nawili gulisxmobs wesrigis dar-
Rvevas ara sasamarTlo sxdomaze (me-7 nawili), aramed
sasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom sxdomis gareTac -
sasamarTlos SenobaSi, pirma SeiZleba Caidinos iseTi
moqmedeba, romelic gamoxatavs sasamarTlos mimarT
upativcemulobas an xels uSlis sasamarTlos nor-
malur funqcionirebas. aseTi piris mimarTac SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnes patimroba 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT.
7. patimrobis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas daculi
unda iqnes am muxlis me-10 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli
wesebi.
8. gankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb
dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi, magram igi SeiZleba gasa-
Civrdes im wesiT, rac dadgenilia 212-e muxlis me-11
nawiliT.
muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi

movaleobis ganmarteba
1. sasamarTlo ganumartavs Tarjimans mis

movaleobas, Targmnos im pirTa ganmarte-
bebi, Cvenebebi, gancxadebebi, romlebic ar
floben samarTalwarmoebis enas, xolo am
pirebs uTargmnos ganmartebaTa, CvenebaTa,
gancxadebaTa, sasamarTloSi gamoqveynebul
dokumentTa Sinaarsi, agreTve sasamarT-
los gankargulebebi, ganCinebebi da ga-
dawyvetilebebi.
2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs Tarjimans, rom
Segnebulad araswori TargmanisaTvis igi
pasuxs agebs sisxlis samarTlis wesiT.
3. Tu Tarjimani ar gamocxaddeba sasa-
386
marTloSi arasapatio mizeziT, an Tavs aa-

ridebs movaleobis Sesrulebas, igi SeiZ-
leba dajarimdes 50 lariT.
1. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo ena-

ze, xolo Tu mxarem ar icis saxelmwifo ena, mas mieCi-
neba Tarjimani (me-9 muxli). Tarjimani monawileobs saq-
mis ganxilvaSi sasamarTlo sxdomis sawyisi etapidan,
radgan mxarem unda icodes yvelaferi, rac xdeba sxdo-
maze misi dawyebidan damTavrebamde.
_ mosamarTle ver Secvlis Tarjimans, e. i. man ki-
dec rom icodes is ena, romelic icis mxarem, Tarjima-
ni mainc unda iqnes mowveuli.
_ piris Tarjimnad mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ga-
moaqvs ganCineba mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswine-
biT.
2. mosamarTle yovelTvis valdebulia gaafrTxi-
los Tarjimani, rom Segnebulad araswori TargmnisaT-
vis igi pasuxs agebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 370-e muxlis mixedviT.
3. Tarjimnis sasamarTloSi gamoucxadeblobisaTvis
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba araa gaTvaliswi-
nebuli, magram masze SeiZleba sazogadoebrivi zemoq-
medebis RonisZiebis gatareba da dajarimeba 50 lariT.
_ TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobis gan-
sazRvra xdeba 45-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis
komentari). am Tanxis anazRaureba ki xdeba saxelmwi-
fo biujetis xarjze (`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~
kanonis me-10 muxli).

Semadgenlobis gamocxadeba da
acilebis uflebis ganmarteba
Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) acxadebs sa-

samarTlo Semadgenlobas, agreTve imas, Tu
vin monawileobs eqspertad, specialistad,
387
Tarjimnad, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnad da

ganumartavs mxareebs, rom maT SeuZliaT
ganacxadon acileba, Tu aseTi acileba sa-
patiod cnobili mizeziT ar iyo gancxade-
buli saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, an Tu
saqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle anda sxva
sasamarTlo Semadgenloba da ara is, romel-
ic cnobili iyo am saqmis sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvisaTvis momzadebis dros.
_ acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba dasaSvebia mxolod

saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze
ganxilvis dros acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba
Tu: a) arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc acileba ar
iyo gancxadebuli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, an b)
saqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle an sxva sasamarTlo Se-
madgenloba.
_ mas Semdeg, rac gansazRvruli iqneba mosamarTle,
romelmac erTpirovnulad unda ganixilos, an kolegi-
is Semadgenloba, romelmac kolegiurad unda ganixi-
los saqme, isini valdebulni arian awarmoon saqme samo-
qalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.
es imas niSnavs, rom mosamarTles SeuZlia ganacxados
TviTacileba. SeiZleba mxareebma ganacxadon acileba,
magram Tu acileba an TviTacileba ar iqneba dakmayofi-
lebuli an, saerTod, gancxadebuli, saqme swored im mo-
samarTlem Tu sasamarTlos Semadgenlobam unda gani-
xilos da gadawyvitos, visac es saqme gadaeca.
_ aravis aqvs ufleba, garda TviTacilebisa da aci-
lebisa, sxva gziT Camoacilos mosamarTle saqmis gan-
xilvas da Secvalos igi sxva mosamarTliT, Tu ara ise-
Ti obieqturi garemoeba, rogoricaa misi avadmyofo-
ba, gardacvaleba an sxva iseTi garemoeba, romelic
ar aZlevs mosamarTles saSualebas Seasrulos Tavisi
samsaxurebrivi movaleoba.
388
muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobe-

bisa da gancxadebebis ganxilva
1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas Sua-

mdgomloba sasamarTlos waredgineba weri-
lobiTi formiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rode-
sac mxare axali arsebiTi garemoebis safu-
velze Suamdgomlobas daayenebs sasamarT-
lo sxdomaze. Suamdgomloba unda iyos
dasabuTebuli, masSi konkretulad unda
mieTiTos moTxovna da misi argumentacia,
romelic unda Seexebodes mxolod im gar-
moebebs, romlebsac uSualo kavSiri aqvs
SuamdgomlobaSi dasmul moTxovnasTan. erT-
gvarovani Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos
erTad waredgineba. Tu mosamarTle miiC-
nevs, rom Suamdgomlobis dayeneba emsax-
ureba procesis gaWianurebas, igi xsnis am
Suamdgomlobas. Tu mosamarTle miiCnevs, rom
mxare procesis gaWianurebis mizniT ayenebs
Suamdgomlobebs, igi mxareebs arTmevs Sua-
mdgomlobebis dayenebis uflebas da gada-
dis saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg stadiaze.
2. mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa Sua-
mdgomlobebi da gancxadebebi axal mtki-
cebulebaTa warmodgenis an gamoTxovis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlom SeiZleba ganixilos
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqmis mosamza-
debel stadiaze mxares ar SeeZlo maTi
warmodgena, agreTve Tu maT Sesaxeb mis-
Tvis obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqneboda
cnobili da maTi warmodgenis safuZveli-
warmoiSva mTavar sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem
sapatio mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabam-
isi Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis
warmodgena saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze.
aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis ganxilva mxareTa
389
TxovniT an sasamarTlos iniciativiT Sei-

Zleba gadaidos.
3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb-
ul sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba mxaris mier
Suamdgomlobisa da gancxadebis warmodge-
nis SeuZlebloba, rac gamowveulia avad-
myofobiT, axlo nTesavis gardacvalebiT
an sxva gansakuTrebuli obieqturi gare-
moebiT, rac misgan damokidebeli mizeziT
SeuZlebels xdis Suamdgomlobisa da gancx-
adebis warmodgenas. avadmyofoba dadas-
turebuli unda iqnes samedicino dawese-
bulebis xelmZRvanelis mier xelmowerili
dokumentiT, romelic pirdapir miuTiTebs
sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebis Seu-
Zleblobaze.
1. 215-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praqtiku-

li sakiTxis gadawyvetas emsaxureba:
pirveli - Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos waredg-
ineba werilobiTi formiT;
meore - Tu Suamdgomlobebi aRiZvris sasamarTlo
sxdomaze maSin isini SeiZleba waredginos sasamarT-
los zepiri formiT, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi;
mesame - erTgvarovani Suamdgomlobebi SeiZleba
erTad waredginos sasamarTlos (rac ar gamoricxavs
maT gancalkevebiT wardgenasac). erTgvarovnad Sei-
Zleba CaiTvalos Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic erTg-
varovan faqtobriv an samarTlebriv safuZvlebs em-
yareba. magaliTad, Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic mosa-
marTlisa da eqspertis acilebas moiTxovs;
meoTxe - Suamdgomloba, damoukideblad imisa zepi-
ri Tu werilobiTi formiTaa igi warmodgenili - das-
abuTebuli (motivirebuli) unda iyos. masSi naTlad da
garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli ras moiTxovs da ris
safuZvelze moiTxovs.
magaliTad, Tu mxare Tavisi SuamdgomlobiT moiTx-
390
ovs mosamarTlis acilebas, man unda miuTiTos faqto-

brivi garemoebebi, romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs ac-
ilebas (29-e, 31-e muxlebi), Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs
mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze, man unda miuTiTos
Tu ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mas (140-e mux-
li) da a.S.
mexuTe - sasamarTlom yovelTvis mtkiced da
ganuxrelad unda ebZrolos saqmis ganxilva-gadawyve-
tis gaWianurebis mcdelobas. amitom, mxaris yovelg-
vari Suamdgomloba, romelic mimarTulia saqmis ganx-
ilvis gaWianurebisaken, sasamarTlom arc unda ganixi-
los. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad sasa-
marTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win mxare Suamdgo-
mlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gadados saqmis ganx-
ilva, raTa aiyvanos advokati (an mowmis saxiT gamouZa-
xos ama Tu im pirs, an daniSnos eqspertiza da a.S.). ase-
Ti Suamdgomlobebi aSkarad mimarTulia saqmis ganx-
ilvis gaWianurebisaken, radgan aranairi axali garemoe-
bebi ar warmoSobila da aseTi Suamdgomlobebis day-
eneba mas SeeZlo jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze da,
miT ufro, sasamarTlo sxdomis gaxsnis stadiaze.
2. 215-e muxlis me-2 nawili azrisa da Sinaarsis Tanax-
mad sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dauSvebelia raime
werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis wardgena,
raime Suamdgomlobebisa Tu gancxadebebis aRZvra, sar-
Celis Secvla an sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, mow-
mis dasaxeleba da a.S.
magram, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, aseTi Suamdgom-
lobebiT Tu gancxadebebiT mimarTva dasaSvebia mTa-
vari sxdomis gaxsnis etapze (stadiaze), e.i. sanam sasa-
marTlo gadavidodes saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvaze,
sanam daiwyebodes sxdomis meore etapi - saqmis ganx-
ilva (217-e muxli).
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is gare-
moebac, rom am etapzec, e.i. mTavari sxdomis gaxsnis
etapzec, raime axali mtkicebulebebi, Suamdgomlobe-
bi, gancxadebebi, SeiZleba miiRos da ganixilos sasa-
391
marTlom mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini warmodge-

nili da aRZruli ar iyo am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze
sapatio mizeziT, romlis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisre-
ba axali mtkicebulebebis warmomdgens Tu Suamdgom-
lobebis aRmZvrel mxares; Tu es mxare ver daamtki-
cebs sapatio mizezis arsebobas, sasamarTlo saerTod
ar miiRebs da ar ganixilavs am mxaris Suamdrgomlobebs.
axali mtkicebulebebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze,
an gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis miRebaze, ganx-
ilvaze an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmas ar SeiZle-
ba moyves saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba. sasamarTlom unda
gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadaw-
yvetileba. mxares SeuZlia aseTi uaris Tqmis arama-
rTlzomierebis Sesaxeb miuTiTos Tavis saapelacio
(sakasacio) saCivarSi (377-e da 407-e muxlebi).
saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba gadaidos mxolod erT
SemTxvevaSi Tu mxares hqonda sapatio mizezi, ris
gamoc droulad ver warmoadgina axali mtkice-
bulebebi da ver aRZra Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs sapatio mizezebis
sanimuSo da imavdroulad araamomwurav
CamonaTvals, romlebsac SeeZloT dabrkoleba Seeqm-
naT mxarisaTvis gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis
sasamarTlosaTvis droulad wardgenisaTvis. es mize-
zebia: a) mxaris avadmyofoba, rac unda dadasturdes
samedicino dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis xelmower-
ili dokumentiT da b) axlo naTesavis gardacvalebiT.
aq miTiTebulia agreTve sxva obieqtur garemoebe-
bzec, romlebsac SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT cnobili sti-
qiuri movlenebi, xangrZlivi mivlineba, sasamarTlos
reorganizacia da sxva, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli See-
SalaT mxarisaTvis droulad waredgina sasamarTloSi
Suamdgomlobebi, mtkicebulebebi, gancxadebebi.
392
muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba

da gagrZeleba
1. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia

mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-
vevebSi. saqmis ganxilva misi gadadebis Sem-
TxvevaSi grZeldeba im stadiidan, romelze-
dac igi gadaido. sasamarTlo agreTve
uflebamosilia saqmis ganxilva gaagrZe-
los im stadiidan, romelsac mizanSewonilad
miiCnevs.
2. Tu mowme, eqsperti da specialisti ar
gamocxaddnen, sasamarTlos mxareTa azris
mosmenis Semdeg gamoaqvs ganCineba sasa-
marTlo ganxilvis gagrZelebisa da gamoucx-
adebel pirTa mimarT zomebis miRebis an
sasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlo ganxilva grZeldeba, Tu aRniS-
nul pirTa gamoucxadebloba xels ar uS-
lis saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxriv, srul
da obieqtur gamokvlevas.
3. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvis gadadebi-
sas daniSnavs axali sasamarTlo sxdomis dRes
da amis Sesaxeb acnobebs sasamarTlo pro-
cesze gamocxadebul pirebs, rasac isini
adastureben xelis moweriT. gamoucxadebel
da saqmeSi axalCabmul pirebs axali sasa-
marTlo sxdomis dRe ecnobebaT am kodeqsis
70-e-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT.
4. mxareTa Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mosa-
marTles SeZlia ganixilos saqme an/da mi-
iRos gadawyvetileba arasamuSao dros, maT
Soris, dasvenebisa da uqme dReebSi.
1. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis mo-

mzadebis stadia arsebobs imisaTvis, rom ar gaxdes
saWiro saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasamarTlos mTvari sx-
393
domis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba da saqme ganxilul

iqnes erT sxdomaze da, Tu SesaZlebelia, Sesvenebis
gareSe.
miuxedavad amisa, zogjer saWiro da mizanSewonili
xdeba saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, roca amas iTval-
iswinebs kanoni.
- am muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisagan mijnavs
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas da saqmis ganxilvis gagr-
Zelebas.
saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba - esaa am saqmis ganxil-
visaTvis axali sxdomis sxva droisaTvis daniSvna.
aqedan gamomdinare, arasworia uwodoT saqmis ganxil-
vis gadadeba (rogorc amas zogjer SevxvdebiT praq-
tikaSi) iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac saqmis ganxilva erT
dRes (erT sxdomaze) ver mTavrdeba da amitom gr-
Zeldeba momdevno an sxva dRes. sinamdvileSi, es iqneba
ara gadadeba, aramed saqmis ganxilvis gagrZeleba sxva
dRes, an kidev Sesvenebis gamocxadeba sxva dromde.
saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia mxolod kano-
niT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi (190-e, 229-e, 233-e
da sxva muxlebi), magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sxva
SemTxvevaSi gadadeba dauSvebelia. magaliTad, Tu mow-
med dabarebuli piri ar gamocxadda sxdomaze, sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia daadginos misi iZulebiTi moyvana
(145-e muxli). cxadia, rom Tu sasamarTlom aseTi ga-
dawyvetileba miiRo, man unda gadados saqmis ganxil-
va sxva droisaTvis. aseve, Tu mesame pirma damoukide-
beli moTxovniT aRZra sarCeli davis saganze, mxareTa
paeqrobis dawyebis win (188-e muxli) da sasamarTlom
miiRo warmoebaSi sarCeli, es SeiZleba gaxdes saqmis
ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli da a.S.
_saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia rogorc mx-
areTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
cxadia, sasamarTlom ar unda dauSvas saqmis ganxilvis
gadadeba, Tu amas miznad aqvs saqmis ganxilvis gaWia-
nureba.
- am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT gada-
394
debis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im stadi-

idan, romelzec igi gadaido, magram sasamarTlos
ufleba eniWeba gadauxvios am wess da TviTon gan-
sazRvros Tu romeli stadiidan gaagrZelos saqmis
ganxilva.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad mowmis, eqsper-
tis, specialistis gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad, sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia ar gadados am saqmis ganxilva da gam-
oitanos gadawyvetileba mxolod erTi pirobiT: Tu
maTi gamoucxadebloba, xels ar uSlis saqmis garemoe-
baTa yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas“. sa-
kiTxi imis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Tu ara „saqmis garemoebaTa
yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvleva“ mowmis,
eqspertisa da specialistis gareSe - gadawyvets sasa-
marTlo mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmenis Semdeg.
3. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina saqmis ganxilvis gada-
deba, igi valdebulia daniSnos dRe axali sxdomisaTvis
imave ganCinebiT, romliTac am saqmis ganxilva gadaido.
amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom maSinve unda acnobos sasa-
marTloze gamocxadebul pirebs da afrTxilebs maT
axal daniSvnul sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis Sedegeb-
is Sesaxeb danarCenebs ki acnobebs axali sxdomis dRis
Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
4. arasamuSao dros da, miT ufro, dasvenebisa da
uqme dReebSi raime saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba
principulad dauSvebelia, magram rogorc gamonakli-
si es dasaSvebia mxolod orive mxaris TanxmobiT.
5. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba Setanil iqnes
oqmSi (284-e muxli). am saoqmo ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, axa-
li sxdomis Catarebis dRe da saaTi, axali saproceso
moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis dro, im pirTa xelmowerebi,
romlebic eswrebian sxdomas da maTi gafrTxilebis
Sesaxeb gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Taobaze.
am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
395
muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba
1. saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosa-

marTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, romelic
unda emyarebodes mxareTa mier warmodge-
nil masalebs, xolo Tu am saqmeze Catarda
mosamzadebeli sxdoma agreTve am sxdomis
masalebsa da oqms. mosamarTlem unda Camo-
ayalibos mosarCelis (ganmcxadeblis) moTx-
ovnis arsi, faqtebi, romlebic safuZvlad
daedo am moTxovnas, mopasuxis Sesagebeli,
faqtebi, romlebzedac ar davoben mxareebi,
da is faqtebic, romlebic sadavoa, agreTve
mxareebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebule-
bebi, romlebic daerTvis saqmes. mosamarT-
lis mier saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg iwyeba
mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena.
2. pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosar-
Celisa da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris
axsna-ganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misi
moTxovna, ra garemoebebs emyareba igi da
riT adasturebs am garemoebebs, kvlav uWers
Tu ara mxars am moTxovnas da uars xom ar
ambobs sarCelze, xom ar surs saqmis morige-
biT damTarveba da sxva.
3. Semdeg sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa
da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris axsna-
ganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misi Sesage-
beli, xom ar cnobs sarCels, an xom ar surs
saqmis morigebiT damTavreba da sxva.
_ mas Semdeg, rac ganxiluli iqneba mxareTa da maT

warmomadgenelTa yvela Suamdgomloba, gancxadeba,
mosazreba da sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom ar
arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, da-
iwyeba meore etapi _ saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva.
- saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis
396
moxsenebiT mosamarTlem saqmis masalebze dayrdno-

biT unda Camoayalibos:
a) mosarCelis moTxovnis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi sasar-
Celo gancxadebis mixedviT;
b) garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebs Ta-
vis moTxovnas (mtkicebis sagani);
g) mopasuxis Sesageblis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi;
d) faqtebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs mopasuxis
Sesagebels;
e) faqtebi, romlebzec ar davoben mxareebi da
faqtebi, romlebic sadavoa;
v) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic warmodgenilia mxa-
reebis mier am sadavo faqtebis dasadastureblad;
mosamarTlis moxsenebaSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos
sxva iseT garemoebebzec, romlebsac aqvT mniSvneloba
am saqmisaTvis da piradad mxareebisaTvis. magaliTad,
Tu mopasuxem, miuxedavad sasamarTlos gafrTxilebi-
sa, ar warmoadgina werilobiTi Sesagebeli (201-e mux-
li) amis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas moxsenebaSi da a.S.
2. amis Semdeg sasamarTlo sityvas axsna-ganmarteb-
isaTvis aZlevs mxareebs, pirvelad sityva eZleva mo-
sarCeles da mis mxareze monawile mesame pirs, Semdeg
ki sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa da mis mxareze
monawile mesame piris axsna-ganmartebebs.
axsna-ganmartebis win mosamarTlem unda ganumartos
mxareebs rom maT ar gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva mosa-
marTlis mier, aramed aRniSnon Tu raime aqvT dasamate-
beli an dasazustebeli da ramdenad sworad iyo gagebu-
li da gadmocemuli maTi moTxovnisa da Sesageblis arsi
da Sinaarsi da, Tu es saWiroa, korektireba gaukeTon mo-
samarTlis moxsenebas, moiTxovon misi dazusteba.
- mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba, mowmis Cvenebisagan gan-
sxvavebiT, ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli - esaa mx-
aris mosazreba, misi Sexeduleba saqmis arsze mTli-
anad, romelic emyareba saqmeSi arsebul masalebs da
kanons. meore - esaa mxaris Cveneba saqmisaTvis mniS-
vnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis
397
uSualo mxilveli (mowme) TviTonaa, an romlis Sesaxeb

cnobebi mas gaaCnia. am TvalsazrisiT mxaris axsna-gan-
marteba Zalian hgavs mowmis Cvenebas da amitom igi,
rogorc mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebis wyaro,
Seuclelia, mis axsna-ganmartebas am nawilSi ver Secv-
lis advokatic (127-e muxli).
- mosarCelem sagangebo yuradReba unda dauTmos im
garemoebebis dadasturebas, romlebsac emyareba. man
unda miuTiTos, Tu romeli faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs,
an romel faqtebs aRiarebs, xolo romelsac ar aRiarebs,
riT adasturebs mas. mis mxareze monawile mesame pirma
yovelnairad unda Seuwyos xeli mosarCeles procesis
mogebaSi, risTvisac man unda miuTiTos da daadasturos
Tavisi pozicia mtkicebulebaTa moSveliebiT.
3. igive wesiT unda Camoayalibos Tavisi axsna-gan-
marteba mopasuxemac. Tu man werilobiT warudgina sasa-
marTlos Tavisi Sesagebeli, maSin rac SeiZleba mokled
unda Seexos am Sesagebels im TvalsazrisiT, Tu raime
sworad ver gaigo mosamarTlem, agreTve miuTiTos rome-
li faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs, romeli faqtebi SeiZle-
ba CaiTvalos damtkicebulad da romeli ara da a.S.
mxareebs SeiZleba miscen SekiTxvebi 221-e muxliT
dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
4. mxareTa gamosvlis Semdeg sityva eZleva maT war-
momadgenlebs, pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosar-
Celis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas, xolo Semdeg mopa-
suxis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas. am warmomadgenel-
Ta gamosvla unda efuZnebodes saqmis masalebs da mx-
areTa mier zepirad gakeTebul axsna-ganmartebebs. maT
gamosvlaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saqmis sa-
marTlebrivi analizi, im faqtebis iuridiuli Se-
faseba, romlebic maTi azriT dadasturebulia saqme-
Si arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT. saqmis masalebisa da
kanonmdeblobis analizis safuZvelze warmomadgen-
lis (advokatis) mier warmoTqmuli mosazreba aris misi
daskvna mTlianad saqmis an calkeuli saproceso mo-
qmedebis Sesaxeb.
398
muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTa

gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebis
ganxilva
1. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samo-

qalaqo saqmeebi ganixileba daCqarebuli
wesiT.
2. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva iwyeba mosa-
marTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, rac unda
Seexebodes sadavo faqtobriv garemoebebs.
saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg mosamarTles
ufleba aqvs mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi,
romlebic xels Seuwyobs saqmisaTvis mniS-
vnelovan faqtobriv garemoebaTa dadgenas
da am garemoebebis damadasturebeli mt-
kicebulebebis gamokvlevas. sasamarTlos
nebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia Se-
kiTxva dausvas mowinaaRmdege mxares da
mis warmomadgenels sadavo faqtobriv gare-
moebebTan dakavSirebiT. mtkicebulebaTa
gamoqyeyneba ar aris savaldebulo. saqmis
ganxilva mTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT da
replikiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, magistrat

mosamarTleTa gansjadi saqmeebi, - miuxedavad imi-
sa, Tu romeli mosamarTle ixilavs mas - uSualod mag-
istrati mosamarTle, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasa-
marTlos sxva mosamarTle, roca ama Tu im adminis-
traciul teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs mag-
istrati mosamarTle, an misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi
(me-13 muxlis me-3 naw.) - ganixileba „daCqarebuli
wesiT“.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar ic-
nobs da ar gansazRvravs „daCqarebulad“ saqmeTa
ganxilvis wesebs. amitom, am muxlis pirveli nawilis
danawesi unda gavigoT rogorc survili an mowode-
399
ba, romelic kargi iqneba Tu gavrceldeba aramarto

magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeebze, aramed
saerTod yvela kategoriis saqmeebze da yvela in-
stanciis sasamarTloebze.
sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa droulad („daCqarebu-
lad“) ganxilvis erTaderTi garantiaa samoqalaqo
saqmeTa sasamarTloSi warmoebis ssk-iT dadgenili
wesebis zustad da ganuxrelad dacva. amitom, sasa-
marTloebma swored am wesebis dacviT saqmeTa ganx-
ilvas unda miaqcion mTavari yuradReba.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili principulad ar gansxavde-
ba 217-e muxliT gansazRvruli samoqalaqo saqmeTa
ganxilvis wesisagan. ori garemoeba iqcevs mxolod
yuradRebas: erTi - saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg mosamar-
Tles SeuZlia mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi, ise rom
jer ar mousminos maT axsna-ganmartebas, da meore -
saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyneba ar aris
savaldebulo.
amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos Semdegi:
pirveli - sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoZaxeba warmoebs
axsna-ganmartebis misaRebad. sasamarTlo sxdomaze
gamocxadebul mxares sruli ufleba aqvs misces sasa-
marTlos axsna-ganmarteba da aravis, maT Soris saqmis
ganmxilvel mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs waarTvas mx-
ares es ufleba.
rac Seexeba mosamarTlis SekiTxvebs mxareebisad-
mi, agreTve mxareTa SekiTxvebs erTmaneTis mimarT,
aseT SekiTxvebs SeiZleba hqondeT erTaderTi mizani
Seavsos xarvezi, romelic yovelTvis axlavs Tavisu-
fali TxrobiT mxaris an mowmis mier gadmocemul axs-
na-ganmartebas da Cvenebas (ix. 222-e muxlis komentari).
meore - saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyne-
ba sasamarTlo sxdomaze araa savaldebulo arc magis-
trati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebis da arc sxva
kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis dros.
amasTan erTad, nebismieri „saqmis ganxilva
mTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT da replikiT“.
400
muxli 218. moqmedeba, romelsac

asrulebs mosamarTle mxareTa
morigebis mizniT
1. sasamarTlom yovelnairad unda Seuwy-

os xeli da miiRos kanoniT gaTvaliswineb-
uli yvela zoma, raTa mxareebma saqme
morigebiT daamTavron.
2. mosamarTles SeuZlia miuTiTos davis
gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze da mxareebs
SesTavazos morigebis pirobebi.
1. jer kidev saqmis mozadebis stadiaze mosamar-

Tles evaleba miiRos yvela zoma mxareTa morigebi-
saTvis, magram Tu es maSin ver moxerxda, man kvlav unda
miiRos Sesabamisi zomebi maTi morigebisaTvis mTavar
sxdomaze. mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobis
gziT mxareTa Soris dadebuli g arigeba, romelic ax-
leburad gansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs.
faqtiurad mxareTa morigebiT saqmis damTavreba niS-
navs mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davis TviT am mxareebis
mier gadawyvetas, rac yovelTvis da yvelgan iTvle-
boda davis gadawyvetis yvelaze saukeTeso formad.
saqme isaa, rom morigebiT saqmis damTavrebis SemTx-
vevaSi xdeba davis (konfliqtis) aramarto iuridiu-
lad, aramed faqtobrivadac gadawyveta, maSin rode-
sac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT dava ki gadawydeba
iuridiulad erTxel da samudamod, magram faqtiurad
mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava SeiZleba gagrZeldes da
zogjer kidev ufro gamwvavdes, gansakuTrebiT rode-
sac sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba araa sakmaod das-
abuTebuli da damajerebeli.
2. am muxlis meore nawili pirdapir miuTiTebs sasa-
marTlos aqtiur rolze mxareTa morigebis mizniT. es
imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom damajereblad unda
ganumartos mxareebs saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis
upiratesobaze, mizanSewonilobaze da misi orive mx-
401
arisaTvis xelsayrelobaze. SesTavazos maT morige-

bis pirobebi da amiT moaxdinos maTze saWiro zemo-
qmedeba am TvalsazrisiT.
rac Seexeba davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze
miTiTebas, aq mosamarTlem unda gamoiCinos gan-
sakuTrebuli sifrTxile: mxare SeiZleba ar wavides
morigebaze, Tu mosamarTlem ganacxada („miuTiTa“) rom
dava SeiZleba gadawydes ama Tu im mxaris sasargeblod
an sarCeli SeiZleba dakmayofildes mTlianad an nawi-
lobriv da da.S. arc morigebis win da arc morigebis
Semdeg SeiZleba ar iyos mizanSewonili „davis gadaw-
yvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze miTiTeba“.
muxli 219. axal garemoebebze

miTiTeba
1. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis mosmenis dros

maT SeiZleba wamoayenon axali mosazrebe-
bi, an miuTiTon axal garemoebebze, ro-
melTa Sesaxebac ar yofila gancxadebuli
saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze an mxareTa
zepiri Sejibrebis dawyebamde.
2. sasamarTlo gaiTvaliswinebs am axal
garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebs, Tu cnobs,
rom maT Sesaxeb Tavis droze ar iyo gan-
cxadebuli sapatio mizeziT da rom es ar
momxdara saqmis gaWianurebis mizniT. mo-
winaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sTxovos sasa-
marTlos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, raTa
moemzados am axali garemoebebisa Tu mtki-
cebulebebis gasaqarwyeblad.
3. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 216-e muxliT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili ar ukrZalavs mxareebs

wamoayenon mTavar sxdomaze TavianT axsna-ganmartebeb-
Si axali mosazrebebi da miuTiTon axal garemoebebze.
402
axali iqneba iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic adre ar

iyo gamoTqmuli da wamoyenebuli. magaliTad, Tu mo-
pasuxem ar warudgina sasamarTlos werilobiTi Sesage-
beli momzadebis stadiaze (201-e muxli), es ar arTmevs
mas uflebas zepiri formiT Camoayalibos Tavisi Sesa-
gebeli mTavar sxdomaze, magram es ukve iqneba axali ga-
remoebebi (mosazrebebi), romlebic adre ar iyo cnobi-
li. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mosarCelezec, romelic Ta-
vis zepir axsna-ganmartebaSi mTavar sxdomaze uTiTebs
iseT axal garemoebebze da mtkicebulebebze, romle-
bic ar iyo miTiTebuli misi sarCelis safuZvelSi an ki-
dev, mis mier adre warmodgenil werilobiT masalebSi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, romlis adresatia sasamar-
Tlo, Seicavs praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniS-
vnelovan danawess: sasamarTlo ar gaiTvaliswinebs am
axal garemoebebs, ar miiRebs araviTar mtkicebule-
bebs, angariSs ar gauwevs axal mosazrebebs, Tu isini sa-
patio mizezis gareSe ar iyo warmodgenili Tavis dro-
ze, e. i. am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. amrigad, mizezis
sapatioba, aris axlad wamoyenebuli garemoebebis, mtki-
cebulebebis, mosazrebebis gansaxilvelad da gasaana-
lizeblad daSvebis winapiroba, magram ara maTi gazia-
rebis Tu dakmayofilebis safuZveli.
3. Tu sasamarTlo, sapatio mizezis arsebobis SemT-
xvevaSi, dauSvebs gansaxilvelad am axal garemoebebs
an miiRebs axal mtkicebulebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxa-
res, romelsac miaCnia, rom am axali garemoebebisa da
mtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyleblad dro sWirdeba, Se-
uZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba 216-e mux-
liT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miReba

gamocxadebuli pirisagan
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxaddeba

mxolod erTi mxare, sasamarTlo miiRebs
axsna-ganmartebas am erTi mxarisagan.
403
_ gamocxadebuli mxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis mi-

Reba aramarto mizanSewonilia, aramed aucilebelic
(130-e muxli).
praqtikulad araa gamoricxuli SemTxveva, rode-
sac gamocxadebuli erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mosarCe-
le, uars ityvis sarCelze, an kidev, mopasuxe _ cnobs
sarCels. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoita-
nos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyve-
tileba, romelic daefuZneba mopasuxis mier sarCelis
cnobas, an kidev, ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb, romelsac safuZvlad daedeba mosarCelis mi-
er sarCelze uaris Tqma (272-e muxli `g~ qvepunqti).
_ Tu gamocxadebuli mxare moiTxovs dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ga-
moitanos igi 229-e da 230-e muxlebis Sesabamisad (ix.
am muxlebis komentari).
muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi

sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxares
SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege mxa-
res da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxva
uadgilo an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxure-
ba saqmis garemoebis gamokvlevasa da dad-
genas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an Ta-
visi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTi
SekiTxva. SekiTxvis Seusabamod an uadgi-
lod miCneva da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosa-
marTles erTpirovnulad, anda sasamarT-
los _ kolegiurad, roca saqmes kolegiuri
sasamarTlo ganixilavs.
_ SekiTxva unda emsaxurebodes saqmisaTvis mniSv-

nelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenas. Tu SekiTxva am
mizans ar emsaxureba, uadgiloa, an arRvevs eTikis nor-
mebs, mosamarTlem dauyovnebliv unda moxsnas aseTi
SekiTxva.
404
_ SekiTxvis moxsnis sakiTxi SeiZleba daayenos mxa-

rem (warmomadgenelma). SekiTxva Tavisi iniciativiT
(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSec) SeuZlia moxsnas mo-
samarTlem, kolegiis Tavmjdomarem, an sasamarTlos
kolegiam erTmaneTTan moTaTbirebis Sedegad.
muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi

mosamarTles, romelic erTpirovnulad ga-
nixilavs saqmes, kolegiuri sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomaresa da mis nebismier wevrs uf-
leba aqvT mxareebs miscen SekiTxvebi, rom-
lebic xels Seuwyoben saqmis gadawyveti-
saTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaTa sru-
lad da zustad gansazRvras, am garemoe-
bebis dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa ga-
movlenasa da sasamarTloSi wardgenas, ma-
Ti utyuarobis gamorkvevas.
_ SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba sasa-

marTloze. mosamarTles SeuZlia misces SekiTxva mxa-
res nebismier dros, oRond mas Semdeg, roca mxare da-
amTavrebs axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemas.
_ axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemis procesSi mosamarT-
les SeuZlia mxares misces ara SekiTxva, aramed SeniSvna
imis Sesaxeb, rom man ilaparakos mxolod saqmis Sesaxeb
da Sewyvitos saubari iseT sakiTxebze da garemoebebze,
romlebsac am saqmisaTvis raime mniSvneloba ar aqvT.
muxli 223. mxareTa Sejibrebis

xelmZRvaneloba
1. mxareTa Sejibrebas xelmZRvanelobs sa-
samarTlo. igi xsnis, warmarTavs da wyvets
Sejibrebas, sityvas aZlevs an sityvis uf-
lebas arTmevs yvelas, vinc ar emorCileba
mas; aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, saqmis zepiri
405
ganxilvis interesebidan gamomdinare, si-

tyvis dasrulebisaTvis mxares ganusazRvravs
dros; iRebs gadawyvetilebebs zepiri Se-
jibrebis dros wamoWril sakiTxebze da
acxadebs am gadawyvetilebebs.
2. sasamarTlo iRebs am kodeqsiT gaTva-
liswinebul zomebs, raTa saqme yovelmxriv
iqnes gamokvleuli, mxareTa paeqroba zed-
metad ar gaWianurdes da ar garTuldes
da saqmis ganxilva damTavrdes rac SeiZ-
leba swrafad _ erT sasamarTlo sxdomaze
da, Tu SesaZlebelia, _ Sesvenebis gareSe.
1. aramarto mxareTa Sejibrebas, aramed samoqala-

qo saqmis warmoebas mTlianad xelmZRvanelobs sasa-
marTlo. amisaTvis sasamarTlos aqvs erTi didi orien-
tiri _ samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amom-
wuravad gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis wess da maT So-
ris mxareTa zepir Sejibrebas.
_ mxareebma jer kidev procesis sawyis etapze _ sar-
Celis warmoebaSi miRebis momentidan, unda gaacnobi-
eron, rom saqmis momzadebas (werilobiT Sejibrebas),
mis ganxilvas (zepir Sejibrebas) da gadawyvetas xelm-
ZRvanelobs sasamarTlo da, rom igi uflebas ver mis-
cems Tavis Tavsa da miT umetes mxares, daarRvios saq-
mis warmoebis kanoniT gansazRvruli wesebi.
_ mxareTa zepiri Sejibreba saqmis warmoebis yvela-
ze rTuli nawilia. am dros sWirdeba sasamarTlos gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradReba da principuloba. sasamarTlom
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda dauSvas mxareTa mier
mwvave da urTierTSeuracxmyofeli gamoTqmebi, man un-
da Seawyvetinos sityva yvelas vinc ar emorCileba. ne-
bismieri gadawyvetileba, romelsac igi miiRebs proce-
sis msvlelobis dros, maSinve unda gamocxaddes.
- sityvis dasrulebisaTvis drois gansazRvris auci-
lebloba (rac SeiZleba mTeli rigi gaugebrobebi moyves)
ar warmoiSoba Tu sasamarTlo uflebas ar miscems mxa-
406
reebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ilaparakon iseT sakiTx-

ebze, romlebsac ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
2. Tu saqme kargad iyo momzadebuli, rogorc amas
es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs, Tu TviTon sasamarTloc
kargadaa momzadebuli da saqmis ganxilva zedmetad
da usargeblod ar Wianurdeba _ sasamarTlos mTavari
sxdoma da saqmis gadawyveta Zalian swrafad, Sesvene-
bis gareSe unda damTavrdes.
muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis

Secvlisa da mopasuxis mier
Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris Sesaxeb
sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi
1. mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvlisa
Tu sagnis Secvlis an sasarCelo moTxovnis
gadidebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZR-
vanelobs 83-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
2. mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvrisa da sasamarTlos mier misi miRebis
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 188-
1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelis sa-

fuZveli an sagani, gaadidos Tavisi moTxovna saqmis
momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis momzadebis stadia dam-
Tavrebulad iTvleba mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarT-
lo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli).
_ mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Semdeg an uSualod mTa-
var sxdomaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCeli,
an gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovna, magram amisaTvis uk-
ve saWiroa mopasuxis winaswari Tanxmoba (83-e muxlis
me-3 nawili).
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, romel etapzec ar unda Secva-
los mosarCelem sarCeli, mopasuxes winaswar unda ec-
nobos, raTa igi moemzados Secvlili sarCelis wina-
407
aRmdeg TavdacvisaTvis da miiRos gadawyvetileba aseT

Secvlaze Tanxmobis Sesaxeb, roca amas kanoni iTvalis-
winebs.
2. mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli
saqmis momzadebis damTavrebamde, e.i. mTavari sxdo-
mis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis miRebamde (207-e mux-
li).
_ am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras
Segebebuli sarCeli, sasamarTlo paeqtrobis dawyebam-
de (188-e muxli) Tu sasamarTlo sapatiod miiCnevs va-
dis gaSvebas. sapatio mizezebis dadasturebis tvirTi
ekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac unda miuTiTos da daam-
tkicos iseTi garemoebis arseboba, romelmac xeli Seu-
Sala mas Tavis droze aReZra Segebebuli sarCeli.
_ amrigad, Segebebuli sarCelis Tavis droze aRuZ-
vrelobis mizezis sapatiooba, aris am sarCelis dasaS-
vebobis, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi piro-
ba. sxva mxriv, igi unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas,
rac gaTvaliswinebulia 189-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis ko-
mentari).
muxli 225. warmodgenil

mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba
mxareTa da mesame pirTa axsna-ganmarte-
bis mosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlo am kode-
qsiT dadgenili wesiT amowmebs warmodge-
nil mtkicebulebebs. sasamarTlo am kode-
qsis 104-e muxlis Sesabamisad saqmidan am-
oiRebs mtkicebulebebs da saqmeSi war-
modgenil im dokumentebs, romlebsac saqmi-
saTvis ara aqvT mniSvneloba.
_ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens ori

TvalsazrisiT: erTi, ramdenad sarwmuno da utyuaria
warmodgenili mtkicebuleba, da meore, ra daskvnebis
gakeTeba SeiZleba am mtkicebulebebidan saqmisaTvis
408
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis (saZiebeli faqtebis)

arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb.
_ mtkicebulebaTa sarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobis
Semowmebis mizniT sasamarTlom uSualod unda mous-
minos mxareebs, mesame pirebs, Tanamonawileebs, Sea-
daros maTi axsna-ganmartebebi erTmaneTs. man uSua-
lod unda dakiTxos da mousminos mowmeebs, daaTva-
lieros nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, moaxdinos adgil-
ze daTvaliereba, daniSnos eqspertiza, moiwvios spe-
cialisti da a. S. yvela es moqmedeba sasamarTlom un-
da Seasrulos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da, bolos,
moaxdinos yvela Sekrebili masalis, saqmeSi arsebu-
li yvela mtkicebulebis SedarebiTi gamokvleva. Tu
aseTi Sedarebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi ar-
sebobs urTierTsawinaaRmdego mtkicebulebebi, sa-
samarTlom unda aRmofxvras es winaaRmdegoba, risT-
visac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes mxareebisgan ganmeore-
biT axsna-ganmartebis miReba, mowmeTa ganmeorebiT
dakiTxva, eqspertizis, maT Soris damatebiTi da gan-
meorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna da a. S.
- Tu mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba - Sefasebis dros
aRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi aris iseTi mtkicebulebebi
da masalebi, romlebsac saqmisaTvis ar aqvs mniSvnelo-
ba, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT amoiRebs maT saqmi-
dan 104-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis ko-
mentari).

Semowmebis damTavreba
saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebulebis
ganxilvisa da Semowmebis Semdeg sasamarT-
lo ekiTxeba mxareebsa da warmomadgenlebs,
xom ar surT raime daumaton saqmis masa-
lebs. Tu aseTi survili ar gamoiTqva, sa-
samarTlo saqmis gamokvlevas damTavrebu-
409
lad acxadebs, ris Semdegac iwyeba mxareTa

paeqroba.
mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevisa da Semowmebis pro-

cesSi aqtiurad monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmo-
madgenlebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT da sruli ufleba
aqvT aramarto SekiTxvebi miscen erTmaneTs, mowmeebs,
eqspertebs, specialistebs, aramed gamoTqvan Tavian-
Ti dasabuTebuli mosazreba saqmeSi arsebuli mtkice-
bulebebis Sesaxeb, am mtkicebulebaTa utyuarobisa da
sarwmunoobis Sesaxeb.
_ bolos, mas Semdeg, rac mxareTa monawileobiT ga-
mokvleuli iqneba yvela warmodgenili mtkicebule-
ba, sasamarTlo kvlav unda SeekiTxos mxareebs, xom ar
surT raime daumaton saqmis masalebs, Tu maT araferi
aqvT dasamatebeli, sasamarTlo gadadis mxareTa paeq-
robaze.
_ am momentidan saqmis gamokvleva damTavrebulad
iTvleba.
muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba
1. paeqroba Sedgeba mxareebisa da maTi

warmomadgenlebis sityvebisagan.
2. pirvelad gamodian mosarCele da misi
warmomadgeneli. Semdeg _ mopasuxe da misi
warmomadgeneli, mesame piri, romelmac ga-
nacxada dawyebul procesSi davis saganze
damoukidebeli moTxovna, da misi warmo-
madgeneli gamodian mxareebis Semdeg. mesa-
me piri, romelsac davis saganze damouki-
debeli moTxovna ar ganucxadebia, da misi
warmomadgeneli gamodian im mosarCelis an
mopasuxis Semdeg, romlis mxarezedac mesa-
me piri monawileobs saqmeSi.
410
paeqroba _ esaa Semajamebeli sityva. paeqrobaSi mo-

nawileoba da maSasadame, Semajamebeli sityvis warmoT-
qmis ufleba aqvT mxareebs, Tanamonawileebs, mesame pi-
rebs damoukidebeli moTxovniT Tu mis gareSe, warmo-
madgenlebs.
_ mopaeqre Tavis sityvaSi unda Seecados gaanali-
zos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebi, aRniSnos saq-
misaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoebebi
(faqtebi) dasturdeba, am mtkicebulebebiT, romeli
garemoebebi (faqtebi) ver dadasturda da romel mxa-
res ekisreboda maTi dadasturebis (damtkicebis)
tvirTi. mxares SeuZlia sabolood Camoayalibos Tu
romeli garemoebebi dadasturda mtkicebulebebis
meSveobiT da romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli
am saqmis gadawyvetis dros.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs paeqrobaSi mo-
nawileTa rigiTobas, romelic zustad unda daicvas sa-
samarTlom.
_ paeqrobas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo, romel-
mac ar unda dauSvas iseTi gamosvla, romelic scilde-
ba paeqrobis mizans.
_ SekiTxvebi mopaeqris mimarT dauSvebelia.
muxli 228. replika

1. mas Semdeg, rac paeqrobis yoveli mona-
wile warmoTqvams sityvas, maT SeuZliaT
xelmeored gamovidnen warmoTqmul sity-
vasTan dakavSirebiT. ukanaskneli replikis
ufleba yovelTvis ekuTvniT mopasuxes da
mis warmomadgenels.
2. mxareTa paeqrobis Semdeg sasamarTlo
gadis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, ris Se-
saxebac ucxadebs sxdomis darbazSi damsw-
re pirebs.
411
1. replika _ esaa xelmeored gamosvla, rac ganpi-

robebulia paeqrobaSi monawile pirisaTvis pasuxis
gacemis saWiroebiT.
_ replikis, anu sapasuxo gamosvlis rigiToba unda
Seesabamebodes paeqrobaSi monawileobis rigiTobas
(227-e muxlis me-2 nawili), oRond imis gaTvaliswine-
biT, rom ukanaskneli replikis ufleba yovelTvis aqvs
mopasuxes da mis warmomadgenels.
_ replika _ esaa ufleba, romliTac SeuZliaT isar-
geblon, magram SeuZliaT uari Tqvan masze.
2. paeqrobiT mTavrdeba mTavari sxdoma da sasa-
marTlo gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad.
_ saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win sasamarTlom yo-
velTvis unda gamoacxados, rom igi gadis gadawyve-
tilebis gamosatanad.
412
T a v i XXVI
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
muxli 229. mosarCelis

gamoucxadebloba
1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ar

gamocxaddeba mosarCele, romelsac gaeg-
zavna Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dad-
genili wesiT, mopasuxis Suamdgomlobis sa-
fuZvelze sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoita-
nos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos ga-
moaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-
tovebis Sesaxeb, rasac ukavSirdeba 276-
278-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedege-
bi. Tu mopasuxe sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datovebis winaaRmdegia, sasamarTlo gada-
debs saqmis ganxilvas. mosarCelis ganmeo-
rebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyve-
tilebas.
1. Tu sasamarTlos sxdomaze gamocxadda mopasuxe,

magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlos SeuZ-
lia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba mosar-
Celis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, magram, mxolod ori pi-
robis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ mopasuxe
Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoita-
nos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayo-
filebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb; meore _ ar arsebobs da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebe-
li garemoebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e
muxlis pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
413
_ gamoucxadebeli mosarCelis winaaRmdeg dauswre-

beli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros sasamarTlo ar
afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs da arc
mTlianad saqmes samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. mas
gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dak-
mayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gamo-
ucxadeblobis gamo da ara saqmis masalebis mixedviT.
2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis winaaRmdegia, maSin sasa-
marTlom unda gaarkvios Tanaxma iqneba Tu ara mopasu-
xe rom sasamarTlom sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos.
Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCine-
bas sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (275-e
muxlis `g~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu mopasuxe amis winaaRm-
degia, maSin sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas.
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRva-
nelobs ssk 216-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am mux-
lis komentari).
_ Tu gadadebuli saqmis gansaxilvelad daniSnul
sasamarTlos sxdomaze kvlav gamocxadda mopasuxe,
magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlo gamoi-
tans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayo-
filebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, risTvisac mopasuxis
Tanxmoba saWiro aRar aris, magram dauswrebeli gadaw-
yvetilebis gamotanis sxva pirobebi (233-e muxlis pir-
veli nawili) saWiroa.
3. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesa-
xeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis TvalsazrisiT, rodesac
saqmeSi monawileobs ramdenime mosarCele an ramdeni-
me mopasuxe da sxdomaze cxaddeba mxolod nawili.
_ Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosar-
Celis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoad-
gens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~
qvepunqti), an, roca sarCeli wardgenilia ramdenime
mopasuxis winaaRmdeg (magaliTad, roca pasuxismgeb-
loba solidarulia), e. i. roca Tanamonawileoba sa-
414
valdebuloa, maSin ramdenime mosarCelidan erTis ga-

mocxadeba an ramdenime mopasuxidan erT-erTis gamoc-
xadeba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoi-
tanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawy-
vetileba. savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erTi
Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawi-
lis gamocxadebas (ix. 86-e muxlis komentari).
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva moT-
xovna sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin gamocxade-
buli mopasuxis mimarT gamotanili unda iqnes Cveu-
lebrivi gadawyvetileba, xolo gamoucxadebeli mopa-
suxis (mopasuxeebis) mimarT _ dauswrebeli gadawyve-
tileba.
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mo-
sarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva mopasu-
xis mimarT, maSin SeiZleba gamoucxadebel mosarCele-
Ta Tu mopasuxeTa mimarT gamotanil iqnes dauswrebe-
li gadawyvetileba, xolo gamocxadebulebis mimarT _
Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba (ix. 182-e muxlis me-3 naw-
ilis komentari).
muxli 230. mopasuxis

gamoucxadebloba
1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ar
gamocxaddeba mopasuxe, romelsac gaegzav-
na Setyobineba am kodeqsis 70-78-e mux-
lebiT dadgenili wesiT, da mosarCele Su-
amdgomlobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotanaze, maSin sarCelSi miTiTebuli faq-
tobrivi garemoebebi damtkicebulad iTv-
leba.
2. Tu sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi
iuridiulad amarTlebs sasarCelo moT-
xovnas, sarCeli dakmayofildeba. winaaRm-
deg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uars etyvis
mosarCeles mis dakmayofilebaze.
415
1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda mosarCele,

magram ar gamocxadda mopasuxe, sasamarTlo gamoitans
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofile-
bis Sesaxeb sami pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas:
pirveli _ mosarCele Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos wi-
naSe, raTa man gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-
ba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb mopasuxis gamo-
ucxadeblobis gamo; meore _ ar arsebobs dauswrebe-
li gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebeli gare-
moebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e muxlis
pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari) da mesame _
sarCelSi miTiTebuli da mopasuxis gamoucxadeblo-
bis gamo damtkicebulad CaTvlili garemoebebi iu-
ridiulad amarTleben moTxovnas.
2. ise rogorc mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemT-
xvevaSi (229-e muxli), mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis
SemTxvevaSic sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faq-
tobrivi garemoebebi iTvleba damtkicebulad, magram
mxolod es araa sakmarisi dauswrebeli gadawyveti-
lebis gamotanisaTvis mosarCelis sasargeblod. ami-
saTvis, agreTve saWiroa rom es damtkicebulad CaTv-
lili faqtobrivi garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleb-
des mosarCelis moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni ukavSirebdes
im Sedegs, romlis dadgomac surs mosarCeles. Tu mo-
pasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo damtkicebulad CaT-
vlili garemoebebi iuridiulad ar amarTleben mosar-
Celis moTxovnas, maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos
ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyveti-
leba, romliTac uari unda eTqvas sxdomaze gamocxa-
debul mosarCeles sarCelze. magram, Tu aRniSnuli
garemoebebi mosarCelis moTxovnas iuridiulad amar-
Tleben, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyve-
tilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
magaliTad, mosarCele moiTxovs mopasuxisa da misi
ojaxis wevrebis binidan gamosaxlebas im garemoebe-
bis safuZvelze, rom man es bina SeiZina auqcionze, gax-
da misi mesakuTre, rac registrirebulia sajaro re-
416
estrSi, xolo am binis yofili mesakuTre aris mopasu-

xe, romelmac dakarga biniT sargeblobis ufle-
ba.magram winaaRmdegia gaaTavisuflos bina da Tanax-
maa gadaixados binis qira. mosarCeles ki unda am binis
sastumrod gadakeTeba. mopasuxis mTavar sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis gamo, yvela es faqtebi
dadasturebulad unda CaiTvalos, magram sasamarTlom
es faqtebi unda Seafasos iuridiulad. samoqalaqo ko-
deqsis 307-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad: àxal Sem-
Zenze sakuTrebis gadasvliT Zveli mesakuTre ganixi-
leba damqiraveblad sabazro pirobebis Sesabamisad~.
amrigad, mosarCelis mier Tavisi moTxovnis dasasa-
buTeblad sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi
ver amarTleben iuridiulad am moTxovnas, amitom sa-
samarTlom uari unda uTxras mosarCeles sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT da es iqne-
ba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyve-
tileba, aqedan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. sa-
kasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis moiTxovs sasamarTlo-
ebisagan, raTa maT mtkiced daicvan 230-e muxlis me-2
nawilis danawesi da kargad Seamowmon Tu ramdenad
amarTleben iuridiulad sarCelSi miTiTebuli gare-
moebebi mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas.30
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mopasuxis gamoucxadeb-
lobis gamo sarCelSi miTiTebuli da damtkicebulad
CaTvlili garemoebebi nawilobriv amarTleben, magram
nawilobriv ar amarTleben iuridiulad mosarCelis
moTxovnebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamo-
itanos erTi saproceso dokumenti _ `gadawyvetile-
ba _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba~, romelSic aRniS-
nuli iqneba, Tu ra nawilSi dakmayofilda mosarCelis
moTxovna da ra nawilSi eTqva mas uari. moTxovnis is
nawili, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mosarCe-
les _ aisaxeba erTiani saproceso dokumentis im na-
wilSi, romelsac `gadawyvetileba~ ewodeba, xolo moT-
30
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#6, gv.550-551
417
xovnis is nawili, romelic dakmayofilda _ aisaxeba am

dokumentis im nawilSi, romelsac `dauswrebeli gadaw-
yvetileba~ ewodeba.
3. Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosar-
Celis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoadgens
saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti), maSin am ram-
denime mosarCelisagan erTis gamocxadebis SemTxveva-
Sic (roca mopasuxe ar gamocxadda) gamotanili unda iq-
nes erTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela (da ara
mxolod erTi gamocxadebuli) mosarCelis sasargeblod.
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mo-
sarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva an erTi
mopasuxis mimarT, maSin Tu ar gamocxadda mopasuxe
(mopasuxeebi), magram gamocxaddnen mosarCeleebi, ga-
motanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela
mosarCelis sasargeblod, magram Tu gamocxadda erTi
(an meti), magram ar gamocxaddnen sxvebi, maSin gamoc-
xadebuli mosarCelis sasargeblod gamotanili iqne-
ba dauswrebeli, xolo gamoucxadebeli mosarCelee-
bis moTxovnebis mimarT SeiZleba sarCeli ganuxilve-
lad darCes (231-e muxli).
muxli 231. orive mxaris

gamoucxadebloba
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadde-
ba arc erTi mxare, romlebsac gaegzavnaT
Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili
wesiT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sar-
Celis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, ra-
sac ukavSirdeba 276-e da 278-e muxlebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi.
_ orive mxaris mTavar sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamo-

ucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb,
oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT: Tu mxareebs gaeg-
418
zavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad da

saqmeSi aris amis damadasturebeli dokumenti.
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi
mosarCeles kvlav SeuZlia aRZras igive sarCeli saer-
To wesis dacviT (278-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saq-
mis ganaxleba, axali sarCelis aRZvris gareSe, rasac
zogjer moiTxoven mxareebi, anu ganuxilvelad dato-
vebuli sarCelis `gacocxleba~, dauSvebelia.
_ ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesa-
xeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli).
muxli 232. sasamarTlo sxdomaze

gamocxadebuli mxaris uari
monawileoba miiRos saqmis
ganxilvaSi
gamoucxadeblad iTvleba mxare, romelic,

Tumca sasamarTlo sxdomaze daniSnul dros
gamocxadda, magram uars ambobs saqmis gan-
xilvaSi monawileobaze.
_ praqtikaSi zogjer or gansxvavebul viTarebas-

Tan gvaqvs saqme: pirveli _ rodesac mxare gamocxad-
da, magram ara im ganzraxviT, rom monawileoba miiRos
saqmis ganxilvaSi. am muxlis pirdapiri danawesis mi-
xedviT, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoi-
tanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba; da meore _ ro-
desac mxare gamocxadda im ganzraxviT, rom monawile-
oba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, daiwyo kidec monawile-
oba, magram procesis ama Tu im etapze, datova sxdoma
an imis gamo, rom sasamarTlom misi Suamdgomloba ar
daakmayofila, an SeiZleba imis gamo, rom procesis
msvlelobis mixedviT misi pozicia arc ise saimedo aR-
moCnda. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba im mxaris winaaRmdeg,
romelmac miatova sxdoma. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba
an saqmis masalebis mixedviT gadawyvetilebis gamota-
419
na aseTi mxaris waxaliseba iqneboda, miT ufro, Tu saq-

mis masalebi misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis ga-
motanis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes.
_ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis win (217-e muxli) sasamar-
Tlom unda gaafrTxilos mxareebi, rom saqmis ganxilva-
Si monawileobis miuRebloba an sxdomis mitoveba saqmis
ganxilvis nebismier etapze da sasamarTlos nebarTvis
gareSe, miCneul iqneba rogorc gamoucxadebloba da ga-
motanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.

dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis dauSvebloba
sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-
bis gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu:
a) gamoucxadebeli mxare mowveuli ar
iyo 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT;
b) sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom
adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxva
movlenebs, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli See-
SalaT sasamarTloSi mxaris droulad ga-
mocxadebisaTvis;
g) gamoucxadebel mxares droulad ar
ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Se-
saxeb;
d) ar arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris winapi-
robebi.
2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis à~, `b~ da
`g~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli erT-erTi ga-
remoebis arsebobisas sasamarTlo saqmis gan-
xilvas sxva droisaTvis niSnavs, ris Sesaxebac
atyobinebs gamoucxadebel mxares da saqmeSi
monawile sxva pirebs, xolo `d~„ qvepunqtSi
miTiTebuli sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebis
arsebobisas sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis war-
moebas 272-e muxlis Sesabamisad.
420
1. mxaris gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad sasamarT-

lo ver gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas, anu
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia
am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili garemoebebis
arsebobisas.
a) mowveulad iTvleba mxare, romelsac uwyeba gaeg-
zavna da Cabarda 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saq-
meSi unda iyos cnoba, rom mas am wesiT uwyeba Cabarda.
ar aris aucilebeli, rom uwyeba Cabardes uSualod mxa-
res. uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba maSinac, roca igi Ca-
barda misi ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs, an samuSao adgi-
lis administracias. (ix. 70-78-e muxlebis komentari).
b) dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSve-
belia maSinac, roca uwyeba Tumca kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT gaigzavna da Cabarda mxares, magram sasamarTlo-
saTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, rom-
lebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT mxaris sasamarTloSi
droulad gamocxadebisaTvis (miwisZvra, wyaldidoba
da a. S.). mniSvneloba ar aqvs, Tu romeli wyaroebidan
miiRo sasamarTlom es cnobebi (presa, radio, televi-
zia an sxva nebismieri wyaro).
g) 201-e muxli avaldebulebs sasamarTlos drou-
lad gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da TandarTuli
sabuTebis aslebi, agreTve yvela sxva masala, romelic
Seicavs informacias im faqtiuri garemoebebis Se-
saxeb, romlebic wamoyenebulia mis winaaRmdeg mo-
sarCelis mier. Tavis mxriv sasamarTlos evaleba dro-
ulad gadaugzavnos mosarCeles mopasuxis mier war-
modgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli, TandarTuli sabu-
Tis aslebi, Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. (203-e muxli).
_ `droulad ecnobos~ imas niSnavs, rom mxarem ase-
Ti informacia unda miiRos mTavar sxdomamde, ufro
zustad, momzadebis stadiaze, xolo gamonaklis Sem-
TxvevebSi am stadiis damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e mux-
li), magram im angariSiT, rom man SeZlos moemzados Ta-
vis dasacavad. saqmeSi unda arsebobdes cnoba, Tu ro-
dis gaegzavna mxares saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis
421
Semcveli cnobebi da amis mixedviT mosamarTlem unda

gaakeTos daskvna droulobaze.
d) sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi CamoTvlilia 186-
e muxlSi. Tu sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom SecdomiT miiRo
sarCeli, romelic ar unda mieRo, radgan ar arsebobda
misi miRebis winapirobebi, maSin man unda gamoitanos
ara dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba
saqmis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datove-
bis Sesaxeb (272-e da 275-e muxlebi).
2. imis mixedviT, Tu ra garemoebiTaa ganpirobebuli
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dauSveblo-
ba, am muxlis meore nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis ganxil-
vis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas an saqmis warmoebis Sew-
yvetas.
amasTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia ga-
vakeToT Semdegi Sinaarsis daTqma: sarCelis aRZvris
winapirobebi miTiTebulia 186-e muxlSi, xolo aRiare-
biTi sarCelis mimarT damatebiT 180-e muxlSi (ix. am
muxlebis komentari). Tu es winapirobebi ar arsebobs,
sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu Sec-
domiT miiRo, maSin _ imis mixedviT, romeli winapiroba
ar arsebobs _ unda Sewyvitos saqme an sarCeli ganu-
xilvelad datovos (272-e da 275-e muxlebi).
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobs
sarCelis aRZvris esa Tu is winapiroba, sasamarTlos Se-
iZleba mouxdes ara marto saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta,
rogorc es miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, aramed
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, imis mixedviT, Tu
sarCelis aRZvris romeli winapiroba ar arsebobs.
muxli 234. dauswrebeli

gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi un-

da Seesabamebodes 249-e muxlis moTxov-
nebs samotivacio nawilis Camoyalibebis ga-
reSe.
422
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi mokled, magram naT-

lad da garkveviT unda mieTiTos yvelafer imaze, rac
aucileblad unda aisaxos gadawyvetilebebSi saer-
Tod, samotivacio nawilis gareSe (249-e muxli). Tu da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamodis mopasuxis gamouc-
xadeblobis gamo, maSin dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos kanonze (materialur-samarT-
lebriv normaze), romlis safuZvelze sarCelSi mi-
TiTebuli garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleben mosa-
rCelis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
muxli 235. gadawyvetilebis aslis

gagzavna
mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasa-
marTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadawy-
vetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRis
ganmavlobaSi.
_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis aslis gadagzavna

warmoebs 70-78-e muxlebis mixedviT. igi Cabarebulad
iTvleba miuxedavad imisa, uSualod xelze Cabarda mas
es gadawyvetileba, Tu igi Cabarda am muxlebiT gaTva-
liswinebul pirebs. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxle-
bis mixedviT dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Cabarebis
Sesaxeb.

gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba
mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasa-
marTlo sxdomaze, ris gamoc mis winaaRm-
deg gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyveti-
leba, SeuZlia aseTi gadawyvetilebis ga-
momtan sasamarTloSi Seitanos saCivari
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa
da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb.
423
_ es muxli gansazRvravs Tu vis SeuZlia gaasaCiv-

ros dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da romel sasamarT-
loSi SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis (mxedvelobaSia pir-
veli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba) gasaCivreba.
_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCiv-
ros im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac is gamotanilia,
xolo, Tu igi pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-
baa, misi gasaCivreba unda moxdes im sasamarTloSi, ro-
melmac is gamoitana.

gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vada
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-

bis vadaa 10 dRe. am vadis gamoTvla iwyeba
im dRidan, rodesac mxares Cabarda dausw-
rebeli gadawyvetilebis asli. am vadis gas-
vlis Semdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.
_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis 10

dRiani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mxares
Cabarda am gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxlebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT misi Cabarebis Sesaxeb.
_ gasaCivrebis 10 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi da
igi SeiZleba aRsruldes iZulebiTi wesiT.
muxli 238. saCivris Sinaarsi

1. saCivari dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gadasinjvisa da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac
gamoitana dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba;
b) saCivris Semtani piris dasaxelebas;
424
g) garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben,

rom sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeb-
loba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT;
d) saCivris Semtani piris Txovnas, Tu ra
farglebSi unda Seicvalos gadawyvetileba;
e) saCivarze TandarTuli masalebis Ca-
monaTvals.
2. saCivari, romelsac xels awers mxare
an misi warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos wa-
redgineba imdeni aslis odenobiT, ramdeni
mxarec monawileobs saqmeSi.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs saCivris

Sinaarss, moTxovnebs, romlebsac es saCivari unda pa-
suxobdes.
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erTa-
derT safuZvels warmoadgens im mizezis sapatioba,
romelmac ganapiroba momCivanis gamoucxadebloba.
cxadia, rom saCivarSi sagangebo yuradReba unda mieq-
ces im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebic adasture-
ben sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis mizezis
sapatiobas (magaliTad, ar iyo mowveuli 70-78-e mux-
lebiT dadgenili wesiT, adgili hqonda dauZlevel Za-
las an sxva stiqiur movlenebs, droulad ar ecnoba
saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb da a. S.).
gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezis damtkicebis
tvirTi ekisreba momCivans. CaiTvalos Tu ara es mize-
zi sapatiod sabolood wyvets sasamarTlo.
_ saCivris Semtanma pirma SeiZleba moiTxovos ara
mTlianad dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, ga-
naxleba, Secvla, aramed mxolod misi nawilobriv gauq-
meba an Secvla. amitom, SeiZleba momCivanis gamoucxa-
debloba marTlac sapatio mizeziT iyo gamowveuli, mag-
ram sasamarTlom dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda ga-
auqmos da saqme ganixilos mxolod im nawilSi, ra nawil-
Siac amas momCivani moiTxovs. ise rogorc Cveulebrivi
425
(saboloo) gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis dros, sasamar-

Tlo am SemTxvevaSic ver gascdeba saCivris farglebs.
2. Tu saCivari dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Semo-
aqvs ara mxares, aramed mis warmomadgenels (advokats),
maSin am saCivars unda erTvodes specialuri ufleba-
mosileba (98-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
_ Tu dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCi-
vari ar pasuxobs am muxlSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, an
ar aris gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi im odenobiT, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia kerZo saCivrisaTvis (39-e muxlis
`d~ qvepunqti), sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas momCivans
xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu xarvezi am vadaSi ar iqneba
Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris
miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo.
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e
_ saCivris asli egzavnebaT mxareebs am saCivris daS-
vebisa da gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebas-
Tan erTad (ssk 239-e muxlis me-2 nawili)
muxli 239. sasamarTlos moqmedeba

saCivris miRebis Semdeg
1. mosamarTle, romelmac gamoitana da-

uswrebeli gadawyvetileba, sakiTxs saCiv-
ris miRebis Sesaxeb wyvets mxareTaTvis Se-
utyobineblad.
2. saCivris miRebis Taobaze mosamarTles
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniS-
nos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dRe, ris Se-
saxebac atyobinebs mxareebs. sasamarTlos
aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar
SeiZleba.
3. Tu saCivris miReba sasamarTlos ar
miaCnia dasaSvebad, mas gamoaqvs amis Sesa-
xeb ganCineba, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana.
426
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebebze saCivris miRebis

sakiTxs marTalia wyvets is mosamarTle, romelmac ga-
moitana gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, magram es imas
ar niSnavs, rom Tu raime mizezis gamo es mosamarTle
ver ganixilavs saCivars (xangrZliv mivlinebaSia, ga-
daiyvanes sxva sasamarTloSi, imyofeba samkurnalo da-
wesebulebaSi da a. S.), am sasamarTlos sxva mosamarT-
les ar SeuZlia misi ganxilva.
_ saCivris miReba-armiRebis (dasaSvebobis) sakiTxs
mosamarTle wyvets mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad. es
aris mosamarTlis ufleba da ara movaleoba. es imas niS-
navs, rom Tu saWirod da mizanSewonilad miaCnia, mas
SeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da maTi monawileobiT ga-
dawyvitos saCivris miRebis sakiTxi.
2. Tu saCivari dasaSvebia da misaRebia, mosamarT-
les gamoaqvs ganCineba misi gansaxilvelad miRebisa
da ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. saCivris ganxil-
va SeiZleba moxdes mxareTaTvis aucilebeli Setyobi-
nebiT. Setyobineba maT 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili we-
siT unda gaegzavnoT. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Se-
tana ar daiSveba.
3. Tu mosamarTles saCivari ar miaCnia dasaSvebad
imis gamo, rom gaSvebulia gasaCivrebis vada, ar Seavso
xarvezi, saCivari Semoitana arauflebamosilma pirma
da a. S. mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris mi-
Rebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo,
romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
muxli 240. axali gadawyvetileba

1. saCivari ganixileba sasamarTlo sx-
domaze. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ar
abrkolebs saCivris ganxilvas. Tu saCivris
ganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom dauswre-
beli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes, sasa-
marTlo ganCinebiT auqmebs dauswrebel
427
gadawyvetilebas, ris Semdegac iwyeba sar-

Celis ganxilva.
2. Tu ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawy-
vetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, sasamarT-
los gamoaqvs ganCineba saCivris daukmayo-
fileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyveti-
lebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.
3. sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris dak-
mayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da dauswrebe-
li gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis
Taobaze dauswrebel gadawyvetilebasTan
erTad gasaCivrdeba saapelacio wesiT.
4. gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveuli xar-
jebi daekisreba gamoucxadebel mxares imis-
gan damoukideblad, gasaCivrebis Sedegad
man saqme mTlianad moigo, Tu _ nawilobriv.
1. dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris gansaxil-

velad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT daniSnul dRes (239-
e muxlis me-2 nawili) gamarTul sxdomaze sasamarTlo
arkvevs hqonda Tu ara adgili garemoebebs, romleb-
mac xeli SeuSales mxaris gamocxadebas sasamarTlo-
Si, e. i. gamowveuli iyo Tu ara mxaris gamoucxadeblo-
ba sapatio mizeziT (233-e da 241-e muxlebi). esaa am sa-
samarTlo sxdomis gadasawyveti mTavari da ZiriTa-
di sakiTxi. Tu aseTi garemoebebi dadasturdeba, da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis
ganxilva unda ganaxldes (241-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivr-
deba. ise rogorc nebismieri sxva ganCineba, es ganCine-
bac SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes saTaTbiro oTaxSi gaus-
vlelad da oqmSi SetaniT (284-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
- am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT sa-
Civari, romelic miRebulia gansaxilvelad 239-e mux-
lis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes mx-
areTa (erT-erTis an orives) gamoucxadeblobis SemTx-
vevaSic, magram es wesi ver gavrceldeba sarCelis ganx-
428
ilvaze, e.i. Tu saCivris ganxilvaze ar gamocxadda erT-

erTi an orive mxare, sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs sar-
Cels: isini xom mowveuli iyvnen saCivris da ara sarCe-
lis ganxilvaze. garda amisa, saCivris dakmayofilebisa
da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saq-
mis ganxilva SeiZleba imave sxdomaze gagrZeldes, Tu
am sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxareebi an erT-erTi mxa-
re motivirebul uars ar acxadebs amis winaaRmdeg da
sasamarTlos azriT Tu arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis yve-
la piroba, kerZod, Tu saWiro araa mowmeebis, eqsper-
tebis, specialistebis da a. S. mowveva da dakiTxva.
_ Tu saqmis ganxilva amave sxdomaze araa SesaZle-
beli, sasamarTlo axlo momavalSi mTavar sxdomas da-
niSnavs ris Sesaxebac iqve acnobebs mxareebs da afrT-
xilebs maT gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, ra-
sac oqmSi xelismoweriT adastureben mxareebi. mxares,
an saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs (mowmeebs, eqspertebs,
specialistebs), romlebic am sxdomas ar eswrebodnen,
sasamarTlo atyobinebs axali sxdomis Sesaxeb 70-78-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT. aseTi wesiT saqmis ganxil-
vis Semdeg, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs axali gadawyve-
tileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis an dakmayofile-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba gasaCiv-
rdes saapelacio wesiT.
2. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetile-
bis gauqmebis Taobaze Semotanili saCivari araa dasa-
buTebuli, e. i. mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar iyo gamow-
veuli sapatio mizeziT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCi-
nebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.
3. rogorc ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze ua-
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ise axali gadawyvetileba SeiZle-
ba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
4. xarjebi, romlebic mxareebma gaswies dauswrebe-
li gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, nawildeba mxareebs
Soris 53-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari),
e. i. Cveulebrivi wesiT.
429
_ gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveul xarjebSi igulis-

xmeba mxolod is xarjebi, rac gamowveulia dauswre-
bel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris ganxilviT, am saCivris
ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCi-
nebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivrebiT. am xarje-
bis gadaxda daekisreba im mxares, visi gamoucxadeb-
lobis gamoc iyo gamotanili gasaCivrebuli dauswre-
beli gadawyvetileba. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar
aqvs vis sasargeblod damTavrda dauswrebel gadawy-
vetilebaze Setanili saCivris ganxilva.

gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
safuZvlebi
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauq-

mdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes, Tu ar-
sebobs 233-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sa-
fuZvlebi, an Tu mxaris gamoucxadebloba
gamowveuli iyo sxva sapatio mizeziT, rom-
lis Sesaxebac mas ar SeeZlo Tavis droze
ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs im garemoebaTa wres, ro-

melTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi dauswrebeli gadawyve-
tileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes.
es garemoebebi miTiTebulia 233-e muxlis pirvel na-
wilSi (ix. am muxlis komentari), magram am muxlis Camo-
naTvali araa amomwuravi. momCivans SeuZlia miuTiTos
sxva iseT garemoebebze, magaliTad, satransporto
SemTxvevaze (avtoavariaze), roca igi midioda sasamar-
Tlo sxdomaze da, romlis Sesaxeb mas ar SeeZlo dro-
ulad ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis.
_ im garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi, romlebzec
miuTiTebs mxare Tavis saCivarSi, rogorc gamoucxadeb-
lobis sapatio mizezze ekisreba momCivans. am garemoe-
430
baTa Sefaseba im TvalsazrisiT Tu ramdenad sapatioa

gamoucxadebloba _ sasamarTlos uflebamosilebaa.
muxli 242. ganmeorebiTi

dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
1. mxares ara aqvs ufleba, saCivari Seit-
anos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-
bis moTxovniT, Tu mis mimarT erTxel ukve
gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
2. sasamarTlos ganmeorebiT dauswrebel
gadawyvetilebaze SeiZleba mxolod saa-
pelacio saCivris Setana.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare ar gamocxaddeba

sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelzec pirveli dauswre-
beli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg ganixileba
saqme arsebiTad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganmeorebi-
Ti dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. ganmeorebiTi da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetileba aris gadawyvetileba, ro-
melic meoredaa gamotanili erTi da igive piris da-
uswreblobis gamo. amitom, dauswrebeli gadawyveti-
leba, romelic Tumca meored gamoaqvs sasamarTlos,
magram ara im piris mimarT viszec adre iyo gamotanili
pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba -ar iqneba gan-
meorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da igi SeiZ-
leba gasaCivrdes rogorc pirveli dauswrebeli gadaw-
yvetileba.
2. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba aRar
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. igi
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod saapelacio (366-e mux-
li) an sakasacio wesiT (392-e muxli).
431
T a v i XXVI I
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba
muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba

1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos dad-
genileba, romliTac saqme wydeba arsebi-
Tad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetile-
bis formiT.
2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegi-
ur sasamarTlos, igi dadgenil unda iqnes
xmebis umravlesobiT. arc erT mosamarT-
les ara aqvs ufleba Tavi Seikavos xmis
micemisagan. Tavmjdomare xmas aZlevs mosa-
marTleebis Semdeg. mosamarTles, romelic
ar eTanxmeba umravlesobas, SeuZlia weri-
lobiT Camoayalibos Tavisi gansxvavebuli
azri. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes,
magram sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi ar
gamocxaddeba. mosamarTleebs ufleba ara
aqvT gaaxmauron TaTbiris dros gamarTu-
li msjeloba.
1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ramdenime saxis dadgeni-

leba, rogoricaa ganCineba, gadawyvetileba, gadaxdis
brZaneba, brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb.
ganCineba _ esaa sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac
saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba (284-e muxli). gadaxdis
brZaneba _ esaa davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli sasamarTlos
dadgenileba, romelic avalebs mowinaaRmdege mxares
(movales) gadaixados am brZanebaSi miTiTebuli Tanxa
(303-e muxli). brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis
Sesaxeb _ esaa saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli
sasamarTlos dadgenileba, lizingis sagnis gamcemis
432
mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb

(3096-e muxli).
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba _ esaa saqarTvelos
saxeliT gamotanili sasamarTlos dadgenileba, rom-
liTac saqme arsebiTad wydeba.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs kolegiuri sa-
samarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis wess. gan-
sxvavebuli azri, romelic aqvs kolegiuri sasamarT-
los ama Tu im wevrs, ar gamocxaddeba, magram Tu igi
werilobiT iqneba Camoyalibebuli, daerTvis saqmes.
gansxvavebuli azris werilobiT Camoyalibebis mova-
leoba ar arsebobs. gansxvavebuli azris qona mosamar-
Tlis uflebaa da ara movaleoba. radgan gansxvavebu-
li azri daerTvis saqmes, misi gacnobis ufleba aqvT
mxareebs, radgan maT àqvT ufleba gaecnon saqmis ma-
salebs~ (83-e muxli).
muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic unda

gadawydes gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis dros
gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sasamarTlo

afasebs mtkicebulebebs, gansazRvravs, Tu
saqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone ro-
meli garemoebebia dadgenili da romeli _
daudgeneli, romeli kanoni unda iqnes ga-
moyenebuli am saqmeze da dakmayofilebul
unda iqnes Tu ara sarCeli.
_ jer kidev saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde da gadaw-

yvetilebis gamotanamde sasamarTlos ukve aqvs Camo-
yalibebuli Tavisi mosazrebebi saqmeSi arsebul mtki-
cebulebaTa Sesaxeb, maT Sefasebas sasamarTlo iwyebs
jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze da sasamarTlo
sxdomaze, sadac mxareebi zepirad ayalibeben TavianT
mosazrebebs am mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb. miuxedavad
amisa, sasamarTlo saTaTbiro oTaxSi kidev erTxel da
433
sabolood afasebs mtkicebulebebs jer erTi, maTi

sarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT da me-
ore, ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba maT safuZvelze
mtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtobrivi garemoebebis
arseboba _ ararsebobis Sesaxeb. swored aq, saTaTbiro
oTaxSi, gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis win, sasamarT-
lom sabolood unda gaarkvios: a) saqmeSi arsebuli ro-
meli mtkicebuleba unda CaiTvalos sarwmunod (ut-
yuarad) da romeli ara; b) saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqo-
ne romeli garemoeba (romelzec mxareebi amyareben Ta-
vianT moTxovnasa da Sesagebels) iTvleba damtkice-
bulad da romeli ara; g) romeli garemoebebis Sesaxeb
ar davoben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); d) romeli kano-
ni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da dakmayofildes Tu ara
sarCeli. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba mxo-
lod am sakiTxebis gadaWriT (249-e muxli), magram es is
fundamenturi sakiTxebia, romelTa gadaWris gareSe
gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeuZlebelia.
_ amasTan erTad sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetile-
biT pasuxi unda gasces sarCelSi wamoyenebul da ganxi-
lul yvela moTxovnas. rogorc sasarCelo gancxadebi-
dan da sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsidan irkveva _ naTqva-
mia sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ mo-
sarCele sasamarTloSi ayenebda or moTxovnas. saape-
lacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba, magram axa-
li gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros ar gadawyvita ori-
ve moTxovna, riTac daarRvia ssk-is 244-e muxlis dana-
wesi. `saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dros saapelacio pala-
tam unda imsjelos kasatoris orive moTxovnaze da ka-
nonis Sesabamisad gadawyvitos dayenebuli sakiTxebi~.31
muxli 245. nawilobrivi

gadawyvetileba
1. Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebuli ram-
31
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #5,2001,gv.565
434
denime moTxovnidan, agreTve ramdenime mo-

sarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis mi-
marT wardgenili moTxovnebidan erT-erTi
garkveulia da momzadebulia gadawyveti-
lebis gamosatanad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mxareTa TxovniT gamoitanos nawilobrivi
gadawyvetileba am moTxovnis mimarT.
2. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, dainte-
resebuli mxaris TxovniT, sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia gamoitanos im SemTxvevaSic, rode-
sac aRZruli iyo Segebebuli sarCeli, gar-
kveulia da gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad
momzadebulia erT-erTi _ sarCeli an Sege-
bebuli sarCeli.
1. a) mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos

am sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime moTxovna erTi da
imave mopasuxis mimarT (182-e muxlis pirveli nawi-
li).
Tu ramdenime moTxovnidan erT-erTi, an maTi nawi-
li ukve garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad, sasamar-
Tlos SeuZlia gamoitanos maT mimarT nawilobrivi ga-
dawyvetileba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs
amis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia dainteresebuli mxare da
ara aucileblad orive mxare erTdroulad.
b) ramdenime mosarCeles SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli
erTi an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT (86-e muxli). Tu am
ramdenime mosarCelis moTxovnidan erT-erTi mosar-
Celis moTxovna garkveulia da mzadaa gadawyvetile-
bis gamosatanad _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos na-
wilobrivi gadawyvetileba dainteresebuli mxaris
SuamdgomlobiT am moTxovnis mimarT.
2. rogorc wesi, ZiriTad da Segebebul sarCelze ga-
modis erTiani gadawyvetileba. es Segebebuli sarCe-
lis aRZvris erT-erTi mizanicaa (188-e muxlis pirve-
li nawili). magram Tu garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawy-
vetad erT-erTi maTgani (ZiriTadi an Segebebuli), sa-
435
samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba am

erT-erTi sarCelis mimarT, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli
unda iyos am nawilobriv gadawyvetilebaSi. yvela Sem-
TxvevaSi Segebebuli sarCelis uyuradRebod datove-
ba, rogorc amis Sesaxeb miuTiTa sakasacio sasamarT-
lom, yovlad dauSvebelia.32
muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri)

gadawyvetileba
1. Tu sadavoa sasarCelo moTxovnis ro-

gorc faqtobrivi safuZveli, aseve am moT-
xovnis moculoba (odenoba), sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gamoitanos winaswari gadawyveti-
leba sasarCelo moTxovnis faqtobrivi sa-
fuZvlis Sesaxeb.
2. aseTi winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZ-
leba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT. kanoni-
er ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg mas eqneba prei-
udiciuli Zala sasamarTlos meore gadaw-
yvetilebisaTvis, romelic moTxovnis mo-
culobas gansazRvravs.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, winaswari (Su-

aleduri) ewodeba iseT gadawyvetilebas, romelic ga-
modis sarCelis mxolod erT-erTi elementis, kerZod,
misi safuZvlis mimarT. sarCelis safuZvelSi Sedian
da mas qmnian garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba da rom-
lebic faqtobrivad asabuTeben mis meore elements _
sarCelis sagans anu sasarCelo moTxovnas.
_ aseTi winaswari gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeiZ-
leba gamarTlebuli iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, ro-
desac moTxovnis faqtobrivi safuZveli dadgenilia
da raime eWvs ar iwvevs, xolo TviTon moTxovnis mocu-
lobis (odenobis) dadgena Tu gansazRvra dakavSire-
32
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#4, gv.382
436
bulia mravalricxovan gaangariSebebTan, moTxovnili

sagnebis moculobis, odenobisa da xarisxis gansazRv-
rasTan da a. S.
2. winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
ara marto saapelacio wesiT, aramed sakasacio wesiT
Tu igi gamotanilia saapelacio sasamarTlos mier.
aseT winaswar gadawyvetilebas, Tu igi Seva kanonier
ZalaSi, eqneba preiudiciuli Zala, meore, e. i. moT-
xovnis moculobis ganmsazRvreli gadawyvetilebisaT-
vis. es imas niSnavs, rom winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawy-
vetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi aRar
saWiroeben kvlav dadgenas da dadasturebas meore ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotanisas, romelic moTxovnis mocu-
lobas gansazRvravs.
muxli 247. gadawyvetilebis

Camoyalibeba
1. gadawyvetilebas werilobiTi formiT
Camoayalibebs mosamarTle.
2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegi-
ur sasamarTlos, gadawyvetilebas Camoaya-
libebs am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare an erT-
erTi mosamarTle da xels awers yvela mo-
samarTle, romlebic monawileobdnen mis
dadgenaSi, maT Soris, gansxvavebuli azris
mqone mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebaSi Seta-
nil Sesworebas SeniSvna unda gaukeTdes
mosamarTleTa xelmowerebis win.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlo gadawyveti-

lebis formas, gadawyvetileba SeiZleba Camoyalibdes
werilobiTi formiT.
2. gadawyvetilebas wers mosamarTle. Tu saqmes ixi-
lavs kolegiuri sasamarTlo, maSin gadawyvetileba Se-
iZleba daweros erT-erTma mosamarTlem, maT Soris ko-
legiuri sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem. rogorc wesi, ga-
437
dawyvetilebas wers momxsenebeli mosamarTle. gadaw-

yvetilebas xels awers yvela mosamarTle, maT Soris
mosamarTle, romelic ar eTanxmeba umravlesobiT mi-
Rebul am gadawyvetilebas da aqvs Tavisi gansxvavebu-
li pozicia.
_ arsebobs gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis
ori wesi, erTi _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucileblo-
ba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi da meore _ roca Ses-
worebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba gadawy-
vetilebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg.
_ Tu Sesworebis (SeniSvnis) aucilebloba warmoi-
Soba saTaTbiro oTaxSi, maSin TviTon gadawyvetile-
baSi SeiZleba gakeTdes es Sesworeba (Casworeba), amas-
Tan, Tu sityva an fraza unda gadaiSalos, aseTi gadaS-
la ise unda moxdes, rom SesaZlebeli iyos imis amo-
kiTxva, Tu ra ewera iq gadaSlamde, xolo mis Tavze un-
da moxdes Camateba. gadawyvetilebaSi unda Caiweros:
èndeT Casworebuls~ da xeli unda moaweros yvela im
mosamarTlem, romlebic xels aweren gadawyvetilebas.
dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis xelmeored Camoyali-
beba Tu Casworebebi bevria.
_ Sesworebebis (gasworebebis) Setana gadawyveti-
lebis gamocxadebis Semdeg SeiZleba moxdes 260-e mux-

gadawyvetilebebis farglebi
sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos

Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT mxares is, rac mas
ar uTxovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiT-
xovda.
_ es muxli dispoziciurobis principis erT-erTi

konkretuli gamovlinebaa. sasamarTlo SeboWilia mo-
sarCelis moTxovnis farglebiT, mopasuxis Segebebu-
li moTxovnis, agreTve mesame piris sasarCelo moT-
438
xovnis farglebiT. moTxovnis (sarCelis sagnis) Secv-

lis an misi gadidebis ufleba aqvs mxolod mosarCe-
les (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba unda Seicavdes pa-
suxs mosarCelis mier gancxadebul moTxovnaze, daak-
mayofilos igi mTlianad an nawilobriv, an kidev uari
Tqvas mis dakmayofilebaze. e. i. sasamarTlos sruli
ufleba aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze naklebi,
vidre igi moiTxovda, Tu sruli moculobiT gancxade-
buli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis safuZveli ver das-
turdeba, magram mas ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos mo-
sarCeles imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda, saqmis masa-
lebiT kidec rom dasturdebodes ufro metis moTxov-
nis safuZveli. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auq-
mebs gadawyvetilebas, rodesac darRveulia am muxlis
danawesi.33
muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi
1. gadawyvetileba Sedgeba Sesavali, aR-

werilobiTi, samotivacio da sarezolu-
cio nawilebisagan.
2. gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi aRi-
niSneba misi gamotanis dro da adgili,
gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos da-
saxeleba da Semadgenloba, sasamarTlo sxdo-
mis mdivani, mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, da-
vis sagani.
3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi nawi-
li unda Seicavdes miTiTebas mosarCelis
moTxovnasa da mopasuxis Sesagebelze.
4. gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi
unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos mier dadge-
nili garemoebani, mtkicebulebani, romleb-
sac emyareba sasamarTlos daskvnebi, mo-
33
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000,#3, gv.113.
439
sazrebani, romlebiTac sasamarTlo uar-

yofs ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, da kanone-
bi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvane-
lobda.
5. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili
unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas sar-
Celis dakmayofilebis an sarCelze mTlia-
nad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,
miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawile-
bis Taobaze, agreTve miTiTebas gadawy-
vetilebis gasaCivrebis vadasa da wesze.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarT-

lo gadawyvetilebis struqturas. gadawyvetileba
zustad unda pasuxobdes am struqturas da Camoya-
libdes im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorsac es muxli gvTa-
vazobs.
2. Tu gadawyvetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli misi gamo-
tanis adgili, maSin iTvleba, rom sasamarTlos misamar-
Ti aris misi gamotanis adgili. gadawyvetilebaSi miTi-
Tebuli misi gamomtani sasamarTlos dasaxeleba unda
emTxveodes oqmSi miTiTebul sasamarTlos Semadgen-
lobas. Tu ar emTxveva _ es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyve-
tilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, radgan gadawyvetileba
gamotanilia ara im mosamarTleebis mier, romlebmac
ganixiles saqme, e. i. sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semad-
genlobis mier (394-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti).
_ gadawyvetilebis miRebis TariRi unda emTxveo-
des im dRes, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyveti-
leba (sarezolucio Tu motivirebuli). arasworia praq-
tika, rodesac motivirebuli gadawyvetileba im Tari-
RiT gamoaqvT, rac gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio na-
wils hqonda. sasamarTlos ar ekadreba tyuili, magram
amis araviTari aucileblobac araa: kanoni uflebas aZ-
levs sasamarTlos gadados motivirebuli gadawyveti-
lebis gamotana 14 dRiT (257-e muxli).
3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiT nawilSi mokled
440
magram naTlad da gasagebad unda aRiniSnos: a) sasar-

Celo moTxovnis Sinaarsi, xolo Tu mosarCelem Secva-
la Tavisi moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), unda aRiniSnos
raSi gamoixateba es cvlileba; b) garemoebebi, romleb-
sac emyareba sarCeli; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac
miuTiTebs mosarCele am garemoebebis dasadastureb-
lad; d) mopasuxis Sesageblis mokle Sinaarsi; e) gare-
moebebi, romlebsac emyareba Sesagebeli; v) mtkicebu-
lebebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs mopasuxe Tavisi Sesa-
geblis dasadastureblad. igive unda iTqvas Segebe-
buli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis Sinaarsis gad-
mocemaze, Tu isini aRZruli iyo.
aqve aRwerilobiT nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos
mxareTa mier warmodgenili da gadawyvetilebisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone romel garemoebebze ar davoben
mxareebi da romeli aris sadavo, ris gamoc maT mimarT
Segrovda mtkicebulebebi.
4. samotivacio nawili gadawyvetilebis erT-erTi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. aq xdeba gadawyveti-
lebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTeba.
gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili mTlianad sa-
samarTlos Semoqmedebaa, radgan aq poulobs Tavis
konkretul gamoxatulebas misi Sinagani rwmena, ro-
melic mas Camouyalibda saqmis masalebze dayrdnobiT
da kanoni, romelic misi azriT unda iqnes gamoyenebu-
li am konkretuli davis gadawyvetisaTvis.
samotivacio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) faq-
tebi, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb ar da-
voben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); b) faqtebi, romle-
bic dadgenilad cno sasamarTlom mtkicebulebe-
bis gamoyenebiT, maT Soris mxareTa aRiarebiT; g) mtki-
cebulebebi, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlo da am
mtkicebulebaTa mokle analizi.
_ mas Semdeg, rac zedmiwevniT naTlad, gasagebad
da amomwuravad iqneba miTiTebuli faqtobriv gare-
moebebze, romlebic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgeni-
lad, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos im materialur sa-
441
marTlebriv normaze (normebze), romlis mixedviTac

Seafasa man dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi, agreT-
ve daasabuTos am normis gamoyenebis mizanSewoni-
loba. miTiTebuli unda iyos normis (kanonis) nawili,
punqti, qvepunqti da a. S.
sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawy-
vetilebas, Tu samotivacio nawilSi araa miTiTebuli
mtkicebulebebze, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlos
daskvnebi da kanonebze, romelTa safuZvelze moaxdi-
na sasamarTlom dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis
iuridiuli Sefaseba.34
5. sarezolucio nawili unda Camoyalibdes impera-
tiuli formiT, rom ar warmoiSvas araviTari eWvebi. saq-
me isaa, rom sarezolucio nawili mTlianad gadadis sa-
aRsrulebo furcelSi. amitom, aq zedmiwevniT gasage-
bad unda iyos miTiTebuli, dakmayofilda sarCeli
mTlianad Tu nawilobriv, Tu nawilobriv _ romel na-
wilSi dakmayofilda da sarCelis romel nawilSi uari
eTqva mosarCeles, konkretulad ra moqmedeba unda
Seasrulos mopasuxem (gadasces mosarCeles nivTi,
fuli da a.S. ix. 261-e muxli). sarezolucio nawilSi sru-
lad unda iyos miTiTebuli mxareTa gvari, saxeli, mi-
samarTi, iuridiuli piris saxelwodeba da misamarTi
(ise, rogorc mis wesdebaSia).
_ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tavisebure-
ba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos 254-258-e muxlebiT dad-
genili wesebis gamoyenebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs gadawyvetile-
bis sarezolucio nawilSi sasamarTlo xarjebis mxare-
Ta Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi. aq aucileblad unda iyos
miTiTebuli, romeli mxarisagan da ra odenobiT unda
iqnes gadaxdevinebuli es xarjebi, agreTve romeli mxa-
rea ganTavisuflebuli am xarjebisagan.
_ bolos, sarezolucio nawilSi aucileblad unda
mieTiTos Tu ra wesiT SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis ga-
34
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.663, #10, 2002, gv.1874.
442
saCivreba, kerZod, a) romel sasamarTloSi (saapelacio,

sakasacio) SeiZleba misi gasaCivreba; b) ra vadaSi; g) ro-
mel sasamarTloSi unda iqnes Setanili saCivari.35

sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibeba
Tu mxareebi moiTxoven gadawyvetilebas da-
sabuTebis gareSe im motiviT, rom eTanxmebian
am gadawyvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasa-
Civrebaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Semoifarg-
los gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis
CamoyalibebiT. mosamarTle ekiTxeba mxareebs,
surT Tu ara dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileb-
is miReba da asaCivreben Tu ara mocemul
gadawyvetilebas. Tu mxareebi uars amboben
mis gasaCivrebaze, maT aseTi gancxadeba unda
daadasturon TavianTi xelmowerebiT.
_ motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana sasamar-

Tlos movaleobaa.
mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarTlos Se-
moifarglos gadawyvetilebis mxolod sarezolucio
nawilis CamoyalibebiT: Tu mxareebi eTanxmebian gadaw-
yvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasaCivrebaze.
_ mxareTa aseTi gancxadeba unda aisaxos oqmSi da
dadasturdes maTive xelmoweriT. mxareebs SeuZliaT
erToblivi gancxadebiTac mimarTon amis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos, romelic daerTvis oqms.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara
sarezolucio, aramed motivirebuli gadawyvetileba,
maSin erTaderTi, razedac mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanx-
mdnen esaa am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze uaris
Tqma (370-e muxli).
35
dawvrilebiT gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio da
sarezolucio nawilebis agebis Sesaxeb ix.h.boelingi,l.Wanturia
„samoqalaqo saqmeebze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis
meTodika“. g-ba „jisiai“, Tb. 2003
443

aRsrulebis wesisa da vadis
gansazRvra. aRsrulebis
uzrunvelyofa
Tu sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetileb-
is aRsrulebis gansazRvrul wessa da va-
das, an miiRebs zomebs gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad, amis Sesax-
eb miTiTebuli unda iqnes gadawyvetile-
baSi.
_ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili nebismier

saqmeze gamotanil yvela gadawyvetilebaSi daaxloe-
biT erTnairad unda Camoyalibdes, magram zogjer Se-
iZleba saWiro gaxdes damatebiT iseT garemoebaze mi-
TiTeba, rac Cveulebriv ar aisaxeba sxva gadawyvetile-
baSi. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawil-
Si SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom
mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Seasrulos moqmedeba mopasu-
xisagan aucilebeli xarjebis anazRaurebiT (254-e mux-
li), an kidev, bankSi mopasuxis romeli angariSidan Ca-
moiweros masze dakisrebuli Tanxa (252-e muxli), an uz-
runvelyofis romeli RonisZieba iqnes gamoyenebuli am
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad (271-
e muxli) da a. S. cxadia, rom es sakiTxebi SeiZleba ganCi-
nebiTac mowesrigdes, Tu maTi ganxilva da gadawyveta
moxda gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg.
muxli 252. gadawyvetileba

iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi
Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi Tanxebis ga-

daxdevinebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamo-
tanisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Su-
amdgomlobiT sarezolucio nawilSi miu-
444
TiTos gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze, agreT-

ve imaze, Tu bankSi mopasuxis romeli Tan-
xidan unda Camoiweros dakisrebuli Tanxa.
_ gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze da imaze, Tu bankSi

mopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros masze da-
kisrebuli Tanxa, dasaSvebia mxolod mxareTa Suamd-
gomlobiT. sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT am sakiTxs
ar wyvets.
aRsrulebis aseTi wesi uwinares yovlisa mimarTu-
lia movalis interesebis dacvisaken. magram Tu aRs-
ruleba am wesiT ver xerxdeba, maSin aseTi miTiTeba
srulebiT ar zRudavs aRmasrulebels. mopasuxe pa-
suxs agebs mTeli Tavisi qonebiT da sarezolucio na-
wilis aseTi miTiTebis miuxedavad aRmasrulebels Se-
uZlia mopasuxis sxva qonebidanac moaxdinos aRsru-
leba, Tu es ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver xerxdeba sare-
zolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli wesis dacviT.
muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebis

mikuTvnebis an misi Rirebulebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
qonebis naturiT mikuTvnebis dros sasa-

marTlo gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTebs am qo-
nebis Rirebulebaze, romelic unda gadax-
des mopasuxes, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsru-
lebisas aRniSnuli qoneba mas ar aRmoaCn-
deba.
_ am muxliT dadgenili wesi, warmoadgens gadawyve-

tilebis realurad aRsrulebis erT-erT garantias. igi
aTavisuflebs mosarCeles kvlav aRZras sarCeli qo-
nebis (nivTis) Rirebulebis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb
iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebiT mikuT-
vnebuli qoneba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisas ar
aRmoaCndeba movales (mopasuxes).
445
_ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvra unda moxdes Sem-

degnairad: Tu mikuTvnebuli qoneba individualurad
gansazRvruli nivTebisagan Sedgeba, maSin sasamarT-
lom unda gansazRvros TiToeuli nivTi cal-calke da
maTi saerTo Rirebuleba erTobliobaSi. xolo Tu mi-
kuTvnebuli nivTebi xasiaTdebian gvareobiTi niSne-
biT, maSin sasamarTlo gansazRvravs maT saerTo Rire-
bulebas.
_ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlos
muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelic

mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli
moqmedebis Sesrulebas
1. iseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, ro-

melic mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli moq-
medebis Sesrulebas, rac dakavSirebuli ar
aris qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gadace-
masTan, sasamarTlos imave gadawyvetileba-
Si SeuZlia miuTiTos, rom, Tu mopasuxe
gadawyvetilebas ar Seasrulebs dadgenil
vadaSi, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs es moqme-
deba Seasrulos mopasuxisagan aucilebeli
xarjebis anazRaurebiT.
2. Tu aRniSnuli moqmedeba SeiZleba Se-
asrulos mxolod mopasuxem, sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebaSi daadgens vadas, romlis
ganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba unda aRs-
ruldes.
1. am muxls ara aqvs mxedvelobaSi mopasuxis iseTi

moqmedeba, romelic dakavSirebulia mosarCelisaTvis
fuladi Tanxis, an raime qonebis gadacemasTan. Tu mo-
pasuxe ar gadauxdis mosarCeles gadawyvetilebiT gan-
sazRvrul Tanxas, an ar gadascems qonebas, maSin amas
446
gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis wesiT gaake-

Tebs aRmasrulebeli.
_ am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi
moqmedeba, romelsac Tu mopasuxe ar Seasrulebs SeuZ-
lia Seasrulos mosarCelem. magaliTad, sasamarTlom
daakmayofila sarCeli sacxovrebeli farTis gamoyofis
Sesaxeb, rac dakavSirebulia garkveuli sarekonstruq-
cio samuSaobis CatarebasTan, vTqvaT tixrebis amoSe-
nebasTan. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadawyvetilebaSi mi-
uTiTos, rom Tu mopasuxe garkveul vadaSi ar Seasru-
lebs am samuSaos, igi SeuZlia Seasrulos mosarCelem,
magram xarjebi, rac mosarCelem gaiRo am samuSaos Ses-
rulebisaTvis, unda aanazRauros mopasuxem.
2. aris iseTi moqmedeba, romlis Sesruleba damoki-
debulia mxolod da mxolod mopasuxis (movalis) neba-
ze da amitom, mas sxva ver Seasrulebs. magaliTad, pa-
tivisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi cnobebis uaryofa, bavS-
vis gadacema aRsazrdelad da sxva. Tu mopasuxe gadaw-
yvetilebiT daniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrulebs am moqme-
debas, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes RonisZiebebi,
romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia `saaRsrulebo warmoe-
baTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis 87-e muxliT (fuladi jarima, sis-
xlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba). am RonisZiebaTa ga-
moyenebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs miTiTe-
buli 87-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 255. gadawyvetileba

saxelmwifo organoebis,
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
organoebis, sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis
pirebis moqmedebebisa da
gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebis
Sesaxeb
1. saxelmwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTve-

lobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi orga-
447
nizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moq-

medebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakano-
nierad cnobis Sesaxeb sarCelis dakmayo-
filebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aseT moq-
medebas an gadawyvetilebas aRiarebs ara-
kanonierad, avalebs Sesabamis organosa Tu
Tanamdebobis pirs daakmayofilos moqala-
qis moTxovna, auqmebs mis mimarT gamoyene-
buli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebas an sxva
gziT aRadgens mis darRveul Tu sadavo
uflebasa da Tavisuflebas.
2. normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRi-
arebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis sarezolu-
cio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom
es aqti baTilad iTvleba misi miRebis mo-
mentidan.
3. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba norma-
tiuli aqtis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb unda
gamoqveyndes masobrivi informaciis im sa-
SualebiT, romelSic es normatiuli aqti
iyo gamoqveynebuli.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi igulisxmeba sasamarT-

los gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saxel-
mwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sa-
zogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da am organoebis Tanam-
debobis pirebis mimarT: a) maTi moqmedebis arakanoni-
erebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb da b) maT mier mi-
Rebuli gadawyvetilebis arakanonierad (baTilad)
cnobis Sesaxeb.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs am kategoriis saqmeebze
gamotanil sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa Sinaarss.
garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes ne-
bismier saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, am saqme-
ebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos: a) am muxlSi aRniSnuli organoebisa da Tanamde-
bobis pirebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaTa an moq-
448
medebaTa arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesa-

xeb; b) davaleba am organoebisadmi da Tanamdebobis pi-
risadmi daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna; g) mosar-
Celis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis Ronis-
Ziebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
2. gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos nor-
matiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebiT, sarezolu-
cio nawilSi unda mieTiTos am aqtis baTilad cnobis
Sesaxebac.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moT-
xovnas gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. mxed-
velobaSia ara mTeli gadawyvetileba, aramed mxolod
misi sarezolucio nawili. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebas Sei-
cavs saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeq-
sis 32-e muxlis me-6 nawili. romlis Tanaxmad `sasamar-
Tlo gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda ga-
moqveyndes imave wesiT, ra wesiTac iyo gamoqveynebu-
li normatiuli aqti~.36
muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenime

mosarCelis sasargeblod an
ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg
1. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ram-

denime mosarCelis sasargeblod, sasamarT-
lom unda miuTiTos, Tu ra wili ekuTvnis
TiToeul maTgans, an aRniSnos, rom gadax-
devinebis ufleba solidarulia.
2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ram-
denime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, sasamarTlom
unda miuTiTos, Tu TiToeulma mopasuxem
gadawyvetilebis ra wili unda Seasrulos,
an aRniSnos, rom maTi pasuxismgebloba so-
lidarulia.
36
ix. m.vaCaZe, i.Todria, m.turava, n.wkeplaZe. saqarTvelos
administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, Tb. 2005, gv.188
449
Tanamonawileobis dros (86-e muxli) sarCeli SeiZ-

leba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelis
mier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi gveqneba mosarCeleebisa da mopasuxeebis sim-
ravle.
1. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos Ta-
visi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi Tu ra wi-
li ekuTvnis TiToeul mosarCeles, roca gadawyve-
tileba maT sasargeblodaa gamotanili, aseTi movale-
obisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca mosarCele-
ebi solidaruli kreditorebi arian, rogorc amas sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis 455-262-e muxlebi iTvaliswinebs.
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uTiTebs Tavisi gadawy-
vetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom gadaxdevineba
solidarulia.
2. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos
Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom
TiToeulma mopasuxem gadawyvetilebis ra nawili un-
da Seasrulos. aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Ta-
visufldeba, roca pasuxismgebloba solidarulia (sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis 463-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac miTi-
Tebuli unda iyos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio na-
wilSi.
muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotana
1. saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Semdeg cxad-

deba gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-
ili. saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidan
gamomdinare gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba
SeiZleba gadaidos sxva droisaTvis. das-
abuTebuli gadawyvetileba gamocxaddeba,
Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad miiC-
nevs. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romel-
mac gamoacxada gadawyvetileba, ganmartavs
450
am gadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivre-

bis wessa da vadas.
2. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawi-
lis gamocxadebidan 14 dRis vadaSi sasa-
marTlo amzadebs dasabuTebul gadaw-
yvetilebas mxareTaTvis gadasacemad.
3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gansazRvruli
vada sakasacio sasamarTlosTvis Seadgens
erT Tves.
1. 257-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praq-

tikul sakiTxs awesrigebs:
pirveli - esaa gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-
ilis gamocxadeba. sarezolucio nawili unda gamocx-
addes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis damTavrebis Semdeg,
magram saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidan gamom-
dinare gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocx-
adebac SeiZleba gadaidos. sasamarTlom aucileblad
unda gaakeTos gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom saqmis ganx-
ilva damTavrda da gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-
ili gamocxadebuli iqneba garkveul dResa da saaTze.
gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawils xels unda awer-
des mosamarTle an mosamarTleebi, romlebmac igi mi-
iRes. es sarezolucio nawili Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu mas
xels ar awers mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi) aseTi sar-
ezolucio nawili ar iTvleba gamotanilad da gamocx-
adebulad. es miT umetes aucilebelia iseT pirobeb-
Si, rodesac mxareebi saerTod ar moiTxoven dasabuTe-
buli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (ix. 250-e muxlis ko-
mentari).
meore - dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxade-
ba damokidebulia sasamarTlos mixedulebaze. Tu das-
dabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba mizanSe-
wonilad miaCnia sasamarTlos, maSin man unda ganu-
martos mxareebs misi Sinaarsi, gasaCivrebis wesi da
vada.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs pirveli da
451
saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier dasabuTebuli gada-

wyvetilebis Camoyalibebis vadas. es vada damokide-
bulia gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocx-
adebaze da Seadgens 14 dRes misi gamocxadebidan.
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis gadadebis va-
das es muxli ar gansazRvravs. sasamarTlo yovelnair-
ad unda Seecados ar gadados misi gamocxadeba, magram,
Tu mainc gadadebs es unda moxdes rac SeiZleba mokle
vadiT (vTqvaT, araumetes 3 dRiT).
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba ar gamocx-
addes (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawili), magram misi asle-
bi aucileblad unda gadaeces mxareebs.
- damoukideblad imisa, Tu ras acxadebs sasamarT-
lo - gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tu das-
abuTebul (motivirebul) gadawyvetilebas, isini
Camoyalibebuli unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da
xels awerdes mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi). gadaw-
yvetilebis gamocxadebas unda eswrebodes saqmis gan-
mxilveli yvela mosamarTle.
gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada unda
Camoyalibdes TviTon motivirebul gadawyvetilebaSi.
magram, Tu gamocxadda mxolod sarezolucio nawili
masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos da mxareebs unda ganemar-
tos, rom gasaCivrebis vada daiwyeba dasabuTebuli (mo-
tivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis, gadagzavnis
Tu gamocxadebis momentidan (369-e da 397-e muxlebi).
3. dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis vada sakasacio sasamarTloSi Seadgens erT
Tves sakasacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis sar-
ezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan.
452
muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebis

gagzavna mxareebisaTvis
mxareebs, TavianTi gancxadebis safuZvelze,
gadaecemaT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis
aslebi ara ugvianes 3 dRisa gancxadebis
Semotanidan. gadawyvetilebis aslebs xels
awers sasamarTlos kancelariis mdivani da
usvams sasamarTlos beWeds.
_ am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs mxareebi, romlebic

eswrebodnen sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamocxade-
bas. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia aramarto motivi-
rebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed gadawyvetilebis sa-
rezolucio nawilic (257-e muxli).
_ rac Seexeba mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebodnen
motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas, ase-
Ti motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis damowmebuli asli
maT egzavnebaT sasamarTlos iniciativiT. saqme isaa,
rom gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi saape-
lacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis
Semdeg. es vada ki iwyeba im dRidan, roca igi gadaecema
mxares (igulisxmeba gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone mxa-
re garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca gadawyvetilebis
gamocxadebas eswreboda saCivris Setanis uflebis
mqone piri (369-e da 397-e muxlebi). gadawyvetilebis
gadacemis momentad ki iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis as-
lis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an
misi mxarisaTvis gadagzavna 70-78-e muxlebiT dadge-
nili wesiT.
453
muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSi

usworobaTa da aSkara ariTmetikuli
Secdomebis gasworeba
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT

an Tavisi iniciativiT gaasworos gadawyve-
tilebaSi daSvebuli usworobani an aSkara
ariTmetikuli Secdomebi. Tu sasamarTlos
mizanSewonilad miaCnia, SesworebaTa Se-
tanis sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sasamar-
Tlo sxdomaze. mxareebs ecnobebaT sxdo-
mis dro da adgili, magram maTi gamoucxa-
debloba ar warmoadgens dabrkolebas ga-
dawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis sakiT-
xis ganxilvisaTvis.
2. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba
1. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis wesi mas Sem-

deg, rac igi gamocxadda an gadaeca mxareebs, gansxvav-
deba im wesisagan, rasac iTvaliswinebs 247-e muxli jer
kidev gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebamde masSi Seswore-
bis SetanisaTvis (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg masSi Ses-
worebis Setana SeiZleba aramarto sasamarTlos ini-
ciativiT, aramed mxareTa da, agreTve, aRmasruleblis
iniciativiTac.
_ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebaSi iseTi Sesworebis
Setana, romelic arsebiTad cvlis gadawyvetilebas,
mis azrsa da Sinaarss. dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi Seswo-
rebebisa da dazustebebis Setana, rogoricaa magali-
Tad, mxareTa gvari, saxeli, mamis saxeli, Tu mxare iu-
ridiuli piria _ misi saxelwodebis aRniSvna ise, ro-
gorc es am iuridiuli piris wesdebaSia da a. S. agreTve
ariTmetikul Secdomebi, romlebmac gamoiwvia gada-
saxdevinebeli Tanxis odenobis aSkarad Semcireba an
454
gadideba, magaliTad, aklia cifri `0~ an sxva nebismie-

ri cifri, rac ise cvlis Tanxis odenobas, rom saqmis
masalebidan gamomdinare, aSkarad ar Seesabameba moT-
xovnis odenobas, ris Sesaxebac iyo msjeloba sasamar-
Tlos sxdomaze.
_ gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis raime
vadebi gaTvaliswinebuli araa. es imas niSnavs, rom sa-
samarTlos es SeuZlia gaakeTos gadawyvetilebis aRs-
rulebis damTvarebamde. rac Seexeba aRiarebiT sarCe-
lebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebs, romelTa iZule-
biTi aRsruleba ar xdeba maTSi Sesworebebis Setana
araa Semofargluli raime vadiT.
muxli 261. damatebiTi

gadawyvetileba
1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarT-

los SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT an mxare-
Ta TxovniT gamoitanos damatebiTi gadaw-
yvetileba, Tu:
a) im moTxovnis gamo, romlis Sesaxebac
mxareebma waradgines mtkicebulebani da
misces axsna-ganmartebani, gadawyvetileba
ar gamotanila;
b) sasamarTlos, romelmac gadawyvita uf-
lebis sakiTxi, ar miuTiTebia gadasaxdeli
Tanxis odenoba, gadasacemi qoneba an moq-
medeba, romelic mopasuxem unda Seasru-
los;
g) sasamarTlos ar gadauwyvetia sasamar-
Tlo xarjebis sakiTxi.
2. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamota-
nis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas gadawyveti-
lebis gamocxadebidan 7 dRis ganmavloba-
Si. am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba.
3. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba sasamarT-
los gamoaqvs sasamarTlo sxdomaze, rom-
455
lis Sesaxebac ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram

maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs
aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas.
4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba
gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
5. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamota-
naze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gan-
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs damate-

biTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebs, romelTa
gaTvaliswineba savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis.
a. pirveli pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyve-
tileba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iqnes gamota-
nili, Tu am saqmeze gamotanili ZiriTadi gadawyveti-
leba ar Seicavs pasuxs mxaris iseTi moTxovnis mimarT,
romelic marTalia iyo ganxilvis sagani, warmodgeni-
li iyo mtkicebulebebi am moTxovnis faqtobrivi da-
sabuTebisaTvis, e. i. moxda misi ganxilva am kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesiT, magram sasamarTlos ratomRac ga-
morCa mxedvelobidan mieRo gadawyvetileba am konk-
retuli moTxovnis mimarT. magaliTad, sasamarTlom ga-
moitana gadawyvetileba mopasuxeze valis gadaxdevi-
nebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, magram ar miiRo gadawyveti-
leba procentebis Sesaxeb, romlis Taobaze mosarCe-
lem waradgina mtkicebulebebi, moismina mxareTa axs-
na-ganmartebebi da a. S. an kidev, mosarCelem moiTxova
mopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba da masze binis qiris ga-
daxdevinebis dakisreba. sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawy-
vetilebiT daadgina mopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba,
magram araferi Tqva (gamorCa) masze binis qiris gadax-
devinebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetaze.
b) meore pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyveti-
leba SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes im SemTxvevaSiac, ro-
desac sasamarTlom marTalia daadgina rom dakmayo-
fildes sasarCelo moTxovna, magram ar miuTiTa arc am
456
moTxovnis odenoba da arc misi saxeoba. magaliTad, da-

adgina gadauxados mopasuxem Tanxa, an gadasces niv-
Ti, magram ar miuTiTa ra odenobis Tanxa gadaixados an
ra saxis qoneba gadasces. an kidev, sasamarTlom daad-
gina, rom mopasuxem Seasrulos mosarCelis sasargeb-
lod moqmedeba, magram ar miuTiTa Tu konkretulad
romeli moqmedeba (amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kede-
li, amoqolos fanjara da a. S.).
g) 249-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis sarezo-
lucio nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas sasamarTlo
xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. Tu mosamarTles gamor-
Ca es da gadawyvetileba Seicavs xarvezs am Tvalsaz-
risiT, maSin igi SeiZleba Seivsos damatebiTi gadawy-
vetilebiT.
_ praqtikaSi ufro gavrcelebulia iseTi SemTxveve-
bi, rodesac aRZruli iyo ramdenime moTxovna, sasamar-
Tlom ganixila yvela es moTxovna, magram erT-erTi moT-
xovnis mimarT gadawyvetileba ar iqna miRebuli.
_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis aucileb-
loba SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc ZiriTadi moTxov-
nis, ise Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCe-
lis mimarTac.
2. am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas Zi-
riTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebidan 7-dRis gan-
mavlobaSi. am muxlis danawesi ise unda gavigoT, rom
ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen
mxareebi. magram, Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas ar
eswrebodnen mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare, maSin 7-dRi-
ani vada unda daiwyos im dRidan, rodesac mxares Ca-
barda motivirebuli gadawyvetileba. ufro zustad
rom vTqvaT 7-dRiani vadis dena unda daiwyos im dRi-
dan, saidanac iwyeba gadawyvetilebis saapelacio (sa-
kasacio) wesiT gasaCivrebis vada.
am vadis arc gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar daiSve-
ba. Tu es vada gaSvebuli iqna da damatebiTi gadawyve-
tilebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba daikarga, maSin mxa-
457
res SeuZlia gaasaCivros ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba, mo-

iTxovos misi gauqmeba da saqmis xelmeored ganxilva
im motiviT, romlebic miTiTebulia 261-e muxlis pir-
veli nawilis à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi, xolo sasamarT-
lo xarjebis ganawilebis sakiTxi TviTon zemdgom sa-
samarTlosac SeuZlia ise, rom ar gaauqmos gadawyve-
tileba.
3. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxs
sasamarTlo wyvets saqmeTa ganxilvis saerTo wesis
dacviT, kerZod igi niSnavs sxdomas, ris Sesaxebac at-
yobinebs mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daab-
rkolebs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, ver
gaxdeba dauswrebeli damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis safuZveli, rasac ssk saerTod ar iTval-
iswinebs.
_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis
dasma da ganxilva ver SeaCerebs ZiriTadi gadawyveti-
lebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas da misi vadis denis Se-
Cerebas.
4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier Zala-
Si im wesiT da im vadebSi, rogorc ZiriTadi gadawyve-
tileba (264-e muxli) da misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba ima-
ve wesiT, ra wesiTac ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (369-e
muxli).
_ Tu jer kidev araa ganxiluli saCivari ZiriTad
gadawyvetilebaze da mxare asaCivrebs damatebiT ga-
dawyvetilebas, maSin es meore saCivari egzavneba zem-
dgom sasamarTlos maTi erTad ganxilvisaTvis. Tu mxa-
re ar asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas igi Sedis
kanonier ZalaSi. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba aris Zi-
riTadi gadawyvetilebis organuli nawili, magram, Tu
igi ar gasaCivrebula, iTvleba, rom am nawilSi ZiriTa-
di gadawyvetileba ar gasaCivrebula da igi Sedis ka-
nonier ZalaSi.
5. Tu sasamarTlos azriT ar arsebobs damatebiTi
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebi, mas gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze uaris
458
Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Se-

tana (414-420-e muxlebi).

ganmarteba
1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarT-
los ufleba aqvs mxareTa an sasamarTlo
aRmasruleblis gancxadebiT, gadawyvetileb-
is aRsrulebis xelSewyobis mizniT ganmar-
tos gadawyvetileba sarezolucio nawi-
lis Seucvlelad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawi-
lis Sinaarsi bundovania. gancxadebis Set-
ana gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb
dasaSvebia, Tu gadawyvetileba jer ar aris
aRsrulebuli da Tu ar gasula vada, rom-
lis ganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba SeiZleba
aRsruldes. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia
gandawyvetilebis ganmartebis sakiTxi gada-
wyvitos zepiri mosmenis gareSe. sxdomis
Catarebis SemTxvevaSi mxareebs egzavneba
Setyobineba, magram maTi gamoucxadeblo-
ba ver daabrkolebs gadawyvetilebis gan-
martebis sakiTxis ganxilvas.
2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana.
1. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba mTlia-

nad an nawilobriv ar iyos Camoyalibebuli naTlad da
garkveviT, Seicavdes urTierTgamomricxav an Seusa-
bamo debulebebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia misi gan-
marteba imis aucilebeli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ganmar-
tebis saxiT ar moxdes gadawyvetilebis ufro zustad
ki misi sarezolucio nawilis ZiriTadi azrisa da Si-
naarsis Secvala.
459
- am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs gadaw-

yvetilebis ganmartebis winapirobas. aseTi winapirobaa
gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis bundovne-
ba.
_ gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba rom ganxorcieldes,
aucilebelia agreTve Semdegi pirobebis arseboba: 1)
mxaris an sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis gancxadeba; 2) ga-
dawyvetileba ar aRsrulebula, an jer kidev ar gasu-
la misi aRsrulebis dro, anu jer kidev ar gasula aTi
weli misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (samoq. kodeqsis
142-e muxli).
_ es aris dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic SeiZleba mox-
des aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) ganmar-
teba. magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom ar SeiZ-
leba aRiarebiT sarCelze (ssk 180-e muxli) gamotani-
li ara aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis an winaswar (Su-
aledur) gadawyvetilebaze ganmarteba. nebismieri ga-
dawyvetileba, Tu igi moiTxovs ganmartebas, SeiZleba
ganmartos sasamarTlom.
_ gancxadebiT, gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesa-
xeb, SeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos nebismier dros
motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis aRs-
rulebamde.
_ dauSvebelia im gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba, ro-
melic aRsrulebulia.
_ ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb eg-
zavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos Tu iq ganixileba saCiva-
ri im gadawyvetilebaze, romlis ganmartebasac exeba
es ganCineba.
_ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebas axdens is sasamarT-
lo (mosamarTle), romelmac igi gamoitana. Tu is sasa-
marTlo Semadgenloba an mosamarTle ar aris, maSin gan-
martebas gaakeTebs am sasamarTlos sxva Semadgenlo-
ba an mosamarTle.
_ ganCineba ganmartebis Sesaxeb aris gadawyvetile-
bis organuli nawili da Caekereba saqmeSi.
_ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb mxaris gan-
460
cxadebis miReba an misi ganxilva ver SeaCerebs gadawy-

vetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas.
_ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis saxiT
axali gadawyvetilebis miReba an adre miRebuli gadaw-
yvetilebis Secvla.
_ ganmartebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas
aramarto gadawyvetilebebis, aramed ganCinebebis mi-
marTac, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganmar-
tos ganCineba am muxlis analogiiT (kanonis analogia).
2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb ganCineba-
ze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, xolo gadawyveti-
lebis ganmartebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb miRebul gan-
Cinebaze kerZo saCivari ar Seitaneba.

aRsrulebis gadadeba an
ganawilvadeba, aRsrulebis
saSualebisa da wesis Secvla
1. sasamarTlos, romelmac gamoitana
saqmeze gadawyvetileba, ufleba aqvs, mx-
areTa TxovniT, maTi qonebrivi mdgomareo-
bisa da sxva garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,
erTjeradad, 3 Tvemde vadiT gadados an
erT wlamde vadiT gaanawilvados gadaw-
yvetilebis aRsruleba, agreTve Secvalos
misi aRsrulebis saSualeba da wesi.
2. mxareTa gancxadeba ganixileba sasa-
marTlo sxdomaze, romlis droisa da ad-
gilis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram
maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs
sasamarTlos winaSe dasmuli sakiTxis ga-
dawyvetas.
3. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadade-
bis an ganawilvadebis Sesaxeb, agreTve ga-
dawyvetilebis aRsrulebis saSualebis an
461
wesis Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCi-

nebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs gadawy-

vetilebis aRsrulebis wesis Secvlis sam SesaZlebel
variants: 1) aRsrulebis gadadebas; 2) aRsrulebis ga-
nawilvadebas; 3) aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis
Secvlas.
_ aRsrulebis gadadeba niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva
droisaTvis, anu ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, vidre
amas moiTxovs aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetileba an ka-
noni.es SesaZlebelia erTjeradad da sam Tvemde va-
diT.
_ aRsrulebis ganawilvadeba niSnavs sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebis etapobrivad aRsrulebis dadgenas.
ganawilvadebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gansazRvravs
zust kalendarul dros, romelSic unda moxdes aRs-
ruleba da ra moculobiT. magaliTad, 2003 wlis 10 ap-
rilidan 10 ivnisamde _ 1000 lari; 10 ivnisidan 1 agvis-
tomde 2000 lari da a. S. ganawilvadeba dasaSvebia erT
wlamde vadiT.
_ ganawilvadeba ar SeiZleba moxdes im SemTxvevaSi,
roca nivTi, romelic mopasuxem unda gadasces mosar-
Celes _ ganuyofadia.
_ aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla niS-
navs aRsrulebis erTi saxis meore saxiT Secvlas. maga-
liTad, amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kedeli da a. S. sa-
samarTlos SeuZlia ufleba misces mosarCeles Tvi-
Tonve Seasrulos es moqmedeba mopasuxis nacvlad da
mis xarjze (254-e muxli), Tu sasamarTlo daadgens ga-
dawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Ses-
vlamde aRsrulebas _ es iqneba aRsrulebis wesis Sec-
vla; Tu auqcionis nacvlad sasamarTlo daadgens sxva
gziT qonebis realizacias _ es iqneba aRsrulebis we-
sis Secvla da a. S.
_ `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis 33-e muxli iTvaliswinebs saaRsrulebo moq-
462
medebis SeCerebas, rac aRsrulebis gadadebis nair-

saxeobaa da niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva droisaTvis, anu,
ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, rac sasamarTlos ganCi-
nebiT unda ganxorcieldes.
2. aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba,
an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCinebiT. ami-
tom, mxareTa gancxadeba, maT Soris gancxadeba, rome-
lic Setanilia aRmasrulebelTan, unda gadaeces am ga-
dawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da ganixilos man
am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom aRsrulebis gadade-
ba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba an aRsrulebis saSualebi-
sa da wesis Secvla dasaSvebia, Tu arsebobs amisaTvis
gonivruli safuZveli, rogoricaa, magaliTad, movalis
an misi ojaxis wevris avadmyofoba, roca sakiTxi exeba
binidan gamosaxlebas, stiqiuri movlenebi, sxva adgil-
ze sacxovreblad gadasvla, qonebrivi mdgomareobis
moulodneli gauareseba da a. S.
3. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod iseT gan-
Cinebaze, romliTac dakmayofilda mxaris Suamdgom-
loba (gancxadeba) gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gada-
debis, ganawilvadebis Tu misi saSualebisa da wesis Sec-
vlis Sesaxeb.
463
T a v i XXVI I I
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala.

gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba

gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvla
1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ga-

dawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi:
a) gamocxadebisTanave, Tu dauSvebelia
saapelaco wesiT gasaCivreba;
b) saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis
gasvlis Semdeg, rodesac dasaSvebia gadaw-
yvetilebis saapelacio gasaCivreba, Tu igi
ar iyo am wesiT gasaCivrebuli;
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, romelmac
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba ucvlelad
datova.
d) Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Sem-
deg mxareebi werilobiTi formiT ganacxa-
deben uars mis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivre-
baze.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-
leba (ganCineba), Tu igi ar gasaCivrebula,
kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi sakasacio wesiT
gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, xolo
Tu iyo gasaCivrebuli - sakasacio wesiT
saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, Tuki saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) ar
gauqmebula. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetileba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi aseve
Sedis, Tu gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)
464
gamocxadebis Semdeg mxareebi werilobiTi

formiT ganacxadeben uars mis sakasacio
wesiT gasaCivrebaze.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-
ba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi Sedis dau-
yovnebliv, misi gamocxadebisTanave.
es muxli gansazRvravs pirveli, saapelacio da sa-

kasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetileba-
Ta kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis pirobebsa da wess.
1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTloTa gadawyvetile-
bebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis:
a) rodesac mxareebma anu gasaCivrebaze uflebam-
osilma yvela pirma uari Tqves kanoniT dadgenili wes-
iT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (250-e da 370-e mux-
lebi).
b) Tu dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wes-
iT gasaCivreba, magram igi ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kano-
niT dadgenil 14 dRian vadaSi (369-e muxli).
aseT SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi
Sedis am 14 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg, am vadis aRd-
gena (gagrZeleba) dauSvebelia, xolo vadis darRveviT
saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanon-
ier ZalaSi Sesvlas.
g) Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganixi-
la saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivrebuli gadaw-
yvetileba, maSin igi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis mas Sem-
deg, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba
gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb Seva
kanonier ZalaSi (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
d) Tu mxareebma ganacxades uari gadawyvetilebis
gasaCivrebaze. aseTi uari gancxadebuli unda iqnes
werilobiTi formiT (370-e muxli), magram Tu aseTi
gancxadeba mxareebma gaakeTes sasamarTlo sxdomaze,
maSin igi unda aisaxos oqmSi da dadasturdes mxareTa
xelmoweriT (ix. 250-e muxlis komentari).
cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba,
465
romlis gasaCivrebaze mxareebma uari Tqves an, romlis

gasaCivrebis vada ukve gavida, mainc gaasaCivron maT.
saapelacio sasamarTlom aseTi saCivari ganuxilvelad
unda datovos misi dauSveblobis gamo, xolo saCivris
Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlas.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCin-
weba), kanonier ZalaSi Sedis:
a) rodesac mxareebma kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 370-
e muxli) uari ganacxades saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebis (ganCinebis) sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze.
b) rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-
ba (ganCineba) ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kanoniT dadgenil
erTTvian vadaSi (ix. 397-e muxlis komentari).
g) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganix-
ila sakasacio saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivre-
buli gadawyvetileba.
d) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana gan-
Cineba `sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb“ (401-e muxlis pirveli nawili);
e) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana gan-
Cineba sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis
Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (403-e muxli).
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da gan-
Cinebebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedian dauyovnebliv, maTi
gamocxadebisTanave.
muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli

gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba an Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi da im wesiT, rac dadgenilia am
kodeqsiT.
_ kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-

bis an Secvlis erTaderTi gza _ esaa saqmis warmoebis
466
ganaxleba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis an axlad

aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo (421-e muxli).
_ arcerT arasasamarTlo organos an Tanamdebobis
pirs ufleba ar aqvs Secvalos an gaauqmos sasamarTlo
gadawyvetileba. yvela organo da Tanamdebobis piri
valdebulia xeli Seuwyos gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-
bas qveynis teritoriaze.
muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonier

ZalaSi Sesvlis Sedegebi
gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis

Semdeg mxareebs, agreTve maT uflebamonac-
vleebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadon
sasamarTloSi igive sasarCelo moTxovnebi
imave safuZvlze, agreTve sadavo gaxadon
sxva procesSi gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili
faqtebi da samarTeblivi urTierTobani.
am muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis subi-

eqturi da obieqturi farglebi.
_ gadawyvetilebis subieqturi farglebi vrcel-
deba: a) mosarCeleze; b) mopasuxeze; g) mesame pirebze
damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT; d) maT ufle-
bamonacvleebze. am pirebze vrceldeba gadawyvetile-
bis kanonieri Zala da maT ar SeuZliaT kvlav aRZran
igive sarCeli erTmaneTis mimarT.
aq CamoTvlil pirebze gadawyvetilebis subieqtu-
ri farglebi, anu gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala
vrceldeba mxolod erTi aucilebeli (savaldebulo)
pirobiT: Tu isini mowveuli iyvnen saqmis ganxilvaSi,
e. i. gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT
(70-78-e muxlebi). Tu isini ar iyvnen mowveuli am wesiT
_ es gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo)
safuZvelia (394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti).
_ gadawyvetilebis obieqturi farglebi vrcelde-
ba: a) igive sasarCelo moTxovnaze; b) igive safuZvel-
467
ze; g) gadawyvetilebis dadgenil faqtobriv da samar-

Tlebriv urTierTobebze, romlebsac adgili hqondaT
am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentisaTvis (gadaw-
yvetilebis droiTi farglebi).
es imas niSnavs, rom im pirebs, romlebzec vrcelde-
ba gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala (mosarCele, mopa-
suxe, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxov-
niT, maTi uflebamonacvleebi), ufleba ar aqvT kvlav
aRZran igive sarCeli, e. i. sarCeli igive moTxovniT,
igive safuZvliT da imave pirebs Soris. magram, Tu erT-
erTi elementi sxvaa, magaliTad, sasarCelo moTxovna
an am sarCelis safuZveli sxvaa, an moTxovnac da safuZ-
velic igivea, magram erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mopasuxe,
sxvaa, maSin ìgive~ sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia.
_ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis pre-
iudiciuloba, rac imas niSnavs, rom kanonier ZalaSi Se-
suli gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoe-
bebi da samarTlebrivi urTierTobani aRar saWiroeben
dadgenas im pirobiT Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxil-
vaSi igive mxareebi monawileoben (106-e muxli).

iZulebiTi aRsruleba
gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba da-
saSvebia mxolod misi kanonier ZalaSi Ses-
vlis Semdeg.
_ aq mxedvelobaSia mxolod gadawyvetilebis iZu-

lebiTi aRsruleba, rac dasaSvebia mxolod am gadaw-
yvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg (264-e mux-
li). kanoni uSvebs erTaderT gamonaklis am wesidan, ro-
desac sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis dauyov-
nebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde aRsrulebas
(268-e muxli).
_ rac Seexeba gadawyvetilebis nebayoflobiT aR-
srulebas _ es dasaSvebi da SesaZlebelia gadawyveti-
468
lebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamdec da gansxvavebiT

iZulebiTi aRsrulebisa, mTlianad damokidebulia mo-
valis neba-survilze.
_ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba, romelic
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi an romlis dauyovnebliv aRs-
ruleba daadgina sasamarTlom, xorcieldeba `saaRs-
rulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT.

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis
da gadawyvetis wesi
1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsru-
lebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganixi-
leba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romlis dro
da adgili ecnobebaT mxareebs. maTi gamo-
ucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarT-
los mier sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
2. gadawyvetileba miiReba ganCinebis for-
miT. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan da-
kavSirebuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb sasamarT-
los ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris
Setana.
1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT

SeiZleba wamoiWras mravali sakiTxi, rogoricaa maga-
liTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv (kanonier Za-
laSi Sesvlamde) aRsruleba, gadawyvetilebis aRsru-
lebis gadadeba, ganawilvadeba, SeCereba, aRsrulebis
saSualebebisa da wesis Secvla, aRsrulebis uzrun-
velyofa da sxva. yvela aseTi sakiTxis ganxilva warmo-
ebs sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa SetyobinebiT, ro-
melTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis ga-
dawyvetas. gamonaklisi am wesidan SeiZleba gaTvalis-
winebuli iyos kanoniT. magaliTad, am kodeqsis 271-e
469
muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrun-

velyofa, Tu amas dauSvebs sasamarTlo, unda ganxor-
cieldes amave kodeqsis 191-199-e muxlebiT dadgeni-
li wesiT. 193-e muxlis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofis sa-
kiTxs sasamarTlo ganixilavs mopasuxis Seutyobineb-
lad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aucileblad saWiroebs da-
zustebas: kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ara aRsru-
lebasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil nebismier ganCine-
baze, aramed mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul ganCi-
nebaze (ix. magaliTad, 263-e muxlis me-3 nawilis da 270-
e muxlis komentari).

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
Sebruneba
1. aRsrulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-

bisa da axali gadawyvetilebis miRebis
Semdeg sarCelis dakmayofilebaze mTli-
anad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis, saqmis
warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxil-
velad datovebis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes mo-
sarCelem unda daubrunos yovelive, rac
mas mosarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda gauqme-
buli gadawyvetilebiT.
2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis
sakiTxs mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze
wyvets axali gadawyvetilebis an ganCineb-
is mimRebi sasamarTlo.
1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba warmoad-

gens movalis, e.i. im mxaris uflebebisa da interesebis
dacvis saSualebas, romlis mimarTac moxda sasamarT-
lo gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba.
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SebrunebisaTvis
aucilebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad arseboba:
470
erTi - im gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, romelic ukve

aRsrulebulia da meore - im sarCelis dakmay-
ofilebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqma,
romlis mimarTac gamotanili iyo adre aRsrule-
buli gadawyvetileba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta an
am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba. es imas niSnavs,
rom Tu adre aRsrulebuli gadawyvetileba gauqmda,
magram sarCelis bedi jer kidev araa sabolood gadaw-
yvetili - gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba ver
ganxorcieldeba, radgan ar SeiZleba winaswar iyos
cnobili, Tu rogori gadawyvetileba iqneba miRebuli
sarCelis ganxilvis Sedegad.
- sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Se-
brunebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCelem mopasuxes unda
daubrunos yovelive, rac man miiRo mopasuxisagan gada-
wyvetilebis aRsrulebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aR-
srulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sedegad sarCe-
li mxolod nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli, xolo
nawilobriv uari eTqva mosarCeles mis dakmayofileba-
ze, maSin mosarCelem unda daubrunos mopasuxes yove-
live, rac man miiRo sasarCelo moTxovnis im nawilis
mixedviT, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mas.
2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZle-
ba ganxorcieldes mopasuxis SuamdgomlobiT. sasa-
marTlos iniciativiT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
Sebrunebas kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs. gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo,
romelmac gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb an ganCineba saq-
mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, an, kidev, ganCineba
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb.
- Tu arsebobda mopasuxis Sesabamisi gancxadeba
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb, ma-
Sin axali gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamomtani sasa-
marTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis
Sesaxeb miuTiTebs am axal gadawyvetilebaSi. Tu aseTi
gancxadebiT mopasuxe mimarTavs sasamarTlos mas Sem-
471
deg, rodesac gamotanili iqna axali gadawyvetileba,

maSin sasamarTlo romelmac es axali gadawyvetileba
gamoitana niSnavs sasamarTlo sxdomas, am gancxadebis
gansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs,
magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs gancx-
adebis ganxilvas.
gadawyvetileba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Se-
brunebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba miiRos rogorc pirveli in-
stanciis sasamarTlom, ise saapelacio da sakasacio
instanciis sasamarTloebma, imis mixedviT, Tu romeli
instanciis sasamarTlom miiRo axali gadawyvetileba
gauqmebulis nacvlad.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gauqmebuli gadaw-
yvetilebidan da saqmeSi arsebuli masalebidan ar Cans
garkveviT Tu ra xasiaTisa da moculobis gadaxdevine-
ba ganxorcielda - saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarT-
loebs SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Se-
brunebis sakiTxi gadasawyvetad daubrunon qvemdgo-
mi instanciis sasamarTlos.
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mxolod axali gadawyvetilebis (gan-
Cinebis) kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg.
muxli 268. dauyovnebliv

aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetilebebi
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT
mTlianad an nawilobriv dauyovnebliv aR-
sasruleblad gadasces gadawyvetilebebi:
a) alimentis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb;
b) dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva
dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT
gamowveuli zianis asanazRaureblad gada-
saxadebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb;
g) muSakisaTvis ara umetes 3 Tvis xel-
fasis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb;
d) ukanonod daTxovnili an gadayvanili
472
muSakis samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb;

e) amoRebulia;
v) Tamasuqisa da Cekis Taobaze gamotani-
li gadawyvetilebebi;
z) yvela sxva saqmeze, Tu gansakuTrebul
garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis aRsru-
lebis dayovnebam SeiZleba gadamxdevine-
bels mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos, an Tu
gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aR-
moCndeba.
2. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsru-
lebis daSvebisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mos-
Txovos mosarCeles gadawyvetilebis aRsru-
lebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi.
3. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRs-
ruleba ar daiSveba, Tu SeuZlebelia im
zaralis zustad gamoTvla, romelic SeiZ-
leba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares, ris ga-
moc meore mxare ver SeZlebs mis uzrun-
velyofas.
1. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba sasa-

marTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod mxareTa TxovniT
da ara Tavisi iniciativiT. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
daSvebis sakiTxi ganixileba 269-e muxliT dadgenili
wesiT.
_ es muxli Seicavs im gadawyvetilebaTa mxolod sa-
nimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba gadaeces da-
uyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis. nebismieri sxva gadaw-
yvetilebac SeiZleba gadaeces dauyovnebliv aRsru-
lebisaTvis Tu arsebobs „z“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswineb-
uli pirobebi.
2. gadawyvetilebis gadacema dauyovnebliv aRsru-
lebisaTvis ar niSnavs am gadawyvetilebis kanonier
ZalaSi Sesvlas. dainteresebul mxares SeuZlia gaa-
saCivros es gadawyvetileba Sesabamisad saapelacio an
473
sakasacio wesiT. cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom zemd-

gomma sasamarTlom gaauqmos an Secvalos es gadawyve-
tileba, miRebul iqnes sxva gadawyvetileba. aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi wamoiWreba ori sakiTxi: erTi _ gadawyveti-
lebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxi da meore _ im
zaralis anazRaurebis sakiTxi, romelic miadga mxares
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis gamo.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrun-
velyofisaTvis sasamarTlos SeuZlia dainteresebu-
li mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze, an Tavisi inicia-
tiviT mosTxovos gadamxdevinebels gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic Se-
iZleba gamoixatos Sesabamisi odenobis Tanxis Seta-
niT saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozi-
to angariSze, an romelime sakredito dawesebulebis
TavdebobaSi (57-e muxli).
3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos gadawyvetile-
bis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, Tu gadawyvetilebis aR-
srulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani mi-
ayenos mxares (gadamxdevinebels), an gadawyvetilebis
aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. am garemoebaTa
damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba Suamdgomlobis aRmZv-
rel pirs.
_ sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas gadawyvetilebis
dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze, Tu Suamdgomlobis aRm-
Zvreli piri ver daamtkicebs zemoT miTiTebul gare-
moebebs, an Tu SeuZlebeli iqneba im zaralis (zianis)
gamoTvla, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege
mxares, ris gamoc dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis momTxov-
ni piri ver SeZlebs mis uzrunvelyofas.
_ im zianis moculobis damtkicebis tvirTi, rome-
lic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales)
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebiT, ekisre-
ba am mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales).
474

dauyovnebliv aRsruleba
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-

bis sakiTxi SeiZleba ganxilull iqnes imave
sxdomaze, romelzedac gamotanili iqna gada-
wyvetileba. Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv
aRsrulebis sakiTxi imave sxdomaze ar ganix-
ileba, maSin sasamarTlo niSnavs sxdomas, ris
Sesaxebac acnobebs mxareebs; mxareebis
gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis
gadawyvetas.
_ sanam gadawyvetileba jer kidev araa miRebuli,

SeuZlebelia vilaparakoT mis aRsrulebaze. amitom,
Tu gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis sa-
Wiroa misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla, gadawyvetilebis
dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis saWiroa jer gadaw-
yvetilebis miReba.
_ mxarem SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos jer kidev
gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, magram Suamdgomloba
gadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb Se-
iZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom mxolod am gadawyve-
tilebis gamotanis Semdeg da imave sxdomaze,
romelzec gamotanili iqna gadawyvetileba.
_ iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis dau-
yovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebis sakiTxis ganxilva Se-
iZleba moxdes ara sasamarTlos iniciativiT, aramed
mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT da 268-e muxlis me-2 da me-3
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT (ix. am
muxlis komentari), es sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sa-
samarTlo ganCinebiT da ara im gadawyvetilebiT, ro-
melic dauyonebliv unda aRsruldes.
475
muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis

Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis
gasaCivreba
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-

bis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZ-
leba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ar
SeaCerebs am ganCinebis Sesrulebas.
_ dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb mxaris gancxa-

debis ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCi-
neba. sasamarTlos ganCineba dauyovnebliv aRsrule-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba. sasamarTlos
ganCineba gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
Sesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT 416-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT. kerZo saCivris Setana ver
SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrule-
bas, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT Se-
aCeros aseTi aRsruleba (418-e muxli).
- Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebis
sakiTxi amave gadawyvetilebiT iqna dadgenili, maSin
es gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, am nawilSi.

aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa
sasamarTlos SeuZlia uzrunvelyos im ga-

dawyvetilebis aRsruleba, romelic gada-
cemuli ar aris dauyovnebliv aRsasru-
leblad XXI I I TaviT dadgenili wesebis
Sesabamisad.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa war-

moadgens am gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis
garantias. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina gadawyvetilebis
dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, am gadawyvetilebis uzrun-
velyofa saWiro aRaraa, radgan dauyovnebliv aRsru-
476
leba, Tavis mxriv warmoadgens am gadawyvetilebis re-

alurad aRsrulebis erT-erT efeqtian saSualebas. sa-
Wiro araa agreTve kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyve-
tilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, radgan `saaRsru-
lebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanoni Seicavs gadawyveti-
lebis realurad aRsrulebis yvela saWiro meqaniz-
mebs.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa war-
moebs am kodeqsis XXI I I TaviT (191-199-e muxlebi) dad-
genili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
477
T a v i XXIX
saqmis warmoebis damTavreba gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis gareSe
muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta
sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Tavisi

iniciativiT, Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas, Tu:
a) saqme ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasa-
marTloSi imis gamo, rom kanonis Tanaxmad
misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompetenciaSi
Sedis;
b) arsebobs sasamarTlos kanonier Zala-
Si Sesuli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba,
romelic gamotanilia davaze imave mxa-
reebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZ-
vlebiT mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris
miRebis an mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis
Sesaxeb;
g) mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze;
d) mxareebi morigdnen;
e) saqmis erT-erT mxared myofi moqala-
qis gardacvalebis Semdeg, sadavo samarT-
lebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, dauS-
vebelia uflebamonacvleoba;
v) mxareebs Soris dadebulia xelSekrule-
ba, rom es dava gadasawyvetad gadaeces
kerZo arbitraJs.
z) kanoniT dadgenilia sxva SemTxveva.
samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi, rogorc

wesi, mTavrdeba am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamotaniT,
magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs saqmis
warmoebis damTavrebas gadawyvetilebis gamotanis
gareSec, kerZod; a) ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da b) ganCinebiT sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. saqmis warmoebis
478
damTavrebis es ori forma gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan

rogorc safuZvlebiT, ise Tavisi SedegebiT.
_ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos SeuZlia
ara marto mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, aramed Tavisi ini-
ciativiTac, oRond Tu arsebobs am muxlSi CamoTvli-
li safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebi aseTia:
a) am punqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs uwyebrivi qvemde-
bareoba anu sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba (me-11 muxli)
da ara gansjadoba (13-24-e muxlebi). saqarTvelos sa-
moqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT sasamarTlos uwyebri-
vi qvemdebareoba Zlier gafarToebulia: yvela dava,
romelic samarTliT mowesrigebuli urTierTobidan
gamomdinareobs, eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos. amasTan
erTad, arsebobs davebi, romlebic Tumca samarTliT
mowesrigebuli urTierTobebidan gamomdinareoben,
magram maTi ganxilvis kompetencia mikuTvnebuli aqvs
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos. aseT SemTxvevaSi saer-
To sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli (gancxadeba)
warmoebaSi (186-e muxli), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _
unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba.
_ erTmaneTSi ar unda agverios uwyebrivi qvemdeba-
reoba da gansjadoba. uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasu-
xobs kiTxvaze: eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme saerTo sa-
samarTloebs uwyebrivad. am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasu-
xis gacemisas wamoiWreba meore sakiTxi: romelma konk-
retulma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es saqme. am kiT-
xvaze pasuxs gvaZlevs gansjadoba. Tu saqme am sasamar-
Tlos gansjadi araa, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dauS-
vebelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme sasamarTlom unda ga-
daugzavnos gansjad sasamarTlos (23-e muxli), an ki-
dev, Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebobisas TviTon ganixi-
los es saqme (21-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
b) am punqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dasaSvebia:
1) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-
ba igive sarCelze. sarCeli igivea, Tu igivea sasarCe-
lo moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), sarCelis safuZveli da
igi aRZrulia imave mxareebs Soris. Tu erT-erTi ele-
479
menti sxvaa, magaliTad, moTxovna igivea, magram safuZ-

veli sxvaa, an kidev, yvelaferi da maT Soris mosarCe-
le igivea, magram mopasuxe sxvaa da a. S. sasamarTlom
saqme unda ganixilos; 2) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewy-
vetis Sesaxeb im safuZvliT, rom igive sarCelis mi-
marT mxareebi morigdnen an mosarCelem uari Tqva sar-
Celze.
g) am qvepunqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas safuZ-
vlad udevs dispoziciurobis principidan gamomdina-
re piris ufleba gankargos Tavisi uflebebi. mosarCe-
le sarCelze uaris TqmiT gankargavs Tavis uflebas
(me-3 da 98-e muxlebi). amitom, sasamarTlom aseT SemT-
xvevaSi unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, radgan aRar
arsebobs davis sagani, romlis mimarT sasamarTlom un-
da gamoitanos Tavisi gadawyvetileba.
_ sarCelze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosarCelis mier Ta-
visi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargva,
unda ganvasxvavoT mosarCelis mier am etapze sarCe-
lis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmisagan, e. i. rodesac mosarCe-
les aRar surs am etapze sarCelis ganxilva da moiT-
xovs sarCelis ukan dabrunebas (sarCelis gamoxmoba).
(ix. 831-e muxlis komentari) . aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis
warmoebis Sewyveta dauSvebelia, radgan mosarCele
kargavs uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive
sarCeliT (ix. me-3 muxlis komentari).37
d) morigebiT saqmis damTavreba, iseve, rogorc sar-
Celze uaris Tqma, dispoziciurobis principis erT-er-
Ti konkretuli gamovlinebaa (me-3 muxli). saqmis mo-
rigebiT damTavrebiT mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava
wydeba aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtiuradac.
amitom, sasamarTlom procesis nebismier stadiaze da
yovelTvis unda ecados moarigos mxareebi, daamTav-
ros saqme morigebiT.
37
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #7,2002, gv.1141.
480
e) erT-erTi mxaris gardacvaleba mxolod im SemTx-

vevaSi iwvevs saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas, Tu ufleba-
monacvleoba, materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTo-
bidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia. magaliTad, mosarCe-
le mimarTavs sasamarTlos meore meuRlisagan sarCos
miRebis Sesaxeb. mosarCele saqmis ganxilvis procesSi
gardaicvala. sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqme, rad-
gan sarCos miRebaze uflebamosili piri gardaicvala
da mis nacvlad sxva pirs sarCos miRebis ufleba ar
aqvs.
rac Seexeba iuridiul pirs, sasamarTlom unda Sew-
yvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu mxared myofi iuridiuli
piris likvidacia moxda, radgan iuridiuli piris lik-
vidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacvleoba ar warmoi-
Soba.
3) mxareTa SeTanxmebas, davis kerZo arbitraJis, anu
samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb,
aqvs iuridiuli Zala. amitom, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc
mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sasamarTlom ar un-
da miiRos es sarCeli (ssk-is186-e muxlis `d~ qvepunq-
ti), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRebs, unda Sewyvitos saq-
mis warmoeba.
_ am muxlis à~, `b~ da `v~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswi-
nebuli safuZvlebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sem-
TxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili sa-
xelmwifo baJi.
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis aq CamoTvlili safuZv-
lebi araa amomwuravi. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswineb-
uli iqnes sxva safuZvlebic.
muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
1. saqmeze warmoeba Sewydeba sasamarTlo

ganCinebiT. Tu saqmis warmoeba Sewyveti-
lia imis gamo, rom saqme kanonis Tanaxmad
sasamarTlos ar eqvemdebareba, sasamarT-
481
lo valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romel or-

ganos unda mimarTos ganmcxadebelma.
2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlosaTvis xelmeored mimarTva da-
vaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da
imave safuZvliT ar SeiZleba.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 272-e muxlSi gaTvalis-

winebuli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis safuZvlebs ad-
gili hqonda jer kidev sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebam-
de, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba sarCe-
lis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (186-e muxli) mxare-
Ta Seutyobineblad, oRond mosarCeles unda gaegzav-
nos am ganCinebis asli. magram, Tu aseTi safuZveli war-
moiSva sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, magaliTad,
mxareebi morigdnen, mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze,
an erT-erTi mxare gardaicvala an moxda iuridiuli
piris likvidacia, sasamarTlom unda moiwvios mosam-
zadebeli sxdoma, Tu es xdeba momzadebis stadiaze,
an mTavari sxdoma, Tu yovelive es xdeba saqmis momza-
debis damTavrebisa da mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sem-
deg (207-e muxli) da am sxdomaze miiRos Sesabamisi gan-
Cineba.
2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas ukavSirdeba Zalian
seriozuli Sedegi: igive sarCeliT sasamarTloSi xel-
meored mimarTva dauSvebelia. igive sarCelSi igulis-
xmeba sarCeli igive moTxovniT, imave safuZvliT da
imave mxareebs Soris.
muxli 274. saqmis warmoebis

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
gasaCivreba
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze saqmis warmoe-

bis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo sa-
Civris Setana.
482
_ saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze

kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva warmoebs 414-420-e
muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilvelad

datoveba
sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Ta-
visi iniciativiT, ganuxilvelad datovebs
sarCels, Tu:
a) sarCeli (gancxadeba) Seitana qmeduu-
naro pirma, xolo sasamarTlos mizanSewo-
nilad ar miaCnia dauniSnos mas saproceso
warmomadgeneli;
b) sarCeli (gancxadeba) dainteresebu-
li piris saxeliT Seitana im pirma, ro-
melsac ara aqvs uflebamosileba saqmis
warmoebaze;
g) sasamarTlo sxdomaze mosarCele (gan-
mcxadebeli) ar gamocxadebula, xolo mo-
pasuxe Tanaxmaa sarCelis (gancxadebis) ga-
nuxilvelad datovebisa;
d) arc erTi mxare ar gamocxadebula;
e) imave an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSi
aris saqme imave mxareebs Soris, imave sa-
ganze da imave safuZvliT.
v) dakmayofilda mosarCelis Suamdgom-
loba sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumen-
tebis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT, ise rogorc

saqmis warmoebis SewyvetiT, mTavrdeba saqmis warmoe-
ba sasamarTloSi. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba da-
saSvebia am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiTa
da wesiT.
a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos sarCeli warmo-
ebaSi, Tu igi Seitana qmeduunaro pirma (186-e muxlis
483
`v~ qvepunqti). qmeduunarod iTvleba srulwlovane-

bas miuRweveli piri (81-e muxlis me-2 nawili), agreTve
srulwlovanebas miRweuli, magram sasamarTlos mier
qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pirebi. Tu, miuxedavad ami-
sa, sasamarTlom miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi da Semdeg
gamoirkva, rom mosarCele aris qmeduunaro, romelsac
ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia dauniSnos aseT mosarCeles saproceso warmo-
madgeneli (82-e muxlis me-2 nawili). Tu saproceso war-
momadgenlis daniSvna mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia, sa-
samarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCeli Seitanos pirma,
romelic, marTalia, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mi-
er qmeduunarod, magram aSkarad ver uwevs Tavis moq-
medebas angariSs, e. i. faqtiurad qmeduunaroa; aseT
SemTxvevaSic, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos mas sap-
roceso warmomadgeneli ssk-is 82-e muxlis analogiiT
(ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
_ am muxlis analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba-
ze miuTiTebs agreTve samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1277-e mux-
li, romlis Tanaxmad, mzrunveloba SeiZleba dauwes-
des iuridiulad qmedunarian pirs, e. i. pirs, romelic
araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, mag-
ram, romelsac ar SeuZlia Tavisi janmrTelobis mdgo-
mareobis gamo ganaxorcielos Tavisi uflebebi da Se-
asrulos Tavisi movaleobebi.38
Tu sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad sapro-
ceso warmomadgenlis (mzrunvelis) daniSvna, is sar-
Cels ganuxilvelad datovebs.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom uflebamosilma pirma
Seitanos gancxadeba piris qmeduunarod an SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb (322-e muxli). aseT
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmo-
eba (279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti).
38
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mexuTe,
Tb, 2001
484
b) am punqts mxedvelobaSi hyavs arauflebamosi-

li piri da ara arasaTanado mxare. arasaTanado mosar-
Cele _ es is piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos `Ta
visi~ uflebis dasacavad, romelic sinamdvileSi misi
ki ara, sxvisi uflebaa (84-e muxli), arauflebamosili
piri ki _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarT-
los ara Tavisi, aramed sxvisi uflebis dasacavad,
magram amisaTvis mas ar gaaCnia am sxva pirisagan saTa-
nadod gaformebuli uflebamosileba (96-e muxli).
g) mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,
oRond, Tu amis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobs mopasuxe. mag-
ram, Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia datovos sarCeli ganuxilvelad, oRond amazec
saWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sa-
samarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas.
d) Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze arcerTi mxare
da maTi warmomadgenelebi ar gamocxadnen, romlebsac
gaegzavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT gaTvalis-
winebuli wesiT, maSin sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxil-
velad datovebs (ix. 231-e muxlis komentari).
e) am punqtSi miTiTebuli safuZvlis arsebobisas sa-
samarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu Secdo-
miT miiRo, maSin ganuxilvelad unda datovos igi.
_ es punqti emyareba princips, rom ar SeiZleba erTi
da igive sarCeli orma (an metma) sxvadasxva sasamarT-
lom ganixilos. amitom, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom erTi da igi-
ve sarCeli aRZrulia imave an sxva sasamarTloSi, erT-
erTma sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda datovos. magram ro-
melma? am punqtis azriT, sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda
datovos im sasamarTlom, romelSic ufro gvian Sevida
sarCeli (gancxadeba). amis garkveva ar warmoadgens sir-
Tules, Tu miRebulia ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi mi-
Rebis Sesaxeb. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar iyo miRebuli, ma-
Sin unda gairkves, romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre ga-
vida 5 dRe sarCelis Semosvlidan, romlis Semdeg sar-
Celi warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli).
485
v) sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis ukan

gaTxova (gamoxmoba) gaTvaliswinebulia 831 muxliT (ix.
komentari).
_ am muxlis à~, `b~, è~ da „v“ qvepunqtebiT gaTva-
liswinebuli safuZvlebiT sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-
tovebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier
Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilvelad

datovebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
ganCinebis gasaCivreba
sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad da-
tovebis SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoeba mTav-
rdeba sasamarTlo ganCinebiT, romelzedac
SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
_ Tu sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvle-

bi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlis
à~, `b~ da è~ qvepunqtebiT gamovlinda saqmis momza-
debis stadiaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gan-
Cineba mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSe, ise, rogorc es Se-
saZlebelia amave safuZvlebiT sarCelis miRebaze ua-
ris Tqmis dros (186-e muxli), magram Tu sasamarTlos
mizanSewonilad miaCnia _ SeuZlia daniSnos mosamza-
debeli sxdoma (205-e muxli).
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvlebi,
romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlis `g~
da `d~ qvepunqtebSi SeiZleba gamovlindes mxolod sa-
samarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, amitom ganCineba sarCe-
lis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb am safuZvlebiT
SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes mxolod mTavar sxdomaze.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi mxareebs unda ecnoboT aseTi gan-
Cinebis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, radgan am gan-
Cinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk-is 414-420-e
muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
486
muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadis

dadgena sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datovebis dros
sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad da-

tovebis SemTxvevaSi sasarCelo xandazmu-
lobis vada ar Sewydeba.
_ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT mxares ar er-

Tmeva ufleba kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli (278-e mux-
li). sarCelis aRZvra SeiZleba moxdes saerTo wesis
dacviT; rac Seexeba xandazmulobis vadas, sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebiT xandazmulobis vadis Sewy-
veta ar xdeba. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia agreTve samo-
qalaqo kodeqsis 140-e muxlSi.39
muxli 278. ganuxilvelad

datovebuli sarCelis ganmeorebiT
wardgena
im garemoebaTa aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi,

romlebic safuZvlad daedo sarCelis ga-
nuxilvelad datovebas, dainteresebul pirs
ufleba aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos
saerTo wesis dacviT.
1. Tu ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis

Sesaxeb Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, e. i. ar gausaCivrebia
mxares an gaasaCivra, magram datovebul iqna ucvle-
lad, mas aRar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganaxleba. saq-
me iTvleba damTavrebulad.
_ amis Semdeg mxares SeuZlia kvlav aRZras igive sar-
Celi, oRond Tu aRar arsebobs is safuZvlebi, ris ga-
moc sarCeli ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli. sarCe-
lis aRZvra unda moxdes saerTo wesis dacviT, maT So-
ris, kvlav unda iqnes Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.
39
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni
pirveli, Tb.,1999, gv.333
487
T a v i XXX
saqmis warmoebis SeGereba
muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleoba

SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba
sasamarTlo valdebulia SeaCeros saqmis

warmoeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) moqalaqis gardacvalebisas, Tu sada-
vo-samarTlebrivi urTierToba dasaSvebad
Tvlis uflebamonacvleobas, an im iuri-
diuli piris arsebobis Sewyvetisas, rome-
lic saqmeSi mxares warmoadgens;
b) mxaris mier qmedunarianobis dakargvi-
sas;
g) saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moq-
med nawilSi mopasuxis yofnisas an aseTive
nawilebSi myofi mosarCelis TxovniT;
d) Tu saqmis ganxilva SeuZlebelia sxva
saqmis gadawyvetamde, romelic ganxilul
unda iqnes samoqalaqo, sisxlis samarTlis
an administraciuli wesiT;
d1) Tu saqmes ganixilavs restituciisa
da kompensaciis komisia an komisiis komi-
teti;
e) me-6 muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswi-
nebul SemTxvevaSi.
_ es muxli iTvaliswinebs saqmis warmoebis saval-

debulo SeCerebis safuZvlebs, e. i. safuZvlebs, ro-
desac saqmis warmoebis SeCereba savaldebuloa.
a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba mxolod maSin iwvevs saq-
mis warmoebis SeCerebas, rodesac uSvebs uflebamo-
nacvleobas. magaliTad, moqalaqem aRZra memkvidreo-
biTi urTierTobidan gamomdinare sarCeli da garda-
icvala. sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas. magram
488
Tu aRZruli iyo sarCeli samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb

da mosarCele gardaicvala, sasamarTlom saqmis war-
moeba ki ar unda SeaCeros, aramed unda Sewyvitos (272-
e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
_ am punqtSi laparakia iuridiuli piris arsebobis
Sewyvetaze. Sewyveta xdeba iuridiuli piris likvida-
ciis drosac. likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacv-
leoba ar warmoiSoba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 39-e muxli,
`mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxli).40
amitom, `Sewyveta~ aq unda ganvixiloT rogorc iuridi-
uli piris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa,
gamoyofa, gardaqmna) da ara rogorc iuridiuli piris
likvidacia. amitom, sasamarTlo kargad unda gaerkves
hqonda adgili likvidacias (Sewyvetas), Tu iuridiuli
piris reorganizacias. saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba, Tu ad-
gili hqonda iuridiuli piris reorganizacias.
b) am punqtis mixedviT igulisxmeba, rom Tavis dro-
ze sasamarTlom sworad miiRo sarCeli qmedunariani
pirisagan, magram Semdeg gaxda igi qmeduunaro. qmedu-
unarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawy-
vetilebiTaa aseTad aRiarebuli (322-e muxli). aseT
pirs eniSneba meurve, romlis procesSi Cabmamde Se-
Cerdeba saqmis warmoeba (326-e muxlis me-2 nawili, sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli).
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosarCelem saqmis war-
moebis procesSi dakargos unari, angariSi ver gauwios
Tavis moqmedebas, e.i. gaxdes faqtiurad qmeduuna-
ro, xolo saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asa-
cileblad am piris qmeduunarod aRiarebamde da mis-
Tvis meurvis daniSvnamde sasamarTlos SeuZlia dau-
niSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e muxli), da
mis daniSvnamde SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba.
g) Tu mopasuxe imyofeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebu-
li Zalebis moqmed nawilSi _ sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saq-
40
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,wigni pirveli,
Tb., 1999, gv.140; lado Wanturia, Tedo niniZe, „mewarmeTa S esaxeb“
kanonis komentari, mesame gamocema, Tb.,2002, gv.172
489
mis warmoebas miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara am mo-

pasuxis Suamdgomloba, magram Tu mosarCelea Seiara-
Rebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilebSi, maSin saWiroa misi
Txovna SeCerebis Sesaxeb. igulisxmeba, rom mxareebs
CabardaT uwyeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-e mux-
lebi).
d) am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saq-
mis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT,
Tu sxva kategoriis saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetile-
bas SeiZleba mieces preiudiciuli (winaswar gadamw-
yveti) mniSvneloba am saqmis gadawyvetisas (106-e mux-
li).
amitom, sanam saqmis warmoebas SeaCerebdes, sasamar-
Tlom zustad unda gansazRvros, Tu ra kavSiri arse-
bobs mis mier gansaxilvel saqmesa da im saqmes So-
ris, romelic sxva sasamarTlos mier ganixileba,
kerZod, gamomdinareoben Tu ara isini erTi da igive
faqtobrivi safuZvlebidan da samarTlebrivi ur-
TierTobidan.
amasTan dakavSirebiT mxedvelobaSia misaRebi sa-
qarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatis
samarTlebrivi pozicia, romelic man Camoayaliba erT-
erT Tavis ganCinebaSi. man dauSveblad CaTvala ssk 279-
e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis
SeCereba, `radgan gansaxilveli saqmis davis sagans war-
moadgens materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRau-
reba, romelic regulirdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT da
araviTari kavSiri ar aris eleqtroenergiis tarifis
Sesaxeb normatiuli aqtis antikonstituciurad cno-
bis konstituciur sarCelTan.~41
e) kanonis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan Sesabami-
sobis sakiTxis garkveva saqarTvelos sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos kompetenciaa. amitom, Tu saqmis ganmxil-
vel sasamarTlos eWvi epareba mis mier gamosayenebeli
41
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze. #2,2003,gv.259.
490
kanonis konstituciurobaSi, man unda SeaCeros saqme

da mimarTos wardginebiT sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
(me-6 muxlis me-2 nawili).
muxli 280. sasamarTlos ufleba

SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba
sasamarTlos, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Ta-
visi iniciativiT, SeuZlia SeaCeros saqmis
warmoeba, Tu:
a) mxare imyofeba namdvil vadian samxed-
ro samsaxurSi an gawveulia raime saxelm-
wifo movaleobis Sesasruleblad;
b) mxare imyofeba xangrZliv samsaxureb-
riv mivlinebaSi;
g) mxare imyofeba samkurnalo dawesebule-
baSi an avad aris, ris gamoc saSualeba ara
aqvs gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, da es das-
turdeba samedicino dawesebulebis cnobiT;
d) gamocxadebulia mopasuxis Zebna kano-
niT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi;
e) sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza.
_ am muxlSi CamoTvlili garemoebebis arsebobisas

sasamarTlo araa valdebuli SeaCeros saqmis warmoe-
ba. sxvanairad aq CamoTvlil garemoebebs saqmis war-
moebis SeCerebis fakultatur safuZvlebs uwodeben.
SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, Tu gadados saqmis gan-
xilva, damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze.
magaliTad, sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza. imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra sirTulis gamokvlevaa Casa-
tarebeli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gansazRvros vada da
ki ar SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, aramed gadados saqmis
ganxilva.
_ saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis arasavaldebulo sa-
fuZvlebs Soris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs
mxaris avadmyofoba. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemT-
491
xveva, roca mxare namdvilad mZimedaa daavadebuli da

arc Cans raime perspeqtiva misi axlo momavlSi gamo-
janmrTelebisa. arada mowinaaRmdege mxare saqmis gan-
xilvis gaWianurebiT naxulobs did zarals. avadmyo-
fi mxare ki araviTar ganzraxvas, miandos saqmis warmo-
eba advokats (warmomadgenels), ar amJRavnebs. Tu ase-
Ti piri mosarCelea, mizanSewonili iqneba saqmis war-
moebis SeCereba mis gamojanmrTelebamde, magram, Tu
aseTi piri mopasuxea, sasamarTlom ssk-is 82-e muxlis
analogiiT mas unda dauniSnos misive ojaxis romelime
wevri saproceso warmomadgenlad, xolo Tu ojaxis
wevrebs Soris aseTi piri ar arsebobs, maSin sxva nebis-
mieri piri, romelic SeZlebs avadmyofi mopasuxis in-
teresebis dacvas (ix. 82-e muxlis komentari).
aseTi pirisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniS-
vna SeiZleba moxdes mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarTlo
SesTavazebs mas dauniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xar-
jze (Tu mas am xarjebis anazRaureba ar SeuZlia), xo-
lo avadmyofi mopasuxe amis kategoriuli winaaRmde-
gia (ix. 47-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
_ rac Seexeba am muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswi-
nebul mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas, es gaTval-
iswinebulia 3566-e muxliT reketuli an qurduli sam-
yaros wevris qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze aRZruli
sarCelebis ganxilvisas (ix. am uxlis komentari). ~sa-
aRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis
30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs policiis meSveobiT mova-
lis Zebnis gamocxadebis SesaZleblobas garkveuli ka-
tegoriis saqmeebze gamotanili da kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis mizniT.
_ am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqmis
warmoebis SeCerebis vadebs gansazRvravs ssk-is 281-e
muxlis `b~ qvepunqti.
492

SeCerebis vadebi
saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba:

a) 279-e muxlis à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ saqmidan ga-
suli piris uflebamonacvlis dadgenamde
an qmeduunaro pirisaTvis warmomadgenlis
daniSvnamde;
b) 279-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtiT da 280-
e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SemadgenlobaSi mxa-
ris yofnamde, mis mier saxelmwifo mova-
leobis Sesrulebamde, samsaxurebrivi miv-
linebidan dabrunebamde, samkurnalo da-
wesebulebidan gamoweramde an gamojanmr-
Telebamde, mopasuxis moZebnamde an eqs-
pertizis damTavrebamde;
g) 279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTva-
liswinebul SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTlos ga-
dawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCinebis, dad-
genilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde an
administraciuli wesiT ganxilul saqmeze
gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde;
d) 279-e muxlis è~ qvepunqtiT gaTva-
liswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.
a) uflebamonacvleoba materialur-samarTlebriv
urTierTobebSi anu sadavo uflebis gadasvla erTi
piridan meoreze (magaliTad, memkvidreobis gaxsnis
dros) aris saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZ-
veli, magram ara misi savaldebulo Sedegi.
es imas niSnavs, rom uflebamonacvlis mier misi wi-
namorbedis adgilis dakaveba samoqalaqo procesSi da-
mokidebulia TviT uflebamonacvlis nebaze: daikavos,
Tu ara saqmidan gasuli mosarCelis adgili procesSi
493
_ es mTlianad damokidebulia am gasuli mosarCelis

uflebamonacvlis neba-survilze. am mxriv gansxvave-
buli mdgomareoba uWiravs mopasuxis uflebamonacv-
les, romelic unda Caebas procesSi, Tu amas mosarCe-
le an misi uflebamonacvle moiTxovs. Tu mopasuxis
uflebamonacvle, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba da
gafrTxilebuli iyo gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Se-
saxeb, ar gamocxaddeba mTavar sxdomaze, mis mimarT
gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (92-e
muxli).
_ Tu mxarem dakarga qmedunarianoba (279-e muxlis
`b~ qvepunqti), e. i. aRiarebuli iqna kanoniT dadgeni-
li wesiT qmeduunarod, mas eniSneba meurve (326-e mux-
li), romelsac eniWeba warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamo-
sileba sasamarTloSi (101-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvleebma sasamarTlos unda warud-
ginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli sabuTe-
bi, magaliTad, mowmoba memkvidreobis uflebis Sesa-
xeb, moTxovnis an uflebis daTmobis xelwerili, va-
dis gadakisrebis xelSekruleba, iuridiuli piris re-
organizaciis masalebi da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
uflebamonacvle ar iyos dainteresebuli saqmis ga-
naxlebiT da, amitom, arc acnobos sasamarTlos amis
Sesaxeb. maSin es SeuZlia gaakeTos mowinaaRmdege mxa-
rem, romelic dainteresebulia saqmis ganaxlebiT (ix.
92-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
b) demobilizaciis Sesaxeb aqtebis safuZvelze dad-
gindeba SeiaraRebuli Zalebidan dabrunebis faqti, sa-
xelmwifo movaleobis Sesrulebis, mivlinebidan dab-
runebis, samkurnalo dawesebulebidan gamoweris, eq-
spertizis damTavrebis Sesaxeb faqtebi dadasturde-
ba Sesabamisi dokumentebiT.
g) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCine-
bis ZalaSi Sesvla wesrigdeba samoqalaqo saproceso
da sisxlis saproceso kodeqsebiT. saqmis ganaxleba ar
SeiZleba am aqtebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde.
d) sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ka-
494
nonier ZalaSi Sedis dauyovnebliv. sasamarTlo gana-

axlebs saqmes, rogorc ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo
miiRebs Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas, romelic unda gad-
moegzavnos samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarT-
los (me-16 muxli).
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Semdeg saqmis ganxil-
va xdeba saerTo wesiT (283-e muxli).
muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebis

gasaCivreba
saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasa-

marTlo ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCiv-
ris Setana, garda am kodeqsis 280-e mux-
lis „„e“„ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli
SemTxvevisa.
_ damoukideblad imisa, Tu visi iniciativiT xdeba

saqmis warmoebis SeCereba (mxareTa TxovniT, Tu sasa-
marTlos iniciativiT), ganCineba SeCerebis Sesaxeb Se-
iZleba gaasaCivros mxarem kerZo saCivriT (414-420-e
muxlebi) garda ganCinebisa eqspertizis daniSvnis gamo
saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb.
_ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis SeCerebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.

ganaxleba
saqmis warmoeba ganaxldeba im garemoe-

baTa acilebis Semdeg, romlebmac gamoiw-
via warmoebis SeCereba. warmoebis ganaxle-
bis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva xdeba saerTo
wesiT.
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos

gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos
495
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dRe. mxareebs unda

ecnoboT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, saqmis ganxilvis
dRisa da im Sedegebis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba moy-
ves mis gamoucxadeblobas (72-e muxli).
_ saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im etapidan, romel
etapzec igi SeCerda.
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze
kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.
496
T a v i XXXI
sasamarTlo ganGineba
muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana
1. sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac

saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba, miiReba ganCi-
nebis formiT.
2. sasamarTlo ganCinebas, romelic miRe-
bulia erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier,
xels awers es mosamarTle, xolo Tu igi
miRebulia kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier -
_ yvela mosamarTle.
3. Tu ganCineba miRebulia saTaTbiro
oTaxSi gausvlelad, is Seitaneba sasamar-
Tlo sxdomis oqmSi.
4. ganCineba, romelsac sasamarTlo iRebs
adgilze TaTbiriT, unda gamocxaddes miRe-
bisTanave. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle,
romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavs
am ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis
wessa da vadas, rac aisaxeba sxdomis oqmSi.
5. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle saTabiro
oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis sarezolucio
nawils acxadebs TaTbiris Semdeg. Tavmj-
domare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacx-
ada ganCineba, ganmartavs am ganCinebis Si-
naarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas.
6. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocx-
adebis 14 dRis vadaSi sasamarTlo amza-
debs dasabuTebul ganCinebas mxareTaTvis
gadasacemad.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili da am kodeqsis 243-e mux-

lis pirveli nawili naTlad da garkveviT ganasxvave-
ben sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisa da sasamarTlo gan-
497
Cinebis gamoyenebis sferoebs: saqmis arsebiTad ga-

dawyvetis dros sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyveti-
leba, xolo saqmis ganxilvis dros wamoWrili cal-
keuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas gamoaqvs ganCine-
ba.
2. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi, sadac saqme
ganixileba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, yvela
ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle (magistrati mo-
samarTle). sasamarTlo sistemis yvela sxva rgolSi
saqme ganixileba kolegiurad, amitom, Tu ganCineba ga-
moaqvs sasamarTlos kolegiur Semadgenlobas, mas
xels awers am Semadgenlobis yvela mosamarTle, ar aris
gamoricxuli, rom saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli
ama Tu im sakiTxis gadawyveta an calkeuli saproceso
moqmedebis Sesruleba daevalos kolegiuri sasamarT-
los romelime mosamarTles, magaliTad, sarCelis
miReba warmoebaSi (187-e muxli) saqmis momzadeba (me-
200 muxli) da sxva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganCineba ga-
moaqvs kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles, maSin am
ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle.
2.nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes
rogorc calke saproceso dokumenti, ise oqmSi Setan-
iT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi oqmis Sedgena ar xdeba, amitom,
Tu sasamarTlo gavida saTaTbiro oTaxSi ganCinebis
gamosatanad, maSin aseTi ganCineba mxolod calke
saproceso dokumentis saxiT unda gamovides. gan-
Cinebis gamosatanad saTaTbiro oTaxSi SeiZleba ga-
vides saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosa-
marTlec, magram ara imitom, rom vinmes moeTaTbiros,
aramed Tu mis winaSe mxaris mier dasmuli sakiTxis
gadawyveta moiTxovs saqmis faqtobriv da samarT-
lebriv analizs.
- sasamarTlo oqmSi Setanili ganCineba unda pasux-
obdes kanonis moTxovnebs (285-e muxli). mxares Seu-
Zlia moiTxovos am oqmidan ganCinebis amonabeWdi, Seit-
anos am saoqmo ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari, Tu kanoniT
aseTi saCivari dasaSvebia.
498
- mizanSewonilad (arasavaldebulod) unda Cai-

Tvalos yvela iseTi ganCinebis calke saproceso
dokumentis saxiT Camoyalibeba, romlebzec dasaS-
vebia kerZo saCivris Setana.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbiro
oTaxSi gausvlelad (adgilze TaTbiriT) miRebuli gan-
Cinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) aseTi ganCineba unda
gamocxaddes miRebisTanave; b) mosamarTlem, unda gan-
martos am ganCinebis Sinaarsi, misi gasaCivrebis wesi
da vada.
5. am muxlis me-5 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbiro
oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) mo-
samarTle acxadebs am wesiT miRebulil ganCinebis
sarezolucio nawils. es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom Tu
saTaTbiro oTaxSi miRebulia motivirebuli ganCine-
ba, sasamarTlom mainc am ganCinebis sarezolucio naw-
ili unda gamoacxados. ra Tqma unda ara! sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gamoacxados mTlianad motivirebuli gan-
Cineba, Tu man SeZlo misi Camoyalibeba saTaTbiro
oTaxSi.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, acxadebs mosamarTle ganCineb-
is sarezolucio nawils, Tu mTlianad motivirebul
ganCinebas, man unda ganmartos gamocxadebuli gan-
Cinebis Tu misi sarezolucio nawilis Sinaarsi da gasa-
Civrebis wesi da vada, romelic yovelTvis iwyeba mo-
tivirebulil ganCinebis mxareTaTvis gadacemis momen-
tidan, Tu is ar yofila gamocxadebuli sasamarTlo
sxdomaze, romelsac eswrebodnen gasaCivrebis ufleb-
is mqone pirebi. (ix. 416-e muxlis komentari).
5. Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara motivirebuli,
aramed ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin man unda
Seadginos dasabuTebuli ganCineba 14 dRis vadaSi misi
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan.
499
muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi
ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos:

a) ganCinebis miRebis dro da adgili;
b) ganCinebis mimRebi sasamarTlos dasa-
xeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdo-
mis mdivani;
g) mxareebi da davis sagani;
d) sakiTxi, romelzedac miRebul unda
iqnes ganCineba;
e) motivebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo mi-
vida Tavis daskvnamde, da kanonebi, romle-
biTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda;
v) sasamarTlos dadgenileba;
z) ganCinebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada.
.
_ im Cveulebriv da cnobil rekvizitebs Soris, rom-
lebic unda aisaxos ganCinebaSi, gansakuTrebul yurad-
Rebas imsaxurebs im sakiTxis naTlad da garkveviT Ca-
moyalibeba, romelzec an romlis Sesaxebac miRebulia
ganCineba (ganCinebis sagani), agreTve am ganCinebis faq-
tobrivi da iuridiuli motivireba, anu miTiTeba faq-
tebze da kanonebze, romlebiTac xelmZRvanelobda
ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo.
_ ganCinebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebis dros sa-
samarTlo xelmZRvanelobs samoqalaqo saproceso sa-
marTlis normebiT, magram Tu es saWiroa, materialur-
samarTlebrivi normebiTac. magaliTad, Tu materia-
luri samarTali ar uSvebs uflebamonacvleobas, sa-
samarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas ara saqmis warmoebis Se-
Cerebis, aramed saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb
(272-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti). aseT SemTxvevaSi gan-
CinebaSi unda mieTiTos materialur samarTlebriv
normazec.
_ gadawyvetilebis analogiurad sasamarTlos,
mxareTa TxovniT SeuZlia ganmartos Tavisi ganCineba,
Tu igi amas saWiroebs (ix. 262-e muxlis komentari).
500
- ganCinebaSi gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis Sesaxeb

miTiTeba savaldebuloa, miT umetes rom es wesebi da
vadebi araa erTgvarovani.
muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebis

gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis
mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebian ganCine-
bis gamocxadebas, egzavnebaT ganCinebis as-
lebi saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis, sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebisa Tu saqmis war-
moebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb misi gamotanidan
ara ugvianes 5 dRisa.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod aq CamoTvlili gan-

Cinebebis im mxarisaTvis gagzavnis vadas, romlis ga-
mocxadebas ar eswreboda mxare. magram es imas ar niS-
navs, rom sasamarTlos sxva ganCinebebi ar unda gada-
egzavnos mxares (mxareebs), romelic ar eswreboda mis
gamocxadebas. yvela ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba
kerZo saCivris an saCivris (197-e muxli) Setana, auci-
leblad unda gadaegzavnos im mxares, romelic ar esw-
reboda aseTi ganCinebis gamocxadebas. mxedvelobaSia
misaRebi is, rom ssk-is 416-e da 197-e muxlebis Tanax-
mad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba ganCinebis ga-
dacemis momentidan, roca mis gamocxadebas ar eswre-
boda mxare (ix. am muxlis komentari). ganCinebis gada-
cemis momentad iTvleba misi aslis mxarisaTvis Caba-
reba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an misi mxarisaTvis ga-
dagzavna ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad, Tu saq-
meSi arsebobs cnoba, rom ganCineba Cabarda adresats
(369-e muxli).
501
T a v i XXXII
sasamarTlo oqmi
muxli 287. oqmis Sedgenis

savaldebulooba
sasamarTlos TiToeuli sxdomis Sesaxeb,

agreTve sxdomis gareSe Sesrulebuli Ti-
Toeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb, ro-
melSic monawileoben mxareebi, maTi war-
momadgenlebi, mowmeebi, eqspertebi, speci-
alistebi, oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa.
_ es muxli Seicavs oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulo-

bis zogad, magram sakmaod naTel kriteriumebs. oq-
mis Sedgena yovelTvis savaldebuloa: 1) Tu mimdina-
reobs sasamarTlo sxdoma (mosamzadebeli Tu mTavari
sxdoma) da 2) Tu saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebaSi
monawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowme-
ebi, specialistebi da a. S.
_ magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba
sarCelisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebis
mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb (201-e muxli), an
kidev, mosamzadebeli sxdomis, Tu mTavari sxdomis da-
niSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli), oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa,
radgan am da sxva amgvari ganCinebebis miReba xdeba mxa-
reTa da maT warmomadgenelTa monawileobis gareSe.
magram Tu sasamarTlo ixilavs sakiTxs sarCelis uz-
runvelyofis Sesaxeb, adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb
(125-e muxli) da a. S. maSin unda Sedges oqmi.
_ zogjer kanoni iTvaliswinebs ama Tu im saproce-
so moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebeli Set-
yobinebiT, Tumca maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrko-
lebs aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebas (115-e muxli). zog-
jer kanoni gansazRvravs sasamarTlos mier ama Tu im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebe-
502
li SetyobinebiT, magram uSvebs gadaudebel SemTxve-

vaSi am moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa Setyobinebis
gareSec (113-e muxli).
aris Tu ara saWiro oqmis Sedgena, roca saproceso
moqmedeba sruldeba mxareTa SetyobinebebiT, magram
maTi monawileobis gareSe, vinaidan ar gamocxaddnen,
an gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi maTi Setyobinebis gareSe?
diax, oqmi mainc unda Sedges, Tu igi gvevlineba ro-
gorc mtkicebuleba imis dasadastureblad, Tu ra moq-
medeba Seasrula sasamarTlom da ra Sedegebi iqna miRe-
buli am moqmedebis Sesrulebis Sedegad. sxva SemTxve-
vaSi oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa. magaliTad, Tu eqsperti-
zis daniSvnis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets mxareTa Set-
yobinebisa da monawileobis gareSe, maSin oqmi saWiro araa
(203-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqti), magram, Tu am sakiTxis ga-
dawyveta warmoebs mxareTa monawileobiT (163-e muxlis
me-2 da me-3 nawili), maSin unda Sedges oqmi.
muxli 288. oqmis Sinaarsi

oqmi unda asaxavdes saqmis ganxilvis an
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis yvela ar-
sebiT moments, kerZod, sasamarTlo sxdo-
mis oqmSi unda aRiniSnos:
a) sasamarTlo sxdomis weli, Tve, ricxvi
da adgili;
b) sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebisa da dam-
Tavrebis dro;
g) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasa-
xeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdo-
mis mdivani;
d) saqmis dasaxeleba;
e) cnobebi warmomadgenelTa, mowmeTa, eq-
spertTa da TarjimanTa gamocxadebis Se-
saxeb;
v) cnobebi mxareebisa da warmomadgenle-
bisaTvis maTi saproceso uflebebisa da
503
movaleobebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb;

z) sasamarTlos gankargulebani da sa-
TaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRebuli gan-
Cinebani;
T) mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa axs-
na-ganmartebani;
i) mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertebis mier
TavianTi daskvnebis ganmartebebi, nivTier
da werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa daTvalie-
rebis monacemebi;
k) sasamarTlo paeqrobis Sinaarsi;
l) cnobebi gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCi-
nebis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;
m) cnobebi gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsis, misi
gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis ganmartebis
Sesaxeb.
_ oqmi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi saproceso doku-

mentia, romelsac aqvs mravalmxrivi mtkicebulebiTi da
informaciuli mniSvneloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarT-
lo sxdomis oqmis uqonloba _ gadawyvetilebis gauqme-
bis udavo safuZvelia (385-e da 394-e muxlis `T~ qvepun-
qti). aqedan gamomdinare, oqms waeyeneba garkveuli moT-
xovnebi, romelTa dacviT igi unda iqnes Sedgenili.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs oqmis savaldebulo rekvi-
zitebs, im sainformacio monacemebs, romlebsac unda
Seicavdes oqmi, amasTan erTad, es muxli Seicavs erT
metad mniSvnelovan daTqmas: oqmi unda asaxavdes saq-
mis ganxilvis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebaTa
Sesrulebis mxolod àrsebiT momentebs~.
_ oqmis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba am muxlSi miTiTebu-
li rekvizitebis asaxviT. oqmSi SeiZleba saWiro gax-
des sxva sainformacio monacemebis Setanac, rogori-
caa mxareTa da saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile sxva pirTa
iseTi moqmedeba, rogoricaa sarCelze uaris Tqma, sar-
Celis cnoba, saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, mxaris mi-
504
er saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoe-

bis (faqtis) aRiareba da sxva.
_ amasTan erTad, araa mizanSewonili oqmSi iseTi mo-
nacemebis Setana, romlebsac ar aqvT raime mniSvnelo-
ba saqmisaTvis an isedac cnobilia saqmeSi monawile yve-
la pirisaTvis.
muxli 289. oqmis Sedgenisa da

gaformebis wesi
1. oqms adgens mdivani TviT sasamarTlo

sxdomaze an sxdomis gareSe calkeuli sap-
roceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros.
2. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs uf-
leba aqvT iSuamdgomlon oqmSi im garemo-
ebaTa Setanis Sesaxeb, romlebsac maTi az-
riT, saqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvT.
3. oqmi momzadebuli da xelmoweril un-
da iqnes ara ugvianes 3 dRisa sxdomis
damTavrebis an calkeuli saproceso moq-
medebis Sesrulebis Semdeg.
4. oqms xels aweren mosamarTle da mdi-
vani, xolo Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarT-
lo ixilavda, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdoma-
re da mdivani.
5. oqmSi Setanil yvela cvlilebas, Seswo-
rebasa da damatebas ukeTdeba SeniSvna da
mowmdeba oqmze xelis momwer pirTa mier.
1. oqmis Sedgenis movaleoba ekisreba sasamarTlo

sxdomis mdivans, romelmac es oqmi unda Seadginos sa-
marTalwarmoebis enaze. oqmi SeiZleba daiweros xe-
liT, daibeWdos an oqmis SedgenisaTvis gamoyenebuli
iqnes magnitofoni an kompiuteri (290-e muxli).
2. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebani, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eq-
spertis Cveneba, maTi Suamdgomlobebi da gancxadebe-
bi unda Caiweros pirveli piris saxiT. jer unda Caiwe-
505
ros SekiTxvis mimcemi piri, misi SekiTxva da Semdeg

SekiTxvaze pasuxis gamcemi piri da misi pasuxi. mosa-
marTlis an sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris gankargule-
bebi aisaxeba oqmSi sasamarTlos saxeliT, magram mesa-
me piris saxiT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRe-
bul ganCinebis teqsts, romelic oqmSi Seitaneba, kiT-
xulobs mosamarTle an kolegiis Tavmjdomare, roca
saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs.
_ Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe ama
Tu im garemoebis oqmSi Setanis Sesaxeb, oqmSi unda ai-
saxos es. oqmSi unda aisaxos isic, daakmayofila Tu ara
es Suamdgomloba sasamarTlom. Tu mxaris Suamdgom-
loba werilobiT iyo warmodgenili _ igi aisaxeba oqmSi
da daerTvis saqmes.
3. oqmi erT-erTi ZiriTadi saproceso dokumentia,
romlis meSveobiT SeiZleba imis gageba, rogori Cveneba
misces mowmeebma, eqspertebma, ra axali faqtebi da ga-
remoebebi daayenes mxareebma da mesame pirebma, ra mo-
sazrebebi wamoayenes warmomadgenlebma da rogoria ma-
Ti pozicia, ra faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs
efuZneba maTi mosazreba saqmis arsis Sesaxeb da a. S.
_ oqmis aseTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, misi
srulyofilad SedgenisaTvis gansazRvrulia maqsimum
sami dRe. am vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca dam-
Tavrda sxdoma, an esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba.
4. sanam xels moawerdes mosamarTle, jer yuradRe-
biT unda gaecnos oqms da Tu saWirod CaTvlis, miuTi-
Tos mdivans, Seitanos masSi saWiro da aucilebeli da-
zustebebi da damatebebi. mosamarTlem ar unda moawe-
ros xeli daudevrad Sedgenil oqms.
_ oqmi momzadebulad iTvleba mxolod misi xel-
moweris Semdeg, e. i. mas Semdeg, roca xels moawers
mosamarTle da mdivani. aseTi xelmoweris gareSe oq-
mi ar iTvleba saproceso dokumentad da mas ukav-
Sirdeba iseTive Sedegi, rogorc saqmeSi sasamarTlo
oqmis ararsebobas (385-e da 394-e muxlebi), e. i. iTv-
leba, rom saqmes ar erTvis sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi.
506
5. oqmSi SeiZleba Setanili iqnes Sesworeba da dama-

teba, magram aseT Sesworeba-damatebas, Tu cvlilebas
unda gaukeTdes SeniSvna: `Sesworebas endeT~, `Cama-
tebas endeT~ da a. S. Sesworeba unda iyos xelmowerili.
muxli 290. magnitur firze Cawerili

oqmi
sasamarTlos SeuZlia oqmis SedgenisaT-
vis gamoiyenos magnitofoni an kompiute-
ri, romelTa Canawerebic oqms Tan erTvis.
sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli saproce-
so moqmedebis Sesrulebis Semdeg magnito-
fonisa Tu kompiuteris Canawerebi gada-
tanil unda iqnes oqmSi.
oqmis SedgenisaTvis magnitofonis an kompiuteris

gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba uaRresad mniSvnelovani si-
axlea, romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs oqmis sisru-
lisaTvis, misi srulyofilad SedgenisaTvis.
_ ssk 289-e muxlis me-3 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesa-
xeb, rom oqmi momzadebuli iqnes araugvianes sami dRi-
sa calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis, Tu sa-
samarTlo sxdomis damTavrebis dRidan _ unda gavr-
celdes am muxlis moTxovnazec imis Sesaxeb, rom mag-
nitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri gadatanili iqnes
oqmSi araugvianes sami dRisa sxdomis damTavrebis Tu
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dRidan.
magnitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri TviTon ar
warmoadgens oqms. isini mxolod SeiZleba gamoyenebu-
li iqnes oqmis SedgenisaTvis, xolo maTi Canawerebi,
romlebic gadatanilia oqmSi, Tan unda daerTos saqmes.
muxli 291. SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTan

dakavSirebiT
sxdomis oqmze xelmoweridan 3 dRis va-
507
daSi mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs

SeuZliaT waradginon TavianTi SeniSvnebi
oqmTan dakavSirebiT, miuTiTon mis us-
worobasa da usrulobaze. SeniSvnebi unda
daerTos saqmes. SeniSvnebs saqmis ganmxil-
veli mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) ganixilavs
maTi Setanidan 5 dRis vadaSi da gamoaqvs
ganCineba SeniSvnebis Sesaxeb.
oqmi Sedgenilad iTvleba mxolod mas Semdeg, roca

mas xels moawers mosamarTle da mdivani. aqedan gamom-
dinare, mxareebs SeuZliaT gaecnon oqms mxolod mo-
samarTlisa da mdivnis mier am oqmze xelmoweris
Semdeg, e.i. mas Semdeg, roca oqmi iTvleba Sedgeni-
lad.
_ mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gaec-
non saqmis masalebs da maT Soris oqms, saqmis warmoe-
bis nebismier etapze, magram SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT
SeiZleba gakeTdes masze xelis moweridan sami dRis
ganmavlobaSi. cxadia, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sa-
samarTlom am kodeqsis 65-66-e muxlebiT dadgenili
wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ SeniSvnebis miReba-armiRebis sakiTxs gadawyvets
ara sxdomis mdivani, aramed mosamarTle, romelic
xels awers oqms. SeniSvnebis miReba - armiRebis Sesax-
eb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu igi ar iziarebs
SeniSvnebs, man unda daasabuTos es, magram, Tu igi
iziarebs am SeniSvnebs an maT nawils, ganCinebaSi unda
miuTiTos romel SeniSvnebs an maT nawils iziarebs.
SeniSvnebi yvela SemTxvevaSi unda iyos warmodge-
nili werilobiTi formiT. damoukideblad imisa, gai-
ziara es SeniSvnebi mosamarTlem Tu ara, isini yovel-
Tvis daerTvis saqmes.
_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeniSvnebis uaryofis Se-
saxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.
508
kari mexuTe
gamartivebuli warmoeba
T a v i XXXIII
Tamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZruli
sarGelebis ganxilva
muxli 292. dasaSveboba
Tu Tamasuqis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanon-

mdeblobis Sesabamisad aRZruli iqneba Ta-
masuqidan gamomdinare pretenziebi da sar-
CelSi miTiTebuli iqneba, rom saqmis gan-
xilva moxdes gamartivebuli wesiT, gamo-
yenebul unda iqnes am TavSi gaTvaliswine-
buli wesebi.
_ saqarTvelos kanoni `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~, romelic

miRebulia 1995 wlis 19 aprils, sxva sakiTxebTan er-
Tad awesrigebs Tamasuqis gaunaRdeblobis SemTxveva-
Si sarCelis wardgenis SesaZleblobas.42
Tamasuqi am kanonis mixedviT _ esaa fasiani qaRal-
di, dokumenti, romliTac misi gamcemi piri kisrulobs
upirobo valdebulebas gadaixados TamasuqSi naCve-
nebi Tanxa piradad an sxva pirs avalebs mis gadaxdas.
_ `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 37-e mux-
lis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqis mflobels SeuZlia warudgi-
nos sarCeli indosants, Tamasuqis gamcems da sxva val-
debul pirebs gadaxdis vadis dadgomisas, gadauxde-
lobisas, gadaxdis vadis dadgomamdec, oRond im SemT-
xvevaSi, rodesac movalis gadaxdisunarianoba saeWvoa,
an rodesac saeWvoa im Tamasuqis gamcemis gadaxdisuna-
rianoba, romelic aqceptebas ar eqvemdebareba.
42
saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni I I I, iuridiuli
da sagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps,Tbilisi,1996, gv.202.
509
aRniSnuli garemoebebi ar warmoadgens sarCelis

aRZvris an sarCelis miRebis winapirobebs. sarCeli mi-
Rebuli unda iqnes warmoebaSi samoqalaqo saproceso
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (185-e da 186-e mux-
lebi), im damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TaviTaa
gaTvaliswinebuli. `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis 37-e muxlSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi warmoad-
genen Tamasuqidan warmoSobili moTxovnebis dakma-
yofilebis safuZvels.
_ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCeli SeiZleba ganxi-
luli iqnes gamartivebuli wesiT, Tu amave sarCelSi iq-
neba miTiTebuli, rom misi ganxilva moxdes gamartive-
buli wesiT, e.i. mosarCele moiTxovs amas (297-e muxli).
muxli 293. Tamasuqis wardgena
sarCels Tan unda daerTos Tamasuqis as-

li. saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze zepiri gan-
xilvis dros mosarCelem Tamasuqi dednis
saxiT unda warmoadginos.
_ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCelze am Tamasuqis

aslis darTva warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRe-
bis erT-erT winapirobas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu aseTi
asli ar erTvis sarCels, sasamarTlo ver miiRebs mas
warmoebaSi, magram dauniSnavs mosarCeles vadas xar-
vezis Sesavsebad da Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sev-
sebuli, datovebs mas umoZraod (185-e muxli).
_ Tamasuqis aslis sarCelTan erTad wardgena ar aTa-
visuflebs mosarCeles movaleobisagan warmoudgi-
nos sasamarTlos saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvi-
sas Tamasuqis dedani.
_ dedani sabuTis warmoudgenlobas SeiZleba mohy-
ves sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma (135-e mux-
li). Tamasuqis aslebis da Tamasuqis dednis miRebis sa-
kiTxebs awesrigebs `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanonis me-60-61-e muxlebi.
510
muxli 294. gansjadoba
1. sarCelebi Tamasuqis Taobaze SeiZleba

aRiZras rogorc im sasamarTloSi, romlis
teritoriazedac unda moxdes gadaxda, ise
sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-
gilis mixedviT.
2. Tu sarCeli mimarTulia erToblivad
ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulis mimarT, ma-
Sin sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras rogorc im
sasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriazedac un-
da moxdes gadaxda, ise nebismier sasamarT-
loSi erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli ad-
gilis mixedviT.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiuli gansjado-

bis wesebs, romlis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqidan gamomdina-
re sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras gansjadobis saerTo we-
sis mixedviT, rogorc mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgi-
lis, ise Tamasuqis gadaxdis adgilis mixedviT sasamar-
TloSi.
arCevani SeuZlia gaakeTos mosarCelem.
2. aseve, Tu ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulia, sarCe-
li SeiZleba aRiZras erT-erTi Tamasuqvaldebulis
sacxovrebeli adgilis an gadaxdis adgilis mixedviT
sasamarTloSi.
muxli 295. vada uwyebis Cabarebidan

sasamarTlo sxdomamde
mxareebs uwyeba unda CabardeT sasamarT-
los sxdomis dawyebamde aranakleb 24 sa-
aTiT adre, Tu es uwyeba bardeba sasamar-
Tlos adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. Tuki uw-
yeba bardeba sxva adgilze, maSin es vada
ganisazRvreba minimum 3 dRiT.
511
_ uwyebis Cabarebis vadebi ganpirobebulia saqmis

gamartivebuli warmoebiT, rac imaSi vlindeba, rom am
wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas ar xdeba saqmis winaswari mom-
zadeba (mxareTa werilobiTi Sejibreba), amitom, uwye-
bis Cabarebis vada ganisazRvreba mxareTa sasamarTlo-
Si gamocxadebis uzrunvelyofis interesebiT, imiT,
rom maT SeZlon Tavisuflad moaswron sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomaze gamocxadeba.
muxli 296. mtkicebulebebi
1. mtkicebulebebad daiSveba mxolod do-

kumentebi (werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi) da
mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebi.
2. dokumenturi dadastureba SesaZlebe-
lia mxolod Sesabamisi dokumentebis war-
dgeniT.
_ mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principi

Camoyalibebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, rom-
lis Tanaxmad saqmis garemoebani, romlebic kanonis Ta-
naxmad, unda dadasturdes garkveuli saxis mtkicebu-
lebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadasturdes sxva saxis mtkice-
bulebebiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens mtkice-
bulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principis konkretul
gamovlinebas, romlis Tanaxmad, garemoebebi, romleb-
sac emyareba Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moT-
xovnebi, SeiZleba damtkicdes da dadasturdes mxo-
lod werilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da mxareTa axs-
na-ganmartebiT.
2. am muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebul Sesabamis do-
kumentSi igulisxmeba dokumenti, romliTac kanonis
moTxovnaTa mixedviT, SeiZleba dadasturdes esa Tu
is faqti (garemoeba). magaliTad, Tu dasadgenia Tama-
suqis gadaxdaze uari, aseTi uari SeiZleba dadastur-
des òficialuri oqmiT~ (aqceptebs an gadaxdaze ua-
512
ris protestiT) (~Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-

nonis 38-e muxli).
muxli 297. gamartivebuli wesiT

saqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma
mosarCeles SeuZlia mopasuxis Tanxmobis
gareSe uari Tqvas am TavSi Camoyalibebu-
li wesebis mixedviT saqmis ganxilvaze am
saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde. aseT SemT-
xvevaSi saqme ganixileba saerTo wesiT.
_ gadawyvetilebas Tamasuqis (Cekis) Taobaze aRZ-

ruli sarCelis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sesa-
xeb iRebs uSualod mosarCele. amisaTvis mas ar sWir-
deba arc mopasuxis da arc mosamarTlis Tanxmoba. mTa-
varia mxolod is, rom man daicvas am wesiT sarCelis
aRZvrisa da misi warmoebis kanoniT dadgenili wesebi.
_ mosarCeles aseve SeuZlia uSualod da calmxrivad
uari Tqvas gamartivebuli wesiT sarCelis ganxilvaze am
saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde, e. i. gadawyvetilebis
gamotanamde, ufro zustad, gadawyvetilebis gamosata-
nad sasamarTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde.
_ Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva gamartivebuli wesiT
saqmis ganxilvaze, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba ga-
martivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Sewyvetisa da am
saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb.
_ aseTi ganCinebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom
unda moamzados saqmis ganxilva ssk me-200-207-e mux-
lebiT dadgenili wesiT, xolo momzadebis damTavre-
bis Semdeg daniSnos sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma.
muxli 298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa da

Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvris
dauSvebloba
ar SeiZleba Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli
513
sarCelebis SeerTeba sxva pretenziebis ga-

mo aRZrul sarCelebTan. dauSvebelia ag-
reTve Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvra.
_ sarCelebis Tu sxva iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTiane-

ba, romlebic araa dakavSirebuli TamasuqTan, rasac
iTvaliswinebs da uSvebs ssk 182-e muxli, agreTve Se-
gebebuli sarCelis aRZvra, rasac iTvaliswinebs 188-e
muxli, Tamasuqis saqmeebis gamartivebuli wesiT gan-
xilvisas _ dauSvebelia.

gadawyvetilebebis daTqma
1. mopasuxes, romelic uaryofs mis wina-
aRmdeg wamoyenebul moTxovnas, yvela Sem-
TxvevaSi mas Semdeg, rac gadawyvetileba
gamotanili iqneba, SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis
damatebiTi warmoeba Tavisi uflebebis gan-
xorcielebis mizniT.
2. gadawyvetileba mopasuxis uflebebis
SenarCunebiT saboloo gadawyvetilebad iT-
vleba gasaCivrebisa da iZulebiTi aRsru-
lebis TvalsazrisiT.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uflebas aZlevs mopa-

suxes moiTxovos saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba, Tu Tv-
lis, rom misi uflebebi Seilaxa an ver ganxorcielda
saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis gamo.
aseTi moTxovna mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos Ta-
visi werilobiTi SesagebliT (protestiT), romelic
warmoadgens saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis safuZvels.
_ saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
2. mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli (protesti) imis
moTxovniT, rom Catardes saqmeze damatebiTi warmoe-
514
ba, ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Ses-

vlas da aRsrulebas.
_ Tu mopasuxem moiTxova ara damatebiTi warmoeba,
aramed Semoitana saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, ma-
Sin gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla da aRs-
ruleba warmoebs ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva gadawy-
vetilebisa (264-e muxli).
muxli 300. saqmis damatebiTi

warmoeba
1. Tu mopasuxes SenarCunebuli aqvs Ta-

visi uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblo-
ba, dava rCeba sasamarTlo warmoebis sfe-
roSi.
2. Tu saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis dros
gamovlindeba, rom mosarCelis moTxovna usa-
fuZvlo iyo, gadawyvetileba, romelic mi-
Rebulia am TavSi gaTvaliswinebuli wese-
bis dacviT, uqmdeba; mosarCeles uari un-
da eTqvas Tavisi moTxovnis dakmayofile-
baze da sasamarTlo xarjebic Sesabamisad
unda ganawildes. mosarCeles evaleba im
zaralis anazRaureba, romelic miadga mo-
pasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis an ase-
Ti aRsrulebisaTvis xelisSemSleli qmede-
bis Sedegad. mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos
zaralis anazRaurebis moTxovna davis sa-
samarTlo ganxilvis procesSi.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo akmayofi-

lebs mopasuxis Txovnas saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis
Sesaxeb, maSin sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme da
Caataros aseTi damatebiTi saproceso moqmedebebi.
2. damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkves,
rom saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sedegad mi-
Rebuli da mopasuxis mier gaprotestebuli gadawyve-
515
tileba arsebiTad sworia. maSin sasamarTlos gamoaqvs

ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Se-
saxeb.
_ damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkves
agreTve, rom gadawyvetileba arasworia, radgan am ga-
dawyvetilebiT dakmayofilda mosarCelis usafuZvlo
moTxovna, maSin saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebul
gadawyvetilebas auqmebs misi gamomtani sasamarTlo
da Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars eubneba mosarCeles
misi moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze.
_ aseTi gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas ukavSirdeba Sem-
degi Sedegebi:
a) sasamarTlo xarjebi daekisreba mosarCeles (53-e
muxlis pirveli nawili);
b) moxdeba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba
(Tu igi aRsrulebuli iyo);
g) mosarCeles daekisreba im zianis anazRaureba, ro-
melic miadga mopasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebiT;
d) mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos zianis anazRaure-
bis moTxovna saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis procesSi.
muxli 301. Cekis Taobaze aRZruli

saqmeebis warmoeba
Tu moTxovnebi wamoyenebulia Cekis Sesa-
xeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabami-
sad, gamoyenebul unda iqnes Tamasuqis Ta-
obaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoebis wesi.
_ Ceki _ es aris dadgenili formis fasiani qaRaldi,

romelic Seicavs Cekis gamcemis werilobiT davalebas
sabanko dawesebulebisadmi, gaanaRdos CekSi aRniSnu-
li Tanxa.
_ 1995 wlis 19 aprils miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos
kanoni `Cekis Sesaxeb~, romelic awesrigebs Cekis gace-
mis, moqmedebis, indosirebis, Tavdebobis, gadaxdisa
516
da aqedan gamodinare Sedegebis, agreTve masTan da-

kavSirebuli pretenziebis wardgenis wess.43
imis gasarkvevad, wamoyenebulia Tu ara moTxovna
am kanonis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRva-
nelos zemoT dasaxelebuli saqarTvelos kanoniT `Ce-
kis Sesaxeb~. am kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvisas ki sa-
samarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos im wesebiT, romle-
bic dadgenilia Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli sarCele-
bis ganxilvisaTvis.
43
saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni I, iuridiuli da
sagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps, Tb.,1996, gv.188
517
T a v i XXXIV
davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis
ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi
muxli 302. dasaSveboba
1. am TavSi Camoyalibebuli gamartivebu-

li wesiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moT-
xovnebi garkveuli fuladi Tanxis davali-
anebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb.
2. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saq-
mis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi ar daiS-
veba, Tu:
a) moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebulia
jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasuxo gadax-
daze;
b) brZaneba davalianebis gadaxdevinebis
Sesaxeb mxares unda ecnobos sajaro (ofi-
cialuri) gamocxadebis gziT.
1. davalianebis amoRebis Sesaxeb saqmis gamartive-

buli wesiT warmoebis pirveli etapi iwyeba gancxade-
bis dasaSvebobis SemowmebiT. aseTi Semowmebis mizniT
sasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios, arsebobs Tu ara aseTi
warmoebisaTvis dasaSvebobis pirobebi.
es pirobebia:
1) moiTxovs Tu ara ganmcxadebeli fuladi Tanxis
gadaxdevinebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu ganmcxadebeli
moiTxovs ara fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevinebas, aramed
mopasuxisagan raime nivTis gadacemas, raime samuSaos
Sesrulebas da a. S. maSin gamartivebuli warmoeba am
TaviT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebiT ar daiSveba.
2) xom ar aris moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebuli
ganmcxadeblis mxriv jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasu-
xo gadaxdaze. es imas niSnavs, rom davalianebis gadax-
devinebis valdebuleba mopasuxis mimarT warmoiSoba
518
mas Semdeg, roca ganmcxadebeli Seasrulebs Tavis val-

debulebas mis mimarT. sailustraciod SeiZleba miu-
TiToT samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlze, romlis Ta-
naxmad piri, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ormxrivi
xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlia uari Tqvas
valdebulebis Sesrulebaze `sapasuxo moqmedebis
ganxorcielebamde~.44
3) xom ar aris imis aucilebloba, rom gadaxdis brZa-
neba ecnobos mopasuxes sajaro gamocxadebis gziT. es
imas niSnavs, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ver aRsruldeba,
Tu ar aris cnobili mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli (ix.78-
e muxlis komentari).
4) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba gadaxdis brZanebis
miRebis Sesaxeb ssk 303-e muxlis moTxovnebs (ix. am mux-
lis komentari).
_ Tu ar arsebobs gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesa-
xeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba, sasa-
marTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba gancxadebis (ga-
daxdis brZanebis) miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (305-e
muxli).
muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebis

gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb
1. davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis
Sesaxeb gancxadeba, romelic saqmis gamar-
tivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvelia, miz-
nad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mier da-
valianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb brZane-
bis miRebas (gadaxdis brZaneba).
2. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis val-
debulebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes:
a) mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis
dasaxelebas;
44
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,
Tb., 2001 w., gv.298.
519
b) sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic

SeaqvT gancxadeba;
g) monacemebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli
ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebulebidan
gamomdinare moTxovnebia wamoyenebuli;
d) wamoyenebuli pretenziis dasabuTe-
bas. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli mtkicebu-
lebis Sesabamisi dokumentebi damowmebu-
li saxiT unda iqnes warmodgenili;
e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom aRZruli
moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli ganmcxa-
deblis mxriv raime sapasuxo (sanacvlo)
valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mi-
er aseTi valdebulebis Sesruleba ukve
ganxorcielda;
v) ganmcxadeblis an misi warmomadgenlis
xelmoweras.
1. gadaxdis brZaneba sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos

mxolod da mxolod ganmcxadeblis TxovniT da es Txov-
na naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos Camoyalibebuli gan-
cxadebaSi.
_ sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia sasarCelo gancxadebis
saxiT aRZruli moTxovna mopasuxeze fuladi Tanxis
gadaxdis valdebulebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, gadazar-
dos gamartivebul warmoebaSi da gadawyvetilebis nac-
vlad gamoitanos gadaxdis brZaneba.
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs davaliane-
bis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarss. Tu
gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo ver
miiRebs aseT gancxadebas.
_ garda im saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda
Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yovelgvari
gancxadeba, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb ganc-
xadeba unda Seicavdes mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTe-
bel sxva monacemebsac.
aseTi monacemebia:
520
1) romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs

emyareba ganmcxadeblis ZiriTadi moTxovna davalia-
nebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu wamoyene-
bulia damatebiTi moTxovnebi ZiriTadTan erTad, ma-
Sin gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos romel faqtob-
riv Tu samarTlebriv safuZvels emyareba es damate-
biTi moTxovna. magaliTad, procenti, romelic kano-
nis an xelSekrulebis ZaliT unda gadaixados movalem
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 384-e muxli), iqneba damatebiTi
moTxovna.
2) ra mtkicebulebebs emyareba ganmcxadeblis moT-
xovna, romlebic damowmebuli saxiT aucileblad un-
da erTvodes gancxadebas gadaxdis brZanebis miRe-
bis Sesaxeb. dasaSvebia mxolod saTanadod gaforme-
buli werilobiTi dokumentebi.
magaliTad, Tu ZiriTadi valdebuleba emyareba ses-
xis xelSekrulebas, gancxadebas unda erTvodes es
xelSekruleba, aseve, Tu damatebiTi valdebuleba (ma-
galiTad, procentebis saxiT) emyareba mxareTa Soris
SeTanxmebas, es SeTanxmeba werilobiTi saxiT unda iyos
warmodgenili.
3) miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar aris da-
mokidebuli ganmcxadeblis mxriv raime sanacvlo val-
debulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mier aseTi valde-
buleba ukve Sesrulebulia.
magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 406-e muxlis Ta-
naxmad, Tu ormxriv xelSekrulebaSi movales ufleba
aqvs uari Tqvas misTvis dakisrebul valdebulebaze,
xolo garemoeba, romelic mas aZlevs amis uflebas, ga-
mowveulia kreditoris braliT, maSin igi inarCunebs
sapasuxo Sesrulebis uflebas,45 aqedan gamomdinare,
Tu movale inarCunebs kreditorisagan sapasuxo Ses-
rulebis miRebis uflebas, am kreditors ar SeuZlia
moiTxovos gadaxdis brZanebis miReba.
45
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame,
Tb., 2001w., gv.446
521
saqmes gamartivebuli wesiT davalianebis

gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ganixilavs sasamar-
Tlo mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mi-
xedviT.
_ gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze

vrceldeba gansjadobis saerTo wesebi da igi SeiZle-
ba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mxolod mopasuxis sac-
xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
muxli 305. davalianebis

gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
miRebaze uaris Tqma
1. sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars et-

yvis ganmcxadebels davalianebis gadaxde-
vinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebaze, Tu:
a) igi ar upasuxebs am Tavis 302-303-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs;
b) gancxdebaSi Camoyalibebuli moTxov-
nis safuZveli (303-e muxlis `d~ qvepunq-
ti), ver asabuTebs am moTxovnas.
2. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia am muxlis
pirveli nawilis „„a“„ qvepunqtiT gaTval-
iswinebul SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels dauniS-
nos vada gancxadebaSi an TandarTul
masalebSi arsebuli xarvezis Sesavsebad.
1. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

kanonis Sesabamisad Camouyalibeblobas ukavSirdeba
seriozuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi: sasamarTlom ar unda
miiRos aseTi gancxadeba gansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebac
mas gamoaqvs ganCineba `davalianebis gadaxdevinebis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis (gadaxdis brZanebis) miRebaze ua-
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb~.
522
a) am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZveli,

ris gamoc uari eTqva ganmcxadebels gancxadebis mi-
Rebaze, radgan igi ar Seicavs `monacemebs imis Sesa-
xeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebule-
bidan gamomdinareoben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnebi~
(ssk-is 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqti).
b) gancxadebaSi moTxovnis faqtobriv safuZvelze
miTiTeba ar kmara. es safuZveli, jer erTi, _ iuridi-
ulad unda amarTlebdes moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni am faq-
tobriv garemoebebs unda ukavSirebdes im Sedegs, ri-
si dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels da meore, _ gancxa-
debas Tan unda erTvodes saTanadod gaformebuli do-
kumenturi mtkicebulebebi.
ganCinebaSi, romliTac uari eTqva ganmcxadebels
gancxadebis miRebaze, zemoT aRniSnuli motiviT, mi-
TiTebuli unda iyos amis Sesaxeb.
2. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadeba
davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs 302-
303-e muxlebis moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
dauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xarvezis Sesavsebad.
ganCinebaSi xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli
unda iyos konkretulad ra xarvezi aqvs gancxadebas
da misi droulad (daniSnul vadaSi) Seuvseblobis
Sedegebze. Tu xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli daniSnul
vadaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic ar gasa-
Civrdeba, uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebis
miRebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels ubrundeba
mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba

1. gadaxdis brZaneba, garda 303-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis à~-è~ qvepunqtebiT gaTva-
liswinebuli monacemebisa, unda Seicavdes:
a) miTiTebas, rom sasamarTlos ar Seu-
mowmebia, aqvs Tu ara ganmcxadebels aRZ-
ruli moTxovnis ufleba;
523
b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom sasamarT-

los mier gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10
dRis ganmavlobaSi gadaixados (dafaros)
vali procentebianad da xarjebianad, Tu-
ki mopasuxe aRZrul pretenzias marTebu-
lad (dasabuTebulad) miiCnevs, anda Semo-
itanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesage-
beli, Tu mopasuxe mis mimarT aRZrul moT-
xovnas umarTebulod (dausabuTeblad) mi-
iCnevs.
g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom gadaxdis
brZanebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis ga-
icema saaRsrulebo furceli, Tu mopasuxe
vadis gasvlamde ar warmoadgens Tavis Se-
sagebels.
2. gadaxdis brZaneba mopasuxes gadaecema
sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
3. sasamarTlo atyobinebs ganmcxadebels
agreTve gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvis
gadacemis Sesaxeb.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs gadaxdis brZanebis Sina-

arss, mis savaldebulo rekvizitebs, kerZod:
_ sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac es brZaneba
miiRo;
_ mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis dasaxele-
bas;
_ miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da
damatebiTi valdebulebidan wamoyenebuli moTxovne-
bi daakmayofila sasamarTlom.
_ romel werilobiT masalebs daemyara sasamarTlo
(ix. ssk 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
a) gadaxdis brZanebis miReba warmoebs mopasuxis
Setyobinebis gareSe. amitom, im werilobiTi masalebis
Semowmeba, romlebic Tan erTvis gancxadebas, maTi ut-
yuarobis TvalsazrisiT, SeuZlebelia.
_ am punqtSi gamoyenebul cnebaSi _ `moTxovnis uf-
524
leba~ _ igulisxmeba moTxovnis dakmayofilebis ufle-

ba, e. i. moTxovnis ufleba materialur-samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT. moTxovnis dakmayofilebis uflebis
Sesaxeb daskvnas ki sasamarTlo akeTebs mxolod ganm-
cxadeblis mier gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli monaceme-
biT, magram imis Seumowmeblad, Tu ramdenad asaxavs es
monacemebi sinamdviles.
b) samagierod mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZleblo-
ba am punqtiT gansazRvrul vadaSi an cnos ganmcxadeb-
lis moTxovna dasabuTebulad da marTebulad, anda Se-
itanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesagebeli, Tu mo-
pasuxe ar cnobs ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas, miiCnevs am
moTxovnas umarTebulod da dausabuTeblad.
mopasuxis am uflebaze (SesaZleblobaze) miTiTe-
buli unda iyos gadaxdis brZanebaSi.
2. vinaidan mopasuxe SeiZleba saerTod arc ki iyos
informirebuli gadaxdis brZanebis miRebaze, sasamar-
Tlo valdebulia Tavisi iniciativiT gadasces mopa-
suxes gadaxdis brZaneba.
_ gadaxdis brZaneba unda Cabardes uSualod mo-
pasuxes. magram, Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli uc-
nobia, maSin gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba saerTod
dauSvebelia (78-e da 302-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti).
3. sasamarTlo aseve Tavisi iniciativiT atyobinebs
ganmcxadebels gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvis ga-
dacemis Sesaxeb. aseTi Setyobinebis mniSvneloba mdgo-
mareobs, jer erTi, imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxe cnobs ga-
daxdis brZanebas, mas SeuZlia moiTxovos misi aRsru-
leba da, meore _ Tu mopasuxe ar cnobs gadaxdis brZa-
nebas da Semoitans Sesagebels, ganmcxadebels SeuZ-
lia moiTxovos saqmis sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva (308-e
muxli).
muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli

(protesti)
mopasuxes SeuZlia ar cnos gadaxdis Sesa-
525
xeb brZaneba mTlianad an nawilobriv da

Seitanos mis winaaRmdeg motivirebuli Se-
sagebeli (protesti) sasamarTloSi, romelmac
miiRo es brZaneba, gadaxdis brZanebis mi-
Rebidan 10 dRis vadaSi. mopasuxes SeuZlia
gaaprotestos gadaxdis Sesaxeb brZaneba
im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebis
vadis gaSveba sapatio mizeziT moxda.
_ gadaxdis brZaneba miiReba mopasuxis gareSe, mag-

ram mas unarCundeba sruli SesaZlebloba daicvas Ta-
visi ufleba, Tu igi am uflebas darRveulad miiCnevs.
kerZod, mas SeuZlia Seitanos Sesagebeli (protesti),
romelic, ise rogorc yoveli sxva Sesagebeli, motivi-
rebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu
ratom ar cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas. es imas niSnavs, rom
umotivo (SiSveli) Sesagebeli, rom mopasuxe ar cnobs
gadaxdis brZanebas, ar kmara.
_ Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRiani vadis aTvla unda
daiwyos im dRidan, roca mopasuxes gadaeca gadaxdis
brZaneba. mopasuxisaTvis gadaxdis brZanebis Cabare-
bis Sesaxeb sruli informacia unda iyos saqmeSi.
_ Tu mopasuxem gauSva Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRia-
ni vada, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom (65-e
muxli), oRond mopasuxem unda daumtkicos sasamarT-
los, rom vadis gaSveba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mi-
zeziT. vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davis

sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT
1. Tu mopasuxe droulad Seitans Tavis
Sesagebels sasamarTloSi, davalianebis ga-
daxdevinebis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna gan-
xilul da gadawyvetil unda iqnes sasar-
Celo warmoebis saerTo wesiT. saqme sasa-
526
marTlo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadax-

dis brZanebis gadacemis momentidan.
2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmis zepiri
ganxilvis daniSvnamde am saqmis momzadebis
mizniT miiRos am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswine-
buli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris daavalos
mxareebs warmoadginon werilobiTi doku-
mentebi da ganmartebebi.
_ Sesageblis droulad Setanas SeiZleba moyves ga-

daxdis brZanebis gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCe-
lo wesiT ganxilva, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamo-
aqvs ganCineba, romelSic sxva garemoebebTan erTad mi-
TiTebuli unda iyos, rom `davalianebis gadaxdevine-
bis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna ganxilul da gadawyve-
til iqnes sasarCelo warmoebis saerTo wesiT~.
_ sasarCelo wesiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis saWiro araa
nacvlad gancxadebisa, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Se-
saxeb ganmcxadebelma Semoitanos sarCeli. sasamarT-
lo saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganixilavs `davalianebis
gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT aRZrul moTxov-
nas~.
am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saqme sasamarT-
lo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadaxdis brZanebis ga-
dacemis momentidan, magram am saqmis sasarCelo war-
moebis wesiT ganxilvis dawyebis vadis aTvla unda dai-
wyos im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba am
saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb.
2. gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilva arsebiTad gansxvavde-
ba saqmis sasarCelo wesiT warmoebisagan, amitom am gan-
cxadebis (moTxovnis) saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxil-
va aucileblad gulisxmobs saqmis winaswar momzade-
bas dadgenili wesiT (200-209-e muxlebi).
527
muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebis

aRsruleba
Tu mopasuxe droulad ar Seitans sasa-

marTloSi Sesagebels (protests) gadaxdis
Sesaxeb miRebuli brZanebis winaaRmdeg,
sasamarTlo ganmcxadeblis Suamdgomlobis
safuZvelze gascems saaRsrulebo furcels,
ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mopasuxes.
mopasuxes SeuZlia gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10

dRis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos gadaxdis brZanebis
winaaRmdeg motivirebuli Sesagebeli (protesti) (307-
e muxli). Tu Sesagebeli am vadaSi ar iqneba Setanili
sasamarTlos SeuZlia gasces saaRsrulebo furceli.
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoebac, rom gadax-
dis brZanebis gaprotesteba SesaZlebelia im SemTx-
vevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebis vada mopasuxem gauS-
va sapatio mizeziT, rac man sarwmunod unda daadas-
turos (307-e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos
SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros gadaxdis brZanebis aR-
sruleba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, did mniSvnelobas iZens 309-
e muxlis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom saaRsrulebo fur-
clis gacema sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda
Seatyobinos mopasuxes.
528
T a v i XXXIVI
lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmis
ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi
winaswari SeniSvna: am Tavis damateba, romelic gan-
xorcielda 2002 wlis 7 maisis kanoniT46 da romelic
exeba mxolod lizingis sagnis dabrunebas gamartive-
buli wesiT, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT moulodneli
iyo. saqme isaa, rom, jer erTi, saqarTvelos samoqala-
qo saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, gamartivebuli we-
siT da sasamarTlos brZanebis miRebis gziT SeiZle-
boda ganxiluliyo mxolod moTxovnebi garkveuli fu-
ladi Tanxis davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb;
meore, Tu raime aucileblobiT iyo gamowveuli li-
zingis sagnis gamartivebuli wesiT da sasamarTlos
brZanebiT dabruneba, maSin es SeiZleboda momxdari-
yo Sesabamisi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis SetaniT
ssk XXXIV TavSi, romelic SeiZleboda gafarTovebuli-
yo ise, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo gamartivebuli we-
siT ara mxolod fuladi moTxovnebis, aramed moZravi
nivTebis (da ara mxolod lizingis sagnis) dabrunebis
Sesaxeb moTxovnebis ganxilva.
gvrCeba imedi, rom momavalSi praqtikis ganzogade-
bis safuZvelze kvlav ganxorcieldeba aRniSnuli mux-
lebis sakanonmdeblo wesiT dazusteba _ dakonkrete-
ba im principebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebzec
agebulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.
muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba

am TaviT dadgenili gamartivebuli we-
siT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moTxovnebi
lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi li-
zingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze.
46
saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne I. 2002, #13, muxli 50.
529
_ es muxli gansazRvravs gancxadebis dasaSvebobis

mxolod erT pirobas _ am gancxadebis moTxovnis saga-
ni unda iyos lizingis sagani, romelic imyofeba li-
zingis mimRebTan. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (miRebis)
sxva pirobebi Camoyalibebulia momdevno muxlebSi.
muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingis

sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi
1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis

mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrune-
bis Taobaze, romelic warmoadgens saqmis
gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvels,
miznad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mier
lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi li-
zingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis
miRebas.
2. gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gamcemis
mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrune-
bis Taobaze, romelsac Tan unda axldes
saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis damadasture-
beli qviTari, aRniSnuli unda iyos Semde-
gi monacemebi:
a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba;
b) mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebis
dasaxelebebi;
g) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna;
d) valdebuleba, romlis safuZvelzec wa-
yenebulia moTxovna;
e) wayenebuli moTxovnis damadasturebe-
li mtkicebuleba.
3. mosamarTle gancxadebas lizingis sag-
nis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sag-
nis dabrunebis Taobaze ganixilavs sasa-
marTloSi misi Setanidan 3 dReSi.
530
1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gamar-
tivebuli wesiT, anu XXXIV1 TaviT dadgenili wesiT, Tu
ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs, rom lizingis sagani mas da-
ubrunos sasamarTlom mis mier miRebuli brZanebis sa-
fuZvelze.
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs gancxade-
bis Sinaarss, romelic garda yvela sxva gancxadebis
rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes: a) im sagnis dasaxele-
bas (aRweras), romelic imyofeba lizingis mimRebis
mflobelobaSi da romlis dabrunebasac ganmcxadebe-
li moiTxovs; b) miTiTebas, Tu romeli valdebulebiT
(xelSekrulebiT) gadaeca lizingis mimRebs sagani,
romlis dabrunebasac lizingis gamcemi moiTxovs; g)
miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, rom-
lebic adastureben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas. cxadia,
rom am mtkicebulebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli mniSv-
neloba eniWeba lizingis xelSekrulebas, romelic sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis 577-e muxlis, Tanaxmad werilobi-
Ti formiT ideba.
marTalia, am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad ganc-
xadebaSi àRniSnuli unda iyos~ wayenebuli moTxov-
nis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi, radgan praqti-
kulad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis
gareSe sadavo sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis mi-
Reba. amitom, es mtkicebulebebi, sinamdvileSi, unda
erTvodes gancxadebas, miT umetes, rom brZanebis mi-
Rebis sakiTxi sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos umokles
vadaSi (3095-e muxli).
3. am muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs gancxade-
bis ganxilvis vadas. es vada aris 3 dRe da misi aTvla
iwyeba ara gancxadebis Semotanis dRidan, aramed misi
warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (3094-e muxli).
muxli 309 3. gansjadoba

gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflo-
531
belobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Ta-

obaze sasamarTloSi Seitaneba saqarTve-
los samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dad-
genili wesiT.
_ ssk me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, xelSek-

rulebidan gamomdinare sarCelebi sasamarTlos wa-
redgineba xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im
adgilis mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Sesru-
lebuliyo.
_ xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdi-
nare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba is
adgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswine-
buli. magram, Tu Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRv-
ruli, maSin unda vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebiTi
urTierTobis arsiT (ix. ssk-is me-16 muxlis me-2 nawi-
lis komentari).
muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemis

mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis
dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis
umoZraod datoveba
1. Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom ganc-

xadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobe-
lobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Tao-
baze ar akmayofilebs 3092 muxlis moT-
xovnebs, igi gamoitans ganCinebas arsebuli
xarvezis Sesaxeb da ganmcxadebels miscems
vadas mis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli gan-
sazRvrul vadaSi Seavsebs ganCinebaSi mi-
TiTebul xarvezs, mosamarTle gamoitans
ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis
Sesaxeb. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mosamarT-
le gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs da gan-
mcxadebels daubrunebs.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis
532
gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-

runebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod da-
tovebisa da misi ganmcxadeblisaTvis dab-
runebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris
Setana.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac lizingis sagnis dabru-

nebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar pasuxobs wayenebul moT-
xovnebs, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba xar-
vezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu am ganCinebiT daniS-
nul vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo
gamoitans ganCinebas am gancxadebis umoZraod dato-
vebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebebis miReba da gasaCivreba
warmoebs ssk 185-e muxliT sarCelebis umoZraod da-
tovebisaTvis dadgenili wesebis msgavsad. amitom,
185-e muxlis komentari mTlianad vrceldeba am mux-
lzec.

dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis
miRebaze uaris Tqma
1. Tu gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gam-

cemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-
runebis Taobaze 3092 muxlis me-2 nawilis
è~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad aRniSnuli moT-
xovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba ver
asabuTebs wayenebul moTxovnas, sasamarT-
los gamoaqvs ganCineba lizingis sagnis gam-
cemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab-
runebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze ua-
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis
runebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze ua-
533
ris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris

Setana.
1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs mxolod erTi saxis brZane-

ba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Se-
saxeb. magram Tu gancxadebaze TandarTuli mtkicebu-
lebebi ver asabuTeben moTxovnas, sasamarTlos ga-
moaqvs ganCineba gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb.
2. am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk
414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.

dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba

lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZa-
nebaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos, rom brZaneba
eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas da
misi gasaCivrebis wesi da vada.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadebis ganmxilve-

li sasamarTlos rwmeniT mtkicebulebebi, romlebic
Tan erTvis gancxadebas, adastureben moTxovnas, mas
gamoaqvs brZaneba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaT-
vis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es brZaneba, am muxlis danawe-
sis mixedviT, eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrule-
bas, Tumca dasaSvebia misi gasaCivreba.

dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis
gasaCivreba
sasamarTlos brZanebaze lizingis sagnis

534
runebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris

Setana. amasTan, es ver SeaCerebs brZanebis
aRsrulebas.
_ kerZo saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs brZanebis aR-

srulebas, ise rogorc saapelacio saCivris Setana ver
SeaCerebs dauyonebliv aRsrulebaze wardgenili ga-
dawyvetilebis aRsrulebas (375-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
magram saCivris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos SeuZlia, Tu
es saWirod miaCnia, droebiT SeaCeros brZanebis aRs-
ruleba (418-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo
brZanebaze Setanili kerZo saCivari ganixileba 414-e-
535
kari meeqvse
udavo warmoeba
T a v i XXXV
zogadi debulebani
muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo

warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli
saqmeebi
udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo gani-

xilavs saqmeebs:
a) iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqte-
bis dadgenis Sesaxeb;
b) moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad
aRiarebisa da moqalaqis gardacvlilad ga-
mocxadebis Sesaxeb;
g) moqalaqis qmeduunarod da SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb;
d) dakargul sawarmdgenlo fasian qa-
Raldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze uf-
lebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb (gamowveviTi war-
moeba);
e) qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb;
v) amoRebulia
z) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb.
_ arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac pirs aqvs esa

Tu is ufleba, magram ver axorcielebs am uflebas,
radgan faqti, romlis safuZvelzec es ufleba warmo-
iSoba, ar aris naTlad da garkveviT warmodgenili da
saWiroebs dadgena-dadasturebas.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aseTi faqtis dadgena, gar-
kveuli obieqturi Tu subieqturi pirobebis gamo, ver
536
xerxdeba sxva gziT, pirs SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarT-

los udavo warmoebis wesiT faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb
(ssk-is 313-315-e muxlebi).
udavo warmoebis wesiT SeiZleba dadgindes faqtis
arseboba an ararseboba, magram ara am faqtis samarT-
lebrivi Sedegi, e. i. Tu ra Sedegs ukavSirebs udavo
warmoebis wesiT dadgenil faqts kanoni.
_ es muxli Seicavs im kategoriis saqmeTa amomwurav
CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawy-
vetil iqnes udavo warmoebis wesiT.
_ udavo warmoeba aris erTmxariani (erTpiriani) war-
moeba, radgan erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, moiTxovs
mxolod faqtis dadgenas, raime garemoebis aRiarebas
an registracias da ar ayenebs meore mxaris, an nebismi-
eri sxva piris mimarT raime moTxovnas.
muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiT

saqmeTa ganxilva
1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasa-
marTlo ganixilavs am kodeqsiT dadgenili
wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da damatebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswineb-
ulia XXXV-XLI I TavebiT. udavo warmoe-
bis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo
iwvevs am saqmis ganxilviT dainteresebul
pirebs.
2. Tu udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmis gan-
xilvisas aRiZvris dava iseTi uflebebis
Sesaxeb, romlebic sasamarTlos uwyebri-
vad eqvemdebareba, sasamarTlo gancxadebas
ganuxilvelad datovebs da dainteresebul
pirebs ganumartavs, rom maT ufleba aqvT
warmoadginon sarCeli saerTo safuZvelze.
1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvis dros

aris mxolod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, ker-
537
Zod, mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame pirebi, Tanamonawi-

leebi. amitom, am pirebis procesSi monawileobiT gan-
pirobebuli saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi ar aris saWiro
da arc gamoiyeneba udavo warmoebis dros, sxva mxriv,
udavo warmoebis saqmeebi ganixileba ssk-iT dadgeni-
li wesebis dacviT, garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac am
kodeqsis meeqvse kariTaa dadgenili.
- rogorc savsebiT sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam udavo warmoeb-
is wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas sasamarTlom unda acno-
bos savaraudod dainteresebul yvela pirs, raTa Sesa-
Zlebloba mieceT maT monawileoba miiRon saqmis ganx-
ilvaSi da droulad ganaxorcielon 311-e muxlis me-
ore nawiliT miniWebuli ufleba - moiTxovon saqmis
saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac iuridiuli faqtis dadge-
nis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma p irebma gaiges sasamarT-
los mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT
ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapela-
cio wesiT, moiTxovon misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo
sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac es gadawyvetileba Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi, dain-
teresebul pirebs SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadaw-
yvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cno-
bis Sesaxeb47.
2. Tu saqmis udavo warmoebis dros aRiZvreba dava,
sasamarTlo ukve veRar ganixilvs am saqmes udavo war-
moebis w esiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesax-
eb, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom dainterese-
47
ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis 2002 wlis 4
noembris ganCineba, agreTve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 wlis
13 ivnisis ganCineba. es ganCineba da maTi komentari ix.
T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali.„saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-
los praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis
dadgenis Sesaxeb“ Tb. 2003.
538
bul pirebs SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli saerTo wesis

dacviT.
sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo amowmebs
misi miRebis yvela pirobas (177-e-186-e muxlebi). mxed-
velobaSia misaRebi rom udavo warmoebis wesiT gancx-
adebis gansjadoba SeiZleba ar daemTxves uflebis
dacvis Sesaxeb aRZruli sarCelis gansjadobas, ma-
gram es arafers ar cvlis: sarCeli unda aRiZras
gansjadobis wesebis dacviT.
539
T a v i XXXVI
dadgena
muxli 312. sasamarTlos mier

gansaxilveli saqmeebi iuridiuli
mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis
dadgenis Sesaxeb
1. sasamarTlo adgens faqtebs, romleb-
zedac damokidebulia moqalaqeTa da or-
ganizaciaTa piradi an qonebrivi uflebe-
bis warmoSoba, Secvla an mospoba, Tu Seu-
Zlebelia maTi dadgena Sesabamisi adminis-
traciuli organos mier.
2. sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs:
a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiris dadgenis Se-
saxeb;
b) piris kmayofaze yofnis faqtis dadge-
nis Sesaxeb;
g) dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis,
ganqorwinebisa da gardacvalebis regist-
raciis faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb;
d) uflebis damdgeni sabuTis im pirisad-
mi kuTvnilebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb,
romlis saxeli, mamis saxeli an gvari, rac
sabuTebSia aRniSnuli, ar emTxveva mis pas-
portSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul
saxels, mamis saxels an gvars;
e) amoRebulia
v) amoRebulia
z) piris garkveul drosa da garkveul
viTarebaSi gardacvalebis faqtis dadge-
nis Sesaxeb, Tu saqarTvelos iusticiis
saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semava-
li sajaro samarTlis iuridiulma pirma -
540
samoqalaqo reestris saagentom uari ga-

nacxada dabadebis an gardacvalebis faq-
tis registraciaze;
T) memkvidreobis miRebis faqtisa da memk-
vidreobis gaxsnis adgilis dadgenis Sesa-
xeb;
i) amoRebulia
1. iuridiuli faqtebi, es iseTi faqtebia, romleb-

sac kanoni ukavSirebs garkveul iuridiul Sedegs. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, Tu faqts, romlis dadgenac surs gan-
mcxadebels, ar ukavSirdeba raime iuridiuli Sedegi,
sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilve-
lad.
_ faqts SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes raime iuridiu-
li Sedegi da amitom aseTi faqti iuridiuli faqtia,
magram imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadeba
am faqtis dadgenis mizniT, es araa sakmarisi. amisaT-
vis saWiroa, rom dasadgen faqts ukavSirdebodes swo-
red is Sedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxade-
bels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom ar unda mi-
iRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e muxli).
imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadeba gan-
saxilvelad mas unda erTvodes agreTve Sesabamisi
administraciuli organos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom am
faqtis dadgena SeuZlebelia ama Tu im mizezis gamo
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im iuridiuli faq-
tebis CamonaTvals, romlebic SeuZlia daadginos sa-
samarTlom udavo warmoebis wesiT. es faqtebia:
a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiri. naTesaur kavSirs, maga-
liTad, Svilobis, SviliSvilobis, mSoblobis da a.S.
faqts aqvs iuridiuli mniSvneloba, radgan ukavSir-
deba iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, memkvidreoba, rCe-
nis movaleoba da sxva. ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos
gancxadebaSi iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu
ra miznisaTvis sWirdeba mas am faqtis dadgena. Tu aR-
541
moCndeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda naTesauri kavSi-

ris dadgena iseTi miznisaTvis, romlisTvisac am faqts
ara aqvs raime mniSvneloba (magaliTad, binebis gadac-
vlisaTvis, Tanamdebobis dakavebisaTvis, samecniero
xarisxis miniWebisaTvis da a. S.), maSin sasamarTlom ar
unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e
muxli).
b) kmayofaze yofnis faqti mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba daadginos sasamarTlom, rodesac am faqts
kanoni ukavSirebs ganmcxadeblisaTvis sasurvel Se-
degs. magaliTad, dazaralebulis gardacvalebis Sem-
TxvevaSi zianis mimyenebelma sarCos dawesebiT unda
aunazRauros ziani im pirs, romlis rCenac dazarale-
buls evaleboda (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1006-e muxli).
g) sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod da mxo-
lod dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqor-
winebis da gardacvalebis registraciis faqti, e. i. faq-
ti imis Sesaxeb, rom dabadeba iyo registrirebuli, Svi-
lad ayvana iyo registrirebuli, qorwineba iyo regis-
trirebuli da a. S. magram arqivi (Canawerebi registra-
ciis Sesaxeb) ganadgurda omianobis, xanZrisa Tu raime
stiqiuri ubedurebis gamo.
gancxadeba am faqtebis dadasturebis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia miiRos gansaxilvelad mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas erTvis saxelmwifo reestris mwar-
moebeli organodan (sarmo) cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom maT
ar SeuZliaT gascen Sesabamisi dokumentis dublikati
arqivis ganadgurebis gamo.
d) pirebi farTod sargebloben ama Tu im dokumen-
tiT, rogoricaa magaliTad, Sromis wignaki, cnoba mu-
Saobis Sesaxeb, ganaTlebis Tu samecniero xarisxis da-
madasturebeli dokumenti da a. S. romlebsac aqvT iu-
ridiuli mniSvneloba. zogjer am dokumentebSi miTi-
Tebuli saxeli, mamis saxeli, gvari, ar emTxveva pas-
portSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul saxels, ma-
mis saxels an gvars.
amis mizezi SeiZleba mravali iyos, romelTa Soris
542
yvelaze gavrcelebulia saxelis SemoklebiT aRniSv-

na (magaliTad, goga giorgis nacvlad, leqso aleqsan-
dres nacvlad da a. S.). zogjer moqalaqeebi icvlian
TavianT gvars, magram ar cvlian dokuments da a.S.
arasworia praqtika, rodesac sasamarTloebi Tavi-
anTi gadawyvetilebebiT adgenen ara dokumentis pi-
risadmi kuTvnilebis faqts, rogorc es miTiTebulia
am punqtSi, aramed im pirTa igiveobis faqts, romle-
bic sxvadasxvanairad arian moxseniebuli gadawyveti-
lebaSi. magaliTad, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi aR-
niSnulia: `Sromis wignakSi miTiTebuli gogi niJaraZe
da pasportSi miTiTebuli giorgi niJaraZe _ erTi da
igive piria~, an kidev `n. b. qarazanaSvili da n. b. qarza-
naSvili _ erTi da igive piria~. kanonis Sesabamisi iqne-
ba aseTi formulireba gadawyvetilebaSi: `Sromis wig-
naki gacemuli 2000 wlis 15 ianvars gogi niJaraZis sa-
xelze, ekuTvnis giorgi niJaraZes~, an kidev `Tsu-s mi-
er a. n. Sengelias saxelze 1955 wels gacemuli #5 dip-
lomi, ekuTvnis a. n. Sengelaias~.
z) gancxadebas piris garkveul drosa da garkveul
viTarebaSi dabadebis an gardacvalebis faqtis dad-
genis Sesaxeb, Tan unda erTvodes samoqalaqo rees-
tris saagentos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom igi uars am-
bobs am faqtis registraciaze, agreTve mtkicebule-
bebi, romlebic utyuarad adastureben piris garkve-
ul drosa da garkveul viTarebaSi gardacvalebis
faqts.
T) damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, memkvidre-
obis miRebis faqtisa da memkvidreobis gaxsnis adgi-
lis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom
udavo warmoebis wesiT, Tu sanotaro organom uari uT-
xra ganmcxadebels memkvidreobis miRebis uflebis
mowmobis gacemaze im motiviT, rom ganmcxadebels ar
gaaCnia Sesabamisi dokumentebi, romlebic adasture-
ben samkvidro qonebis faqtobriv mflobelobaSi mi-
Rebis faqts, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sxvadasxva xasia-
Tisa da Sinaarsis qviTrebi, sabinao komunaluri mom-
543
saxurebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis qviTrebi, mezoble-

bis werilobiTi axsna-ganmartebebi da a. S. Tu aseTi do-
kumentebi warudgina ganmcxadebelma notariuss, mag-
ram man isini arasakmarisad CaTvala, maSin ganmcxade-
bels SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sa-
notaro moqmedebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis gamo.
iuridiuli faqtebis am muxlSi mocemuli
CamonaTvali amomwuravia rac imas niSnavs, rom sxva
faqtebs sasamarTlo ver daadgens udavo warmoeb-
is wesiT.
muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis

mqone faqtebis dadgenisaTvis
aucilebeli pirobebi
1. sasamarTlo iuridiuli mniSvnelobis

mqone faqtebs adgens mxolod am faqtebis
damadasturebeli sabuTebis sxva wesiT mi-
Rebis an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis
SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi.
2. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqte-
bis damadasturebeli sabuTebis miRebis an
dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba
unda dasturdebodes Sesabamisi adminis-
traciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuli
administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRe-
buli (gamocemuli) administraciuli aqtiT“.
1. iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

miReba gansaxilvelad dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu
sxva gziT am faqtis dadgena namdvilad SeuZlebelia imis
gamo, rom Sesabamisi Canawerebi ganadgurda, xolo maTi
aRdgena SeuZlebelia. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebo-
bis faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis sxva wesiT miReb-
is an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SesaZlebloba, sasa-
marTlom ar unda daadginos faqti, ar unda miiRos
gancxadeba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb warmoebaSi.
544
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilisa da 315-e muxlis analizi

safuZvels iZleva daskvnisaTvis, rom damtkicebis
tvirTi ekisreba ganmcxadebels. es imas niSnavs, rom
ganmcxadebelma unda warudginos sasamarTlos mtkice-
bulebebi (315-e muxli), romlebic Tan unda erTovdes
gancxadebas faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb. am mtkicebule-
bebs afasebs sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. Tu
aseTi Sefasebis Sedegad sasamarTlo miva im daskvnam-
de, rom faqtis sxva wesiT dadgena marTlac SeuZlebe-
lia, igi miiRebs da ganixilavs gancxadebas, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebis
miRebaze, xolo Tu es gancxadeba SecdomiT iqna miRe-
buli warmoebaSi - datovebs mas ganuxilvelad.
gansakuTrebul praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens am
muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi mtkicebulebaTa dasaS-
vebobis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad „iuridiuli faqtis
damadasturebeli sabuTis miRebis an dakarguli sabu-
Tis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba SeiZleba dadasturdes
mxolod Sesabamisi administraciuli organos ad-
ministraciuli aqtiT.
magaliTad, saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli or-
ganos - samoqalaqo reestris saagentos cnoba imis Sesax-
eb, rom qorwinebis registracia, romelic ganmcxadeb-
lis gancxadebiT ganxorcielebula 1990 wels, ver iqne-
ba dadasturebuli, radgan xanZris Sedegad, romelic
am registraciis Semdeg (1993 w.) moxda ganadgurda yve-
la Canaweri. amitom, sarmo-s, bunebrivia, ar SeuZlia daa-
dasturos qorwinebis registraciis faqti.
amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis SeuZle-
bloba rac am faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis war-
moebaSi miRebis erT-erTi winapirobaa, SeiZleba da-
dasturdes ara yoveli saxis mtkicebulebiT, romel-
sac icnobs ssk-si (127-176-e muxlebi), aramed mxolod
werilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da isic mxolod saTana-
do administraciuli organos administraciuli
aqtiT.
amasTan dakavSirebiT praqtikul mniSvnelobas
545
iZens Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos administraciul

aqtad da administraciul warmoebad, romlis Sed-
egad unda iqnes gamocemuli es administraciuli aqti
da aris Tu ara misi mimRebi organo administraci-
uli organo.
cxadia, rom rodesac gancxadebas iuridiuli faq-
tis dadgenis Sesaxeb Tan erTvis administraciuli
faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb administraciuli aqti, sasa-
marTlom unda Seamowmos da Seafasos samive es ele-
menti.
administraciuli aqtis definicia mocemulia zog-
adi administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis „d“ qve-
punqtSi, romlis Tanaxmad administraciuli aqti
aris administraciuli organos mier administraci-
uli kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gamocemuli indi-
vidualuri samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic awesebs
cvlis, wyvets an adasturebs piris an pirTa
SezRuduli wris uflebebsa da movaleobebs.
administraciuli aqti miRebuli unda iqnes admin-
istraciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuli adminis-
traciuli warmoebis Sedegad. zogadi administraci-
uli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis „k“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad
administraciuli warmoeba aris administraciuli or-
ganos saqmianoba administraciul samarTlebrivi aq-
tis momzadebis, gamocemisa da aRsrulebis mizniT.
administraciuli organos legaluri ganmarteba
mocemulia zogad administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 mux-
lSi. am muxlis „a“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad administraciu-
li organo aris yvela saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi TviT-
mmarTvelobis da mmarTvelobis organo an dawesebule-
ba, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, agreTve nebismieri
sxva piri, romelic kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze as-
rulebs sajaro samarTlebriv uflebamosilebas.
amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancx-
adebaze TandarTuli administraciuli aqtis Semow-
meba da Sefaseba sasamarTlos mxriv ar aris martivi
saqme. sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aris Tu ara am aq-
546
tis gamcemi organo administraciuli organo, miRebu-

lia Tu ara es aqti administraciuli warmoebis Sede-
gad da pasuxobs Tu ara igi kanonis moTxovnebs anu Sei-
Zleba Tu ara CaiTvalos igi administraciul aqtad.
sasamarTloebma yovelTvis unda iqonion mxedvelo-
baSi, rom udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTloebs Seu-
ZliaT daadginon dabadebis, qorwinebis, ganqorwineb-
is, gardacvalebis da a.S. registraciis faqti. magram,
Tu registracia ar momxdara da, maSasadame, arc raime
Canawerebia amis Sesaxeb, maSin cxadia, rom sasamarTlo
ver daadgens „registraciis faqts“, e.i. faqts, romel-
sac ar hqonia adgili. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saTanado
administraciuli organo, mis mier ganxorcielebuli
administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli admin-
istraciuli aqtiT adasturebs, rom Svilad ayvanis,
qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da a.S. registracia ar ganx-
orcielebula, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras ganm-
cxadebels udavo warmoebis wesiT gancxadebis miReba-
ze da ganxilvaze: sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos, rom
adgili hqonda registraciis faqts, magram mas ar Seu-
Zlia TviTon moaxdinos registracia.
bolos, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom administraciul-
ma organom SeiZleba uari uTxras ganmcxadeblis Sesa-
bamisi administraciuli aqtis gamocemaze, SeuZlia Tu
ara sasamarTlos ganmcxadeblis SuamdgomlobiT Tvi-
Ton gamoiTxovs aseTi aqti?
Tu vixelmZRvanelebT ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawi-
lis danawesiT Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver Se-
Zles mtkicebulebis uSualod miReba da sasamarTlo-
Si wardgena, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos
SeuZlia TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi.
muxli 3131. administraciuli

organos pasuxismgebloba
Tu sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvisas daad-

gens, rom administraciulma organom daus-
547
abuTeblad uTxra ganmcxadebels uari iu-

ridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dad-
genaze an/da Tavi Seikava maTi dadgenisa-
gan, sasamarTlo Sesabamisi reagirebisaTvis
wardginebas ugzavnis am administraciuli
organos xelmZRvanels, romelic valdebu-
lia miRebuli vadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb erTi
Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos.
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi, rogorc Cans, miu-

TiTebs imaze, rom arc ise iSviaTad Sesabamisi orga-
noebi aramarto srulad dausabuTeblad eubnebian
uars moqalaqeebs iuridiuli faqtis dadgenaze,
aramed piriqiT, ubiZgeben maT mimarT sasamarTlos.
aseTi araswori praqtikis aRmofxvris mizniT es mux-
li iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos movaleobas ward-
ginebiT mimarTos administraciuli organos xelmZR-
vanels Sesabamisi r eagirebisaTvis, Tavis mxriv, es xe-
lmZRvaneli valdebulia wardginebis miRebidan erTi
Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos miRebuli gadaw-
yvetilebis Sesaxeb.
muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana

gancxadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone
faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi
Seitaneba mxolod am kodeqsis 312-e mux-
lis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevebSi ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli
adgilis mixedviT.
_ iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

gansjadoba ganisazRvreba ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebe-
li adgiliT, romelmac aseTi gancxadeba unda Seitanos
sasamarTloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
am muxlSi miTiTebuli 312-e muxlis pirveli nawili
dakonkretebulia amave muxlis me-2 nawilSi, romelic
548
amomwuravad gansazRvravs im faqtebis wres, romlebic

SeiZleba dadgindes udavo warmoebis wesiT.
-iuridiuli faqtis Sesaxeb gancxadebaSia miTiTe-
buli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebic
adastureben saTanado sabuTis aRebis an dakarguli
sabuTis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas. amasTan erTad, es
mtkicebulebebi warmodgenili unda iyos sasamarTlo-
Si gancxadebasTan erTad (ssk-is 313-e muxli).
_ Tu gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesa-
xeb ar pasuxobs am muxlis moTxovnebs, kerZod:
1) masSi araa miTiTebuli mizanze, risTvisac sWir-
deba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli faqtis dadgena;
b) masSi araa miTiTebuli mtkicebulebebze, romle-
bic adastureben faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis
sxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis Se-
uZleblobas;
g) gancxadebas ar erTvis (araa warmodgenili ganc-
xadebasTan erTad) es mtkicebulebebi, kerZod saTana-
do administraciuli organos administraciuli aqti
_ maSin sasamarTlom unda misces vada ganmcxadebels
xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sev-
sebuli, sasamarTlo gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs
(ssk-is 185-e muxli).
Tu gancxadebis xarvezi gamovlinda misi warmoeba-
Si miRebis Semdeg, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas am
gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb ssk-is
311-e muxlis me-2 nawilis analogiiT (ix. am muxlis ko-
mentari).
muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi

gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra mizniT
sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli mniS-
vnelobis faqtebis dadgena. gancxadebasTan
erTad warmodgenili unda iyos mtkice-
bulebebi, romlebic adasturebs ganmcxa-
deblis mier saTanado sabuTebis miRebis
549
an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZle-

blobas am kodeqsis 313-e muxlis me-2
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis
dacviT.
_ gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb,

garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasa-
marTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri sxva gancxadeba,
unda Seicavdes im mizanze naTlad da gasagebad miTiTe-
bas, risTvisac sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli
faqtis dadgena. es kanonis umniSvnelovanesi danawe-
sia, rac imas niSnavs, rom faqti SeiZleba marTlac iyos
iuridiuli im TvalsazrisiT, rom mas kanoni ukavSirebs
garkveul iuridiul Sedegs, magram ra miznisTvisac
ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs faqtis dadgenas, am faqts
aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, anu faqts, romlis dad-
genasac moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli, ar ukavSirdeba is
Sedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels.
erT-erT saqmeze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT-
los didma palatam miuTiTa, rom gancxadebaSi im miza-
nze miTiTeba, risTvisac ganmcxadebels am faqtis dad-
gena sWirdeba, warmoadgens sasamarTlos mier gancxa-
debis warmoebaSi miRebisa da ganxilvis erT-erT uci-
lebel winapirobas“.48

gadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenis
Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis dad-

genis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebul unda
iqnes moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis regis-
traciis organoSi an sxva organoSi, war-
moadgens safuZvels aseTi registraciisa
48
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis
gadawyvetilebani, 2001-2002. gv. 73
550
da gaformebisaTvis, magram ver Secvlis am

organoebis mier gasacem dokumentebs49.
_ gadawyvetileba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesa-

xeb unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas, rasac sasamarT-
lo gadawyvetileba saerTod (249-e muxli). maT Soris,
gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebule-
bebze, romelTa safuZvelze sasamarTlom gaakeTa das-
kvna faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, agreTve faq-
tze, romelic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgenilad.
_ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba iseTi
faqtis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebuli unda iyos
ama Tu im organoSi, maSin gadawyvetileba warmoadgens
safuZvels aseTi registraciisaTvis da gaformebisaT-
vis. magaliTad, Tu gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilia qor-
winebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis da a. S. regist-
raciis faqti, sarmo-m registracia unda gaukeTos am
faqts, radgan uSualod gadawyvetileba ver Secvlis
gasacem dokuments.
_ vinaidan iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb sa-
samarTlos gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaxdes safuZve-
li Sesabamisi kompetenturi organoebis mier am gadaw-
yvetilebiT dadgenili faqtis registraciisaTvis da
gaformebisaTvis, samotivacio nawilis Camoyalibebas-
Tan erTad Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs am gadawyve-
tilebis sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibebas, radgan
faqtis registracia da Sesabamisi dokumentebis ga-
formeba swored gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawi-
lis mixedviT unda moxdes.
_ ssk-is XXXVI Tavi, romelic iuridiuli mniSvnelo-
bis mqone faqtebis dadgenas eZRvneba, ar iTvaliswi-
nebs am faqtebis dadgenis Taobaze gamotanili gadaw-
yvetilebis gasaCivrebis SesaZleblobas, magram es imas
ar niSnavs, rom am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar Se-
iZleba.
49
amJamad mmros ewodeba „samoqalaqo reestris saagento“.
551
udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasamarTlo gani-

xilavs ssk-iT dadgenili wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da
damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic dadgenilia
am TaviT (311-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
aqedan gamomdinare, gadawyvetileba iuridiuli
faqtis Taobaze SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasa-
marTloSi.
_ kanonis moTxovna, rom gadawyvetilebis saapela-
cio da sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba SeuZliaT mxolod
mxareebsa da mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovniT, ver gavrceldeba udavo warmoebis wesiT
gamotanil gadawyvetilebebze iuridiuli faqtis dad-
genis Sesaxeb, radagan aseTi warmoebis dros aris mxo-
lod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, mesame pire-
bi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, Tanamonawi-
leebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi).
aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis
Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba SeuZlia yvela
dainteresebul pirs, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom am faq-
tis dadgeniT Seilaxa maTi ufleba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, erT-erT Tavis ganCinebaSi sa-
kasacio sasamarTlom miuTiTa:
_ Tu iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainte-
resebulma pirebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyve-
tilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT ufleba aqvT gaasaCiv-
ron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovon
misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT gan-
xilva, Tu es gadawyvetileba jer kidev ar aris Sesuli
kanonier ZalaSi.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetileba Sesulia
kanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs, SeuZliaT mi-
marTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos mi-
si baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.50
50
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da
gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 w. 13 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, saqme
#3k/681-02. dawvrilebiT ix. T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali. saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli
faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba „sani“. Tb. 2003.
552
T a v i XXXVI I
moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba
da moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadeba
gancxadeba moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod da-

kargulad aRiarebisa an moqalaqis gar-
dacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Seitane-
ba sasamarTloSi dainteresebuli piris mier
ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mi-
xedviT.
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dain-

teresebuli piris gancxadebiT fizikuri piri SeiZle-
ba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebul iqnes ug-
zo-ukvlod dakargulad, Tu misi adgilsamyofeli uc-
nobia da ori wlis manZilze igi ar gamoCenila Tavis
sacxovrebel adgilas.
amave kodeqsis 22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri SeiZleba
gamocxaddes gardacvlilad, Tu mis sacxovrebel ad-
gilas xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba cnobebi am
piris adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu igi ug-
zo-ukvlod daikarga iseT garemoebebSi, romelic mas
sikvdils uqadda, anda savaraudoa misi daRupva raime
ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo da aseTi cnobebi eqvsi Tvis
ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba. kidev ufro Sekvecili va-
debia, roca piri ugzo-ukvlod daikarga saomar piro-
bebSi.
_ gancxadeba piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRi-
arebis an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb SeuZ-
liaT Seitanon dainteresebulma pirebma, magram Tu
vin iTvleba dainteresebul pirebad kanonSi miTiTe-
buli araa.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad, kanoniT memkvidreebi moipoveben uflebas,
553
ukvalod dakargulis qoneba marTon mindobili sakuT-

rebis saxiT, maT Soris, miiRon misgan sargebeli. am qo-
nebidan miecema sarCo ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis rCe-
naze myof pirebs da daifareba valebi. piris gardacv-
lilad aRiarebis iuridiuli interesi SeiZleba hqon-
deT im pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT miiRon samkvidro
qoneba memkvidreobiT (memkvidreebs). am pirebs, e. i.
memkvidreebs SeuZliaT Seitanon gancxadeba rogorc
piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargvis, ise misi gardacvlilad
gamocxadebis Sesaxeb.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom arc kanonismieri da arc
anderZismieri memkvidreebi ar arsebobdnen, aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi qoneba (umkvidro qoneba) gadadis xazinaze,
aqedan gamomdinare, piris gardacvlilad gamocxade-
bis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Seitanos sasamarTlo-
Si xazinam.
_ gancxadeba Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeb-
lis, e. i. dainteresebuli piris sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT.
gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra mizni-

saTvis sWirdeba ganmcxadebels moqalaqis
ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba da misi
gardacvlilad gamocxadeba, agreTve gare-
moebani, romlebiTac dasturdeba moqala-
qis ugzo-ukvlod dakargva, anda romle-
bic ugzo-ukvlod dakarguls sikvdilis
safrTxes uqmnidnen an safuZvels iZlevian
misi daRupvis varaudisaTvis garkveuli ube-
duri SemTxvevis Sedegad.
_ mizani piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebi-

sa, Tu misi gardacvlilad gamocxadebisa SeiZleba sxva-
dasxva iyos, rogoricaa: qonebis mindobili sakuTre-
biT marTva, ganqorwineba, qonebis memkvidreobiT mi-
554
Reba (memkvidreobis gaxsna), marCenalis sikvdilis ga-

mo pensiis miReba da a. S. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqalaqis
gamocxadeba gardacvlilad iwvevs igive iuridiul Se-
degs, rasac moqalaqis gardacvaleba (samoqalaqo ko-
deqsis 1122-e da 1319-e muxlebi). magram ugzo-ukvlod
an gardacvlilad gamocxadebas ar SeiZleba miznad
hqondes sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis
Sewyveta.
_ gancxadebaSi garda miznisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos
iseT garemoebaze, romlebic adastureben ugzo-ukv-
lod dakargvas an gardacvalebas. magaliTad, samisa-
marTo biuroebis uaryofiTi pasuxebi, aseTive uaryo-
fiTi cnobebi misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb samuSao
Tu bolo an savaraudo adgilebidan da a. S. Tu gancxa-
deba moiTxovs moqalaqis gardacvlilad aRiarebas, ma-
Sin miTiTebuli unda iyos garemoebebze, romlebic sik-
vdiliT emuqreboda moqalaqes, magaliTad, saaviacio
Tu avtokatastrofebi, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba da a. S.
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 22-e muxli).
muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba

gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg
sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis momza-

debisas mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, Tu ro-
mel pirebs SeuZliaT miawodon cnobebi
dakargulis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamohkiTxavs
saTanado organoebs dakarguli piris Se-
saxeb misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli an sa-
muSao adgilis mixedviT.
_ ise rogorc udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilvel

yvela saqmes, am kategoriis saqmeebsac winaswar amza-
debs sasamarTlo gansaxilvelad.
saqme isaa, rom moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargu-
lad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba iwvevs metad seri-
ozul samarTlebriv Sedegebs. amitom, sasamarTlos va-
555
raudi piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvli-

lad gamocxadebis Taobaze unda emyarebodes iseT ga-
remoebebs, romlebic qmnian maRali xarisxis varauds
am faqtebis Sesaxeb.
_ imisaTvis, rom es varaudi efuZnebodes sakmari-
sad utyuar safuZvels, sasamarTlom TviTon ganmcxa-
deblisagan unda gaigos, Tu visgan SeiZleba saWiro
cnobebis miReba dakargulis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamouZaxos
da gamokiTxos im pirebs, an organizaciis TanamSrom-
lebs, romlebTan erTad muSaobda dakarguli bolo
dros.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom piri SeiZleba ganz-
rax gauCinardes im mizniT, raTa Tavidan aicilos sisx-
lis Tu samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba, raime valdebu-
lebebis Sesruleba da sxva. Tumca ugzo-ukvlod da-
kargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba ar warmoad-
gens sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis Sew-
yvetis safuZvels.

gadawyvetileba
1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romliTac

moqalaqe aRiarebulia ugzo-ukvlod
dakargulad, warmoadgens safuZvels
imisaTvis, rom ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis
qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaeces
samarTavad mis kanoniT memkvidree bs .
2. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romli-
Tac moqalaqe gamocxadebulia gardacvli-
lad, warmoadgens safuZvels imisaTvis, rom
moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis
organom Seitanos Canaweri am moqalaqis
gardacvalebis Sesaxeb moqalaqeobrivi mdgo-
mareobis registraciis wignSi.
556
1. moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebas

ukavSirdeba mxolod erTi Sedegi: dakargulis qoneba
mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaecema samarTavad mis
kanonier memkvidreebs. es imas niSnavs, rom, is, visac
gadaeca dakargulis qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis sa-
xiT, valdebulia daicvas samoqalaqo kodeqsis 725-729-
e muxlebis moTxovna. gamonaklisia mxolod is, rom aseT
pirTan mindobis xelSekrulebis dadeba aRaraa saWi-
ro, radgan sakuTrebis mimndobis rolSi gvevlineba sa-
samarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebis ZaliT.
_ cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebaSi naTlad da garkve-
viT unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu ra qoneba da vis gadaeca
igi samarTavad. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, e. i. am ga-
dawyvetilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli qonebis gadacema min-
dobil mesakuTreze, unda moaxdinos aRmsrulebelma.
2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba piris gardacvlilad
gamocxadebis Sesaxeb warmoadgens safuZvels saxelm-
wifo reestris mwarmoebeli teritoriuli organos
(sarmo) wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Canawe-
ris SetanisaTvis.
amis Semdeg, am faqts ukavSirdeba yvela is Sedegi,
rac piris gardacvalebas saerTod.
muxli 321. ugzo-ukvlod

dakargulad aRiarebuli an
gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli
moqalaqis gamoCenis an misi
adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis Sedegebi
ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli

an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqala-
qis gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aR-
moCenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo axali ga-
dawyvetilebiT auqmebs Tavis winandel ga-
dawyvetilebas. axali gadawyvetileba war-
moadgens moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis re-
557
gistraciis wignSi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb

Canaweris gauqmebis safuZvels.
_ moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacv-

lilad gamocxadeba yovelTvis efuZneba prezumfci-
as (varauds). amitom, es muxli uSvebs am varaudis ga-
qarwylebis SesaZleblobas. gaqarwyleba ki SeiZleba
dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebulis gamo-
CeniT an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCeniT. es unda da-
dasturdes utyuarad sasamarTlos winaSe TviTon am
piris gamocxadebiT, an oficialuri cnobiT misi ad-
gilsamyofelis Sesaxeb.
_ sasamarTlos gancxadebiT SeiZleba mimarTos im
pirma, visi gancxadebiTac piri gamocxadda dakargu-
lad an gardacvlilad, sxva dainteresebulma pirma
(317-e muxli) da cxadia, TviTon im pirma, romelic ga-
mocxadebuli iyo dakargulad an gardacvlilad.
_ gancxadebis ganxilvis Semdeg sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
axali gadawyvetileba (da ara ganCineba), romliTac auq-
mebs adre gamotanil gadawyvetilebas. es axali gadawy-
vetileba gadaecema sarmo-s, romelic mis safuZvelze
auqmebs registraciis wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Se-
saxeb Canawers, rac Tavis mxriv, iwvevs samoqalaqo ko-
deqsis 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegebs.
_ ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli piris mi-
marT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxve-
vaSi, uqmdeba am piris qonebis mindobili sakuTrebis
uflebiT sxva pirze samarTavad gadacema (samoq. ko-
deqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebs gancxa-
debaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa aRZvris Sesaxeb. da-
kargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli piris ga-
moCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis dadgenis Sesaxeb gan-
cxadebiT xdeba ara udavo warmoebiT saqmis aRZvra,
aramed adre ukve aRZruli da gadawyvetili saqmis ga-
naxleba. amitom, aseT gancxadebaze saxelmwifo baJis
Setana saWiro araa.
558
T a v i XXXVIII
moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad da
qmeduunarod aRiareba
1. saqme im moqalaqis SezRudul qmeduna-

rianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb, romelic eZale-
ba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs,
ris gamoc Tavis ojaxs mZime materialur
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, SeiZleba aRZran misi
ojaxis wevrebma an meurveobisa da mzrun-
velobis organoebma.
2. saqme fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqa-
laqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Se-
iZleba aRZran sasamarTloSi misi ojaxis
wevrebma, kanonierma warmomadgenelma me-
urveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma,
agreTve fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawese-
bulebebma.
3. gancxadeba moqalaqis SezRudul qme-
dunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis Se-
saxeb Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi am
moqalaqis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT,
xolo Tu es piri moTavsebulia fsiqiat-
riul-samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi, maSin _
samkurnalo dawesebulebis adgilmdebare-
obis mixedviT.
1. SezRudul qmedunarianad iTvleba arasrulwlo-

vani Svididan Tvramet wlamde, magram SezRudul qme-
dunarianad iTvleba agreTve srulwlovani, romelic
sasamarTlom aRiara aseTad.
am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs srulwlovanebi, rom-
lebic eZalebian alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas.
SezRudul qmedunarianad piris aRiarebis Sesaxeb
559
sasamarTlos SeiZleba mimarTon am piris ojaxis wev-

rebma an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma. es
CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi da misi gafarToeba da-
uSvebelia. saqme isaa, rom piri, romelic eZaleba al-
kohols an narkotikul nivTierebas, mZime materialur
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavis ojaxs. amitom, pirvel
rigSi, misi ojaxis wevrebi unda iyvnen dainteresebu-
li am piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebiT. me-
urveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma, praqtikulad
SeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, rode-
sac aseT pirs ar hyavs ojaxSi srulwlovani wevri an
maT mimarTaven TxovniT ojaxis wevrebi, Seutanon sa-
samarTloSi gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmedunaria-
nad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
2. yoveli srulwlovani piri iTvleba qmedunaria-
nad, sanam misi qmeduunaroba araa aRiarebuli sasamar-
Tlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT (sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli).
_ garda ojaxis wevrebisa, kanonieri warmomadgen-
lebisa da meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebisa,
fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqalaqis qmeduunarod
aRiarebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT sasamarTlos SeiZleba
mimarTon fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebebma.
es CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi, rac imas niSnavs, rom
sxva pirisagan (organosagan) ar unda miiRos gancxade-
ba (186-e muxli).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTloSi gancxade-
ba Seaqvs ara ojaxis wevrs, an kanonier warmomadgenels
aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos, an fsi-
qiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebas, saqmis ganxil-
vaSi Cabmuli unda iqnes ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebi.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadeba piris qmedu-
unarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Seaqvs arauflebamosil pirs
(organos), sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos aseTi gancxa-
deba, xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo, datovos igi ganuxil-
velad (275-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti).
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs teritoriul
560
gansjadobas. gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmeduuna-

rod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes am piris sac-
xovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu es piri moTav-
sebulia fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi, maSin am dawe-
sebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT.
gansjadobis aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia piris mi-
marT yvela saWiro faqtobrivi garemoebisa da mtkice-
bulebis ukeT Seswavlis, Semowmebisa da gamokvlevis
interesebiT.

1. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis SezRudul qme-
dunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb miTiTebul
unda iqnes garemoebebze, romlebic adas-
tureben, rom piri, romelic eZaleba al-
kohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs, mZime
materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavis
ojaxs.
2. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis qmeduunarod
aRiarebis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos garemo-
ebani, romlebic adastureben fsiqikur aS-
lilobas, ris gamoc mas ar SeuZlia Seig-
nos Tavisi moqmedebis mniSvneloba an gana-
gos igi.
1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvis

aucilebelia dadasturdes ara marto is, rom igi bo-
rotad iyenebs alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas,
aramed isic, rom amis gamo igi Tavis ojaxs mZime mate-
rialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs.
amitom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos ara mar-
to iseT garemoebebze, romlebic adastureben aRniS-
nul garemoebebs, aramed gancxadebas Tan unda erT-
vodes mtkicebulebebic am garemoebaTa dasadastu-
reblad (cnobebi samedicino dawesebulebebidan, sae-
qimo daskvnebi, mkurnalobis Sesaxeb cnobebi da a. S.).
561
_ Tu gancxadeba ar Seicavs miTiTebas am garemoe-

bebze an Tu mas ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi,
sasamarTlom unda dauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xar-
vezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevse-
buli, igi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi
miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e muxli).
2. gancxadeba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Se-
saxeb unda pasuxobdes aq miTiTebul moTxovnebs da
mas unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adas-
tureben piris fsiqikur aSlilobas (amonaweri misi
avadmyofobis istoriidan, cnobebi misi fsiqiatriul
saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobis Sesaxeb, mowmeTa Cvenebe-
bi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon piris iseTi saq-
cieli, romelic ar axasiaTebs jansaR adamians da a. S.).
_ Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, an mas
Tan ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, sasamarT-
lo dauniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels, Seavsos xarvezi,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxa-
debis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e
muxli).
muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvna

moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis
gansazRvris mizniT
Tu arsebobs sakmao cnobebi moqalaqis
fsiqikuri aSlilobis Sesaxeb, ganmcxadebels
ufleba aqvs saqmis momzadebis stadiaze
sasamarTlos warudginos mis mier mowveu-
li fsiqiatriuli eqspertis daskvna am
moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Taoba-
ze. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, Tu piri,
romlis mimarTac aRZrulia saqme misi qmed-
uunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, aSkarad Tavs
aridebs saeqsperto Semowmebas, ganmcxade-
blis TxovniT, sasamarTlos Tavis sxdomaze
fsiqiatris monawileobiT SeuZlia gam-
562
oitanos ganCineba fsiqiatriuli eqspert-

izisTvis moqalaqis iZulebiT gagzavnis
Taobaze.
_ es muxli uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels warudg-

inos sasamarTlos mis mier mowveuli fsiqiatriuli
eqspertizis daskvna. fsiqiatriuli eqspertiza Seu-
Zlia daniSnos sasamarTlomac, oRond „ganmcxadeblis
TxovniT“.
sasamarTlos, aseve ganmcxadeblis TxovniT, Seu-
Zlia daadginos agreTve fsiqiatriuli eqspertizaze
im piris iZulebiT gagzavna, romlis mimarT aRZrulia
saqme misi qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, eqspert-
izis winaSe SeiZleba daisvas iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic
moiTxoven specialur codnas, kerZod, aris Tu ara
piri fsiqikurad daavadebuli. magram am sakiTxis
garkveva ar kmara, fsiqikuri aSliloba jer kidev ar
niSnavs, rom pirs ar Seswevs unari sworad imoqmedos
da angariSi gauwios Tavis moqmedebas. amitom, eqsper-
tis w inaSe unda daisvas agreTve sakiTxi: a) aqvs Tu
ara pirs unari Seignos Tavisi moqmedebis mniS-
vneloba (inteleqtualuri niSani); b) ixelmZRvane-
los (ganagos) amiT (nebelobiTi niSani).
am monacemebis safuZvelze daskvnas piris qmedu-
unarobis, rogorc iuridiuli cnebis, Sesaxeb akeTebs
sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi .
fsiqiatriul eqspertizaze piris iZulebiTi gagza-
vna dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es piri
Tavs aridebs nebayoflobiT Semowmebas. ganCineba amis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs fsiqiatrisa da polici-
is TanamSromelTa monawileobiT.
muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva
1. saqmes moqalaqis SezRudul qmeduna-

rianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gani-
xilavs am moqalaqis da meurveobisa da
563
mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis sa-

valdebulo monawileobiT.
2. saqmes moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiare-
bis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs meurve-
obisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmo-
madgenlis savaldebulo monawileobiT. mo-
qalaqes, romelic aRiarebul unda iqnes
qmeduunarod, daibareben sasamarTlo sxdo-
maze, Tu es SesaZlebelia misi janmrTelo-
bis mdgomareobis mixedviT.
3. ganmcxadebeli moqalaqis SezRudul
qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis
Sesaxeb ganTavisuflebulia saqmis ganxil-
vasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo xarje-
bis gadaxdisagan.
1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebas win un-

da uswrebdes saqmis momzadeba. am mizniT, SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs unda gaegzavnos ganc-
xadebisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebi, ga-
moTxovil iqnes misgan werilobiTi mosazrebebi, gaeg-
zavnos Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT saqmis
mTavar sxdomaze misi SezRudul qmedunarianad aRia-
rebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisa da misi savaldebulo
monawileobis Sesaxeb.
Tu es piri ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba saq-
mis masalebis mixedviT (da ara dauswrebeli gadawyve-
tileba). policiis meSveobiT am piris gamocxadebis uz-
runvelyofa dauSvebelia.
_ saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis misaRebad mizan-
Sewonilia mowveul iqnes (sasamarTlos iniciativiT)
SezRudul qmeunarianad aRiarebuli piris ojaxis
srulwlovani wevrebi.
SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs eniSne-
ba mzrunveli (326-e muxli). amitom, maTi monawileoba
saqmis ganxilvaSi savaldebuloa, ris Sesaxebac unda
564
ecnobos am organoebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-

e muxlebi); Tu, miuxedavad amisa, am organos warmomad-
geneli ar gamocxaddeba daniSnul dRes sxdomaze, sa-
samarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da ganmeore-
biT Seatyobinos mas da mis zemdgom organos, rom maTi
monawileoba savaldebuloa.
2. qmeduunarod aRiarebul moqalaqes eniSneba me-
urve. amitom, am saqmis ganxilvisas aseve savaldebu-
loa meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomad-
genlis monawileoba, ris Sesaxebac droulad unda ec-
nobos am organos. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo
sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba aRniSnuli organos warmo-
madgeneli, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxil-
va da Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb am organos da mis zemd-
gom organos, romlis zemoqmedebiTac unda moxdes aR-
niSnuli organos warmomadgenlis saqmis ganxilvaSi mo-
nawileobis uzrunvelyofa. ganmeorebiT gamoucxa-
deblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
saqme. policiis meSveobiT meurveobisa da mzrunvelo-
bis organos warmomadgenlis procesSi monawileobis
uzrunvelyofa mizanSeuwonelia.
3. piri, romelmac Seitana gancxadeba (ganmcxadebe-
li) piris SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod
aRiarebis Sesaxeb, ganTavisuflebulia rogorc saxel-
mwifo baJis, ise saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli
sxva xarjebisagan.

gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo
1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romli-
Tac moqalaqe aRiarebulia SezRudul qme-
dunarianad, warmoadgens safuZvels meur-
veobisa da mzrunvelobis organosaTvis
mzrunvelis dasaniSnavad.
2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romli-
Tac moqalaqe aRiarebulia qmeduunarod,
565
warmoadgens safuZvels meurveobisa da

mzrunvelobis organosaTvis meurvis dasa-
niSnavad.
1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi, romliTac piri

aRiarebulia SezRudul qmedunarianad, miTiTebuli
unda iyos, rom am pirs daeniSnos mzrunveli. mzrun-
vels niSnavs ara uSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meur-
veobisa da mzrunvelobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeq-
sis 1281-e muxlis pirveli nawili). kerZod, socialuri
uzrunvelyofis adgilobrivi organo (samoqalaqo ko-
deqsis 1278-e muxli).
2. qmeduunarod sasamarTlos mier aRiarebul pirs
eniSneba meurve. gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamar-
Tlo valdebulia am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlidan araugvianes sami dRisa acnobos amis Sesa-
xeb meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos im piris
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, romelic saWiroebs
meurves.
meurvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos sa-
samarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, magram meurves niSnavs ara
uSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meurveobisa da mzrunve-
lobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1280-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pi-
risaTvis meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebad
gvevlineba, _ janmrTelobis dacvis adgilobrivi or-
gano (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1278-e muxli).
muxli 327. SezRuduli

qmedunarianobis gauqmeba da
moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba
1. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-14
muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul Sem-
TxvevaSi sasamarTlos, TviT moqalaqis, mi-
si mzrunvelis, ojaxis wevris gancxadebiT,
gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moqalaqis Sez-
566
Rudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis gauqmebis

Sesaxeb.
2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12
muxlis me-6 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul Sem-
TxvevaSi sasamarTlos meurvis, fsiqiatri-
ul-samkurnalo dawesebulebis, ojaxis wev-
ris gancxadebiT, sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriu-
li eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze, ga-
moaqvs gadawyvetileba gamojanmrTelebu-
li piris qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze
uqmdeba aRniSnul pirze dawesebuli me-
urveoba.
1. gancxadeba SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmebis

Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon am muxlis pirvel nawilSi Ca-
moTvlilma pirebma. gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes
mtkicebulebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom moqalaqe, romelic aRi-
arebuli iyo SezRudul qmedunarianad, ukve ganikurna.
mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos cnobebi
Sesabamisi samkurnalo dawesebulebebidan, mowmeTa Cve-
nebebi, ojaxis wevrTa axsna-ganmartebebi da sxva.
2. am muxlis meore nawiliT gansazRvrulia im pirTa
wre, romlebsac SeuZliaT Seitanon sasamarTloSi gan-
cxadeba adre qmeduunarod gamocxadebuli piris qme-
dunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
piris qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvis aucilebelia
sasamarTlo fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvna.
_ orive SemTxvevaSi, e. i. roca sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ga-
dawyvetileba moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiare-
bis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, an moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRia-
rebis Sesaxeb, ar xdeba adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba, aramed xdeba saqmis ganaxleba. gadawyvetilebaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom uqmdeba moqalaqis SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiareba da masze mzrunveloba, an uqm-
deba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiareba da masze meurve-
obis daweseba.
567
T a v i XXXIX
dakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlo
fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze
uflebis aRdgena
(gamowveviTi warmoeba)

1. pirs, sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldis
an saordero fasiani qaRaldis dakargvis
an ganadgurebisas, kanoniT gaTvaliswine-
bul SemTxvevebSi SeuZlia sTxovos sasa-
marTlos dakarguli an ganadgurebuli fa-
siani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamocxa-
deba da maTze uflebis aRdgena.
2. gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes sasa-
marTloSi am muxlSi miTiTebuli sabuTis
gamcemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis
mixedviT.
1. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxli iTvaliswinebs

fasiani qaRaldis gamocxadebas Zaladakargulad. amis
Sesabamisad, es muxli gansazRvravs sawarmdgenlo fa-
siani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 911-e muxli) da
saordero fasiani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 926-
e muxli) dakargvis an ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi maT ba-
Tilad cnobas, Zaladakargulad gamocxadebas da maT-
ze uflebis aRdgenas,51 rac ganixileba udavo warmoe-
bis wesiT (311-e muxli).
_ fasiani qaRaldis gamomSvebi (emitenti) valde-
bulia ganmcxadebels miawodos cnobebi, romlebic au-
cilebelia sasamarTlosaTvis am gancxadebis ganxil-
vasTan dakavSirebiT (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e mux-
lis me-2 nawili).
51
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni
meoTxe, t.(Tb.,2001,gv.250-270.
568
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fasiani qaRaldis gamom-

Svebi (emitenti) ar asrulebs am movaleobas da ar awo-
debs saWiro cnobebs ganmcxadebels, maSin mas SeuZlia
ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis
komentari), iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa
man gamoiTxovos es cnobebi.
_ fasiani qaRaldebi sxvadasxva saxisaa. sasamarT-
los wesiT uflebis aRdgena dasaSvebia mxolod sawar-
mdgenlo da saordero fasian qaRaldze. sawarmdgen-
lo fasiani qaRaldi iseTi dokumentia, romelSic araa
miTiTebuli is konkretuli piri, romelsac gaaCnia
moTxovnis ufleba. amitom, aseTi ufleba warmoeSoba
nebismier pirs, vinc warmoadgens fasian qaRalds. rac
Seexeba saordero fasian qaRalds, igi gamoiwereba gan-
sazRvrul pirze, magram imis miTiTebiT, rom qaRald-
Si gamoxatuli moTxovnis ufleba aqvs ara marto mis
pirvel mflobels, aramed garkveuli pirobebis dac-
viT, nebismier sxva pirs.52 rac Seexeba fasiani qaRal-
debis iseT saxeobas, rogoricaa piradi fasiani qaRal-
di, igi gansazRvruli piris saxelze Sedgenili doku-
mentia da mxolod am pirs aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. es
imas niSnavs, rom sxvisTvis aseTi uflebis gadacema, an
qaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis miReba praqtikulad
gamoricxulia.
miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeq-
sis 928-e muxlis me-3 nawili iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu pi-
radi fasiani qaRaldi `dakarguli an ganadgurebulia,
maSin igi gansakuTrebuli (udavo) warmoebis gziT Za-
ladakargulad gamocxaddeba, Tu ki sxva ram ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli. es wesi ar moqmedebs mcire Rire-
bulebis mqone dokumentebis dakargvisas~.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis am danawesidan gamomdinare,
ssk-is XXXIX Tavi saWiroebs garkveul dazustebas, mag-
ram sanam aseTi dazusteba moxdebodes, sasamarTlo-
52
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meoTxe,
t.II, Tb.,2001,gv.251
569
ebma unda miiRon gansaxilvelad udavo warmoebis we-

siT piradi fasiani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamoc-
xadebis (baTilad cnobis) Sesaxeb gancxadeba.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas:
gancxadeba dakarguli an ganadgurebuli sawarmdgen-
lo, saordero an pirad fasian qaRaldze SeiZleba war-
dgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi am fasiani qaRaldis gam-
cemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT, rom-
lis misamarTi miTiTebul unda iqnes gancxadebaSi.

gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos dakarguli
an ganadgurebuli sabuTis ganmasxvavebeli
niSnebi, sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis sa-
xelwodeba, agreTve sabuTis dakargvis ga-
remoebani.
_ garda yvela im savaldebulo monacemebisa, rom-

lebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTloSi warsadgeni gan-
cxadeba, am gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) da-
karguli (ganadgurebuli) sabuTis ganmasxvavebeli niS-
nebi (sabuTis nomeri, misi gacemis TariRi, Tanxis ode-
noba da a. S.); b) sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis zusti
saxelwodeba da misamarTi; g) garemoebebi, romelTa ga-
mo, an romelTa arsebobis pirobebSi moxda sabuTis da-
kargva Tu ganadgureba; d) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna sa-
buTis Zaladakargulad (baTilad) gamocxadebis da mas-
ze uflebis aRdgenis, agreTve am sabuTiT yovelgvari
gadaxdisa da gacemis akrZalvis Sesaxeb.
_ ganmcxadebelma ar icis vis xelSia dakarguli fa-
siani qaRaldi. es rom icodes, mas SeeZlo Semoetana
ara gancxadeba, aramed sarCeli. amitom, mas ar moeT-
xoveba miuTiTos dakarguli sabuTis xelTmqonis mi-
samarTi.
_ ganmcxadebelma unda daurTos Tavis gancxadebas
Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, xolo fasiani qaRaldis
570
gamcemi, Tavis mxriv, valdebulia miawodos mas yvela

is sabuTi, rac saWiro iqneba sasamarTlosaTvis (samo-
qalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxlis me-2 nawili). xSirad, fa-
siani qaRaldis gamcemi dawesebulebebi ar iZlevian
aseT cnobebs sasamarTlos mimarTvis gareSe. es unda
gaiTvaliswinon sasamarTloebma gancxadebis miRebis
dros.
amasTan erTad, Tu gancxadebas aqvs iseTi xarvezi,
romlis Sevsebac ganmcxadebels SeuZlia, sasamarTlom
unda gamoitanos ganCineba da daniSnos vada am xarve-
zis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli ar Seavsebs xarvezs
am vadaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas gancxade-
bis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e
muxli).

gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg
1. mosamarTle gancxadebis miRebis Sem-
deg gamoitans ganCinebas sabuTis gamcemi
dawesebulebisaTvis (pirisaTvis) am sabu-
TiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis war-
moebis akrZalvis, agreTve ganmcxadeblis
xarjze adgilobriv presaSi publikaciis
Sesaxeb.
2. aseTi ganCinebis gamotanaze uari Se-
iZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.
1. gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg sasamarT-

lo amzadebs saqmes gansaxilvelad, risTvisac is as-
rulebs yvela saWiro saproceso moqmedebas. pirveli,
rac unda gaakeTos sasamarTlom gancxadebis miRebis-
Tanave _ esaa ganCinebis miReba sabuTis gamcemi piri-
saTvis am sabuTiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis
warmoebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebis ase swrafad
miRebis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Tavi-
571
dan iqnas acilebuli gadaxdisa da gacemis aramarTl-

zomierad warmoebis SesaZlebloba.
2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari uTxras ganmcxadebels
gadaxdisa da gacemis warmoebis akrZalvaze, magram gan-
mcxadebels SeuZlia am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Se-
tana (414-420-e muxlebi).
muxli 331. publikacia
publikacia unda Seicavdes:

a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic
Setanilia gancxadeba sabuTis dakargvis
Sesaxeb;
b) ganmcxadeblis dasaxelebasa da mis sac-
xovrebel adgils;
g) sabuTis dasaxelebasa da ganmasxvave-
bel niSnebs;
d) winadadebas im sabuTis xelTmqonis
mimarT, romlis dakargvis Sesaxebac Seta-
nilia gancxadeba, rom man publikaciis dRi-
dan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos ganc-
xadeba sasamarTloSi am sabuTze Tavisi
uflebis Sesaxeb.
_ publikacia savaldebuloa da unda Secavdes yve-

la im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli.
_ publikaciis savaldebuloba ganpirobebulia
imiT, rom sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs gancxadebas da
ver gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, sanam ar gava sami Tve
publikaciidan. am sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sabuTis xel-
Tmqonem unda ganacxados publikaciaSi miTiTebul sa-
buTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb. Tu am vadaSi aseTi gan-
cxadeba Semova, saqme SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes saer-
To sasarCelo wesiT (333-e muxli).
_ publikacia SeiZleba moxdes adgilobriv presaSi.
572
muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonis

gancxadeba
im sabuTis xelTmqone, romlis dakargvis

Sesaxebac gancxadebulia, valdebulia pub-
likaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamde
ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi Seita-
nos gancxadeba sabuTze Tavisi uflebis
Sesaxeb da amasTan erTad waradginos sa-
buTis dedanic.
_ sabuTis xelTmqonis arc vinaoba da arc misamarTi

cnobili araa. amitom, misi dabareba (gamoZaxeba) ssk-is
70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT ver moxerxdeba.
aseT SemTxvevaSi presis saSualebiT sabuTis xelTm-
qonis gamoZaxeba, misi uflebis dacvis mniSvnelovani
garantiaa: mas SeuZlia publikaciidan sami Tvis ganmav-
lobaSi Seitanos sasamarTloSi gancxadeba sabuTze Ta-
visi uflebis Sesaxeb.
_ am muxlSi miTiTebulia sabuTis dedanze, rome-
lic sabuTis xelTmqonem unda daurTos Tavis gancxa-
debas, magram dasaSvebia am sabuTis aslis darTvac, im
pirobiT, rom dedani mogvianebiT iqneba warmodgeni-
li mis mier.
_ am muxlSi miTiTebuli samTviani vadis dena iwyeba
ara sasamarTlos mier publikaciis Sesaxeb ganCinebis
miRebidan, aramed publikaciis gazeTSi gamoqveynebis
dRidan.

sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis
miRebis Semdeg
1. Tu sabuTis xelTmqonem publikaciis

dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamde Seitana
sasamarTloSi gancxadeba, sasamarTlo gan-
cxadebas sabuTis dakargvis Sesaxeb sasa-
573
marTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs da da-

adgens vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic sa-
buTis gamcem dawesebulebas (pirs) aukr-
Zalavs awarmoos am sabuTiT gadaxda da
gacema. es vada ar SeiZleba aRematebodes
2 Tves.
2. imavdroulad sasamarTlo ganumartavs
ganmcxadebels mis uflebas aRZras sarCe-
li sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo we-
siT im piris mimarT, visac xelTa aqvs sa-
buTi, xolo am ukanasknels _ mis uflebas
gadaaxdevinos ganmcxadebels zarali, rac
gamowveulia akrZalvis RonisZiebiT. sasa-
marTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo sa-
Civris Setana.
1. sabuTis xelTmqonis mier sasamarTloSi gancxade-

bis droulad Setana am sabuTze misi uflebis Sesaxeb,
warmoadgens ganmcxadeblis mier Semotanili gancxade-
bis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvels, ris Sesaxebac
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. amave ganCinebiT sasa-
marTlo gansazRvravs vadas ara umetes ori Tvisa, rom-
lis ganmavlobaSi aikrZaleba am sabuTiT gadaxda da ga-
cema. aq mocemulia maqsimaluri vada. sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia daniSnos ufro Semcirebulia vada.
2. garda zemoaRniSnulisa, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos: a) ganmcxadeblis ufleba aRZras sarCeli sa-
buTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris wina-
aRmdeg, visac xelT aqvs es sabuTi; b) sabuTis xelTmqo-
nis ufleba, moiTxovos ganmcxadeblisagan im zaralis
anazRaureba, rac gamowveuli iyo am sabuTiT gadaxdisa
da gacemis aramarTlzomierad akrZalviT; g) sabuTis
gamcemi dawesebulebis gafrTxileba, rom, Tu igi, miu-
xedavad akrZalvisa, mainc moaxdens am sabuTiT gadax-
das, mas daekisreba materialuri pasuxismgebloba im pi-
ris mimarT, romelic sasamarTlom aRiara dakarguli sa-
buTis mesakuTred.
574
sarCeli, Tu igi iqneba wardgenili, unda aRiZras sa-

erTo wesiT da maT Soris, gansjadobis dacviT, e. i. igi
unda aRiZras ara sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis, ara-
med mopasuxis sacxovrebeli (adgilsamyofeli) adgi-
lis mixedviT.
_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze gancxadebis ganuxilve-
lad datovebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Seta-
na (414-420-e muxlebi).
muxli 334. saqmis daniSvna

gansaxilvelad
saqmes dakarguli sabuTebis baTilad cno-
bis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs publi-
kaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlis Sem-
deg, Tu sabuTis xelTmqonisagan ar Semo-
vida 332-e muxlSi miTiTebuli gancxade-
ba.
_ samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba ara im dRidan,

roca sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba publikaciis
Sesaxeb (330-e muxli), aramed publikaciis dRidan.
publikaciis dRed iTvleba im gazeTis gamoSvebis
dRe (ricxvi), romelSiac es publikaciaa moTavsebu-
li.
_ publikaciidan samTviani vadis gasvla aris ganc-
xadebis ganxilvis dasaSvebobis piroba. es imas niS-
navs, rom Tu sabuTis xelTmqonis mier gancxadeba Se-
movida mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom daniSna saqmis
ganxilva, an am saqmis ganxilvamde da gadawyvetamde,
sasamarTlom, miuxedavad amisa, mainc ganuxilvelad
unda datovos gancxadeba da urCios ganmcxadebels
aRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT (333-e muxli).
575

gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo
ganmcxadeblis Txovnis dakmayofilebis

SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans gadaw
yvetilebas, romliTac Zaladkargulad ga
moacxadebs dakargul sabuTs. es gadayvetile
ba uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels, miiRos
anabari an axali sabuTi Zaladakargulad
gamocxadebuli sabuTis nacvlad.
_ publikaciis dRidan sami Tvis vadis gasvlis Sem-

deg sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis Semoutanlo-
ba warmoSobs varauds (prezumfcias), rom dakarguli
sabuTi marTlac ekuTvnis ganmcxadebels. am varaudis
gasaqarwyleblad sasamarTlom mizanSewonilia gamo-
uZaxos sasamarTlo sxdomaze da mousminos sabuTis
gamcemi dawesebulebis warmomadgenels, rac SeiZleba
gulmodgined Seamowmos saqmeSi arsebuli masalebi,
TviTon ganmcxadeblis axsna-ganmarteba.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs
gancxadebas, e. i. gamoacxadebs sabuTs Zaladakargu-
lad (baTilad), igi gamoitans amis Sesaxeb gadawyveti-
lebas, romelic kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg war-
moadgens axali sabuTis (axali sawarmdgenlo, saorde-
ro Tu piradi fasiani qaRaldis) gacemis safuZvels.
muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonis

ufleba, aRZras sarCeli qonebis
usafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb
sabuTis xelTmqones, romelsac raime mi-

zeziT droulad ar ganucxadebia Tavisi
ufleba am sabuTze, dakarguli sabuTis
Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb sasa-
marTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli
576
qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis an dazogvis

Taobaze im piris mimarT, romelsac mieniWa
dakargulis nacvlad axali sabuTis miReb-
is ufleba“.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs sabuTis xelTmqonis uf-

lebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvis wess im Sem-
TxvevaSi, roca gadawyvetileba mis xelT arsebuli do-
kumentis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Se-
vida kanonier ZalaSi. xolo manamde Tavisi ufleba am
sabuTze mas, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar ganucxadebia.
aseT SemTxvevaSi mas SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli im piris
mimarT, visac mieniWa axali sabuTis miRebis ufleba,
qonebis usafuZvlo SeZenis an dazogvis gamo.
_ aseTi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlam-
de sabuTis xelTmqones unda mieces ufleba gaasaCiv-
ros igi saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT.
577
T a v i XL
qonebis upatronod cnoba
gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Se-

saxeb sasamarTloSi Seaqvs im pirs, rome-
lic daeufla qonebas fizikuri piris sac-
xovrebeli adgilis an iuridiuli piris
adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.
_ am TavSi igulisxmeba mxolod moZravi nivTebis

upatronod cnoba, radgan mitovebul (ùpatrono~) uZ-
rav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebas iZens mxolod saxel-
mwifo.
_ gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb Se-
iZleba Seitanos im pirma, romelic daeufla qonebas,
anu romelic faqtiurad flobs upatrono qonebas. qo-
nebas SeiZleba daeuflos da, Sesabamisad, gancxade-
biT SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos, rogorc fizikur-
ma, ise iuridiulma pirma.
gancxadeba Setanili unda iqnes ganmcxadeblis sac-
xovrebeli adgilis miexdviT, xolo Tu ganmcxadebe-
li iuridiuli piria _ misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.

qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb gan-
cxadebaSi miTiTebul unda iqnes: romeli
qoneba unda iyos cnobili upatronod;
rogoria am qonebis ganmasxvavebeli niSne-
bi, mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasture-
ben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas am
qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis SenarCune-
bis ganzraxvis gareSe; agreTve mtkicebu-
leba imis Taobaze, rom ganmcxadebeli da-
578
eufla iseT qonebas, romlis miTvisebac

kanoniT ar ikrZaleba da ar irRveva im
piris uflebebi, romelsac am nivTis miT-
visebis ufleba hqonda.
gancxadebis Sinaarsi bevradaa ganpirobebuli samo-

qalaqo kodeqsis 190-e muxlis danawesiT. am muxlis Ta-
naxmad, Tu piri mflobelobaSi iRebs upatrono moZ-
rav nivTs, igi iZens sakuTrebas nivTze, Tu misi miTvi-
seba araa akrZaluli kanoniT (magaliTad, narkotiku-
li nivTiereba, iaraRi da a. S.). moZravi nivTi upatro-
nod iTvleba, Tu uwindeli mesakuTre sakuTrebaze ua-
ris Tqmis mizniT nivTis mflobelobas miatovebs.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, gancxadebaSi sxva monacemeb-
Tan erTad miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) qonebis ganmasxva-
vebeli niSnebi; b) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastu-
reben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas, am qonebaze
sakuTrebis uflebis SenarCunebis ganzraxvis gareSe
(magaliTad, satransporto saSualebis, sasoflo-same-
urneo teqnikis quCaSi an mindvrad mitoveba); g) mtki-
cebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom am qonebis (nivTis) miTvi-
seba araa akrZaluli kanoniT.
mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miTiTebulia gancxa-
debaSi, Tan unda erTvodes am gancxadebas.
_ Tu gancxadebas aqvs xarvezi, sasamarTlom unda
misces ganmcxadebels vada misi SevsebisaTvis. Tu am
vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlom gan-
cxadeba ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi (185-e muxli).
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
muxli 339. publikacia

gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg sasamarTlo
adgilobriv gazeTSi aqveynebs cnobas, ro-
melic unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac
unda miiRos gadawyvetileba qonebis upat-
579
ronod gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;

b) ganmcxadeblis vinaobas;
g) im qonebis aRweras, romelic upatro-
nod unda gamocxaddes;
d) moTxovnas im pirTa mimarT, romelTac
SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qonebaze, ro-
melic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTa
maT ganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uf-
lebebis Sesaxeb 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRi-
dan publikaciisa.
_ publikacia savaldebuloa da igi unda Seicavdes

yvela im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli.
gancxadebis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba da-
saSvebia mxolod publikaciidan sami Tvis gasvlis Sem-
deg. samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba publikaciis ga-
zeTSi gamoqveynebis dRidan. publikacia SeiZleba ad-
gilobriv gazeTSi gamoqveyndes.
_ publikacia unda Seicavdes moTxovnas im pirTa
mimarT, romelTac SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qone-
baze, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTa maT
ganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uflebis Sesaxeb
sami Tvis vadaSi dRidan publikaciisa.
muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis

sasarCelo wesiT dacva
1. Tu 339-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT

gaTvaliswinebul vadaSi sasamarTloSi Se-
mova gancxadeba qonebaze uflebis Sesaxeb,
maSin sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebiT ganux-
ilvelad tovebs gancxadebas qonebis upa-
tronod cnobis Sesaxeb da winadadebiT
mimarTavs ganmcxadebels, aRZras aRiarebi-
Ti sarCeli im piris mimarT, romelmac ga-
nacxada Tavisi ufleba qonebaze.
2. Tu daniSnuli vadis gasvlamde sasa-
580
marTloSi ar Semova gancxadeba qonebaze

uflebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo ganixilavs
saqmes da gamohkiTxavs im pirebs, romelT-
ac SeuZliaT cnobebis miwodeba qonebis
kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamoiTxovs
cnobebs Sesabamisi organoebidan.
1. sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs gancxadebas

udavo warmoebis wesiT, qonebis upatronod cnobis
Sesaxeb Tu publikaciis Sedegad piri ganacxadebs Tavis
uflebas am qonebaze. ganmcxadebels SeuZlia aseT
SemTxvevaSi aRZras aRiarebiTi sarCeli (ssk-is 180-e
muxli), romelic ganixileba saerTo wesis dacviT.
2. Tu publikaciis Sedegad aravin ar ganacxadebs
Tavis pretenzias qonebaze, maSin sasamarTlo ganix-
ilavs gancxadebas udavo warmoebis wesiT. saqmis mo-
mzadebis mizniT sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios Tu vis
SeuZlia miawodos cnobebi qonebis kuTvnilebis Sesax-
eb da gamouZaxos da gamokiTxos isini sasamarTlo sx-
domaze.

gadawyvetileba
Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom qonebas ara
hyavs mesakuTre, an es qoneba mitovebulia
mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom
SeinarCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis uf-
leba, mas gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moZravi
qonebis upatronod cnobisa da misi im pi-
ris sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb, rome-
lic daeufla am qonebas.
_ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoitanos gadawy-

vetileba, ori mTavari da ZiriTadi garemoeba unda da-
aginos: pirveli _ qonebas ar hyavs mesakuTre, e. i. ver
dadginda, Tu vinaa mesakuTre; meore _ qoneba mitove-
581
bulia mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom Sei-

narCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, e. i. uwin-
delma mesakuTrem miatova nivTze mflobeloba sakuT-
rebaze uaris Tqmis mizniT.@ 53
erT-erTi garemoebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi sa-
samarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas moZravi qonebis
upatronod cnobisa da misi ganmcxadeblis (e. i. im pi-
ris, romelic daeufla qonebas) sakuTrebaSi gadace-
mis Sesaxeb. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arcerTi zemoT
miTiTebuli garemoeba ar dadasturdeba, sasamarTlo
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas gancxadebis dakmayofile-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, anu qonebis upatronod cno-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
53
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore,
Tb., 1999, gv. 125
582
T a v i XLI
sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia -
amoRebulia
muxli 342-348 amoRebulia
T a v i XLII
Svilad ayvana
muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis

Sesaxeb
gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb Seita-
neba sasamarTloSi mSvileblis an Svilad
asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
_ administraciuli wesiT Svilad ayvanis sakiTxis

gadawyvetisas daSvebulma uxeSma Secdomebma ganapi-
roba am uaRresad mniSvnelovani sakiTxis sasamarTlo
wesiT gadawyvetis aucilebloba. samoqalaqo kodeqsis
1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, amieridan Svilad ayvanis sa-
kiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo, riTac mniSvnelovnad
gaZlierda rogorc Svilad asayvanis, ise mSvileblis
interesebis dacvis garantiebi.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiul gansjadobas:
gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi ro-
gorc mSvileblis, ise Svilad asayvanis sacxovrebeli ad-
gilis mixedviT. arCevanis ufleba aqvs ganmcxadebels.
_ gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sasa-
marTloSi Seitanos nebismierma srulwlovanma da qme-
dunarianma pirma, garda im pirisa: a) romelsac Camor-
Tmeuli aqvs mSoblis ufleba; b) adre hyavda naSvile-
bi, magram Svileba gauqmda mis mier mSvileblis mova-
leobis arajerovnad Sesrulebis gamo; g) romelsac
583
avadmyofobis, moraluri an sxva piradi Tvisebis gamo

ar SeuZlia ganaxorcielos mSoblis uflebebi (sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis 1245-e muxli).
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bavSvi Svilad ahyavs ara
orive, aramed erT-erT meuRles, saWiroa meore meuR-
lis Tanxmoba.
1. gancxadebaSi Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb

miTiTebuli unda iyos monacemebi Svilad
asayvanisa da mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) Se-
saxeb, agreTve garemoebebi, romlebic adas-
tureben, rom Svileba xdeba bavSvis ke-
TildReobisa da interesebisaTvis.
2. gancxadebas Tan unda erTodes:
a) meuRlis Tanxmoba, roca bavSvi Svilad
ahyavs erT-erT meuRles;
b) gasaSvilebeli bavSvis mSoblebis Tan-
xmoba;
g) meurvis (mzrunvelis) Tanxmoba im bav-
Svis Svilad ayvanaze, romelic meurveoba-
Sia, Tu mas mSoblebi ara hyavs;
d) amoRebulia;
3. sasamarTlos, ganmcxadeblis TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia gamoiTxovos
saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelo-
bis mqone mtkicebulebebi, agreTve ganixi-
los saqme daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
_ Svilad ayvana dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu is Seesabameba bavSvis keTildReobasa da intere-
sebs da mosalodnelia, rom mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs
Soris warmoiSoba iseTive urTierToba, rogoric mSo-
belsa da naSvilebs Soris.54
54
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni mexuTe.
Tb. 2000, gv. 244
584
1. aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis pirveli nawili mo-

iTxovs, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli iyos mSvileb-
lisa da Svilad asayvanis Sesaxeb monacemebi, kerZod,
mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) daxasiaTeba misi samuSao
adgilidan, agreTve masTan erT saxlSi mcxovrebi pi-
rebisagan, romlebic Seicaven cnobebs Svilad amyva-
nis moralur-zneobrivi da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis mo-
sazreba mis Sesaxeb, rac am organoebis daskvnaSi iqne-
ba Camoyalibebuli da a.S.
2. gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi wi-
napirobaa sasamarTloSi im sabuTebis warmodgena, rom-
lebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi. es sabuTe-
bi Tan unda erTvodes gancxadebas.
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Svi-
lad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamoita-
nos sasamarTlom mxolod meurveobisa da mzrunvelo-
bis organos daskvnis miRebis Semdeg. es daskvna SeiZ-
leba Seicavdes mSvileblis daxasiaTebasac, agreTve
garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben, rom Svileba xde-
ba bavSvis interesebisaTvis. amave daskvnaSi unda iyos
am organoebis Tanxmoba gaSvilebaze, rac saWiroa mxo-
lod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gasaSvilebeli meurveo-
baSia da mas ar hyavs mSoblebi.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom mSob-
lebs SeuZliaT gaSvilebaze Tanxmoba ganacxadon mSvi-
leblis (konkretuli piris) miuTiTeblad. mSvileblis
SerCeva maT SeuZliaT miandon meurveobisa da mzrun-
velobis organos (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1251-e muxli).
3. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas Zli-
er SezRudulia SejibrebiTobis principis moqmedeba,
radgan aq ar gvyavs urTierTdapirispirebuli, modave
mxareebi. amitom, aq ar gvaqvs WeSmaritebis dadgenis
is garantiebi, romlebic sasarCelo warmoebis dros
aris .
am xarvezis Sevseba xdeba sasamarTlos aqtiuri ro-
liT, romelsac SeuZlia ara marto ganmcxadeblis Txov-
585
niT, aramed Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos mtkice-

bulebebi, gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis daxurul sxdo-
maze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, Tu es misi azriT ufro mizan-
Sewonilia.

gadawyvetileba
1. Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom Svilad
ayvana Seesabameba Svilad asayvanis inte-
resebs da emsaxureba mis keTildReobas,
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis
Sesaxeb, romelic ganmcxadeblis TxovniT
sajarod ar gamocxaddeba.
2. sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebas Svi-
lad ayvanis Sesaxeb misi kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis dRidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi
registraciisaTvis gadaugzavnis moqalaqeo-
brivi mdgomareobis registraciis am ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixed-
viT.
3. Svilad ayvana namdvilia sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
dRidan.
1. gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamar-

Tlo gamoitans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saq-
meSi arsebuli masalebi safuZvels aZlevs sasamarT-
los dadasturebulad CaTvalos, rom Svileba (Svilad
ayvana) namdvilad Seesabameba gasaSvilebeli bavSvis
keTildReobasa da interesebs.
_ kanonmdebloba icavs Svilad ayvanis saidumloe-
bas da iTvaliswinebs meqanizmebs am saidumloebis dac-
vis uzrunvelsayofad, kerZod, Svilad ayvanis Sesa-
xeb cnobebis gavrceleba iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis pa-
suxismgeblobas (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 175-e
muxli), gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb mSvi-
586
leblis TxovniT sajarod ar gamocxaddeba, Svilad ay-

vanis konfidencialurobis uzrunvelsayofad SeiZle-
ba Seicvalos naSvilebi bavSvis dabadebis adgili, Tve
da ricxvi da a. S.
2. gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb kanonier
ZalaSi Sedis ssk 264-e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi da
wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb registri-
rebul, unda iqnes samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi
am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT. ami-
tom, gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sasamarTlom mSvileblis
TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos igi
samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi.
3. gadawyvetilebis registracia savaldebuloa. es
imas niSnavs, rom Svilad ayvana warmoSobs uflebebsa
da movaleobebs registraciis SemTxvevaSi, magram es
uflebebi da movaleobebi warmoiSoba ara registraci-
is momentidan, aramed gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-
laSi Sesvlis dRidan.
587
T a v i XLII1
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena
muxli 3511. dakarguli saqmis

warmoebis aRdgenis wesi
dakarguli saqmis warmoeba SeiZleba aRd-

genil iqnes mxareTa gancxadebiT.
saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZleba daikargos

sxvadasxva subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezebisa gamo
(gaqurdva, xanZari, wyaldidoba da a.S.) saqmis warmoe-
bis dakargvis gamo ki mxareebma SeiZleba veRar isarge-
blon saqmeSi arsebuli sasamarTlo aqtebiT, magali-
Tad, veRar miiRon saaRsrulebo furceli, veRar gaasa-
Civron sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba Tu ganCineba da a.S.
aqedan gamomdinare, maT eZleva SesaZlebloba moiTx-
ovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena.
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis obieqtad
gvevlineba dakarguli saqmis warmoeba, romelzec
gamotanili iyo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an gan-
Cineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. dakarguli
saqmis warmoebis aRdgena sxva saproceso dokumente-
bis aRdgenis mizniT dauSvebelia (ix.momdevno muxleb-
is komentari).
subieqtebad anu pirebad, romlebsac aqvT ufleba
moiTxovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena, gvev-
linebian mxareebi (mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTx-
ovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, Tanamonawileebi, kanon-
ieri warmomadgenlebi).

gansjad sasamarTloSi
gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRd-
genis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarT-
588
loSi an mis uflebamonacvlesTan, romelmac

gamoitana dakargul saqmeze gadawyvetileba
an (ganCineba) am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar
aris damTavrebuli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im
sasamarTloSi, romlis warmoebaSic aris es
saqme.
es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlos gansjadobas:

gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesax-
eb Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelSic mim-
dinareobda am dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da romel-
mac daamTavra am saqmis warmoeba gadawyvetilebis
gamotaniT an ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba damTavrebuli
ar iyo an damTavrebuli iyo ganCinebiT sarCelis
ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (278-e muxli), ase-
Ti saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar
unda miiRos sasamarTlom, vinaidan mxares SeuZlia
aRZras igive sarCeli. es daskvna pirdapir gamomdinar-
eobs am muxlis pirveli winadadebidan romelSiac mi-
TiTebulia sasamarTloze „romelmac gamoitana
dakargul saqmeze gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb“.
am muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlo da ara sasa-
marTlos igive Semadgenloba. ufro metic, SeiZleba
igive sasamarTlo aRarc arsebobs, rac savsebiT dasaS-
vebia sasamarTlo reformis Tu reorganizaciis
pirobebSi, magram es arafers ar niSnavs: gancxadeba Sei-
Zleba Setanil iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelic „ufle-
bamonacvled“ gvevlineba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saqme
awarmova da Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba an ganCineba saq-
mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gamoitana magaliTad,
vanis raionis sasamarTlom, maSin gancxadeba dakargu-
li saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setani-
li iqnes samtrediis raionis sasamarTloSi, romlis
samoqmedo teritoria vrceldeba vanis raionzec.
589
am muxlis me-2 winadadeba uSvebs imis SesaZleblo-

bas, rom Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar aris damTavre-
buli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romlis
warmoebaSic aris es saqme. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda
aRiniSnos, rom ise rogorc sarCelis ganuxilvelad da-
tovebis SemTxvevaSi, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlom unda
urCios mxares aRZras ganmeorebiT sarCeli.
1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:

a) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasax-
elebas;
b) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlebmac
dakargul saqmeze gamoitana gadawyvetileba
an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb;
g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu dakarguli
saqmis warmoebis ra nawilis aRdgenas moiTx-
ovs ganmcxadebeli;
d) im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebmac
aRniSnuli saqmis masalebis dakargva gam-
oiwvia;
e) miTiTebas, ra mizniT esaWiroeba ganm-
cxadebels dakarguli masalebis aRdgena;
v) saqmesTan dakavSirebul dawvrilebiT
informacias.
2. ganmcxadebas unda daerTos dokument-
ebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, romlebic
aqvs ganmcxadebels da romlebsac kavSiri
aqvs saqmesTan, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu isini
ar aris dadasturebuli dadgenili pro-
cedurebis Sesabamisad.
3. gancxadebas unda daerTos saxelmwifo
baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli qviTari,
Tu saqme daikarga ganmcxadeblis braliT.
590
1. garda cnobili rekvizitebisa, romlebsac unda

Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTulil nebismieri
gancxadeba, dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:
a) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom dakargul saqmeze
gamotanili iyo gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am saq-
mis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
amasTan erTad, miTiTebuli unda iyos romelma sasa-
marTlom da rodis gamoitana es gadawyvetileba Tu
ganCineba, agreTve ra Sinaarsisa iyo isini.
b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb dakarguli saqmis warmoe-
bis romeli nawilis aRdgenas moiTxovs ganmcxadebe-
li, kerZod moiTxovs igi am saqmeze gamotanili gada-
wyvetilebis aRdgenas Tu am saqmis warmoebis Sewyve-
tis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRdgenas;
g) SeZlebisdagvarad ganmcxadebelma unda miuTi-
Tos yvela im garemoebaze, romlebmac gamoiwvia an See-
Zlo gamoewvia saqmis masalebis dakargva;
d) gancxadebaSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos mi-
TiTebuli Tu ra miznisaTvis Wirdeba ganmcxadebels
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena.
ganmcxadeblis mizani SeiZleba mdgomareobdes
imaSi, rom sxva an imave sasamarTlom ar miiRos da ar
ganixilos igive sarCeli, anu sarCeli imave mxareebs
Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvlebiT (272-e mux-
li), romelic ukve iyo ganxiluli da gadawyvetili
dakarguli saqmis warmoebiT.
ganmcxadebels SeiZleba miznad hqondes dakar-
gul saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba
(saaRsrulebo furclis miReba), an kidev, gadaw-
yvetilebis baTilad cnoba, agreTve axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba.
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis mizanze mi-
TiTebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos;
Tu mizani ar iqneba marTlzomieri da gamarTlebu-
li - aRdgenaze uari unda iTqvas.
e) yovelgvari informacia, rac dakavSirebulia
591
dakargul saqmesTan, miTiTebuli unda iyos gancxade-

baSi, kerZod masSi unda aRiniSnos:
- ra saproceso mdgomareoba ekava ganmcxadebels -
iyo mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli
moTxovniT da a.S.
- vin iRebda monawileobas saqmis ganxilvaSi da ra
statusiT anu vin gamodioda mxared, Tanamonawiled,
mesame pirad, mowmed, eqspertad da a.S. maTi misamarTe-
bis miTiTebiT.
2. mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes do-
kumentebi, romlebsac raime kavSiri aqvT dakargul
saqmesTan. amitom, es dokumentebi unda daurTos ganmcx-
adebelma Tavis gancxadebas. cxadia, dokumentebi (maTi
aslebi) unda iyos saTanado wesiT damowmebuli, magram
daumowmebeli dokumentebic unda daerTos gancxadebas,
romlebic saTanado Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan mtkicebulebebad.
mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan
saqmeSi monawile pirTa, agreTve im mowmeebisa da
eqspertebis (specialistebis) Cvenebebi, romlebic
monawileobdnen dakarguli saqmis ganxilvaSi. isini
SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iyvnen da daikiTxon sasamarT-
lo sxdomaze, romelzec ganixileba dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis sakiTxi.
3. ganmcxadebeli ixdis saxelmwifo baJs mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis warmoeba daikarga misi
braliT. amitom, Tu warmodgenili masalebidan aSkar-
ad Cans, rom saqmis dakargva ar SeiZleboda momxdariyo
ganmcxadeblis braliT, saxelmwifo baJis gadauxdelo-
ba ar SeiZleba gaxdes gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxil-
vaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli.
muxli 3514. gancxadebis ganxilvis

wesi
1. gancxadebas dakarguli saqmis war-

moebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganix-
592
ilavs mxareTa daswrebiT, Tumca erT-erTi

an orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba ver
daabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativ-
iT an mxareTa Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze
moiwvevs pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT sasa-
marTlos miawodon informacia saqmis war-
moebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos ufle-
ba aqvs aseve gamoiTxovos informacia sa-
Tanado organoebisagan.
2. saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom unda
ixelmZRvanelos sasamarTlo procesis dar-
Cenili masalebiT, aseve mxareTa moTxovnebiT
an sxva pirTa dokumentebiT, romlebic maT
gadaecaT sasamarTlo procesis masalebis
dakargvamde, agreTve im dokumentebisa da
masalebis damowmebuli aslebiT, romlebic
saqmes Seexeba. saqmeSi monawile pirebs ufle-
ba aqvT sasamarTlos gansaxilvelad warudg-
inon maT mier momzadebuli im gadawyvetileb-
is proeqti, romelic unda ganaxldes.
3. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs mowmeebad
dakiTxos pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen
saproceso moqmedebebis Sesrulebas, da,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, is pirebic, rom-
lebic eswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas,
roca ixileboda is saqme, romlis masalebic
daikarga.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad gancxadeba

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb
ganixileba Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa
monawileobiT. es imas niSnavs, rom am sxdomaze
mowveuli unda iqnan mxareebi kanoniT dadgenili
wesiT, anu 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. mxareTa
gamoucxadebloba, marTalia, ver daabrkolebs saqmis
ganxilvas, magram, Tu sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom maTi
593
procesSi monawileobis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba

gancxadebis ganxilva da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis
miReba, man unda gadados sxdoma sxva droisaTvis da
amis Sesaxeb acnobos ganmcxadebels da sxva
dainteresebul pirebs. garda mxareebisa, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT
moiwvios sasamarTlo sxdomaze nebismieri piri,
romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamarTlos cnobebi
dakarguli saqmis Sesaxeb. sxva sityvebiT, am muxlis
pirveli nawili farTo uflebebs aniWebs sasamarTlos
saqmis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT saWiro informaciis
miRebisaTvis.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im masalebis
wres, romlebiTac SeuZlia ixelmZRvanelos
sasamarTlom gancxadebis ganxilvis dros.
am masalebis wre sakmaod farToa. sasamarTlos
evaleba gulmodgineT Seamowmos da Seafasos es
masalebi. aq erT garemoebas unda mieqces sasamarTlos
yuradReba: 3513 muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia
imis Sesaxeb, rom gancxadebas Tan unda daerTos
dokumentebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, cxadia Tu
isini aqvs ganmcxadebels, magram aqve miTiTebulia imis
Sesaxebac, rom am gancxadebas SeiZleba daerTos iseTi
dokumentebi da maTi aslebic, romlebic „ar aris
dadasturebuli dadgenili procedurebis
Sesabamisad”, anu ar aris damowmebuli dadgenili wesiT.
cxadia, aseTi dokumentebi an maTi aslebi saWiroeben
gulmodgine Semowmebas da Sefasebas sasamarTlos
mier, magram sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTobliobaSi maT
SeuZliaT didi samsaxuri gauwion sasamarTlos
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis mTlianad an nawilobriv
aRdgenaSi.
am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs metad mniSvnelovan
danawess: mxareebs da saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs
SeuZliaT aRadginon mexsierebaSi dakargul saqmeze
gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi,
Camoayalibon igi werilobiT da warudginon
594
sasamarTlos im gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) proeqti

romelic unda aRadginos sasamarTlom. cxadia, es
proeqti unda Seswavlili da Sefasebuli iqnes
sasamarTlos mier sxva masalebTan erTobliobaSi.
3. mowmeebad SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iqnan aramarto
is pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen ama Tu im saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebas (magaliTad, adgilze
daTvalierebas, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas,
mosamzadebel sxdomas da a.S.), aramed pirebi, romlebic
eswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas da ar
sargeblobdnen raime saproceso samarTlebrivi
statusiT (ar iyvnen mesame pirebi, mowmeebi,
eqspertebi, specialistebi da a.S.)

dakarguli saqmis warmoebis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesax-
eb sasamarTlo iRebs ganCinebas, romelSic
unda mieTiTos im gadawyvetilebis an gan-
Cinebis Sinaarsi, romliTac dakarguli saq-
mis warmoeba iyo damTavrebuli. ganCinebaSi
aseve unda aRiniSnos, ra saproceso mo-
qmedebebi sruldeboda dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis dros. dakarguli saqmis warmoe-
bis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmodgenili masalebis

safuZvelze sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom
dakarguli saqmis warmoeba aRdgenili unda iqnes,
kerZod aRdgenili unda iqnes gadawyvetileba
romelic gamotanili iyo dakargul saqmeze an ganCineba
am dakarguli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, mas
gamoaqvs amis Sesaxeb ara gadawyvetileba, aramed
ganCineba.
595
sasamarTos ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebis

aRdgenis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos:
a) dakarguli saqmis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, kerZod,
rogori iyo mosarCelis moTxovna, romel faqtebs
emyareboda es moTxovna, rogori iyo mopasuxis
Sesagebeli da ra garemoebebs emyareboda es
Sesagebeli, ra werilobiTi Tu nivTieri
mtkicebulebebi iyo warmodgenili mxareebis mier, vin
daikiTxa mowmeebad, eqspertebad da a.S.;
b) ra saproceso moqmedebebi Sesrulda mxareTa
Soris wamoWrili davis gadawyvetis mizniT (Catarda
adgilze daTvaliereba, moxda mtkiceulebaTa
uzrunvelyofa, Catarda mosamzadebeli sxdoma,
ganxorcielda sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da a.S.);
g) romeli konkretuli monacemebis safuZvelze
miiCnia sasamarTlom dakarguli saqmis warmoebaze
gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi
dadgenilad;
d) „ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb” rac SeiZleba zustad da
amomwuravad unda Camoyalibdes dakargul saqmeze
gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi,
misi sarezolucio nawili, anu sakuTriv
gadawyvetileba, rac SesaZleblobas miscems
saaRsrulebo organoebs aRasrulon igi, Tu, ra Tqma
unda, am ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmis warmoebis
aRdgenis Sesaxeb gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli.
amave ganCinebaSi rac SeiZleba srulad da zustad
unda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra saproceso moqmedebebi
sruldeboda dakarguli saqmis warmoebis dros,
romeli faqtebi CaiTvala damtkicebulad da
dadasturebulad, romeli materialuri Tu
saproceso normebi iqna gamoyenebuli da a.S. aqve
miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra garemoebebis da romeli
monacemebis safuZvelze miiCnia sasamarTlom
SesaZleblad aRedgina dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da
596
am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am

saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanili iqnes
kerZo saCivari 414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmis

warmoebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis

SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavi-
si ganCinebiT Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas
dakarguli sasamarTlo warmoebis aRdge-
nis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels
SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT. es
ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo sa-
CivriT.„
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dakarguli saqmis

warmoebis aRdgenis mizniT Segrovili masalebi araa
sakmarisi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs „ganCineba
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenaze uaris
Tqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb”.
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 414-
es „ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenaze
uaris Tqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb” ar
arTmevs uflebas mxares kvlav aRZras sarCeli
sasamarTloSi, radgan igive sarCelis adre aRZvra da
mis mimarT gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotana ver
dadasturda.
597
kari meSvide
saojaxo, administraciuli,
saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan warmoSobili da
reketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan
dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvis
Taviseburebani
T a v i XLIII
saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis Taviseburebani
muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero

saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeebis mimarT
gamoiyeneba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebi
im damatebebiT, rac am TavSia dadgenili.
.
_ saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeTa kategorias miekuT-
vneba saqmeebi, romlebic warmoiSoba saqarTvelos sa-
moqalaqo kodeqsis mexuTe wignis _ `saojaxo samarT-
lis~ normebiT (1106-1305-e muxlebiT) mowesrigebuli
urTierTobebidan.
_ am kategoriis saqmeebis ganxilva warmoebs samo-
qalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili saqme-
Ta ganxilvis saerTo wesebis dacviT, oRond im Tavise-
burebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TavSia mocemuli.
muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis

gardacvaleba
erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvalebis SemTx-

vevaSi sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqme unda
Sewydes.
598
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e muxlis Tanaxmad, erT-

erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba an gardacvlilad gamoc-
xadeba (317-e muxli) warmoadgens qorwinebis Sewyve-
tis safuZvels. amitom, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
saWiro aRaraa. magram saqme imitomac unda Sewydes, rom
aRaraa mowinaaRmdege mxare, xolo uflebamonacvle-
obas kanoni ar uSvebs (272-e muxlis è~ qvepunqti).
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ga-
moaqvs ganCineba (273-e muxli).
muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena

sasamarTlos iniciativiT
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciati-
viT gansazRvros dasadgen garemoebaTa wre
da mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis Semdeg Tvi-
Ton gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, romleb-
zedac mxareebs ar miuTiTebiaT.
2. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobi-
dan warmoSobili saqmeebi ar SeiZleba ga-
nixilebodes sxva xasiaTis moTxovnebis Se-
saxeb aRZrul saqmeebTan erTad.
_ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi, marTalia,

ganekuTvneba kerZo samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis
sferos, magram am urTierTobebis ganviTarebiTa da
simtkiciT dainteresebulia mTeli sazogadoeba. am mo-
sazrebiT SeiZleba aixsnas is garemoeba, rom sasamarT-
los, romelic ixilavs konkretul saojaxo _ samarT-
lebriv davas, miniWebuli aqvs farTo uflebebi Tvi-
Ton Tavisi iniciativiT miiRos yvela zoma, raTa daad-
ginos saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebebi da gamoitanos samarTliani gadawy-
vetileba, kerZod: a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon gan-
sazRvros mtkicebis sagani, e. i. im garemoebaTa wre, ro-
melTa dadgenis gareSe SeuZlebelia saqmis sworad ga-
dawyveta. mxareTa mier miTiTebuli garemoebebiT, sa-
599
samarTlo am SemTxvevaSi, SeboWili araa; b) TviTon Ta-

visi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos ara marto is mtkicebu-
lebebi, romlebzec miuTiTeben mxareebi, aramed rom-
lebzec mxareebi ar miuTiTeben, magram romlebsac aqvT
mniSvneloba mtkicebis saganSi Semaval dasadgen (sa-
Ziebel) garemoebaTa dasadastureblad.
2. mosarCeles SeuZlia sarCelSi gaaerTianos ramde-
nime moTxovna, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da imave
safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi Tu ara (182-e muxli).
_ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSo-
bili davebis drosac aseTi gaerTianeba, SeerTeba ram-
denime moTxovnisa, dasaSvebia, magram mxolod erTi pi-
robiT _ Tu es moTxovnebi saojaxo-samarTlebrivi ur-
TierTobidan warmoiSoba.
magaliTad, ganqorwinebis saqmis gadawyvetasTan er-
Tad meuRleebs SeuZliaT moiTxovon qonebis gayofac.
radgan orive es moTxovna wesrigdeba saojaxo samarT-
liT, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es moTxovnebi. mag-
ram ganqorwinebis saqmesTan erTad ar SeiZleba ganxi-
lul iqnes, magaliTad, sesxis, qiravnobis, zianis miye-
nebiT da a. S. warmoSobili urTierTobebis safuZvelze
aRZruli saqmeebi, radgan aseTi kategoriis saqmeebi
ar ganekuTvneba saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobe-
bidan warmoSobil saqmeTa kategorias.
muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi

gankarguleba
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Suamd-

gomlobis safuZvelze miiRos droebiTi gan-
karguleba, raTa moawesrigos:
a) Svilis mimarT mSobelTa zrunvis sa-
kiTxebi;
b) erT-erTi mSoblis urTierToba bavSv-
Tan;
g) bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacema erT-
erTi mSoblisaTvis;
600
d) mcirewlovani bavSvis Senaxvis valde-

buleba;
e) sakiTxi erT-erTi meuRlis mier meore
meuRlisaTvis materialuri daxmarebis ga-
wevis Sesaxeb;
v) saojaxo meurneobisa da biniT sargeb-
lobis sakiTxi;
z) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobi-
dan warmoSobili saqmeebis ganxilvasTan da-
kavSirebiT xarjebis avansis saxiT gadax-
devinebis sakiTxi;
2. aRniSnul sakiTxebze sasamarTlos gan-
Cineba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes zepiri
ganxilvis gareSe.
3. ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia, mxareTa gancxadebis safuZvelze, Sec-
valos an mTlianad gaauqmos Tavisi ganCi-
neba.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebze

sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos droebiTi gankargulebe-
bi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iqneba amis Sesaxeb mxa-
ris Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) sasamarTlos mi-
marT.
_ droebiTi am gankargulebebs (romlebic ganCine-
bis formiT miiReba) imitom ewodeba, rom sabolood es
sakiTxebi mowesrigdeba sasamarTlos mier saqmeze mi-
Rebul gadawyvetilebaSi.
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebze
droebiTi gankargulebebi, gamotanili ganCinebis for-
miT, SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Seutyobineblad,
saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. magram, Tu sasamarTlo
amas saWirod CaTvlis, SeuZlia es sakiTxebi mxareTa Set-
yobinebebiTa da maTi monawileobiT ganixilos. cxadia,
rom maTi gamoucxadebloba sakiTxis gadawyvetas da
droebiTi gankargulebis miRebas ver daabrkolebs.
3. am ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba. es logiku-
601
ria, radgan am ganCinebaSi Camoyalibebuli gankargu-

leba droebiTia da sabolood igi aisaxeba gadawyveti-
lebaSi, romelzec SeiZleba saapelacio (sakasacio) sa-
Civris Setana.
_ amasTan erTad, mxares SeuZlia mimarTos sasamar-
Tlos gancxadebiT (ara saCivriT), raTa man Secvalos
an gaauqmos es ganCineba. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCi-
neba am gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobis dakmayo-
filebis an masze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba ar
gasaCivrdeba kerZo saCivriT da gancxadeba ar gadaig-
zavneba zemdgom sasamrTloSi im SemTxvevaSic, roca
sasamarTlo uars eubneba mxares ganCinebis (droebiTi
gankargulebis) Secvlaze an mTlianad gauqmebaze.

gadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis an
qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb
1. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad
cnobis Sesaxeb gamotanili gadawyvetile-
biT sasamarTlo, Tu amas moiTxoven mxare-
ebi TavianTi gancxadebiT, gadawyvets:
a) qorwinebaSi dabadebul bavSvze mSo-
belTa saerTo zrunvis sakiTxs;
b) erT-erTi mSoblis qorwinebaSi daba-
debul bavSvTan urTierTobis mowesrige-
bis sakiTxs;
g) bavSvis erT-erTi mSoblisaTvis gada-
cemis sakiTxs;
d) qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvisaTvis
materialuri daxmarebis gawevis (rCenis)
sakiTxs.
e) meuRleTa urTierTrCenis sakiTxs;
2. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad
cnobisa da maTi Sedegebis Sesaxeb sasamar-
Tlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. Tu
sasamarTlo calke gamoyofs qorwinebis saq-
602
meebidan gamomdinare sxva saqmeebs, maSin

mas am muxlis pirveli nawilis à~ da `b~
qvepunqtebSi miTiTebul sakiTxebze gamo-
aqvs ganCineba. aseTi ganCinebis mimarT da-
saSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmo-

Sobil saqmeebTan erTad SeiZleba ganixilebodes mxo-
lod am urTierTobebidan warmoSobili sxva moTxovne-
bis Sesaxeb aRZruli saqmeebi (354-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ am zogadi miTiTebidan gamomdinare, am muxlis
pirveli nawili gansazRvravs qorwinebis an ganqorwi-
nebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeebTan erTad Tu ro-
meli moTxovnebi SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli da gadawy-
vetili, rodesac aseT moTxovnebs ayeneben mxareebi.
_ am muxlis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. ganqorwi-
nebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeTa gan-
xilvisas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvi-
tos sxva sakiTxebic, rogoricaa magaliTad, Svilebis
sacxovrebeli adgili, meuRleTa TanasakuTrebaSi ar-
sebuli qonebis gayofis sakiTxi, baTilad cnobili qor-
winebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis sakiTxi da a. S.
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1128-e, 1130-e, 1147-e muxlebi).
2. erToblivad ganxiluli moTxovnebis mimarT sa-
samarTlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. sasamar-
Tlos ufleba aqvs am gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan
calke gamoyos esa Tu is moTxovna; Tu es moTxovnebi
ganxilulia, maSin maT mimarT sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba. es Seexeba à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebul
sakiTxebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos calke war-
moebad gamoyofili saqmeebis mimarT gamoaqvs gadawy-
vetileba.
aRniSnul sakiTxebze gamotanil ganCinebaze SeiZ-
leba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi).
T a v i XLIV (amoRebulia)
603
Tavi XLIV1
warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros

wevris, an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
GamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT
muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba
am Tavis miznebisaTvis terminebs aqvT

Semdegi mniSvneloba:
a) reketi - Semosavlis an sxvagvari
qonebrivi sargeblis sistematurad miReb-
is mizniT warmoebuli araerTjeradi da
organizebuli saqmianoba, romelic dakav-
Sirebulia ganzraxi danaSaulis Cadenas-
Tan (Tu nasamarTloba ar aris gaqarwyle-
buli an moxsnili), Tu igi ganxorcielda
orjer mainc xuTi kalendaruli wlis gan-
mavlobaSi, romelSic ar Sedis reketiris
dapatimrebisa da sasjelis moxdis vada;
b) reketuli dajgufeba - Tavisi saqmi-
anobiT reketTan dakavSirebuli iuridiu-
li piri, agreTve fizikur an/da iuridiul
pirTa nebismieri gaerTianeba;
g) reketiri - piri, romelic damoukide-
blad an sxva pirTan (pirebTan) erTad war-
marTavs reketuli dajgufebis saqmianobas,
an, sxvagvarad monawileobs reketuli da-
jgufebis saqmianobaSi da misTvis cnobil-
ia, rom es dajgufeba reketuli dajgufe-
baa, agreTve ukanonod wyvets an monawile-
obs reketul dajgufebaTa an reketul
dajgufebasa da sxva pirTa Soris davebis
gadawyvetaSi;
604
g1) adamianiT movaWre - fizikuri an

iuridiuli piri an pirTa jgufi romelmac
Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 1431 an/da 1432 muxlebiT gaTval-
iswinebuli danaSauli.
d) ojaxis wevri - reketiris an qurdu-
li samyaros wevris adamianiT movaWris
meuRle, arasrulwlovani Svili da geri,
agreTve reketirTan, qurduli samyaros
wevrTan an adamianiT movaWresTan mudmi-
vad mcxovrebi piri;
e) axlo naTesavi - reketiri, qurduli
samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris
ojaxis wevri, pirdapiri aRmavali da daR-
mavali Stos naTesavi, da Zma, agreTve mSob-
lisa da Svilis gerebi, meuRlis da, Zma da
mSobeli;
v) reketirTan, qurduli samyaros wevr-
Tan an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebu-
li piri - piri, romelsac iuridiuli do-
kumentaciis safuZvelze sakuTrebaSi aqvs
qoneba da arsebobs sakmarisi mtkicebule-
bebi, rom igi miRebulia reketis Sedegad
an sxva arakanonieri gziT da am qonebiT
sargeblobs reketiri, qurduli samyaros
wevri an adamianiT movaWre.
z) reketuli qoneba - reketidan miRe-
buli qoneba, am qonebidan miRebuli Semo-
savali, reketidan miRebuli SemosavliT
SeZenili qoneba, agreTve reketuli da-
jgufebis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis
wevris, axlo naTesavis an dakavSirebuli
piris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRe-
buli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli
sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
T) qurduli samyaros wevris qoneba -
605
qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis

wevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan an
qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli
piris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRe-
buli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT miRebis damasturebeli sabu-
Ti an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
i) adamianiT movaWris qoneba - adamian-
iT movaWris mier adamianiT vaWrobisagan
miRebuli qoneba, misi ojaxis wevris Semo-
savali qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Se-
mosavali an sxva arakanonieri gziT miRe-
buli qoneba, romlis marTlzomieri saSu-
alebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabu-
Ti an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
1. am muxlSi mocemuli terminebis ganmarteba

SeiZleba ar daemTxves sxva sakanonmdeblo da
normatiul aqtebSi Camoyalibebul igive terminebis
(cnebebis) ganmartebas. magram es mxolod imaze
migvaniSnebs, rom reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb saqmis
warmoebisas terminebs unda mieceT is mniSvneloba,
romelic mocemulia am muxlSi.
2. rac Seexeba terminebs „ukanono qoneba”,
„dausabuTebeli qoneba” romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs
garkveul Sedegs (356 5-e muxli), am muxlSi
ganmartebuli araa. maTi ganmartebisaTvis SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli iqnes administraciuli saproceso
kodeqsis 215-e muxlSi mocemuli ganmartebebi, am
muxlis Tanaxmad ukanono qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTve
am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili)
romelic reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs,
adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs
an maTTan dakavSirebul pirs mopovebuli aqvT kanonis
moTxovnaTa darRveviT.
606
dausabuTebeli qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTve am

qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili) romlis
kanonieri saSualebebiT mopovebis damadasturebeli
dokumentebi reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs,
adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs,
an maTTan dakavSirebul pirs ar gaaCniaT.
muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra

reketuli, qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemis Taobaze
1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa
da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sar-
Celis aRZvris ufleba aqvs prokurors re-
ketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris an adami-
aniT movaWris mimarT sasamarTlos ganaCenis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 30 dRis vadaSi.
2. reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da sax-
elmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCeli
SesaZlebelia aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis,
reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis
an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.
3. qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis Cam-
orTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis
Taobaze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras qur-
duli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris,
axlo naTesavis an qurdul samyaros wevr-
Tan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.
4. adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTme-
visa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taoba-
ze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras adamian-
iT movaWris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTe-
savis an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSire-
buli piris mimarT.
607
T movaWris qonebis CamorTpiris

1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sam sakiTxs:
a) visi interesebis dasacavad SeiZleba aRiZras
sarCeli da ra Sinaarsisa SeiZleba iyos sasarCelo
moTxovna (sarCelis sagani); b) vis SeuZlia mimarTos
sasamarTlos aseTi sarCeliT; g)ra vadaSi SeiZleba
aRiZras es sarCeli.
a) sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras „reketuli, qurduli
samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris” qonebis
Taobaze”. am moTxovnis SinaarsiT ganisazRvreba
aRZruli sarCelis sagani.
raxan sarCelis aRZvris mizania qonebis CamorTmeva
da am qonebis saxelmwifosaTvis gadacema, mxared,
kerZod ki mosarCeled, samoqalaqo saproceso
samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, gvevlineba saxelmwifo,
radgan sarCeli aRiZvris da sasarCelo moTxovnac
mimarTulia misTvis CamorTmeuli qonebis
gadacemisaken. es imas niSnavs, rom mxared
procesualuri gagebiT gvevlineba ara is piri, vinc
uSualod aRZra sarCeli sxva pirTa interesebis
dasacavad, aramed is piri, visi uflebebisa Tu
interesebis dasacavadac aRiZra sarCeli.55
b) zemod aRniSnuli moTxovniT sarCelis aRZvris
ufleba miniWebuli aqvs prokurors. mxolod
prokurors SeuZlia aRZras „sarCeli reketuli (an
qurduli samyaros an adamianiT movaWris) qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb”.
is vinc mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT sxva pirTa
uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad, samoqalaqo
saproceso samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT aris
warmomadgeneli, aqedan gamomdinare, marTalia
prokurori amave kanoniT iwodeba rogorc mosarCele,
magram miuxedavad amisa, prokuroris procesualur-
55
T. liluaSvili. samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali. Tb. 2005,
I I gamocema
608
samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba (statusi) SeiZleba

ganisazRvros rogorc saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli,
romelsac kanoniT aqvs miniWebuli ufleba dadgenili
wesiT mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT da daicvas misi
warmomdgenis - saxelmwifos uflebebi da
interesebi.56
g) sarCelis aRZvris ufleba prokurors aqvs im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris mimarT aRZruli iyo sisxlis
samarTlis saqme, gamotanilia gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeni da es ganaCeni Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi.
gansazRvrulia agreTve sarCelis Setanis vada:
prokurorma sarCeli unda aRZras 30 dRis vadaSi,
am vadis dena iwyeba ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis dRidan.
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom sarCelis aRZvris 30
dRiani vada dawesebulia imisaTvis rom rac SeiZleba
swrafad iqnes aRZruli sarCeli prokuroris mier,
magram Tu sarCeli aRiZra, magaliTad, ganaCenis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 35-e dRes an ufro gvian,
sasamarTlos, miuxedavad amisa, mainc SeuZlia miiRos
da ganixilos es sarCeli.
2. am muxlis I I, I I I da IV nawilebi gansazRvraven im
mopasuxeTa wres, romelTa mimarT SeiZleba aRiZras
sarCeli. kerZod, Tu sarCeli exeba reketul qonebas,
igi SeiZleba aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris,
misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an masTan
dakavSirebuli piris mimarT; Tu sarCeli exeba
qurduli samyaros wevris qonebas, igi SeiZleba aRiZras
qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo
naTesavis, an masTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT; Tu
sarCeli exeba adamianiT movaWris qonebas, igi SeiZleba
aRiZras adamianiT movaWris misi ojaxis wevris an
adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT.
56
356 5-e muxlSi miTiTebulia agreTve CamorTmeuli qonebis
mesame pirebisaTvis da kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis gadacemis
Taobaze, magram amis Sesaxeb saubari gveqneba am muxlis komentarSi
609
muxli 3563. qonebis reketulad

cnoba, qurduli samyaros wevris an
adamianiT movaWris qonebis
ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnoba
1. mosamarTle reketuli dajgufebis,
reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTe-
savis an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris
qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmis war-
moebis procesSi, saTanado mtkicebuleba-
Ta Sefasebis safuZvelze gairkveva, rom
qoneba miRebulia reketidan, igi warmoad-
gens Semosavals reketiT miRebuli qone-
bidan, SeZenilia reketiT miRebuli Semo-
savliT an ararsebobs reketuli dajgufe-
bis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis wevris,
axlo naTesavis an reketirTan dakavSire-
buli piris qonebis marTlzomieri saSu-
alebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabu-
Ti an sxva mtkicebuleba.
2. mosarCele valdebulia warudginos
sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi mopasuxis
qonebis reketulobis Taobaze.
3. mosamarTle qurduli samyaros wevris,
misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an qur-
duli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli
piris qonebas cnobs ukanonod an daus-
abuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs qurduli sam-
yaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo
naTesavis an qurduli samyaros wevrTan
dakavSirebuli piris qonebis marTlzom-
ieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasture-
beli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba.
4. mopasuxe valdebulia warudginos sasa-
marTlos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebis
dasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb.
5) mosamarTle adamianiT movaWris, misi
610
ojaxis wevris qonebas cnobs ukanonod an

dausabuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs adamianiT
movaWris, misi ojaxis wevris qonebis mar-
Tlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadas-
turebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba.
6) mopasuxe valdebulia, sasamarTlos
warudginos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebis
dasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb.
1. imisaTvis, rom qoneba CamoerTvas mopasuxes da

gadaeces saxelmwifos, aucilebelia winaswar iqnes
dadgenili garkveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi,
romelTa xasiaTi da moculoba ramdenadme gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan imis mixedviT aRZrulia sarCeli
reketuli qonebis mimarT, Tu qurduli samyaros
wevrisa da adamianiT movaWris qonebis mimarT.
aq mxedvelobaSia misaRebi erTi metad
mniSvnelovani garemoeba: saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis „g” qvepunqtis
Tanaxmad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanil
ganaCens aqvs preiudiciuli mniSvneloba samoqalaqo
saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis iseTi faqtebis
mimarT, rogoricaa a) hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas
adgili (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi, hqonda Tu ara
magaliTad, rekets adgili) da b) Caidina Tu ara es
moqmedeba im pirma, vis mimarTac aRZrulia sarCeli -
mopasuxem (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi reketirma, qurduli
samyaros wevrma, adamianiT movaWrem).
am garemoebis gaTvaliswineba miT ufro
aucilebelia, rom 356 2-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad prokurors SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli Tu
mopasuxis mimarT gamotanilia ganaCeni da igi Sesulia
kanonier ZalaSi.
imisaTvis, rom reketuli qoneba CamoerTvas
mopasuxes da gadaeces saxelmwifos, uwinares yovlisa
sasamarTlom es qoneba unda cnos reketulad.
mosamarTle qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmeze
611
warmodgenili mtkicebulebebisa da kanonier ZalaSi

Sesuli ganaCenis (ix. 106-e muxlis komentari)
safuZvelze damtkicebulad (dadasturebulad
CaTvlis, rom (1) qoneba miRebulia reketidan; (2) igi
warmoadgens Semosavals reketidan miRebuli
qonebidan; (3) SeZenilia reketiT miRebuli
SemosavliT.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aq CamoTvlili garemoebebi
dadasturdeba, es iqneba sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom
dakmayofildes prokuroris sarCeli da sasamarTlom
Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT qoneba CamoarTvas mopasuxes
da gadasces igi saxelmwifos. magram, Tu es garemoebebi
ver dadasturdeba warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT,
es kidev ar iZleva sarCelze uaris Tqmis safuZvels.
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios xom ar
arsebobs sadavo qonebis marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli
mtkicebulebebi. Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi
aRmoCndeba - sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars
etyvis prokurors sarCelis dakmayofilebaze. magram,
Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis
Sesaxeb (ix. 3565-e muxlis komentari).
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu romel
mxares romeli faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba.
prokurors evaleba warudginos sasamarTlos
mtkicebulebebi mopasuxis qonebis reketulobis
Sesaxeb, magram Tu prokurori ver warudgens
sasamarTlos aseT mtkicebulebebs, maSin wardgenil
unda iqnes mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebis
marTlzomieri saSualebebiT SeZenis dadasturebis
mizniT. aseT mtkicebulebad SeiZleba gamodges
aderZi an qonebis kanonismieri memkvidreobiT
miRebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, jildos
miReba, Cuqebis xelSekruleba, maRali saxelfaso
anazRaurebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da a.S.
612
cxadia, rom sadavo qonebis marTlzomieri

saSualebebiT SeZenis damadasturebeli
mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis movaleoba
(damtkicebis tvirTi) SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes.
magram, Tu mopasuxem es ver SeZlo, maSin sasamarTlom
unda gamoitanos misTvis araxelsayreli
gadawyvetileba.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs qurduli
samyaros wevrisa da aq CamoTvlili pirebis qonebis
ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis sakiTxs (ukanono
da dausabuTebeli qonebis cnebis Sesaxeb ix. 3561-e
muxlis komentari).
qonebis reketulad cnobisagan gansxavebiT, am
SemTxvevaSi saWiro araa rom prokurorma warudginos
sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebis
„qurduli saSualebebiT” mopovebis Sesaxeb. imisaTvis,
rom sasamarTlom cnos qurduli samyaros wevrisa da
sxvebis qoneba ukanonod an dausabuTeblad,
sakmarisia ar arsebobdes am qonebis marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari)
miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva saxis
mtkicebuleba.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawiliT damtkicebis tvirTi
Semdegnairadaa ganawilebuli mxareebs Soris:
prokurorma unda daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe aris
qurduli samyaros wevri, misi ojaxis wevri, axlo
naTesavi an masTan dakavSirebuli piri. es faqtiuri
garemoebebi qmnis varauds imisaTvis, rom am pirTa
qoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia. amitom,
prokurori Tavisufldeba Semdgomi mtkicebule-
bebis warmodgenis movaleobisagan.
mopasuxeebs ekisrebaT am varaudis gaqarwylebis
movaleoba, risTvisac maT unda warudginon
sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, imis dasadastureblad,
rom sadavo qoneba sinamdvileSi SeZenilia
marTlzomieri saSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 naw.
komentari).
613
5. me-5 nawiliT gansazRvrulia adamianiT movaWris

an misi ojaxis wevris qonebis ukanonod da
dausabuTeblad cnobis safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebi
igivea rac qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis ukanonod
da dausabuTeblad cnoba: adamianiT movaWris misi
ojaxis wevris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT
mopovebis damadasturebeli sabuTis an sxva
mtkicebulebis ararseboba.
6. am muxlis me-6 nawili, ise rogorc am muxlis me-4
nawili, damtkicebis tvirTs mxareTa Soris
Semdegnairad anawilebs: prokurorma unda
daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe adamianiT movaWrea an misi
ojaxis wevria. am faqtis damtkicebiT iqmneba varaudi
rom mopasuxis qoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia.
am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad mopasuxem unda
daamtkicos, rom qoneba SeZenilia marTlzomieri
saSualebebiT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi amoqmeddeba
varaudi da sadavo qoneba cnobili iqneba ukanonod da
dausabuTeblad aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT
(ix.3565-e muxlis komentari).
muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba
Tu arsebobs monacemebi, rom reketu-

li dajgufebis, reketiris, qurduli sam-
yaros wevris, adamianiT movaWris, maTi
ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an an reke-
tirTan, qurduli samyarosTan an adamian-
iT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mflo-
belobaSi arsebul qonebas gadamalaven an
daxarjaven anda sxvagvarad gaasxviseben,
prokurori valdebulia gancxadebiT mi-
marTos sasamarTlos qonebaze, maT Soris
sabanko angariSebze yadaRis dadebis
Taobaze.
614
1. ssk 191-e muxlis Tanaxmad mosarCeles SeuZlia

mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. Tu sasamarTlos gauCndeba
dasabuTebuli varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs
an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas,
mas gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
3564-e muxli avalebs mosarCele - prokurors
mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sadavo qonebis
(maT Soris sabanko angariSebis) dayadaRebis Sesaxeb,
Tu arsebos monacemebi, rom am muxlSi dasaxelebuli
pirebi gadamalaven, daxarjaven an gaasxviseben maT
mflobelobaSi arsebul qonebas.
SeZlebisdagvarad es monacemebi prokurorma unda
warudginos sasamarTlos, raTa mas Seeqmnas
dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom qonebas marTlac
gadamalaven, daxarjaven da a.S.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganCineba
uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, Tumca araa
savaldebulo misTvis prokuroris Suamdgomloba
qonebis dayadadRebis Sesaxeb. am kodeqsis 198-e muxli
iTvaliswinebs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxva
RonisZiebas. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos is
RonisZieba, romelsac ufro mizanSewonilad CaTvlis.
muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad,

ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis
iuridiuli Sedegebi
1. Tu sasamarTlom am Tavis 3563 muxlis
Sesabamisad reketuli dajgufebis, reket-
iris, qurduli samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis
wevris, axlo naTesavis, adamianiT movaWris
an misi ojaxis wevris reketirTan an qur-
duli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli
piris qoneba reketulad, ukanonod an daus-
615
abuTeblad, cno, aseTi qoneba mesame piris

kanonieri interesebis dakmayofilebis Sem-
deg gadaecema mis kanonier mesakuTres, xolo
kanonieri mesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblo-
bis SemTxvevaSi - saxelmwifos.
2. Tu qonebis reketuloba, ukanonoba
an dausabuTebloba nawilobriv dastur-
deba, kanonier mesakuTres, xolo kanonieri
mesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblobis SemTx-
vevaSi - saxelmwifos gadaecema mopasuxis
qonebis is nawili, romlis arareketulo-
bas, kanonierebas an dasabuTebulobas mo-
pasuxe sasamarTlo wesiT ver daadasturebs.
3. Tu SeuZlebelia reketuli, ukanono
an dausabuTebeli qonebis pirvandeli mdgo-
mareobiT kanonieri mesakuTris an saxelm-
wifosaTvis dabruneba, mopasuxes daekisreba
am qonebis ekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxis
gadaxda.
4. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba reket-
uli, ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis
kanonieri mesakuTris an saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemis Taobaze aRsruldeba „saaRsrule-
bo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb“„ saqarTvelos kano-
niT dadgenili wesiT.„„+_
1. rogorc am muxlis saxelwodebidanac savsebiT

naTlad Cans igi eZRvneba qonebis reketulad,
ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiul Sedegs.
Tu 3562-e muxlis azriT, SinaarsiTa da logikiT
vixelmZRvanelebT es Sedegebi unda gamoixatos
mopasuxisaTvis qonebis CamorTmeviTa da misi
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemiT.
magram am muxlis pirvel nawilSi pirvelad
gamoCndnen „mesame pirebi” da „kanonieri
mesakuTre”, kerZod, Tu sasamarTlom mopasuxis
qoneba cno reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad,
616
maSin am qonebiT pirvel rigSi unda dakmayofildes

mesame piris kanonieri interesebi, meore rigSi,
darCenili qoneba unda gadaeces mis kanonier
mesakuTres, xolo, mesame rigSi, qoneba SeiZleba
gadaeces saxelmwifos oRond erTi pirobiT, Tu ver
iqneba dadgenili kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba.
ibadeba praqtikuli kiTxva: vin (sasamarTlom,
prokurorma) da rogor unda gamoavlinos da
daadginos mesame pirebi da kanonieri mesakuTre?
amis Taobaze am Tavis arcerT muxlSi miTiTeba araa.
migvaCnia, rom es seriozuli xarvezia
kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic unda Seavsos praqtikam.
erTi ram cxadia, am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad
sakiTxi kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis qonebis gadacemis
Sesaxeb unda aisaxos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi.
es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda daadginos
kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba da gadawyvitos misTvis
qonebis mikuTvnebis sakiTxi.
aq ibadeba kidev erTi praqtikuli sakiTxi: Tu am
kanonier mesakuTres ar surs saqmeSi monawileobis
miReba arc sadavo qonebaze ar aqvs raime pretenzia,
Tumca aSkaraa, rom igi adre iyo am qonebis kanonieri
mesakuTre, rogor unda moiqces aseT SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlo?
aq mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT erT
fundameturi sakiTxi: prokurors kanoniT miniWebuli
aqvs ufleba aRZras „sarCeli reketuli....... qonebis
Taobaze”, magram mas ar aqvs ufleba aRZras sarCeli
sxva fizikur Tu iuridiul pirTa maT Soris mesame
pirTa da kanonier mesakuTreTa uflebebis dasacavad.
(ix. me-2 da me-3 muxlebis komentari). winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi es iqneboda dispoziciurobis principis
uxeSi darRveva. miT umetes, amis ufleba ar SeiZleba
hqondes sasamarTlos romelic SeboWilia sasarCelo
moTxovnis farglebiT.
617
amrigad, am e.w. mesame pirebma da kanonierma

mesakuTreebma TviTon unda mimarTon sasamarTlos
sarCeliT, Tu maT aqvT raime pretenzia im qonebis
mimarT, romlis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemis sakiTxs ixilavs sasamarTlo. im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac am pirebma Seityves saxelmwifosaTvis qonebis
gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg
maT SeuZliaT mimarTon sasamarTlos sarCeliT saerTo
wesis dacviT.
2. am muxlis me-3 nawilis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
sasamarTlos daWirdeba imis gansazRvra, Tu ra
odenobiT ganisazRvreba CamosarTmevi qonebis
ekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxa, romlis gadaxda
SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes. amisaTvis sasamarTlos

gadawyvetileba
1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris
an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevis
Taobaze warmoebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas,
rodesac gamocxadda reketiris qurduli
samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis wevris, axlo
naTesavis adamianiT movaWris an misi ojaxis
wevris an reketirTan an qurduli samyaros
wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT Zebna,
ar gamoiyeneba am kodeqsis 233-e muxlis
pirveli nawilis „„g“„ qvepunqti.
2. mxares, romelic ar gamocxadda sasa-
marTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadaw-
yvetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRis
vadaSi.
iswinebul SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba sasamarT-
lo uwyebis mxarisaTvis Cabarebis (Sety-
618
obinebis) am kodeqsis VIII TaviT dadgenili

wesi.
1. 233-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „g” punqtis

Tanaxmad sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu „g) gamoucxadebel mxares
droulad ar ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis
Sesaxeb”.
es qvepunqti ar gamoiyeneba da, maSasadame,
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotanili
iqnes iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac reketuli, qurduli
samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevis Taobaze warmoebuli saqmeebis
ganxilvisas mopasuxeebis mimarT gamocxadda Zebna.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis asli egzavneba im mxares, romelic ar
gamocxadda sasamarTloSi da, maSasadame, romlis
mimarTac gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
gansazRvrulia agreTve am aslis gagzavnis vada - 5 dRe
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan.
3. me-3 nawili Seicavs mniSvnelovan praqtikul
danawess: im SemTxvevaSiac ki, rodesac mopasuxis
mimarT gamocxadebulia Zebna, uwyeba calkeuli
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa, Tu sasamarTlos
mTavari sxdomis Sesaxeb mxares egzavneba 70-78-e
muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
T a v i XLIV
administraciuli da saxelmwifo samarTlebrivi
urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis
ganxilvis Taviseburebani
muxli 357-363.
amoRebulia saqarTvelos 1999 wlis 10 dekembris
kanoniT.
619
wigni mesame
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
gasaCivreba
kari merve
apelacia
T a v i XLV
apelaciis dasaSveboba
muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris

Setana
sasamarTlos pirveli instanciiT gamot-
anili gadawyvetileba mxareebma da mesame
pirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTx-
ovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi
gaasaCivron saapelacio sasamarTloSi
1. es muxli gansazRvravs or fundamentur sakiTxs:

a) saapelacio gasaCivrebis obieqts, anu sasamarTlos
romeli gadawyvetilebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saape-
lacio sasamarTloSi da b) saapelacio saCivris ufle-
bis subieqtebs, anu vin SeiZleba gaasaCivros saapela-
cio wesiT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi.
a) saapelacio saCivris obieqti SeiZleba iyos ra-
ionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis maT Soris magist-
rati mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebebi, amave sasamarT-
loebis mier gamotanili ganCinebebi dauswrebeli ga-
dawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Setanili saCivris
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi ZalaSi datove-
bis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me-3 nawili) da maTi ganmeo-
rebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi (366-e muxlis
me-2 nawili).
620
b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebia mxa-

reebi, e. i. mosarCele da mopasuxe, agreTve mesame pi-
ri damoukidebeli moTxovniT.
saapelacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebia agreTve Ta-
namonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi),
romlebic sargebloben yvela im saproceso uflebiT,
romlebic am kodeqsis Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxa-
reebs (87-e muxli).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Tanamonawileobis safuZ-
vels warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis à~ qve-
punqti), e. i. sarCelis sagania saerTo ufleba, maSin
erT-erT mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos saapelacio sa-
Civari gadawyvetilebaze nebismier farglebSi. igive
SeuZlia erT-erT mopasuxes (Tanamopasuxes), roca val-
debuleba solidarulia. magram im SemTxvevaSi, roca
erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis
sxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva an erTi da igive mopa-
suxis mimarT, maSin erT-erT mosarCeles (Tanamosar-
Celes) SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba im nawil-
Si, romelic erT sarCelSi gaerTianebul mis moTxov-
nas exeba. igive wesi unda gavrceldes Tanamopasuxeeb-
zec, rodesac maT mimarT aRZrulia ara erTiani, ara-
med sxvadasxva (gancalkevebuli) moTxovnebi.
_ Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindobili aqvs
erT-erT Tanamonawiles (87-e muxlis me-2 nawili) gasa-
Civrebis uflebamosilebiT, maSin mas SeuZlia gaasaCiv-
ros gadawyvetileba rogorc mTlianad, ise nawilob-
riv.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyveti-
lebiT gansazRvrulia iseTi piris uflebebi da mo-
valeobebi, romelic ar figurirebda saqmeSi arc mxa-
red, arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT, arc
Tanamonawiled, arc uflebamonacvled da aqedan ga-
momdinare arc saqmeSi yofila Cabmuli da arc dabare-
buli (mowveuli), aseT pirs unda mieces ufleba gaa-
saCivros gadawyvetileba, radgan darRveulia misi
fundamenturi ufleba, monawileoba miiRos sasa-
621
marTloSi im saqmis ganxilvaSi, romelic mis ufle-

bas Seexeba.
nebismier pirs, romelic araa moxseniebuli gadaw-
yvetilebaSi, magram romelsac miaCnia, rom am gadawy-
vetilebiT dairRva an Seilaxa misi uflebebi, SeuZlia
mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT am uflebis dasaca-
vad da ara saCivriT am gadawyvetilebaze.
_ rac Seexeba uflebamonacvles (92-e muxli), mas
SeuZlia Seasrulos yvela is saproceso moqmedeba (maT
Soris gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba), romlis Sesrule-
bis ufleba eqneboda mis winamorbeds, rom ar gasuli-
yo saqmidan.
amrigad, gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCiv-
rebis ufleba aqvT: mxareebs (mosarCeles, mopasuxes),
mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT,
maT uflebamonacvleebs, Tanamonawileebs (Tanamo-
sarCeleebs, Tanamopasuxeebs) maTi Tanamonawileobis
safuZvlebiT gansazRvrul farglebSi, pirebs, rom-
lebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc
mxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gani-
sazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mxa-
ris mimarT.
aq CamoTvlil pirTa warmomadgenels SeuZlia gaa-
saCivros gadawyvetileba, Tu amis Sesaxeb pirdapiraa
miTiTebuli mis saxelze marwmuneblis mier gacemul
mindobilobaSi (98-e muxli).
2. gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis
vada aris 14 dRe, romlis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar Se-
iZleba (369-e muxli).

Rirebuleba
saapelacio saCivari qonebriv-samarTlebriv

davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu davis
sagnis Rirebuleba aRemateba 1 000 lars.
es Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT,
622
Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT

Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari mxares.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris da-

saSvebobis mxolod erT pirobas _ mis Rirebulebas
qonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi.
_ saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas
saapelacio sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos ori
saproceso dokumentiT: sarCeliT, romelSic Camoya-
libebulia mosarCelis moTxovna (sarCelis sagani) da
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovna gani-
sazRvreba fuladi TanxiT, romelic ar aRemateba 1000
lars, maSin cxadia, rom saapelacio saCivari ar SeiZ-
leba aRematebodes am Tanxas da igi dauSvebelia. ase-
ve advilad gairkveva da gadawydeba es sakiTxi, roca
fuladi Tanxa aRemateboda 1000 lars da sasamarTlom
nawilobriv daakmayofila sarCeli. Tu gadawyvetile-
biT dakmayofilebuli nawili aRemateba 1000 lars, mo-
pasuxes SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba am nawil-
Si, magram Tu gadawyvetilebiT daukmayofilebeli na-
wili ar aRemateba 1000 lars, mosarCelis saapelacio
saCivari gadawyvetilebis am nawilze dauSvebeli iq-
neba.
saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZ-
leba garTuldes, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovnis Sina-
arsi ganisazRvreba ara fuladi TanxiT, aramed nivTe-
biT an sxva vadiani Tu uvado gasacemiTa da gadasaxde-
liT da a. S. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi Camoya-
libebulia me-40-42-e muxlebSi (ix. am muxlebis komen-
tari). kerZod, davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCe-
le, magram Tu mis mier miTiTebuli fasi ar Seesabameba
sadavo qonebis namdvil Rirebulebas, maSin am fass gan-
sazRvravs mosamarTle (me-40 muxli). davis sagnis fa-
sis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba sarCelis Se-
tanis dros arsebuli fasebi, xolo gadawyvetilebis
623
gasaCivrebisas _ `saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arse-

buli fasebi~ (me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelis fasi da saapelacio
saCivris fasi SeiZleba ar daemTxves erTmaneTs imis
gamo, rom saapelacio saCivris wardgenis dros sadavo
nivTebis fasebi Semcirda an, piriqiT, gaizarda.
saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZ-
leba kidev ufro garTuldes, rodesac gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebiT mosarCeles miekuTvna mxolod nawi-
li qonebisa (nivTebisa), xolo nawilze uari eTqva. am
SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba sakiTxi, ra Rirebulebisaa qo-
nebis is nawili, romelzec uari eTqva an romelTa mi-
marTac sarCeli dakmayofilda.
_ Tu saCivris Rirebulebis moculoba iwvevs eWvs,
maSin am Rirebulebis sarwmunod damtkicebis (dadas-
turebis) tvirTi ekisreba apelants. Rirebulebis mo-
culobis dasadastureblad apelantma SeiZleba wa-
rudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos specialistis das-
kvna, amonakrebi presis furclebidan, romelSic miTi-
Tebulia sadavo nivTebis sabazro Rirebuleba, ofi-
cialurad damtkicebuli preiskurantebi da a. S.

gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT
gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba
1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZ-
leba gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT im mxa-
rem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamo-
tanili.
2. saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxo-
lod iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
mimarT, romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiT
dauswreblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRar
SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebis
gamomtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyveti-
leba saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivr-
624
des mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arse-

bobda ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawy-
vetilebis gamotanisaTvis Sesabamisi samar-
Tlebrivi wanamZRvrebi.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs pir-

veli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZle-
ba gasaCivrdes ara saapelacio wesiT, aramed imave sa-
samarTloSi (236-e muxli). saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba
gasaCivrdes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me-
3 nawili).
2. ar aris gamoricxuli iseTi viTareba, rodesac er-
Ti da igive piris mimarT gamotanilia ori dauswrebe-
li gadawyvetileba da arc erTi ar aris gauqmebuli an
pirveli gauqmebulia, magram meore ara.
magaliTad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda
mxare. sasamarTlom gamoitana mis winaaRmdeg dausw-
rebeli gadawyvetileba. es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra
am mxarem. sasamarTlom kvlav gamoitana mis mimarT me-
ore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba saCivris dakmayofi-
lebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es meore gadawyvetileba
SeiZleba gaasaCivros am mxarem mxolod saapelacio we-
siT.
SeiZleba Seiqmnas sxvagvari viTarebac: mxarem, ro-
melmac gaasaCivra pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyveti-
leba, gamocxadda misi saCivris ganxilvaze. ganxilvis
Sedegad dadasturda, rom gamoucxadebloba gamowve-
uli iyo sapatio mizeziT. sasamarTlom gamoitana gan-
Cineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da
saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (241-e muxli). mxareTa Tx-
ovniT amave sxdomaze sarCelis ganxilva ar Sedga da
dainiSna am saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisaTvis sxva dRe.
magram am sxdomaze kvlav ar gamocxadda momCivani mxa-
re. mis mimarT meored (ganmeorebiT) gamotanil iqna da-
uswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, marTa-
625
lia mis mimarT arsebobs ara ori, aramed erTi dausw-

rebeli gadawyvetileba, radgan pirveli dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba mis mimarT gauqmebulia, magram miuxe-
davad amisa, am mxares SeuZlia mimarTos saCivriT mxo-
lod saapelacio (da ara imave) sasamarTlos.
_ meore (ganmeorebiT) dauswrebel gadawyvetile-
baze Setanili saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba emyarebo-
des 241-e muxlSi miTiTebul garemoebebs, romelTa ar-
sebobis SemTxvevaSi kanoni krZalavs dauswrebeli ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotanas saerTod (ix. am muxlis ko-
mentari).
muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSic

SeiZleba saapelacio saCivris Setana
werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili saapela-

cio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes im sasa-
marTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapela-
cio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.
_ praqtikuli sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba wamoiWras

am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, mdgomareobs
SemdegSi: iTvleba Tu ara saapelacio saCivari Setani-
lad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi Setanilia ara im sasa-
marTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapelacio wesiT ga-
saCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed uSualod saape-
lacio sasamarTloSi?
am kiTxvas dadebiTad unda vupasuxoT: saapelacio
saCivari unda CaiTvalos Setanilad im SemTxvevaSic,
roca igi SeaqvT uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
am saCivris miuReblobiT da misi apelantisaTvis
ukan dabrunebiT, rac sakmaod did dros moiTxovs, ape-
lantma SeiZleba gauSvas gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT
dadgenili dro da dakargos apelaciis ufleba. faq-
tiurad es iqneboda sruliad gaumarTlebeli da ara-
Tanazomieri sasjeli mxolod imisaTvis, rom apelan-
626
tma mimarTa uSualod im sasamarTlos, romelmac unda

ganixilos saCivari.
amrigad, saapelacio saCivari vadaSi Semotanilad iT-
vleba im SemTxvevaSic, roca igi Setanilia uSualod saa-
pelacio sasamarTloSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda ga-
moiTxovos Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan saqme da Seamowmos
saCivris dasaSveboba da dasabuTebuloba ise, rogorc
amas igi akeTebs, roca saapelacio saCivars saqmesTan er-
Tad iRebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlodan.

Sinaarsi
1. saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis
saxelzedac aris Sedgenili saCivari;
b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs,
romelsac Seaqvs saCivari;
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust
dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyveti-
lebis gamomtan sasamarTloze;
d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyve-
tilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli;
e) miTiTebas, Tu raSi mdgomareobs ga-
dawyvetilebis usworoba da konkretulad
ras moiTxovs saapelacio saCivris Semtani
piri;
v) miTiTebas garemoebebze, romlebic asa-
buTeben saapelacio saCivars, da mtkice-
bulebebze, romelebic adastureben am ga-
remoebebs;
z) saapelacio saCivarze darTuli weri-
lobiTi masalebis nusxas.
2. saapelacio saCivari, agreTve damate-
biT Semosuli masalebi sasamarTlos wa-
redgineba imdeni aslis darTviT, ramdeni
monawilec aris saqmeSi.
627
3. saapelacio saCivars xels awers misi

Semtani piri an warmomadgeneli.
4. Tu uflebamosilebis damadasturebe-
li sabuTi saqmeSi ar aris, warmomadgen-
lis mier Setanil saapelacio saCivars un-
da daerTos saapelacio saCivris Setanaze
misi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli min-
dobiloba.
5. Tu saapelacio saCivari ar upasuxebs
zemoCamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifo
baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo ava-
lebs saCivris Semtan pirs Seavsos xarvezi,
risTvisac mas vadas uniSnavs. Tu am vadaSi
xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, saapelacio
saCivari aRar miiReba.
1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris saval-

debulo rekvizitebs (Semadgenel elementebs), romel-
Ta erToblioba qmnis saapelacio saCivris Sinaarss.
a) saapelacio saCivris adresati aris saapelacio sa-
samarTlo. amitom, saapelacio saCivari Tumca Setanil
unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana gasa-
Civrebuli gadawyvetileba (367-e muxli), magram saape-
lacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im saapelacio sasamar-
Tlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixilos saCivari.
b) saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos uSualod
dainteresebulma mxarem an misma warmomadgenelma. ami-
tom, saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im piris da-
saxelebas da misamarTs, visac Seaqvs saCivari. Tu saa-
pelacio saCivari Seaqvs warmomadgenels (ix. am muxlis
me-3 da me-4 nawilebi), maSin saCivarSi miTiTebuli un-
da iyos am warmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi,
rac cxadia ar gamoricxavs, rom paralelurad miTiTe-
buli iyos marwmuneblis dasaxeleba da misamarTi.
g) saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebu-
li gadawyvetilebis ara marto dasaxelebas, aramed mas
628
Tan unda erTvodes am gadawyvetilebis saTanadod da-

mowmebuli asli.
d) saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio sa-
Civris farglebiT (377-e muxli). cxadia, rom saapela-
cio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTe-
buli, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivre-
buli, roca igi mxolod nawilobriv da ara mTlianad
saCivrdeba.
e) saapelacio sasamarTlos, saCivris farglebSi, Se-
uZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobri-
vi, ise iuridiuli mxare (377-e muxli).
amitom, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens saapela-
cio saCivarSi imis naTlad Camoyalibeba, Tu konkretu-
lad raSi gamoixateba gadawyvetilebis usworoba.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiT
gadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli faqtobrivad,
maSin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu raSi gamoixateba
konkretulad faqtobrivi dausabuTebloba (araswora-
daa gansazRvruli mtkicebis sagani, arasworadaa gana-
wilebuli mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTi, sasamarT-
los daskvnebi faqtebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb
ar emyareba saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs, gadawy-
vetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli, Tu ratom uaryo (ar gai-
ziara) sasamarTlom saqmeSi arsebuli esa Tu is mtki-
cebuleba da a. S.).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiT
gadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli iuridiulad, ma-
Sin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu konkretulad raSi
vlindeba gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli dausabuTeblo-
ba, kerZod, romeli kanonia darRveuli da raSi gamoi-
xateba es darRveva (gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar un-
da gamoeyenebina, arasworad gaigo kanonis azri da Si-
naarsi da a. S. ix. 393-e muxlis komentari).
aqve miTiTebuli unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras mo-
iTxovs apelanti: gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saq-
mis xelaxla ganxilvas, gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da
629
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas Tu sarCelis ganuxilvelad

datovebas.
v) cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv
Tu samarTlebriv usworobaze (dausabuTeblobaze) mi-
TiTeba ar kmara. saCivarSi aucileblad unda iyos mi-
TiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebic asabuTeben gadaw-
yvetilebis faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv usworobas
(dausabuTeblobas), agreTve mtkicebulebebze, rom-
lebic adastureben am garemoebebs. saapelacio saCi-
varSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos saqmeSi arsebul mtki-
cebulebebze, romlebic ar Seafasa gasaCivrebuli ga-
dawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom, arasworad Se-
afasa an ar miuTiTa, Tu ratom uaryo igi. amasTan er-
Tad, apelants SeuZlia warmoadginos saapelacio sa-
samarTloSi axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli), ro-
melTa miRebis sakiTxs wyvets saapelacio sasamarTlo
kanoniT dadgenili pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT (380-
e da 382-e muxlebi). es axali mtkicebulebebi, Tu isini
miTiTebulia saapelacio saCivarSi, unda erTvodes am
saCivars, magram isini SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes mog-
vianebiTac, Tu apelanti ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver as-
wrebs maT warmodgenas saCivarTan erTad. mxedvelo-
baSia werilobiTi da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, agreT-
ve eqspertis daskvna, Sedgenili apelantis TxovniT.
rac Seexeba axlad dasaxelebul mowmeebs, isini SeiZ-
leba gamoiZaxos saapelacio sasamarTlom am kodeqsis
380-e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am
muxlis komentari) da dakiTxos am kodeqsiT dadgeni-
li wesiT (140-153-e muxlebi).
z) erTi SexedviT, am qvepunqtis miTiTeba (danawe-
si) arc ise mniSvnelovania. sinamdvileSi misi Sesru-
leba Tavidan agvacdens mTel rig seriozul gaugeb-
robebs, romlebsac zogjer adgili aqvs praqtikaSi, ro-
desac apelanti acxadebs, rom man Tan daurTo saCi-
vars esa Tu is masala, magram ratomRac igi saqmeSi aRa-
raa.
aqedan gamomdinare, saapelacio sasamarTlom saa-
630
pelacio saCivris miRebisas unda Seamowmos, ramdenad

Seesabameba am saCivarSi miTiTebuli nusxa (CamonaTva-
li) im werilobiT (nivTier) masalebs, romlebic namd-
vilad erTvis am saCivars.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamovlindeba Seusabamoba sa-
Civris nusxasa da masze darTul masalebs Soris, saa-
pelacio sasamarTlom dauyovnebliv unda acnobos amis
Sesaxeb apelants Tavisi ganCinebiT xarvezis Sevsebis
Sesaxeb.
2. saapelacio saCivari da TandarTuli sabuTebis as-
lebi egzavneba mowinaaRmdege mxares (373-e muxli). ami-
Taa ganpirobebuli apelantis movaleoba warmoadginos
saapelacio saCivari da masze darTuli an mogvianebiT
warmodgenili masalebi imdeni aslis raodenobiT, ram-
deni mowinaaRmdegec aris saqmeSi.
3. saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos rogorc
uSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivars
xels awers is, visac Seaqvs saCivari.
4. warmomadgenelma rom Seitanos saapelacio saCi-
vari, amisaTvis ar kmara mxolod warmomadgenloba.
amis Taobaze aucilebelia specialurad iyos aRniSnu-
li mindobilobaSi (98-e muxli). amitom, saapelacio sa-
samarTlom yovelTvis unda Seamowmos mindobiloba,
xolo Tu aseTi mindobiloba araa saqmeSi, maSin igi un-
da erTvodes saapelacio saCivars.
_ iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio saCivari
Semoaqvs Tumca mxaris warmomadgenels, magram ro-
melsac ar aqvs aseTi saCivris wardgenis uflebamosi-
leba, maSin sasamarTlom aseT warmomadgenels unda
dauniSnos vada xarvezis Sesavsebad Tavisi ganCinebiT.
magram, Tu saCivari Semoaqvs sruliad gareSe pirs,
romelic arc adre da arc amJamad ar monawileobda saq-
meSi da ar gaaCnia warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosile-
ba _ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCi-
neba saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (374-e
muxli). xarvezis Sevsebaze SeiZleba vilaparakoT mxo-
lod maSin, roca saCivari Semoaqvs mxares an mis warmo-
631
madgenels, romelsac ar gaaCnia specialuri uflebam-

osileba amisaTvis, an mas ar aqvs ufleba gamovides war-
momadgenlad saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi
(440-e muxli).
5. xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba. apelants SeuZlia sTxovos sasamar-
Tlos xarvezis SevsebisaTvis ganCinebiT daniSnuli va-
dis gagrZeleba mxolod konkretuli saproceso mo-
qmedebis Sesasruleblad daniSnul vadis amowurvam-
de. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciati-
viTac gaagrZelos es vada (64-e muxli). magram, Tu vada
ar gagrZelebula, an vada gavida, saapelacio sasamarT-
los gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilve-
lad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (374-e
muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mier
Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.

Setanis vada
1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada Sead-
gens 14 dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdge-
na) ar SeiZleba da igi iwyeba mxarisTvis
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemis
momentidan. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileb-
is gadacemis momentad iTvleba dasabuTe-
buli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisTvis
Cabareba am kodeqsis 70-e-78-e muxlebis
Sesabamisad.
2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis ga-
mocxadebas eswreba saapelacio saCivris Se-
tanis uflebis mqone piri, saapelacio saCiv-
ris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis
momentidan.
1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis 14 dRiani vadis arc

gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar SeiZleba. amitom, kidev
632
ufro did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad

gansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyeba saapelacio saCivris
Setanis vada da saidan - am vadis dena.
saapelacio saCivris Setanis vadis dasawyisi gan-
isazRvreba mxarisaTvis dasabuTebuli (motivirebu-
li) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentiT, xolo, Tu
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli,
maSin es vada iwyeba gamocxadebis momentidan oRond
im pirobiT, Tu saapelacio saCivris Setanis uflebis
mqone piri eswreboda gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas.
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis mxarisaTvis gada-
cemis momentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis damowme-
buli aslis xelze micema mxarisaTvis an misi warmo-
madgenlisaTvis uSvalod sasamarTloSi, rac man
unda daadasturos Sedgenil xelwerilze sakuTari
xelmoweriTa da TariRis miTiTebiT, an misi mxari-
saTvis gadagzavnis dro. gagzavnis drod miCneuli
unda iqnes dro, rodesac gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78-
e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaegzavna mxares,
oRond saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos damadasture-
beli cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetileb-
is asli Cabarda adresats.
2. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris Set-
anis vadis dasawyiss, magram ar gansazRvravs Tu said-
an iwyeba vadis dena. es imitom, rom vadis denis
dasawyiss zogadad gansazRvravs me-60 muxlis meore
nawili (ix.am muxlis komentari), romlis Tanaxmad wlee-
biT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso va-
dis dena iwyeba im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis
dadgomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia
misi dasawyisi.
es ki imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio saCivris Set-
anis vada iwyeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gada-
cemis an gamocxadebis momentidan, maSin am saCivris
Setanis vadis dena iwyeba am momentis momdevno dRi-
dan. magaliTad, dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gada-
cema moxda 10 seqtembers. maSasadame 10 seqtemberi
633
aris gasaCivrebis vadis dasawyisi. vadis denis aTvla

ki daiwyeba momdevno dRidan, e.i. 11 seqtembridan da
damTavrdeba 24 seqtembers saRamos 12 saaTze.
saproceso vadis dasawyisisa da am vadis denis (aTv-
lis) dasawyisis kanoniT dadgenili wesis ganuxrelad
dacvis sakiTxi ganmtkicebuli aqvs saqarTvelos uze-
naesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotre-
bis saqmeTa sakasacio palatas Tavis erT-erT gan-
CinebaSi.57
muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebaze

uaris Tqma
Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg
mxare sasamarTlos an mowinaaRmdege mxa-
res werilobiTi formiT ganucxadebs uars
saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, saapelacio sa-
Civari aRar daiSveba.
_ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma mxaris uf-

lebaa. am uflebis realizacias ukavSirdeba garkveu-
li iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, mxare romelmac aseTi
uari ganacxada, kargavs uflebas gaasaCivros gadawy-
vetileba saapelacio wesiT.
_ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia warmoma-
dgenlis meSveobiTac, oRond im pirobiT, Tu mas eq-
neba amaze specialuri uflebamosileba.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa sakasacio palatam araerTgzis miuTiTa,
rom saapelacio saCivari ar daiSveba mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu aseT gasaCivrebaze uari Tqva mxar-
em an mis mier specialurad uflebamosilma pirma.58
_ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia rogorc ga-
57
ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2005, #4, gv.3-4
58
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze , 2005, #3, gv.242
634
dawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis, ise motivire-

buli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg.
_ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia
mxolod werilobiTi formiT, magram Tu aseTi uari ze-
pirad iqna gamoTqmuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis-
Tanave, igi Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi da dadasturdes
gamncxadebeli mxaris xelmoweriT. amasTan erTad, mas
unda ganemartos, rom igi kargavs saapelacio saCivris
Semotanis uflebas. amitom misi saCivari, Tu igi miuxe-
davad amisa, mainc iqneba Semotanili, ganuxilvelad
darCeba dauSveblobis gamo (ix. 374-e da 378-e muxlebis
komentari).
_ mxare, romelmac uari ganacxada saapelacio gasa-
Civrebaze, kvlav moipovebs am uflebas, Tu mowinaaRm-
dege mxare, romelsac uari ar uTqvams gasaCivrebaze,
Semoitans saapelacio saCivars Segebebuli saapelacio
saCivris formiT kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi (379-e mux-
li).
muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavna

saapelacio sasamarTloSi
saapelacio saCivris Sesvlis Semdeg pir-

veli instanciis sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv
gadaugzavnis saapelacio sasamarTlos
mTlianad saqmes, agreTve damatebiT Semo-
sul yvela masalas.
_ pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo ar amowmebs saa-

pelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxs da saqmes saCi-
varTan erTad agzavnis dauyovnebliv saapelacio sa-
samarTloSi.
_ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia ara gasaCivre-
buli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, aramed
uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi, maSin saapelacio
sasamarTlom saqme unda gamoiTxovos Sesabamisi sasa-
marTlodan (ix. 367-e muxlis komentari).
635
T a v i XLVI
saqmis warmoeba saapelacio sasamarTloSi
muxli 372. zogadi debulebani
saqmis ganxilva saapelacio sasamarTloSi

warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgeni-
lia pirveli instanciiT saqmeTa ganxilvi-
saTvis, am TavSi mocemuli cvlilebebiTa
da damatebebiT.
_ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia mniSvnelovani wesi,

romlis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasamarTlo, marTalia,
aris meore instanciis sasamarTlo, romelic amowmebs
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetileba-
Ta faqtobriv da iuridiul dasabuTebulobas, magram
saqmeTa ganxilvisas igi xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT,
rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi
saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis.
_ amasTan erTad, saqmeTa ganxilva saapelacio sasa-
marTloebSi xasiaTdeba garkveuli TaviseburebebiT,
rac ganpirobebulia am sasamarTlos amocanebiTa da
funqciebiT. swored es Taviseburebania Camoyalibe-
buli am TavSi.
muxli 373. saqmis momzadeba

saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar
sxdomaze gansaxilvelad
1. saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar

sxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs saapela-
cio sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTle
(momxsenebeli mosamarTle), romelic amow-
mebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas da
gamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba, gadaugzavnis
mowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisa
636
da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs da dauni-

Snavs mas vadas werilobiTi Sesageblis
warmosadgenad, romelic unda Seicavdes
pasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze: eTanxmeba Tu ara
saapelacio saCivris moTxovnebs; Tu ar
eTanxmeba ra garemoebebs emyareba misi
Sesagebeli; xom ar apirebs Segebebuli
saapelacio saCivris Semotanas, axali faqte-
bisa da axali mtkicebulebebis warmodge-
nas da Tu apirebs, ra mizeziT ar war-
moadgina isini pirveli instanciis sasa-
marTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas. axal faqteb-
sa da mtkicebulebebs saapelacio sasamarT-
lo miiRebs am kodeqsis 380-e da 382-e
muxlebis moTxovnaTa dacviT.
2. momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia Seas-
rulos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva sapro-
ceso moqmedebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs
saqmis swrafad da sworad ganxilvas. mas
SeuZlia agreTve daniSnos mosamzadebeli
sxdoma am kodeqsis 205-e muxlis Sesabamis-
ad. saapelacio mosamarTle iRebs zomebs
saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis mizniT.
1. es muxli amkvidrebs praqtikuli TvlsazrisiT

metad mniSvnelovan wess, romlis Tanaxmad saapelacio
saCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebs saapelacio sasamarT-
los mosamarTle erTpirovnulad, rogorc wesi es
iqneba momxsenebeli mosamarTle da, rac aranakleb
mniSvnelovania, am saCivris safuZvelze Semosul
saqmes mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs es mo-
samarTle aseve erTpirovnulad, saapelacio sa-
Civris dasaSvebobis Semowmebisa da saapelacio sasa-
marTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad momzadebis
aseTi wesi udavod Seuwyobs xels saapelacio saCivris
droulad ganxilvasa da sworad gadawyvetas.
- saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis
637
mizniT mosamarTlem unda Seamowmos yvela im pirobis

arseboba an ararseboba (dasaSvebobis dadebiTi da uary-
ofiTi winapirobebi), romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs saa-
pelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas (ix.374-e muxlis komen-
tari). Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad saapelacio sasa-
marTlos mosamarTle miva im daskvnamde, rom saapela-
cio saCivari dasaSvebia igi gamoitans ganCinebas saapel-
acio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb da (ix. 374-
e muxlis komentari), iwyebs saqmis momzadebas saapela-
cio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad.
saqmis saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze
gansaxilvelad momzadebas ki sagangebo yuradReba
unda mieqces, radgan aseTi momzadebis xarisxze damok-
idebulia saqmis droulad, sworad da samarTlianad
ganxilva da gadawyveta.
saqmis momzadebis mizniT saapelacio sasamarTlos
mosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT:
1. 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaugzavnis
mowinaaRmdege mxares (saapelacio mopasuxes) saapel-
acio saCivars da masze TandarTul sabuTebis aslebs.
2. mosamarTle amave ganCinebiT dauniSnavs saapela-
cio mopasuxes vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSiac man unda
warmoadginos werilobiT Sedgenili Sesagebeli (Sepa-
suxeba) saapelacio saCivarze.
3. es werilobiTi Sesagebeli unda Seicavdes pasuxs
Semdeg sakiTxebze;
a) rogor gaigo man saapelacio saCivris moTxovnebi,
romlebsac apelanti ayenebs da eTanxmeba Tu ara am
moTxovnebs mTlianad Tu nawilobriv;
b) Tu ar eTanxmeba saapelacio saCivarSi wamoyeneb-
ul moTxovnebs miuTiTos ratom ar eTanxmeba, anu
miuTiTos im garemoebebze, romelTa gamo ar eTanxme-
ba. es garemoebebi unda iyos rac SeiZleba naTlad da
amomwuravad miTiTebuli mopasuxis w erilobiT Sedge-
nil SesagebelSi, raTa mosamarTlem SeZlos maTi sa-
marTlebrivi Sefaseba da amis safuZvelze sakiTxis
638
gadawyveta ramdenad mniSvnelovania iuridiulad es

garemoebebi saapelacio saCivris gasaqarwyleblad;
g) saqmeSi arsebuli an axlad warmodgenili romeli
mtkicebulebiT dasturdeba an SeiZleba dadasturdes
es garemoebebi;
d) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris
Semotanas, xolo Tu apirebs afrTxilebs mas, rom es
dasaSvebia misTvis saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan
10 dRis vadaSi (ix.379-e muxlis komentari).
e) mosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT afrTxilebs saa-
pelacio mopasuxes imis Sesaxeb, rom axali faqtebis,
agreTve axali mtkicebulebis wardgena saapelacio
sasamarTloSi dasaSvebia mxolod erTi aucilebeli
pirobiT: Tu isini ver iqna wardgenili pirveli in-
stanciis sasamarTloSi sapatio mizeziT. konkretul
mizezebze miTiTebuli unda iyos werilobiT
SesagebelSi, xolo Tu ramdenad sapatioa es mizezebi -
damokidebulia mosamarTlis Sinagan rwmenaze.
Tu saapelacio mopasuxis mier dasaxelebuli mize-
zebis Sefasebis Sedegad mosamarTle miva im daskvnam-
de, rom isini ar SeiZleba sapatio mizezebad CaiTva-
los, man ar unda miiRos da ganixilos isini (ix.380-e da
382-e muxlebis komentari).
2. saqmis momzadebis mizniT am muxlis pirvel naw-
ilSi CaomTvlili moqmedebebi araa amomwuravi, saapel-
acio saCivrisa da saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixed-
viT saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia Seasrulos sxva
saproceso moqmedebebi, misces saapelacio mopasuxes
sxva xasiaTis davalebebi.
saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamza-
debeli sxdoma Tu arsebobs amisaTvis kanoniT gaTval-
iswinebuli pirobebi (ix.205-e muxlis komentari).
Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mxareebi morigdebian,
saapelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas mxareTa
morigebis damtkicebisa da am saqmeze adre miRebuli
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebaSi unda
aisaxos morigebis pirobebi anu romelma mxarem ra
639
konkretuli moqmedeba unda Seasrulos meore mxaris

sasargeblod (208-e muxli). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu apelan-
ti uars ityvis saapelacio saCivarze (378-e muxli), saa-
pelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saapelacio
warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis mier saapela-
cio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mowinaamdege mxarem (saa-
pelacio mopasuxem) cnos saapelacio saCivari, maSin
saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia gamoitanos gadaw-
yvetileba (ganCineba) saapelacio saCivriT wamoyeneb-
uli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, saapelacio mosamarTles gan-
Cinebebi gamoaqvs erTpirovnulad, magram saapelacio
sasamarTlos saxeliT anu rogorc saapelacio sasa-
marTlos ganCineba, romelzec xels awers mxolod am
ganCinebis gamomtani saapelacio mosamarTle.

dasaSvebobis Semowmeba
1. saapelacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10

dRis ganmavlobaSi saapelacio sasamarT-
lom unda Seamowmos, dasaSvebia Tu ara
saapelacio saCivari. Tu Semowmebis Sede-
gad aRmoCndeba, rom saapelacio saCivari
dasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba
saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRe-
bis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaS-
vebobis esa Tu is piroba ar arsebobs,
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapela-
cio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Se-
saxeb, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo saCiv-
ris Setana.
2. es ganCinebebi SeiZleba miRebul iqnes
saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmis zepi-
ri ganxilvis gareSe.
640
1. am muxlSi miTiTebul vadaSi saapelacio sasamar-

Tlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebo-
bis yvela piroba, kerZod:
a) daculia Tu ara saapelacio saCivris wardgenis
14 dRiani vada (369-e muxli);
b) pasuxobs Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi ka-
nonis moTxovnebs (368-e muxli);
g) Seesabameba Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Rirebu-
leba kanoniT gansazRvrul odenobas (365-e muxli);
d) aris Tu ara gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawy-
vetileba ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
(366-e muxli);
e) aqvs Tu ara saCivris Semomtan warmomadgenels
gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis ufle-
bamosileba (368-e muxlis me-4 nawili);
v) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi;
z) uari xom ar aqvs naTqvami apelants saapelacio
gasaCivrebaze kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (370-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis
Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom arsebobs misi dasaSvebobis
yvela piroba, saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs ganCine-
bas `saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da
misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~. amave ganCinebiT igi niSnavs
saapelacio saCivris ganxilvis dResac (376-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piro-
ba ar arsebobs, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gan-
Cineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu xarvezi Tavisi
xasiaTiTa da SinaarsiT iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SesaZ-
lebelia (magaliTad, saCivris Sinaarsis Camoyalibeba
kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, baJis gadaxda, warmo-
madgenlis mindobilobaSi gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-
bis uflebamosilebis aRniSvna); Tu xarvezi saapela-
cio sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sev-
sebuli, an dasaSvebobis piroba iseTia, rom misi Sevse-
ba SeuZlebelia (magaliTad, gasulia gasaCivrebis va-
da, apelants uari aqvs naTqvami saapelacio gasaCivre-
baze, gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba araa
641
ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba), maSin sa-

apelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba saapela-
cio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi
dauSveblobis gamo~. aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ub-
rundeba mis mier Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.
zemoT miTiTebul ganCinebebs saapelacio mosamar-
Tle iRebs erTpirovnuldad, magram isini miiReba saa-
pelacio sasamarTlos saxeliT, cxadia araa gamoricx-
uli rom es ganCinebebi miiRos saapelacio sasamarT-
loskolegiurma Semadgenlobam.
2. yvela ganCineba da, maT Soris, miTiTebuli ganCi-
nebebi, romlebic SeiZleba miRebul iqnes zepiri gan-
xilvis gareSe da mxareTa Seutyobineblad, SeiZleba
miRebul iqnes mxareTa SetyobinebiTa da zepiri gan-
xilvis Sedegadac, Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewoni-
lad da saWirod miaCnia. kanoni uSvebs ganCinebis ze-
piri ganxilvis gareSe miRebis SesaZleblobas, magram
ar krZalavs am ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad mi-
Rebis SesaZleblobas.
_ kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod ganCineba-
ze saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, magram ara
ganCinebaze saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb.

miRebis Sedegi
1. Tu arsebobs saapelacio saCivris yvela
winapiroba da igi miRebulia saapelacio
sasamarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-
tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba
im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia.
2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, ro-
melic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, sa-
apelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT
SeaCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsru-
lebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi. gan-
Cineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamotanil
642
iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. sasamarT-

los SeuZlia aRsrulebis SeCereba, aRsru-
lebis RonisZiebis gauqmeba, agreTve aRs-
rulebis gagrZeleba uzrunvelyofis Sesa-
bamisi garantiebis gamoyenebiT.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlom

gamoitana `ganCineba saapelacio saCivris gansaxilve-
lad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~, gasaCivre-
buli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCer-
deba im nawilSi, romelSic igi gasaCivrebulia. am gan-
CinebaSi imis Cawera, rom gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-
laSi Sesvla SeCerdes, aucilebeli araa. gasaCivrebu-
li gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla Cerdeba
ara sasamarTlos ganCinebis, aramed kanonis ZaliT.
2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ga-
dawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblo-
bas, sanam igi kanonier ZalaSi Sevidodes (268-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia iseT gadawyve-
tilebaze, romlis mimarT gamotanilia ganCineba kano-
nier ZalaSi Sesvlamde misi dauyovnebliv aRsrule-
bis Sesaxeb, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos apelantis
SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba gasaCiv-
rebuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
droebiT SeCerebisa da aRsrulebis RonisZiebebis ga-
uqmebis Sesaxeb.
_ saapelacio sasamarTlos mier aseTi ganCinebis mi-
Reba aucilebelia, radgan saapelacio saCivris Setana
avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
Sesaxeb adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis moqmedebas.
amasTan erTad, saapelacio sasamarTlos mxareTa Su-
amdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoiyenos aRsrulebis gauqme-
biT, SeCerebiT, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZelebiT mo-
salodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa 57-e
da 268-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am
muxlebis komentari).
643
muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna
saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRe-

bis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansaz-
Rvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, ris
Sesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am ganCine-
bis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. saape-
lacio sasamarTlo iRebs kanoniT gaTva-
liswinebul yvela zomas, raTa saapelacio
saCivari ganxilul iqnes dadgenil vadaSi
_ saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvna xdeba saa-

pelacio sasamarTlos `ganCinebiT saapelacio saCivris
gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~.
_ am muxlis moTxovnis Sesruleba ubiZgebs saape-
lacio sasamarTlos, saqmis sirTulisa da am saqmis mom-
zadebis mizniT aucilebel saproceso moqmedebaTa
Sesrulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, winaswar ganWvritos, Tu
rodis iqneba SesaZlebeli saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ze-
piri ganxilva.
_ saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da
saqmis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebs, romleb-
Sic miTiTebulia saqmis (saapelacio saCivris) ganxil-
vis dro, sasamarTlo ugzavnis mxareebs.
_ saapelacio saCivris safuZvelze saqmeTa ganxil-
vis vada ganisazRvreba sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxil-
vis im vadebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 59-e mux-
lis me-3 nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos yvela zoma,
raTa saqmis ganxilva moxdes aRniSnuli ganCinebiT gaT-
valiswinebul dRes. Tu raime mizezis gamo es ver xer-
xdeba, amis Sesaxeb unda ecnoboT mxareebs.
saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da saq-
mis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna
mxareebisaTvis ar aTavisuflebs saapelacio sasamar-
Tlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos uwyeba mxareebs da
maT warmomadgenlebs, agreTve saqmis monawile sxva pi-
644
rebs saqmis ganxilvis dRis Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT

dadgenili wesiT.

Semowmebis farglebi
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs ga-
dawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris farg-
lebSi faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi Tval-
sazrisiT.
2. samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Semowme-
bisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 393-e
da 394-e muxlebis moTxovnebiT.
3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis sa-
gani SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlos
is ganCinebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saq-
mis pirvel instanciaSi ganxilvasTan da-
kavSirebiT da romlebic win uswrebs sasa-
marTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, imisa-
gan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maT
mimarT kerZo saCivris Setana.
4. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamow-
mos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarT-
los uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas moce-
mul konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sa-
erTaSoriso kompetencia.
5. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gans-
jadobas saapelacio sasamarTlo Seamow-
mebs mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi
moTxovna dasaSvebia, Tu igi saqmis pirvel
instanciaSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli
mopasuxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio
mizezi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqna
wina instanciaSi wamoyenebuli.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio sa-

Civris, anu am saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantis
645
moTxovnis farglebiT. es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyve-

tilebis faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dasabuTebuloba
saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos saapela-
cio saCivris moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi.
_ sauaresod Sebruneba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis ga-
uqmeba an Secvla im nawilSi, romelic apelants ar
gausaCivrebia, an iseTnairad, rogorc mas ar wamouye-
nebia _ dauSvebelia (384-e muxli).
_ gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi da-
sabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros sasamarTlom yurad-
Reba unda miaqcios or garemoebas: a) romel faqtob-
riv garemoebas Tvlis sasamarTlo dadgenilad da am-
yarebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas gasaCivrebul nawilSi
da b) dasturdeba Tu ara es garemoebebi saqmeSi arse-
buli an axlad warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT.
2. gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulo-
bis Semowmebisas saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gansaz-
Rvros, sworad gamoiyena Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadaw-
yvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom kanoni, e. i. iuri-
diulad sworad Seafasa Tu ara sasamarTlom is faq-
tobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic man dadgenilad CaT-
vala.
_ samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Sefasebisas sasa-
marTlosaTvis mTavari orientiria 393-e muxli, rome-
lic gansazRvravs, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba kano-
ni darRveulad da 394-e muxli, romelic Seicavs saka-
sacio saCivris absolutur safuZvlebs, anu gadawyve-
tilebis gauqmebis udavo safuZvlebis CamonaTvals,
romlebic mTlianad vrceldeba saapelacio sasamarT-
lozec (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobrivi, ise iuri-
diuli dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros saapelacio
sasamarTlos SeuZlia gascdes saapelacio saCivris
farglebs, e. i. SeuZlia Seamowmos darRvevebi, daSve-
buli mtkicebulebebis Sefasebisa da faqtiuri gare-
moebebis dadgenis dros, agreTve kanonis iseTi darR-
646
vevebi, romlebzec ar iyo miTiTebuli saapelacio sa-

CivarSi.
3. gasaCivrebis dasaSvebobis TvalsazrisiT ganCi-
nebebi SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: a) ganCinebebi, rom-
lebzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, rac imas niS-
navs, rom am ganCinebebis gasaCivreba dasaSvebia cal-
ke, gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da b) gan-
Cinebebi, romelTa calke gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba, mag-
ram dasaSvebia maTi uaryofa da maT winaaRmdeg mosaz-
rebaTa Camoyalibeba gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mi-
marTul saapelacio saCivarSi.
_ is ganCinebebi, romlebzec dasaSvebia kerZo sa-
Civris Setana, SeiZleba, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar iyo
Tavis droze gasaCivrebuli mxaris mier an imis gamo,
rom mxarem gauSva misi gasaCivrebis vada, an imis gamo,
rom ar moisurva maSin misi calke gasaCivreba. aseTi,
Tumca gasaCivrebadi, magram Tavis droze gausaCivre-
beli ganCinebebi uTanabrdeba da iziarebs im ganCine-
bebis `beds~, romlebzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris
Setana, magram Tavisuflad SeiZleba maTi uaryofa ga-
dawyvetilebasTan erTad.
es imas ar niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebaze calke un-
da daiweros saapelacio saCivari, xolo zemoxsenebul
ganCinebebze _ calke saCivari (igive kerZo saCivari).
ra Tqma unda ara! am ganCinebebis usworobaze SeiZleba
miTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio saCivarSi. saape-
lacio saCivarSi am ganCinebebis dausabuTeblobaze mi-
TiTebas is mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes, rom swored
maTi miRebis wyalobiT iqna gamotanili dausabuTebe-
li da ukanono gadawyvetileba. magaliTad, apelantma
Tavis saapelacio saCivarSi miuTiTa, rom saqmis swo-
rad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba
ver dadasturda, radgan sasamarTlom Tavisi araswo-
ri da dausabuTebeli ganCinebiT uari uTxra mas Sesa-
bamisi mtkicebulebis miRebaze, mowmis gamoZaxebasa da
dakiTxvaze, eqspertizis daniSvnaze da a. S. an kidev,
sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic kanonis dar-
647
RveviTaa miRebuli, uari uTxra mas Suamdgomlobaze

acilebis Sesaxeb da a. S.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad saapelacio
saCivriT gasaCivrebul ganCinebaze saapelacio sasa-
marTlos ar gamoaqvs calke ganCineba. saapelacio sa-
Civris obieqtia sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. am gasa-
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT mas gamoaqvs Tavi-
si gadawyvetileba. Tu im ganCinebebs, romlebic win us-
wreben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas, marTlac SeeZ-
loT gamoewvia misi faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dausa-
buTebuloba, mas gamoaqvs Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba
(ganCineba) swored am gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis
da ara manamde miRebuli ganCinebebis mimarT.
4. sasamarTlos uwyebriv qvemdebareobas (me-11 mux-
li) saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs Tavisi inicia-
tiviT. Tavisi iniciativiT amowmebs igi agreTve saqar-
Tvelos saerTaSoriso kompetencias, risTvisac xelm-
ZRvanelobs saqarTvelos kanoniT `saerTaSoriso ker-
Zo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (ix. am kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).
5. gansjadobis Semowmeba saapelacio sasamarTlos
SeuZlia mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxov-
na ki mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos mxolod 21-e mux-
lis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis safuZ-
velze (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarze

uaris Tqma
1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaS-

vebia saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-
lebis gamotanamde. saqmis zepiri ganxilvi-
sas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaS-
vebia mowinaaRmdege mxaris TanxmobiT.
2. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis Sem-
TxvevaSi mxares erTmeva ufleba kvlav ga-
asaCivros sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sa-
apelacio wesiT. saapelacio sasamarTlos
648
gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlo xarjebis Se-

saxeb.
1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma unda ganvasxva-

voT gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze
uaris Tqmisagan (370-e muxli). saapelacio gasaCivreba-
ze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi saapelacio saCivari aRar
daiSveba. saapelacio saCivarze uari ki gulisxmobs
imas, rom apelants ar hqonia naTqvami uari saapelacio
gasaCivrebaze, waradgina saapelacio saCivari, magram
Semdgom gadaifiqra da uari Tqva Tavis saCivarze.
aseTi uari apelants SeuZlia Tqvas saqmis zepiri
ganxilvis anu sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebamde, magram
Tu aseTi uari man Tqva saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros,
maSin saWiroa mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba. Tu ase-
Ti Tanxmoba ar iqneba, saapelacio sasamarTlom unda
ganixilos saCivari.
2. saapelacio saCivarze apelantis mier uaris Tq-
mas, anu saapelacio saCivris gamoxmobas ukavSirdeba
seriozuli Sedegi: apelants erTmeva ufleba kvlav ga-
asaCivros gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT.
_ saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis (saCivris gamox-
mobis) SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba sa-
apelacio warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis mier
saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo~. amave ganCine-
biT unda ganisazRvros xarjebis gadaxdis sakiTxic.
saapelacio warmoebiT gamowveuli xarjebis gadaxda
unda daekisros apelants imis analogiurad, rodesac
mosarCele uars ambobs mis mier aRZrul sarCelze (54-
e muxli).
_ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba.
muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelacio

saCivari
mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia saapela-

cio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi
649
waradginos Segebebuli saapelacio saCiva-

ri, miuxedavad imisa, gancxadebuli aqvs Tu
ara uari saapelacio saCivris Setanaze. saa-
pelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis an misi ganux-
ilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli
saapelacio saCivari ar ganixileba.
_ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari SeuZlia warad-

ginos mowinaaRmdege mxarem im SemTxvevaSic ki, rode-
sac mas uari aqvs naTqvami gadawyvetilebis saapela-
cio wesiT gasaCivrebaze (370-e muxli).
_ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivriT apelantis mowi-
naaRmdege mxare moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas
im nawilSi, romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamo-
tanili da, maSasadame, apelantis mier araa gasaCivre-
buli.
Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba iq-
neba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saa-
pelacio saCivris dasabuTebulad cnoba. Segebebuli
saCivris wardgeniT sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis
principi aRar moqmedebs.
_ Segebebul saapelacio saCivars, zogierTi gamo-
naklisis garda, waeyeneba igive moTxovnebi, rogoric
ZiriTad saapelacio saCivars (368-e muxli).
es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
a) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba
kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCiv-
ris Rirebuleba aRematebodes 1000 lars. igi SeiZleba
1000 larze naklebic iyos;
b) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba
kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCiv-
ris wardgena unda moxdes 14 dReSi (369-e muxli). igi
SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes saapelacio sasamarTloSi
saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi.
g) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari organuladaa da-
kavSirebuli ZiriTad saapelacio saCivarTan. es imas
niSnavs, rom Tu apelanti uars ityvis Tavis saapela-
650
cio saCivarze (378-e muxli) an saapelacio sasamarTlo

ganuxilvelad datovebs mas (374-e muxli), maSin Sege-
bebuli saapelacio saCivari kargavs Tavis daniSnule-
bas da isic uaryofil unda iqnes, e. i. am saCivris mi-
marTac unda Sewydes saapelacio warmoeba (378-e mux-
li) an, Tu ZiriTadi saapelacio saCivari ganuxilvelad
iqna datovebuli (374-e muxli), aseve ganuxilvelad un-
da darCes Segebebuli saapelacio saCivaric.
amdagvarad samarTlebrivi Sefaseba Camoayaliba sa-
qarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatam
Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi, romelic mTlianad vr-
celdeba agreTve saapelacio sasamarTloSi Setanil
Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze. am ganCinebaSi ker-
Zod aRniSnulia: `sakasacio saCivari dauSvebelia da
igi ganuxilveli unda darCes. aseve ganuxilveli unda
darCes mowinaaRmdege mxaris Segebebuli sakasacio sa-
Civari, radgan maT gaSvebuli aqvT sakasacio saCivris
Setanis erTTviani vada da maTi sakasacio saCivari, ro-
gorc Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari, dasaSvebad iqna
miCneuli mxolod imis gamo, rom arsebobda ZiriTadi
sakasacio saCivari. vinaidan sakasacio saCivari dauS-
veblad iqna miCneuli da ganuxilvelad darCa, mopasu-
xeTa Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric ganuxilvelad un-
da darCes, radgan ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivris gareSe
ar akmayofilebs kanoniT sakasacio saCivrisaTvis dad-
genil kriteriums, kerZod, gaSvebulia sakasacio sa-
Civris Setanis vada~.59
sakasacio sasamarTlos es pozicia amJamad asaxulia
am muxlis pirvel nawilSi.
d) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari gaiziarebs Zi-
riTadi saapelacio saCivris beds, Tu igi wardgeni-
lia saapelacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi (14 dRe) da am
Segebebuli saCivris Rirebuleba aRemateba 1000
lars. aseT SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli saCivris Semomta-
59
651
ni piri ganixileba rogorc damoukidebeli saapelacio

saCivris warmomdgeni piri. am SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli
saapelacio saCivari ganxilul unda iqnes rogorc da-
moukidebeli saapelacio saCivari, miuxedavad imisa,
uari Tqva apelantma Tavis ZiriTad saapelacio saCi-
varze Tu ara.
muxli 380. axali faqtebi da

mtkicebulebebi
1. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis gan-

xilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faq-
tebi da wardgenil iqnes axali mtkicebu-
lebebi.
2. axali faqtebi da axali mtkicebule-
bebi, romlebic mxares SeeZlo warmoedgina
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis gan-
xilvisas, saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia
ar miiRos, rogorc dagvianebiT warmodge-
nili, Tu maTi ganxilva xels SeuSlis saa-
pelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad gan-
xilvas da mxarem es masalebi pirveli ins-
tanciis sasamarTlos arasapatio mizeziT
ar warudgina.
am muxlis dedaazri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom faq-

tebi, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobilia mxareebisaTvis, unda
waredginos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovan debulebas,
kerZod, mxareebs, romlebmac mimarTes sasamarTlos
saapelacio saCivriT an am saCivarze SesagebliT, am mux-
lis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis ar-
sebobisas, SeuZliaT:
a) moiyvanon axali faqtebi. axali faqtebi es iseTi
faqtebia, romlebic adre ar iyo miTiTebuli mxaree-
bis mier imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili maT Sesaxeb da
652
warmoiSvnen pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvis Sem-

deg, an kidev, TiTon mxarem, an sasamarTlom ar CaTva-
la isini saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqoned.
faqtebi qmnian sarCelis (Sesageblis) safuZvels.
aqedan gamomdinare, mosarCeles saapelacio sasamar-
TloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeuZlia Secvalos sar-
Celis safuZveli, xolo mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZ-
lia daupirispiros mas axali faqtebi.
amasTan dakavSirebiT metad mniSvnelovania sakasa-
cio sasamarTlos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romlis Ta-
naxmad `ssk 380-e muxliT saapelacio sasamarTloSi saq-
mis ganxilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faqte-
bi da axali mtkicebulebebi. cxadia, rom axali mtki-
cebulebebis wardgena emsaxureba sarCelis safuZvel-
Si miTiTebuli garemoebebis dadasturebas. kanonmde-
beli uflebas aniWebs ra apelants waradginos axali
faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi saqmis saapelacio wesiT
ganxilvisas, uSvebs SesaZleblobas Secvalos sarCe-
lis safuZveli~.60
b) apelants da mis mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZliaT
warmoadginon saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxil-
visas axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli).
mxareTa es uflebebi warmoiSoba mxolod da mxolod
am muxlis meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebSi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiT uaRresad principul debulebas _ sa-
apelacio sasamarTlo ar miiRebs da ar gamoikvlevs
axal faqtebs da mtkicebulebebs, Tu:
a) es axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi mxares SeeZ-
lo moeyvana jer kidev saqmis pirveli instanciis sasa-
marTloSi ganxilvis dros;
b) am axali faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis miReba da
ganxilva xels SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saq-
mis droulad ganxilvas;
60
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, gv. 675.
653
g) mxarem arasapatio mizeziT ar warudgina es masa-

lebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos.
_ saapelacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis gansakuTre-
buli gulmodginebiT unda Seafasos axali faqtebisa
da axali mtkicebulebebis miRebisa da gamokvlevis da-
saSvebobis aq miTiTebuli pirobebi. araviTar SemTx-
vevaSi ar unda davuSvaT da ar unda ganvixiloT es axa-
li faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, Tu cxadia, rom raRac
taqtikuri Tu sxva mosazrebiT Semoinaxa isini mxa-
rem saapelacio sasamarTlosTvis da raRac moulod-
neli TavdasxmiT gamowveuli efeqtis miRebis survi-
li amoZravebda mas.
_ rac Seexeba faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, romle-
bic iyo mxareTa mier wamoyenebuli pirvel instancia-
Si, maT SeuZliaT kvlav wamoayenon apelaciaSi im SemT-
xvevaSi, Tu pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom Secdo-
miT ar CaTvala es faqtebi saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqoned da amitom ar daadgina, an marTalia daadgina,
magram saproceso normebis darRveviT.
_ Tu axali an xelmeored dasaxelebuli faqtebi da-
saSvebad cno apelaciam, man unda ganusazRvros mxa-
reebs dro Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis warmosadge-
nad, Tu isini ar iyo warmodgenili maT mier. Tu mxare-
ebi am vadaSi ar warmoadgenen aRniSnul mtkicebule-
bebs, apelaciam unda uaryos da ar ganixilos es faqte-
bi (206-e da 215-e muxlebi).
saapelacio sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda mi-
iRon, rom axali faqtebisa da axali mtkicebulebebis
wardgena saapelacio sasamarTloSi unda ganxor-
cieldes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ix. 373-e muxlis
komentari). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saapelacio sasa-
marTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos da ar ganixilos isini.
muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla da

gadideba
davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebebu-
654
li sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansazRvra

saapelacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia.
mosarCeles sruli ufleba aqvs Secvalos davis

(sarCelis) sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros es sagani (ix.
83-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari), aseve, mopasuxes
SeuZlia Tavi daicvas sarCelisagan Segebebuli sarCe-
lis aRZvriT (ix. 188-e muxlis komentari), magram am
saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaTvis samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsi gansazRvravs garkveul wess.
davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, agreTve Segebebu-
li sarCelis aRZvra, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia ax-
ali faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgenasTan da axali
mtkicebulebebis warmodgenasTan, ramac ar SeiZleba
ar gamoiwvios saqmis ganxilvis (saapelacio saCivris)
da gadawyvetis gaWianureba, maSin rodesac am sapro-
ceso moqmedebaTa realizacia SeiZleboda ganxor-
cielebuliyo jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi.
rogorc Cans, am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda
kanonmdebeli, rodesac akrZala saapelacio sasamarT-
loSi davis sagnis Secvla, gadadeba, an Segebebuli sar-
Celis aRZvra.

gamokvleva
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs axlad

warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs, Tu maT mniS-
vneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis, 380-e muxlis
moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gai-
ziaros pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
mier mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedege-
bi mTlianad an nawilobriv.
655
1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs mtki-

cebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principi, romelic ganm-
tkicebulia agreTve ssk 104-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis
komentari) da romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar unda
miiRos mtkicebulebebi, `romlebsac saqmisaTvis
mniSvneloba ar aqvT~.
saapelacio sasamarTlo araa SeboWili pirveli ins-
tanciis sasamarTlos mier saqmeSi arsebuli mtkice-
bulebebis Semowmebisa da Sefasebis SedegebiT. saape-
lacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia kvlav Seamowmos da Sea-
fasos es mtkicebulebebi. Tu es aucilebelia gasa-
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi dasabuTebu-
lobis SemowmebisaTvis, agreTve, Tu arsebobs 380-e
muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi (ix.
am muxlis komentari).
_ faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis Sefasebas da Se-
mowmebas saapelacio sasamarTlo axdens saapelacio sa-
CivriT wamoyenebul moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi, rom-
liTac SeboWilia saapelacio sasamarTlo.
2. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo ar iziarebs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos mier mtkicebulebaTa Semow-
mebisa da Sefasebis Sedegs, igi valdebulia Tavis ga-
dawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) miuTiTos, Tu ratom
ar CaTvala saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvne-
lobis mqone faqti dadasturebulad, romelic pirve-
li instanciis sasamarTlom dadasturebulad CaTvla,
ratom ar SeiZleba esa Tu is mtkicebuleba miviCnioT
utyuarad (sarwmunod), romelic pirvelma instanciam
sarwmunod CaTvala da a. S.
muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva

1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba saapela-
cio sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxse-
nebiT.
2. momxsenebeli warmoadgens saqmis gare-
moebebs, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
656
gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs, ris Semdegac

mxareebs eZleva sityva Suamdgomlobebis
dasayeneblad da dasasabuTeblad da iwye-
ba mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena.
3. saqmis ganxilvas uSualod unda mo-
hyves mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva.
saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis zepiri ganxilva

mimdinareobs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gaTvalis-
winebulia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis (210-
228-e muxlebi), im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,
romlebzec miTiTebulia am kodeqsis me-8 kariT.
1. ise, rogorc pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi,
saapelacio sasamarTloSic saqmis zepiri ganxilva iw-
yeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT.
_ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praq-
tikuli mniSvneloba: saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile ape-
lants da sxva pirebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT gaarkvi-
on, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo saapelacio sasamarT-
lom saapelacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantis
moTxovna da misi Sinaarsi, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesa-
gebeli da misi Sinaarsi. aseTi wesi saSualebas aZlevs
mxareebs daazuston da Sesworeba Seitanon momxsene-
beli mosamarTlis gamosvlaSi, Tu am gamosvlaSi raime
uzustoba, gaugebroba an Secdoma iyo daSvebuli.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im ZiriTadi
sakiTxebis wres, romlebsac unda Seexos saapelacio
mosamarTle Tavis moxsenebaSi.
es sakiTxebia:
a) saqmis garemoebebi, e. i. vin aRZra sarCeli, vis
winaaRmdeg, rogoria mosarCelis moTxovna da mopasu-
xis Sesagebeli, romel garemoebebs emyarebian mxaree-
bi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeb-
lad, ra da romeli mtkicebulebebi waradgines maT pir-
veli instanciis sasamarTloSi am garemoebebis dasa-
dastureblad.
b) pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyveti-
657
lebis safuZvlebi, e. i. faqtobrivi garemoebebi, rom-

lebic dadasturebulad da dadgenilad CaTvala da sa-
fuZvlad daudo Tavis gadawyvetilebas pirvelma ins-
tanciam (gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi), ka-
nonebi, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom am faq-
tobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebrivi Sefasebis miz-
niT (gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi).
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle Tavis mox-
senebaSi unda Seexos agreTve, Tu rogoria saapela-
cio saCivris moTxovna, anu ras moiTxovs apelanti _
gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebas,
Secvlas Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (saape-
lacio saCivris ganacxadi), ra faqtobriv Tu samarT-
lebriv safuZvlebs emyareba apelanti, romeli kano-
nia misi azriT darRveuli da raSi gamoixateba konkre-
tulad es darRveva (393-e da 394-e muxlebi). ra faqto-
briv garemoebebs emyareba saapelacio mopasuxis mier
warmodgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli da a.S.
momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva sakiTxeb-
sac Seexos, Tu mas es saWirod miaCnia.
_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis Semdeg sityva eZleva
mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs. maT ufleba aqvT da-
azuston da daakonkreton TavianTi moTxovnebisa da
Sesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem
raime Secdoma an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar un-
da gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva momxsenebeli mosa-
marTlis mier.
pirveli gamodis apelanti, xolo Semdeg mowinaaRm-
dege mxare. sasamarTlos nebarTviT mxareebma SeiZle-
ba SekiTxva miscen erTmaneTs.
3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva da mt-
kicebulebaTa gamokvleva (Semowmeba, Sefaseba) war-
moebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia pirveli in-
stanciis sasamarTlosTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa,
rac dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis am kod-
eqsis merve kariT.
658
T a v i XLVII
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis

farglebi
saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlo uf-

lebamosilia Secvalos pirveli instanciis
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba mxolod im
farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio sa-

Civris farglebiT (377-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom
saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyve-
tileba mxolod saapelacio saCivris farglebSi, e. i.
mxolod im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia. aseTi Se-
mowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom gasaCivre-
buli gadawyvetileba gasauqmebeli da Sesacvlelia ara
mxolod im nawilSi, romelsac moiTxovs apelanti, ara-
med mTlianad, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic apelantis
sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSi, romelic
mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, saa-
pelacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs gadawyvetilebas
mTlianad, an im nawilSi, romelic mis sasargeblodaa
gamotanili, radgan es iqneboda sauaresod Sebrune-
ba, rasac krZalavs es muxli, rodesac miuTiTebs, rom
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvla dasaSvebia
`mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven~.
_ ufro metic, apelanti kidec rom moiTxovdes ga-
dawyvetilebis im nawilis (an mTlianad) gauqmebas an
Secvlas, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, saa-
pelacio sasamarTlo mainc ver gaakeTebs amas: mxares
SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba mTlianad, Tu
igi mis winaaRmdegaa gamotanili, an im nawilSi, ro-
melic mis winaaRmdegaa miRebuli.
amasTan dakavSirebiT sagulisxmoa sakasacio sasa-
659
marTlos miTiTeba erT-erT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom

marTalia apelantma gaasaCivra gadawyvetileba mTli-
anad, e.i. im nawilSic, romelic mis sasargeblodaa ga-
motanili, magram sasamarTlos unda emsjela mxolod
gadawyvetilebis im nawilze, romelic apelantis wina-
aRmdegaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom
gaauqma gadawyvetileba mTlianad da amiT `moaxdina
apelantis mdgomareobis sauaresod Sebruneba, rac
dauSvebelia.~61
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sauaresod Seb-
runeba da Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofi-
leba (379-e muxli). Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dak-
mayofileba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis im nawilis gauqmeba,
romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, iqne-
ba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saape-
lacio saCivris dakmayofileba. damoukidebeli da Se-
gebebuli saapelacio saCivris erToblivad ganxilvis
pirobebSi sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalva aRar moq-
medebs.
muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba

da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxla
gansaxilvelad
1. saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadaw-
yvetilebas da saqmes ubrunebs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos xelaxla gansaxil-
velad, Tu:
a) adgili aqvs 394-e muxliT gaTvalis-
winebul SemTxvevebs;
b) gasaCivrebuli sasamarTlo gadawyve-
tilebiT arasworad eTqva uari dauswre-
beli gadawyvetilebis Taobaze Setanili
saCivris daSvebaze;
61
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #10, gv.1976,
660
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba Seexeba

mxolod sarCelis dasaSvebobas;
d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba aras-
worad gamotanili ganmeorebiTi dauswre-
beli gadawyvetilebaa.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar
gadaagzavnos saqme ukan da TviTon gadaw-
vitos igi.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia farTo ufleba-

mosilebani . erT-erTi aseTi uflebamosilebaa gadaw-
yvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelax-
la gansaxilvelad.
am muxlSi CamoTvlilia gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
mxolod udavo safuZvlebi, kerZod:
a) 394-e muxli, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgens
393-e muxlis dakonkretebas, Seicavs samoqalaqo sap-
roceso samarTlis normebis darRvevis ara amomwurav,
aramed iseT CamonaTvals, romlis dros saapelacio sa-
samarTlo valdebulia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba (ix.
b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs `ganCineba saCiv-
ris daukmayofileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyve-
tilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb~ (240-e muxlis me-2
naw.), romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT
(240-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
rac Seexeba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-
bis Taobaze Setanili saCivris daSvebaze uaris Tq-
mas, amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara gadawyve-
tileba, aramed ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba ara saa-
pelacio, aramed kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e muxlis
me-3 nawili).
g) Tu sarCeli dasaSvebi ar aris imis gamo, rom ar
arsebobs sarCelis uflebis winapirobebi (186-e mux-
li), sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba sarCelis miRe-
baze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo
saCivris Setana (187-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
661
amrigad, am punqts sinamdvileSi mxedvelobaSi aqvs

ara gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba.
d) saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod
erTi da igive mxaris mimarT meored an ganmeorebiT ga-
motanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseTi ganmeo-
rebiT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gamotanis piro-
bebs iTvaliswinebs ssk 242-e da 366-e muxlebi (ix. am
muxlebis komentari). Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCn-
deba, rom ar arsebobda aseTi dauswrebeli gadawyve-
tilebis gamotanis pirobebi da safuZvlebi, igi unda
gauqmdes.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlom TviTon unda gansazRv-
ros, ra SemTxvevaSi ar gadaagzavnos saqme ukan xelax-
la gansaxilvelad da ra SemTxvevaSi TviTon ganixilos
da gadawyvitos saqme.
vinaidan am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~ da `d~
qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saCivris
obieqts warmoadgens ganCinebebi da ganmeorebiT aras-
worad gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi _
SeiZleba marTlac mizanSewonili iyos saqmis gansaxil-
velad ukan dabruneba maTi gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi.
xolo rac Seexeba am muxlis à~ qvepunqtSi miTiTe-
bul SemTxvevas, roca saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs
gadawyvetilebas 393-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli erT-
erTi formiT materialur-samarTlebrivi normis dar-
Rvevis gamo, aseT da yvela sxva SemTxvevebSi ufro mi-
zanSewonili iqneba saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daab-
runos saqme ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da TviTon
ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi (386-e muxli).
muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetileba
Tu saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia da

saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ar
ubrundeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo Tvi-
Ton iRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmeze. igi
662
Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ambobs saapelacio

saCivris dakmayofilebaze an gasaCivrebu-
li gadawyvetilebis SecvliT iRebs axal
gadawyvetilebas saqmeze.
_ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia saapelacio sasamarT-

los Semdegi uflebamosilebani:
a) uari uTxras apelants saCivris dakmayofilebaze
da datovos gadawyvetileba ucvlelad, Tu saapela-
cio saCivarSi miTiTebul darRvevebs ar aqvs adgili
da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba faqtobrivad da iu-
ridiulad dasabuTebulia.
saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmi-
sa da gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis
Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba,
romelzec SeiZleba sakasacio saCivris Setana.
b) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon iRebs axal
gadawyvetilebas, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saka-
sacio wesiT.
g) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gan-
saxilvelad abrunebs ukan, Tu arsebobs 385-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi da saapelacio sasamar-
Tlom mizanSewonilad CaTvala misi ukan dabruneba (ix.
_ rogorc praqtikis analizi gviCvenebs, saapelacio
sasamarTloebi umetes SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis
gauqmebis Semdeg saqmes abruneben ukan xelaxla gan-
saxilvelad.
aseTi praqtika, marTalia, ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanons,
magram araa sasurveli. saqme isaa, rom jer erTi _ ape-
lacia saapelacio saCivris farglebSi gadawyvetile-
bis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis Semow-
mebaa, risTvisac saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia yve-
la is saproceso meqanizmebi, rac aucilebelia aseTi
SemowmebisaTvis, meore _ gadawyvetilebis Semowmebas
axdenen ufro kvalificiuri mosamarTleebi kolegiu-
rad.
663
amitom, yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sa-

samarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas misi faqtobrivi
Tu iuridiuli dausabuTeblobis gamo, dauSva da gani-
xila mxareTa mier warmodgenili faqtebi (380-e mux-
li), daiwyo mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba,
man aRar unda daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad
da TiTon unda miiRos axali gadawyvetileba.
muxli 387. mxareTa

gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi
1. Tu saapelacio saCivris aRmZvreli pi-

ri ar gamocxaddeba saqmis zepir ganxilva-
ze, mowinaaRmdege mxaris TxovniT saapela-
cio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel ga-
dawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakma-
yofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu saqmis ganxilvaze mowinaaRmdege
mxare ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio saCiv-
ris Semtani piris TxovniT saapelacio sa-
samarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawy-
vetilebas, romelic SeiZleba daemyaros
momCivnis axsna-ganmartebas.
3. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba am
kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli normebi pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloSi dauswrebeli ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb.
am muxlis gamoyenebisas mxedvelobaSi unda iyos mi-

Rebuli is garemoeba, rom apelantis an misi mowinaaRm-
degis gamoucxadebloba, an kidev, orive mxaris gamo-
ucxadebloba, erTdroulad iwvevs pirveli instanci-
is sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis analogi-
ur, anu erTgvarovan Sedegebs, kerZod:
1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda apelan-
ti (saapelacio mosarCele), romelsac uwyeba Cabarda
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Txov-
664
niT sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetile-

bas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb.
_ Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare moiTxovs saqmis ganxil-
vis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebs
saqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis, ris Sesaxebac acno-
bebs gamoucxadebel mxares (apelants), xolo gamocxa-
debul mowinaaRmdege mxares, agreTve saqmeSi monawi-
le sxva pirebs afrTxilebs gadadebuli sxdomis dRis
Sesaxeb da maTi gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb,
rac Seitaneba oqmSi da razec xels aweren es pirebi.
Tu apelanti kvlav ar gamocxaddeba, maSin saapela-
cio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetile-
bas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba mowinaaRmdege mxa-
re (saapelacio mopasuxe), maSin sasamarTlo, apelan-
tis TxovniT, gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas,
an Tu aseTi Txovna ar aris da igi moiTxovs saqmis gan-
xilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gada-
debs saqmis ganxilvas, ris Sesaxebac afrTxilebs ga-
mocxadebul mxares da dadgenili wesiT acnobebs ga-
moucxadebel pirebs. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare kvlav
ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dak-
mayofilebis Sesaxeb, oRond erTi pirobiT _ Tu saape-
lacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi
iuridiulad amarTlebs saapelacio saCivarSi Camoya-
libebul apelantis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 naw.).
3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi erT-erTi an orive mxa-
ris gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba igive Sedegebi,
rogoric maT gamoucxadeblobas pirveli instanciis
sasamarTloSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, mowinaaRmdege mxaris (saapela-
cio mopasuxis) gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi apelan-
tis (saapelacio mosarCelis) mier miTiTebuli faqte-
bi iTvleba dadasturebulad, magram dauswrebel ga-
dawyvetilebas apelantis sasargeblod mxolod im Sem-
665
TxvevaSi gamoitans saapelacio sasamarTlo, Tu es da-

dasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaTvlili garemoe-
bebi iuridiulad amarTlebs apelantis moTxovnas (ix.
230-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). Tu ar amarTlebs,
maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetile-
bas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, magram
es iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadaw-
yvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio
wesiT.
_ apelantis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi saape-
lacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 229-e muxlis pirobe-
bis dacviT gamoitanos ara marto dauswrebeli gadaw-
yvetileba, aramed datovos saapelacio saCivari ganu-
xilvelad (229-e muxlis me-2 nawili). saapelacio sasa-
marTlo saCivars ganuxilvelad datovebs, roca sxdo-
maze ar cxaddeba arcerTi mxare (231-e muxli).
muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna

saapelacio sasamarTloSi gadawyvetile-
bis (ganCinebis) ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg saq-
me axlad Semosul masalasa da saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCine-
basTan) gadaegzavneba pirveli instanciis
sasamarTlos.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod im etaps, rodesac

saapelacio sasamarTlom ukan unda gadaugzavnos saq-
me Tavis gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCinebasTan) erTad
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. es etapia saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) kanonier Za-
laSi Sesvla.
Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (gan-
Cineba) gasaCivrda kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi sakasacio
sasamarTloSi, maSin saqme sakasacio saCivarTan erTad
unda gadaigzavnos sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
666

gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis

Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos:
a) gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dro da
adgili;
b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgen-
loba;
g) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris
dasaxeleba;
d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis
nacvlad unda Seicavdes:
a) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris
moTxovnas;
b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasa-
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze mi-
TiTebas, SesaZlo cvlilebebis an damate-
bebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secv-
lis dasabuTebas. Tu saapelacio sasamarT-
lo eTanxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarT-
los calkeul Sefasebas saqmis faqtobriv
an/da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSire-
biT, maSin dasabuTeba icvleba masze mi-
TiTebiT.
3. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili
unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saa-
pelacio saCivris mTlianad an nawilobriv
dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, miTiTebas sasamarT-
lo xarjebis ganawilebis, agreTve gadaw-
yvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da wesis
Taobaze.
667
1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, mis savaldebulo rekviz-
itebs. gadawyvetileba saapelacio sasamarTlos gamo-
aqvs, rodesac igi saqmes ar abrunebs ukan xelaxla gan-
saxilvelad da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secv-
liT TviTon iRebs misgan gansxvavebul axal gadaw-
yvetilebas.
am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saapelacio
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda
mieTiTos iseT garemoebebze, romlebic saerToa sasa-
marTloebis mier gamotanili yvela ganCinebisa Tu gada-
wyvetilebisaTvis.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aTavisuflebs saapelacio
sasamarTlos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi aRwerilobiTi da
samotivacio nawilebis Camoyalibebisagan, magram gan-
sazRvravs, Tu ra monacemebs unda Seicavdes es gadaw-
yvetileba maT nacvlad.
a) am muxlis me-2 nawilis „a“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad
saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi unda mie-
TiTos apelantis moTxovnaze, anu imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras
moiTxovs apelanti. es moTxovna gadawyvetilebaSi
unda Camoyalibdes saapelacio saCivris mixedviT (368-
e muxli). am moTxovnis zustad, naTlad da amomwura-
vad miTiTebas aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba: saa-
pelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Secvalos pirveli in-
stanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba „im farglebSi,
rasac mxareebi moiTxoven“ (384-e muxli).
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi mi-
TiTebuli unda iyos agreTve gasaCivrebul gadaw-
yvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli daskvnebi „saqmis gare-
moebebTan dakavSirebiT“, e.i. daskvnebze imis Sesaxeb,
Tu romeli faqtobrivi garemoebebi cno gasaCivrebu-
li gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom dadge-
nilad da romeli ara. kanoniT zustad gansazRvruli
pirobebis arsebobisas (380-e da 382-e muxlebi) mxares
SeuZlia warudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos axali
faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi. Tu amas hqonda adgili da
668
saapelacio sasamarTlom dadgenilad cno es axali

faqtebi, amis Sesaxeb unda mieTiTos saapelacio sasa-
marTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, rogorc amas gvTavazobs
„b“ qvepunqti.
g) 389-e muxlis „g“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad saapelacio
sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, Tu ra faqtobriv da
samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareboda saapelacio
sasamarTlo, rodesac Secvala gasaCivrebuli gadaw-
yvetileba da gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba. am Tval-
sazrisiT aq raime siaxle araa. siaxle mdgomareobs mx-
olod imaSi, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia
Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTos gasaCivrebul gada-
wyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul davaze faqtebis arsebo-
ba - ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebsac iziarebs saapela-
cio sasamarTlo, agreTve, am gadawyvetilebaSi Camoy-
alibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebebze. gasaCivrebul
gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul aseT daskvnebze
da Sefasebebze miTiTebiT SeiZleba Seicvalos saa-
pelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis dasabuTe-
ba.
amrigad, 389-e muxlSi Setanili cvlilebebis miza-
nia saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gadawyvetilebis
Camoyalibebis gamartiveba da Semsubuqeba, magram ase-
Ti cvlileba kide ufro aZlierebs kanonis moTxovnas
imis Sesaxeb, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gada-
wyvetileba kargad iyos motivirebuli faqtobrivad
da iuridiulad, xolo saapelacio sasamarTlom zus-
tad da Seucdomlad miuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetileba-
Si daskvnebze da Sefasebebze, romlebic Camoyali-
bebulia gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi da romleb-
sac igi eTanxmeba da iziarebs. aseT miTiTebebs aqvs gad-
amwyveti mniSvneloba sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis,
romlisTvisac savaldebuloa saapelacio sasamarTlos
mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebe-
bi (407-e muxli). amieridan, sapelacio sasamarTlos
mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebe-
bis Sesaxeb informacia sakasacio sasamarTlos
669
miewodeba ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos gada-

wyvetilebiT, aramed saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebiTac.
3. sarezolucio nawili - esaa sakuTriv gadaw-
yvetileba, romelic gadadis saaRsrulebo furcel-
Si, Tu gadawyvetileba aRsrulebadia. amitom, misi rac
SeiZleba naTlad da amomwuravad Camoyalibebaze
mTlianadaa damokidebuli ara marto gadawyvetileb-
is aRsruleba, aramed im uflebebis realurad dacva,
romlebic am gadawyvetilebiTaa aRiarebuli. saapela-
cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio naw-
ilSi savaldebuloa sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileb-
is Sesaxeb, agreTve, gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
vadisa da wesis Sesaxeb miTiTeba (ix. 249-e muxlis me-5
nawilis komentari).

ganCinebis Sinaarsi
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba,
romliTac saqme xelmeored ar wydeba ar-
sebiTad, miiReba ganCinebis formiT.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis
Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos:
a) ganCinebis gamotanis dro da adgili;
b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba;
g) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris
(saCivris) Semomtani piris dasaxeleba;
d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (gan-
Cineba)
3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba aR-
werilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacv-
lad unda Seicavdes:
a) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris
(saCivris) Semomtani piris moTxovnas;
b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasa-
670
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze mi-

TiTebas;
g) mokle dasabuTebas gasaCivrebuli gada-
wyvetilebis gauqmebis an ucvlelad datove-
bis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo eT-
anxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos Se-
fasebebs da daskvnebs saqmis faqtobriv an/
da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT,
maSin dasabuTeba icvleba maTze miTiTebiT.
4. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda
Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saapela-
cio saCivris an kerZo saCivris (saCivris)
mTlianad an nawilobriv dakmayofilebis
an dakmayofilebaze uaris Sesaxeb, miTiTe-
bas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis,
agreTve ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da
wesis Taobaze.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili 284-e muxlis pirveli

nawilis danawesis Sesabamisad amkvidrebs wess, romlis
Tanaxmad sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme
xelmeored ar wydeba arsebiTad, miiReba ganCinebis
formiT. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio sasamarT-
lo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas da saqmes
abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad an wyvets saqmis war-
moebas (272-e muxli) an, kidev sarCels ganuxilvelad
tovebs (275-e muxli), mas gamoaqvs ganCineba. saapela-
cio sasamarTlos ganCineba gamoaqvs maSinac, roca Zala-
Si (ucvlelad) tovebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas.
es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. saapelacio, kerZo sa-
Civris Tu saCivris ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril
nebismier sakiTxze saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gam-
oitanos ganCineba, magram zemoT CamoTvlili ganCinebe-
bi, romlebic gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdgom
beds gansazRvravs, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasa-
671
marTlos ganCinebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnos

iseTi monacemebi, romlebic saerToa sasamarTlos mier
miRebul yvela gadawyvetilebis Tu ganCinebisaTvis.
3. ise, rogorc saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetileba, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebac aRwer-
ilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacvlad unda Sei-
cavdes saCivris Semomtani piris moTxovnas, gasaCivre-
buli gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) daskvnebze miTiTe-
bas, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Tu ucv-
lelad datovebis mokle dasabuTebas. aseTi dasabuTe-
ba SeiZleba Seicvalos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis
(ganCinebis) im daskvnebze da Sefasebebze miTiTebiT,
romlebic Camoyalibebulia gasaCivrebul gadaw-
yvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) da romlebsac iziarebs saa-
pelacio sasamarTlo.
sxva mxriv, yvelaferi rac iTqva sasamarTlo gadaw-
yvetilebis Sinaarsisa da dasabuTebulobis, agreTve
sarezolucio nawilis Sesaxeb mTlianad exeba sasa-
marTlos ganCinebasac (ix. 389-e muxlis komentari).
672
kari mecxre
kasacia
T a v i XLVIII
kasaciis dasaSveboba
muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana

da saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-

bebi mxareebma da mesame pirebma damoukide-
beli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kano-
niT dadgenil vadaSi gaasaCivron sakasa-
cio sasamarTloSi.
2. sakasacio saCivari qonebriv-samarT-
lebriv davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
50000 lars aRemateba.
3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivre-
buli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze
Seaqvs saCivari mxares. Tu am Rirebulebis
odenoba eWvs iwvevs, sakasacio saCivris
Semtanma pirma es Rirebuleba sarwmunod
unda daadasturos.
4. araqonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi sakasa-
cio saCivari dasaSvebia sityvisa da gamoxatvis
TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebze.
5. sakasacio saCivari sxva qonebriv da
araqonebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu:
a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis gan-
viTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo
praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
673
gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manam-
de arsebuli praqtikisagan;
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme
ganxilulia mniSvnelovani saproceso dar-
RveviT, romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emo-
qmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze;
d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarT-
los meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
an ganCineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis
ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze.
6. samoqalaqo saqmeebze sakasacio sa-
Civris warmoebaSi miRebis da ganxilvis vadaa
6 Tve.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili or sakiTxs awesrigebs:

pirveli _ romeli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi
(ganCinebebi) SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT
(sakasacio gasaCivrebis obieqti) da meore _ vis Seu-
Zlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetilebebi (sakasacio
gasaCivrebis subieqtebi).
sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, anu sakasa-
cio gasaCivrebis obieqti SeiZleba iyos:
a) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, romlebic
gamotanilia saapelacio saCivrebis ganxilvis Sedegad,
kerZod, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba gadaw-
yvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb,
agreTve, ganCineba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saq-
mis xelaxla ganxilvisaTvis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb;
g) saapelacio sasamarTloebis meore dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebebi, gamotanili ganmeorebiT dauswre-
blobis gamo (ix.392-e muxlis komentari).
praqtikaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac mxares
Semoaqvs sakasacio saCivari raionuli sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebaze. Cveni saproceso kanonmdebloba ar
iTvaliswinebs e.w. „naxtomisebur kasaciis“ dasaSve-
674
bobas, amitom sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis ganux-

ilvelad tovebs aseT saCivars.62
- sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pirebi
arian:
a) mxareebi (mosarCele, mopasuxe);
b) mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTx-
ovniT;
g) uflebamonacvleebi;
d) Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopa-
suxeebi maTi Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebiT gan-
sazRvrul farglebSi;
e) pirebi, romlebic ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc
mxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gan-
isazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mx-
aris mimarT.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili exeba mxolod qonebriv dav-
ebs. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sakasacio saCivris sagn-
is Rirebuleba aRemateba 50000 lars - es aris sakasa-
cio saCivris dasaSvebobis savsebiT sakmarisi piroba,
anu sakasacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos saCivari gan-
saxilvelad (403-e muxli).
3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis gan-
sazRvris kriteriumia ara sarCelis sagnis (sasarCelo
moTxovnis) Rirebuleba, aramed saapelacio sasamarT-
los gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (ganCineba). magal-
iTad, Tu saapelacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ar
aRemateboda 50000 lars da saapelacio sasamarTlom
daakmayofila an uari uTxra apelants am saCivris dak-
mayofilebaze, maSin cxadia, rom sakasacio saCivari am
gadawyvetilebaze(ganCinebaze) ar SeiZleba aRemate-
bodes 50000 lars da mxolod am niSniT igi dauSvebe-
lia (ix. am muxlis me-5 nawilis komentari).
Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT na-
wilobriv dakmayofilda saapelacio saCivari, xolo na-
wilobriv uari iTqva mis dakmayofilebaze, maSin saka-
62
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #6, 2003, gv. 1976-1384.
675
sacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis

mixedviT, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCiv-
rebuli. magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavi-
si gadawyvetilebiT daakmayofila saapelacio saCiv-
ris moTxovna mxolod nawilobriv, kerZod, 40 000
laris farglebSi, magram uari uTxra apelants 30 000
laris dakmayofilebaze da gadawyvetileba gasaCivr-
da sakasacio wesiT am nawilSi, e.i. 30000 laris dakmay-
ofilebaze uarisTqmis nawilSi, sakasacio saCivris sa-
gnis Rirebuleba iqneba 30000 lari. es imas niSnavs, rom
sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis kriteriumiT
(50000 lari) es saCivari dauSvebelia.
sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis damtkice-
bis tvirTi, rodesac es Rirebuleba eWvs iwvevs, kasa-
tors ekisreba, risTvisac mas SeuZlia warmoadginos
amis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, kerZod, presis
furclebidan amonabeWdi, romelic Seicavs cnobebs
sadavo nivTebis Rirebulebis Sesaxeb, oficialuri
preiskurantebi, specialistis daskvnebi da a.S.
dauSvebelia kasatoris mier saCivris sagnis Rire-
bulebis TviTneburad gazrda, mxolod im mizniT, rom
saCivari kasaciuri gaxdes.
4. am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari
araqonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu igi
exeba sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakav-
Sirebul nebismier davas. aseTi sakasacio saCivris daS-
vebisaTvis raime damatebiT kriteriumi saWiro araa.
sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakav-
SirebiT SeiZleba mravali sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Si-
naarsis dava wamoiWras. magaliTad, sakuTar sityvaze
uflebis mixedviT dauSvebelia piris unebarTvod an
misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod mis mier arasajarod
warmoTqmuli sityvis firze Cawera. cxadia, rom am pirs
SeuZlia moiTxovos aseTi Canaweris nebismieri mizneb-
isaTvis (magaliTad, mtkicebulebad) gamoyeneba.
dava SeiZleba warmoiSvas sakuTar suraTze da sak-
uTari pirovnebis warmosaxvaze uflebis darRvevas-
676
Tan dakavSirebiT, saqme isaa, rom adamianis ufleba sak-

uTar suraTze, anu ufleba TviTon gansazRvros ram-
denad SeiZleba misawvdomi iyos sxvebisaTvis foto-
suraTebi an videoCanawerebi misi gamosaxulebiT _ da-
culia kanoniT.63
aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 mux-
lis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad pirs, romlis gamosaxuleba
(fotosuraTi, kinofilmi, videofilmi da a.S.) gamo-
qveyndeba misi Tanxmobis gareSe, SeuZlia sasamarT-
los meSveobiT moiTxovos uflebis dacva, garda ise-
Ti SemTxvevebisa, roca aseT gamosaxulebaze misi Tanx-
moba araa saWiro. Tu rodis araa saWiro misi Tanxmoba -
gansazRvravs kanoni (sk me-18 muxlis me-5 nawili).
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos
zianis (zaralis) anazRaurebac, Tu sakuTar gamosax-
ulebaze misi uflebis darRveva moxda xelmyofis
braliT.64
5. am muxlis me-5 nawili awesrigebs sakasacio sa-
Civris dasaSvebobas iseT qonebriv davebSi, romelTa
Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 50000 lars da iseT araqone-
briv davebSi, romlebic ar ganekuTvneba sityvisa da
gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebs.
sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis winapirobebi (wan-
amZRvrebi), romlebic Camoyalibebulia me-5 nawilis
„a“, „b“ da „g“ qvepunqtebSi erTnairad exeba, rogorc
qonebriv, ise araqonebriv davebs.
ganvixiloT sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es wina-
pirobebi.
a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebi-
sa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis Camoy-
alibebisaTvis.
am punqtis azri da Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise,
TiTqos sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis aucilebeli
63
dawvrilebiT sityvisa da gamoxatvis (TviTgamosaxvis) uflebis
Sinaarsis Sesaxeb ix. k.kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi, g-ba jisiai, Tb.
2003, gv. 116 da 206.
64
ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni pirveli.
Tb. 2002. gv.65.
677
iyos, rom saqmes erTdroulad hqondes mniSvneloba

rogorc samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, ise erTgvaro-
vani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis (Tum-
ca am punqtis aseTnairad gagebisaTvis safuZveli nam-
dvilad arsebobs).
saqarTveloSi sakasacio sasamarTlo Seiqmna ara
mxolod individualuri interesebis dacvis, aramed
sajaro interesebis dacvis mizniT. me-5 nawilis „a“ qve-
punqtSi gamokveTilia sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro
interesebis dacvis mizani, es mizani ki gulisxmobs
rogorc samarTlis ganviTarebas, ise erTgvarovani
sasamarTlo praqtikis (erTiani marTlmsajulebis)
uzrunvelyofas. aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio saCi-
vari daSvebuli unda iqnes yovelTvis Tu saqmes aqvs
mniSvneloba an samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, an
erTgvarovani praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
rogor SeiZleba gavigoT dasaSvebobis TiToeuli am
winapirobis azri da Sinaarsi?
1. saqmis mniSvneloba samarTlis ganviTarebi-
saTvis.
saqarTvelos sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis an-
alizi srul safuZvels gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna,
rom yvelaze ufro xSirad saqmis mniSvneloba samarT-
lis ganviTarebisaTvis ganpirobebulia xarveziT
kanonmdeblobaSi. swored aseTi xarvezis gamo sakasa-
cio sasamarTlos mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetilebe-
bi (ganCinebebi) sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis)
Sesaxeb, Segebebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivris
aRZvrisa da ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivrisagan misi
damoukideblad ganxilvis pirobebis Sesaxeb, sasa-
marTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis
Sesaxeb, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil
ganCinebaTa gasaCivrebis Sesaxeb da a.S.
kanonmdeblobaSi xarvezis Sevsebis mizniT sakasa-
cio sasamarTlos mier miRebulma mTelma rigma gadaw-
yvetilebebma da ganCinebebma Tavisi asaxva hpoves
kanonmdeblobaSi.
678
xarvezis Sevseba araa erTaderTi gza, romlis saSu-

alebiTac xdeba samarTlis ganviTareba. samarTlis gan-
viTareba SeiZleba moxdes sakasacio sasamarTlos mier
samarTlis normis iseTi interpretaciiT, romliTac
yalibdeba zogadi principi.
amis TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens gadaw-
yvetilebis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebuli erTi prin-
cipuli sakiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac sakasacio sasamarT-
lom gamoTqva Tavisi mosazreba. esaa sakiTxi imis Sesax-
eb, SeiZleba Tu ara saapelacio Tu sakasacio saCivris
damoukidebeli obieqti iyos gadawyvetilebis mxolod
samotivacio nawili, e.i. SeiZleba Tu ara, rom mxarem
gaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili ise
rom ar gaasaCivros am gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio
nawili. miuxedvad imisa, rom ssk 266-e muxlis Tanaxmad
gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili Sedis kanonier
ZalaSi, sakasacio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom „samoti-
vacio nawilis gasaCivreba gadawyvetilebis sarezolu-
cio nawilis Secvlis moTxovnis gareSe dauSvebelia.“65
2. saqmis mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo
praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
es kriteriumic, ise rogorc samarTlis ganviTareba,
sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro miznis realizacias em-
saxureba. am kriteriumis Sinaarsis mixedviT sakasacio
saCivris daSvebisaTvis mTavari da gadamwyvetia ara is,
rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba emyareba mcdarad
gagebul samarTlebriv safuZvels (kanonis arasworad
gagebas), aramed is, aqvs Tu ara saqmes mniSvneloba erTg-
varovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.66
rodis ara gvaqvs erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika?
erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika ara gvaqvs maSin,
65
66
rogorc sworad miuTiTeben ceno raihenbeheri da Salva papuaSvili
„aRniSnul kriteriumTan dakavSirebiT principulia is garemoeba, rom aq
gadamwyvetia ara mxolod calkeuli samarTlebrivi davis bedi, aramed
misi mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis,
rac Tavis mxriv uSualo kavSirSia sazogado interesebTan“.
ix. „samarTlis ganviTareba samoqalaqo procesSi. kasaciis daSvebis
axali safuZvlebis ganmartebisaTvis“.
679
rodesac erTi da igive samarTlebrivi sakiTxi an erTi

da igive samarTlebrivi norma sxvadasxvanairad aris
gagebuli sxvadasxva sasamarTlo instanciebis mier. gan-
sxvavebuloba (araerTgvarovneba) sasamarTlo instan-
ciebTan mimarTebaSi aq ufro farTo masStabebs gulisx-
mobs, vidre am muxlis me-5 nawilis „b“ qvepunqti da
moicavs samarTlebrivi sakiTxis sxvadasxvanair gage-
bas ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTloebisa da sakasa-
cio sasamarTlos mier, aramed am samarTlebrivi sakiTx-
ebis gansxvavebulad gagebas raionuli sasamarTloebis
mier, raionuli da saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier da
TviT saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier. rac Seexeba gan-
sxvavebul samarTlebriv Sexedulebebs saapelacio da
sakasacio sasamarTloebis mxriv, igi Camoyalibebulia
calke punqtad amave muxlis „b“ qvepunqtSi.
yovelTvis, rodesac arsebobs gansxvaveba erTi da
igive samarTlebrivi sakiTxis gagebaSi sxvadasxva sasa-
marTlo instanciebis mier, saqme gvaqvs araerTgvarovan
sasamarTlo praqtikasTan da am gansxvavebulobiT das-
abuTebuli sakasacio saCivari daSvebul unda iqnes.67
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gan-
sxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uze-
naesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan
gansxvavebiT „a“ qvepunqtisagan, „b“ qvepunqtSi
nagulisxmevia Seusabamoba (gansxvaveba) saapelacio da
sakasacio sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs Soris:
arsebobs sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic
gamoxatulia am sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi da am
67
ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mosazreba arsebobs germanul
iuridiul literaturaSi. am mosazrebis Tanaxmad erTgvarovani
sasamarTlo praqtikis kriteriumis dasakmayofileblad sakmarisi
araa, rom sasamarTlom erT konkretul saqmeze mcdari
gadawyvetileba miiRos. kanonis normaTa ganmartebisas an
gamoyenebisas daSvebuli Sinaarsobrivi an formaluri Secdoma
maSin scildeba calkeuli SemTxvevis farglebs da seriozulad
avnebs sazogadoebriv interesebs, rodesac es Secdoma masStaburia
da arsebobs imis SesaZlebloba, rom mis safuZvelze Seiryes ndoba
marTlmsajulebis winaaRmdeg.
ceno raihenbeheri, Salva papuaSvili, dasax. naSromi gv.15
680
praqtikas ar Seesabameba da misgan gansxvavdeba gasa-

Civrebuli saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba.
sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es kriteriumi iy-
enebs iseT cnebas, rogoricaa „saqmeTa kategoria“. am
cnebis Sinaarsis gagebas aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvnelo-
ba, radgan Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-
ba Tumca gansxvavdeba sakasacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebisagan, magram isini „sxvadasxva kategoriis“
saqmeebzea gamotanili, maSin am gansxvavebas ar aqvs
mniSvneloba da kasacia dauSvebelia. magram „b“ qvepun-
qtis Sinaarsis aseTnairi gageba ar unda iyos swori.
saqme isaa, rom sakasacio sasamarTlo ar qmnis praqti-
kas saqmeTa kategoriebis mixedviT. mTavari da gadamw-
yvetia ara „saqmeTa kategoria“ (samoqalaqo, Sromis,
samewarmeo da a.S.), aramed samarTlebrivi sakiTxi: Tu
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba identur sa-
marTlebriv sakiTxebs emyareba, magram gansxvavebulad
esmiT es sakiTxebi, maSin saqme gvaqvs gansxvavebasTan
da kasacia dasaSvebia, damoukideblad imisa, Tu romel
kategorias ganekuTvneba an romeli samarTlebrivi
urTierTobidan gamomdinareobs dava.
am muxlis „b“ qvepunqtis mixedviT Sesadarebeli
obieqtebia erTi mxriv saapelacio sasamarTlos gada-
wyvetileba da meore mxriv - saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos praqtika. magram, praqtika aisaxeba sasa-
marTlo gadawyvetilebebSi. es imas niSnavs, rom Sesa-
darebeli obieqtebia saapelacio sasamarTlo s gadaw-
yvetileba, romelic emyareba identur samarTlebriv
normas (identur samarTlebriv sakiTxs) da am normis
azri da Sinaarsi gagebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos
mier sxvanairad, vidre sakasacio sasamarTlos mier.
pasuxebi romlebic gacemulia am sasamarTloTa gadaw-
yvetilebebiT identur samarTlebriv sakiTxebze erT-
maneTs ar Seesabameba da am Seusabamobas efuZneba saa-
pelacio sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba.
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme ganxi-
lulia mniSvnelovani saproceso darRveviT,
681
romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emoqmeda saqmis ganx-

ilvis Sedegze
sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis am saproceso kri-
teriumis Camoyalibebisas, rogorc Cans, ar iqna miRe-
buli mxedvelobaSi 393-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 394-e
muxli (ix. am muxlebis komentari). am muxlebis Tanax-
mad saproceso samarTlis norma darRveulad iTvle-
ba, Tu aseT darRvevas arsebiTad araswori gadaw-
yvetilebis gamotana moyva, amrigad, aseT saproceso
darRvevebs ukavSirdeba ara sakasacio saCivris dasaS-
veboba, aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis
gauqmeba. gansxvaveba zemod dasaxelebul muxlebs
Soris mxolod erTia: 394-e muxlSi CamoTvlil sapro-
ceso darRvevebis Sefasebas im TvalsazrisiT, SeeZlo
Tu ara maT gamoewviaT araswori gadawyvetilebis gamo-
tana, axdens TviTon kanonmdebeli. amitom, mosamar-
Tle (sasamarTlo) am darRvevebs am TvalsazrisiT ar
afasebs. is mxolod adgens hqonda Tu ara 394-e muxlSi
CamoTvlili erT-erT saproceso darRvevas adgili da
Tu hqonda, gamoitans ganCinebas gasaCivrebuli gadaw-
yvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. sxva SemTxvevaSi, e.i.
394-e muxlSi miTiTebuli darRvevebis farglebs iqeT,
saproceso darRvevebs, romlebsac emyareba sakasacio
saCivari. (ix.396-e muxlis „v“ qvepunqtis komentari),
afasebs TviTon sasamarTlo im TvalsazrisiT, gamoi-
wvia Tu ara am darRvevebma araswori gadawyvetilebis
gamotana.
391-e muxlis me-5 nawilis „g“ qvepunqti gansxvavde-
ba zemod dasaxelebuli muxlebisagan imiT, rom aq
saproceso darRvevas ukavSirdeba ara gadaw-
yvetilebis gauqmeba, aramed sakasacio saCivris mx-
olod dasaSveboba. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, aq Sei-
Zleba erT garemoebas mieqces yuradReba: gansxvave-
biT 393-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 394-e
muxlisagan,sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobisaTvis sak-
marisia, rom am saCivarSi miTiTebuli saproceso dar-
Rveva iZleodes safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom aseT
682
darRvevas SeeZlo gamoewvia araswori gadawyvetileb-

is gamotana. Tu sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli sapro-
ceso darRveva aZlevs sasamarTlos safuZvels aseTi
varaudisaTvis, saCivari daSvebuli unda iqnes. Tu
saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad varaudi gamarTldeba da
gairkveva, rom saproceso darRvevam marTlac gamoi-
wvia saqmeze araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana,
sakasacio sasamarTlo gaauqmebs am gadawyvetilebas,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi gamoitans ganCinebas sakasa-
cio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos me-
ore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba.
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datove-
bis Sesaxeb
es qvepunqti warmoadgens sakasacio saCivris dasaS-
vebobis kriteriums. igi miuTiTebs Tu romeli gadaw-
yvetileba da ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasa-
cio wesiT. es qvepunqti imeorebs 240-e muxlis me-3 naw-
ils da 392-e muxlis me-2 nawils. (ix. am muxlebis ko-
mentari).
6. 391-e muxlis me-6 nawili gansazRvravs sakasacio
saCivris ganxilvis vadas (6 Tve). es vada iwyeba sakasa-
cio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (401-e muxlis
pirveli nawili) da moicavs rogorc dasaSvebobis
Semowmebasa da Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebas (403-e mux-
li), ise saqmis ganxilvas sakasacio sasamarTlos gada-
wyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotaniT.
muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTve

los uzenaesi sasamarTlos
didi palatisTvis
1. saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganmxilvel sasa-

marTlos SeuZlia motivirebuli ganCinebiT
saqme gansaxilvelad gadasces saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palatas, Tu:
683
a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens

iSviaT samarTlebriv problemas;
b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva
sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyali-
bebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis gan-
martebas);
g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi
palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarT-
lebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas).
2. did palataSi saqme sakasacio wesiT
ganixileba am kodeqsisa da „„saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb“„ saqarTve-
los organuli kanonis Sesabamisad.
1. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata

sakasacio sasamarTloa da saqmeebs ganixilavs sakasa-
cio wesiT. did palatas saqme SeiZleba gadasces gansax-
ilvelad amave uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio pal-
atam, amisaTvis sakasacio palatam unda gamoitanos mo-
tivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) ganCineba. am ganCinebis
motivirebis zogadi (SefasebiTi) kriteriumebi Camoy-
alibebulia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi. cxadia, rom gan-
CinebaSi mxolod am zogad kriteriumebze miTiTeba ar
kmara, sakasacio palatam unda miuTiTos Tu romelma
garemoebebma ganapirobes saqmis did palataze gadace-
mis aucilebloba.
didi palatisaTvis saqmis gansaxilvelad gadacema
dasaSvebia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT sa-
marTlebriv problemas
„iSviaToba“ ganekuTvneba samarTlebriv problemas,
magram es samarTlebrivi problema ar SeiZleba ganvix-
iloT sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqmisagan ganyenebulad,
rogorc amas SeiZleba hqondes adgili samecniero kv-
levis dros. samarTlebrivi problema uSualod unda
ukavSirdebodes saqmes, anu saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT war-
moSobs samarTlebriv problemas. cxadia, es araa sak-
684
marisi am saqmis didi palatisaTvis gadasacemad. nebi-

smieri samoqalaqo saqmis gadawyveta dakavSirebulia
ama Tu im samarTlebriv problemasTan, imisaTvis, rom
arsebobdes didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis safuZ-
veli, es problema unda gamomdinareobdes saqmis Si-
naarsidan, iyos iSviaTi da saWiroebdes seriozul anal-
izs rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi Tval-
sazrisiT. swored faqtebis dadgena da am dadgenili
faqtebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba erTobliobaSi unda
qmnidnen iseT problemas, romelic xasiaTdeba iSvia-
TobiT, sirTuliT, romlis praqtikuli gadaWris pre-
cedenti an ar arsebobs, an ukiduresad mcire raode-
nobiT mogvepoveba.
b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva sakasacio
palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Se-
fasebas (normis ganmartebas)
sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebuli sa-
marTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad daedo
sxva saqmeze mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas (gan-
Cinebas), savaldebuloa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis
(am palatebis sxva SemadgenlobebisaTvis). maT ufle-
ba ar aqvT gadauxvion am Sefasebebs, ufro metic, sa-
marTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebuloa im sakasacio pa-
latisaTvisac, romelmac es Sefaseba Camoayaliba
(TviTSezRudvis principi). erTaderTi, rac sakasacio
palatas SeuZlia, roca igi ar eTanxmeba adre miRebul
samarTlebriv Sefasebas - esaa mimarTos did palatas
da gadasces mas saqme gansaxilvelad, romlis mier am
saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi)
Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebu-
lo iqneba yvela sakasacio palatisaTvis (Semadgenlo-
bisaTvis), mxolod am gziT SeiZleba samarTlis norme-
bis erTgvarovani gagebis miRweva, erTiani marTlmsa-
julebis uzrunvelyofa da samarTlis unifikaciis in-
teresebis dacva.
TavisTavad cxadia, rom didi palatisaTvis saqmis
gadacemis Sesaxeb ganCineba motivirebuli unda iyos
685
im samarTlebriv Sefasebaze miTiTebiT, romelic

Camoyalibebuli iyo sakasacio palatis mier adre sxva
saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebaSi, agreTve sakasa-
cio palatis mosazrebaze imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom ar
eTanxmeba da ar iziarebs am samarTlebriv Sefasebas.
g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi palatis
mier adre Camoyalibebul sam arTlebriv Sefasebas
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata ar
warmoadgens sxva sakasacio palatebze zemdgom sakasa-
cio sasamarTlos. igi aris sakasacio sasamarTlo,
romelsac sxva sakasacio palatebma SeiZleba gadascen
saqme mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsebobs kano-
niT gaTvaliswinebuli winapirobebi. amasTan erTad,
rogorc sakasacio palata misi samarTlebrivi Sexed-
ulebebi Camoyalibebuli konkretul saqmeebze gamo-
tanil gadawyvetilebebSi (ganCinebebSi), savaldebu-
loa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom
sxva sakasacio palatebma unda ixelmZRvanelon am sa-
marTlebrivi SefasebebiT maT mier sxva saqmeebis gada-
wyvetisas. magram, Tu sakasacio palata ar iziarebs (ar
eTanxmeba) didi palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul sa-
marTlebriv Sexedulebas, mas SeuZlia Tavisi mo-
tivirebuli ganCinebiT saqme gadasces gansaxilvelad
did palatas.
2. didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. mas axa-
siaTebs Semdegi Taviseburebani: a) did palatas ver mi-
marTaven uSualod kasatorebi; b) didi palata ganix-
ilavs saqmeebs Tu mas mimarTavs uSualod romelime
sakasacio palata; g) sakasacio palatis ganCineba saq-
mis did palataze gadacemis Sesaxeb motivirebuli
unda iyos: d) didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs 9 mosa-
marTlis SemadgenlobiT; e) saqmis ganmxilvel Semad-
genlobaSi Sedian am saqmis Tavdapireli ganmxilveli
mosamarTleebi; v) did palataSi saqmis ganxilvas
Tavmjdomareobs uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare
686
an, misi davalebiT - uzenaesi sasamarTlos erT-erTi

palatis Tavmjdomare (me-10 muxli).
muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyveti

lebis gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba
1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZ-

leba sakasacio wesiT gaasaCivros im mxa-
rem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamo-
tanili.
2. sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxolod
iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis mimarT,
romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiT dausw-
reblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRar SeiZ-
leba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebis ga-
momtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyveti-
leba SeiZleba kasaciis wesiT gasaCivrdes
mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebobda
saTanado samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi.
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gamotanili pirve-

li dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
mxolod saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
2. sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod
iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic gamota-
nilia erTi da igive mxaris `ganmeorebiT dauswreb-
lobis~, anu ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis gamo.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom,
romelmac dasaSvebad cno pirvel dauswrebel gadawy-
vetilebaze Semotanili saCivari da daniSna saqmis gan-
xilvis dRe, gaauqmos es gadawyvetileba, radgan mxaris
gamoucxadebloba marTlac gamowveuli iyo sapatio mi-
zeziT (ssk-is 241-e muxli), xolo saqmis arsebiTad gan-
xilva sxva droisaTvis daniSnos. Tu saqmis arsebiTad
ganxilvisaTvis sxva droisaTvis daniSnul dRes kvlav
ar gamocxaddeba mxare, vis winaaRmdegac gamotanili iyo
pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, saapelacio sa-
687
)
samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos am mxaris winaaRmdeg da-

uswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es iqneba `ganmeorebiT da-
uswreblobis Sedegad~ mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili meo-
re dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, da amitom igi SeiZ-
leba gasaCivrdes mxolod sakasacio wesiT.
_ sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba imas niSnavs, rom ase-
Ti saCivari unda efuZnebodes kanonis darRvevas (ssk-
is 393-e muxli). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi kanoni dar-
Rveulad iTvleba, Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
gamotanilia ssk-is 233-e da 241-e muxlebis moTxovna-
Ta gauTvaliswineblad (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia pirveli dauswrebe-
li gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze mi-
Rebul ganCinebazec.
magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom mxaris
gamoucxadeblobis gamo miiRo pirveli dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba, romelzec im mxarem, romlis winaaR-
mdegac iyo gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,
Seitana saCivari am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saq-
mis arsebiTad ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram sasamarTlom
ganCinebiT es saCivari ar daakmayofila. aseTi ganCine-
ba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. (240-e muxlis
me-2 da me-3 nawilebi)
muxli 393. sakasacio saCivris

safuZvlebi
1. sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebo-

des mxolod imas, rom gadawyvetileba ka-
nonis darRveviTaa gamotanili.
2. samarTlis normebi darRveulad iTv-
leba, Tu sasamarTlom:
a) ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda
gamoeyenebina;
b) gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda
gamoeyenebina;
g) arasworad ganmarta kanoni.
688
3. saproceso samarTlis normebis darR-

veva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadaw-
yvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am dar-
Rvevis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyve-
tileba iqna gamotanili.
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas

mxolod samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e. i. ramdenad
sworadaa gamoyenebuli kanoni saapelacio sasamarT-
los mier. amiT igi gansxvavdeba saapelacio sasamarT-
losagan, romelsac SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetile-
ba rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi dasabuTe-
bulobis TvalsazrisiT.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlos aseTi amocaniTa da ufle-
bamosilebiT aris ganpirobebuli am muxlis pirveli na-
wilis danawesi, romlis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari Se-
iZleba efuZnebodes mxolod kanonis darRvevas.
_ Tu sakasacio saCivari emyareba ara kanonis darR-
vevas, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv mxa-
res, anu misi faqtobrivi garemoebebiT dausabuTeb-
lobas, maSin aseTi saCivari ver CaiTvleba sakasacio
saCivrad. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom un-
da daavalos kasators Seavsos xarvezi. Tu xarvezi da-
niSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sakasacio saCivari
ar daiSveba da sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCi-
nebas misi warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb (ssk-
is 401-e muxli).
2. sakasacio saCivari ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos
agreTve zogadi miTiTebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom gadawyve-
tilebis gamomtanma saapelacio sasamarTlom daarR-
via samarTlis norma (kanoni).
sakasacio saCivarSi savaldebuloa imaze miTiTe-
ba, Tu konkretulad ra saxiT (formiT) gamovlinda
kanonis es darRveva. kanonis darRvevis saxeebi ki Ca-
moyalibebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, rac imas niSnavs,
rom kasatorma Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTi-
Tos kanonis darRvevis erT-erT saxeze mainc, kerZod:
689
a) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarT-

lom ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina,
maSin man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, Tu
konkretulad raSi gamoixata aseTi darRveva (ar miu-
TiTa Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi kanonze, romelic unda
gamoeyenebina da saqme gadawyvita Tavisi mixedule-
biT, maSin, rodesac unda gamoeyenebina moqmedi samar-
Tlis esa Tu is norma, romelic am sadavo urTierTo-
bas aregulirebs da a. S.);68
b) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarT-
lom gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebi-
na, man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, kon-
kretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (gamoiyena ka-
noni (samarTlis norma), romelic gauqmebulia, gamo-
iyena kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic
ewinaaRmdegeba kanons, nacvlad Sromis samarTlis
normisa gamoiyena samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi norma,
ramac gamoiwvia sadavo urTierTobis araswori iuri-
diuli kvalifikacia, nacvlad sanivTo samarTlebri-
vi normebisa gamoiyena valdebulebiTi samarTlebri-
vi norma da a. S.); 69
g) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarT-
lom, marTalia, gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoe-
yenebina, magram arasworad gaigo am kanonis azri da Si-
naarsi, anu arasworad ganmarta igi, man unda miuTiTos,
konkretulad raSi gamoixateba am kanonis araswori ga-
geba.70
3. saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia SemTx-
vevebi, rodesac saproceso normis darRveva iwvevs ga-
saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis savaldebulo gauqmebas
(ix. ssk-is 394-e muxlis komentari), magram es srule-
biT ar niSnavs imas, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi saproceso
68
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #9, gv.2296-2298
69
70
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #3, gv. 283-287
690
normis darRvevam ar SeiZleba gamoiwvios gadawyveti-

lebis gauqmeba.
_ saproceso normebis darRvevis gamo gadawyveti-
lebis gauqmebis kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli
SemTxvevebis farglebs garda, sakiTxis gadawyveta imis
Sesaxeb, unda gauqmdes Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-
tileba ama Tu im konkretuli saproceso samarTlebri-
vi normis darRvevis gamo, mindobili aqvs sakasacio sa-
samarTlos. magaliTad, saapelacio sasamarTlom ar ga-
daugzavna mowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisa
da damatebiT Semosuli masalebis aslebi (ssk-is 373-e
muxli), sasamarTlom ar ganixila kanoniT dadgenili we-
siT mosamarTlis mimarT gancxadebuli acileba (ssk-is
34-e muxli), sasamarTlom ar misca mxares SesaZleblo-
ba monawileoba mieRo paeqrobaSi (ssk-is 227-e muxli),
sasamarTlom ar miiRo Segebebuli saapelacio saCiva-
ri, radgan mxares uari hqonda naTqvami saapelacio we-
siT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (ssk-is 379-e muxli),
sasamarTlom ar misca ufleba mosarCeles Seecvala sar-
Celis safuZveli, romlis Sesaxeb man droulad ganac-
xada (ssk-is 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili) da a. S.
saproceso darRvevas, im TvalsazrisiT, gamoiwvia
Tu ara man, an SeeZlo Tu ara mas gamoewvia araswori
gadawyvetilebis gamotana, afasebs zemdgomi sasamar-
Tlo, romelic ixilavs saCivars. imis mixedviT, Tu ro-
gori iqneba es Sefaseba, zemdgomi sasamarTlo (apela-
cia, kasacia) gamoitans Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas (gan-
Cinebas).71

absoluturi safuZvlebi
gadawyvetileba yovelTvis CaiTvleba ka-
nonis darRveviT miRebulad, Tu:
71
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #8, gv. 2199-2201.
691
a) saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakanoni-

erma Semadgenlobam;
b) sasamarTlom saqme ganixila erT-erTi
mxaris dauswreblad, romelsac ar miuRia
Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT an
misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe, Tu
aseTi warmomadgenloba kanoniT iyo gaTva-
liswinebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca
aseTi kanonieri warmomadgeneli cnobs sa-
samarTlo procesis warmarTvis marTlzo-
mierebas;
g) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia saqmeze,
romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad ar eq-
vemdebareba;
d) gadawyvetileba miRebulia saqmis ze-
piri ganxilvis safuZvelze, romlis dro-
sac darRveulia procesis sajaroobis we-
sebi;
e) gadawyvetileba iuridiulad ar aris
sakmarisad dasabuTebuli;
e1) gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba imdenad
arasrulia, rom misi samarTlebrivi safuZ-
vlianobis Semowmeba SeuZlebelia;
v) gadawyvetilebas xels ar aweren is
mosamarTleebi, romlebic gadawyvetileba-
Si arian aRniSnulni;
z) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia im mosa-
marTleebis mier, romlebic am saqmis gan-
xilvaSi adre monawileobdnen;
T) saqmeSi ar aris saapelacio sasamarT-
los sxdomis oqmi.
es muxli Seicavs saproceso darRvevebis CamonaT-

vals, romlebic TviT kanonmdeblis mieraa Sefasebu-
li iseT darRvevebad, romlebic aucileblad iwvevs
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas (kanoniT calsaxad gansaz-
692
Rvruli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebi). aq sa-

samarTlos mixedulebisaTvis adgili ar rCeba.
a) sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba SeiZle-
ba sxvadasxvanairad gamovlindes, magaliTad, saqme ga-
nixila mosamarTlem, an kolegiur SemadgenlobaSi aris
mosamarTle, romelic gaTavisuflebulia an gadayene-
bulia Tanamdebobidan, an kidev, romelsac jer ar mi-
ucia fici;72 saqmes kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ixilavs
ara sami, aramed ori mosamarTle (ssk-is 25-e muxli);
saqme ganixila an saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobs mosa-
marTle, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas ganucxades acile-
ba da es acileba miiRo sasamarTlom; sasamarTlos Se-
madgenlobaSi arian erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi (ssk-
is 30-e muxli) da a. S.;
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac
administraciul davas, romlis gadawyveta unda mox-
des administraciuli saqmeebis ganxilvisa da gadawy-
vetis saproceso wesebis Tanaxmad, ganixilavs samoqa-
laqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata da
piriqiT.
SeiZleba Tu ara ukanono Semadgenlobad gamovacx-
adoT sasamarTlo mxolod imitom, rom man nebiT Tu
uneblieT ganixila arasaqveuwyebo an aragansjadi
saqme?
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa da administraciul saqmeTa palatebis pozi-
cia am sakiTxze xSirad aseTia: saqmis ganxilva aragan-
sjadi sasamarTlos mier niSnavs am saqmis ganxil-
vas sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier,
rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi
safuZvelia.73
sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba - esaa am
72
„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis
50-e da 55-e muxlebi.
73
susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs 615-201-09.VI.0 5
susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs-664-251-29.VI.05
693
Semadgenlobis Sinagani maxasiaTebeli. igi aseTad dar-

Ceba nebismier SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad imisa ganix-
ilavs saqmeebs gansjadobisa da saqveuwyebobis weseb-
is dacviT Tu ara. mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT
is, rom samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis calkeul in-
stituts ukavSirdeba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sede-
gebi. am Sedegebis sxva institutebidan dasesxebas Sei-
Zleba moyves seriozuli Secdomebi. magaliTad, 21-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas
aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes,
roca mopasuxe araa winaaRmdegi rom saqme ganixilos
aragansjadma sasamarTlom da a.S. magram sasamarTlos
arakanonieri Semadgenloba verasdros ver gardaiqm-
neba kanonier Semadgenlobad, Tu ar aRmoifxvra mize-
zebi, romlebmac ganapirobes am Semadgenlobis ara-
kanoniereba.
b) sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs saqmes da ver gamoi-
tans gadawyvetilebas (verc Cveulebrivs da verc da-
uswrebels), Tu winaswar ar Seatyobina mxareebs ssk-is
70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT74 (ix. am muxlebis
komentari).
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvitos
saqme erT-erTi mxaris dauswreblad, oRond erTi au-
cilebeli pirobiT, Tu am mxares droulad Cabarda uw-
yeba sasamarTlo sxdomis Sesaxeb, e. i. droulad hqon-
da miRebuli Setyobineba saqmis ganxilvis dRis Tao-
baze da miuxedavad amisa, ar gamocxadda sasamarTlo
sxdomaze (ssk-is 229-e da 230-e muxlebi).
_ ssk-is 101-e muxlis Tanaxmad, qmeduunaro moqa-
laqis, agreTve SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone mo-
qalaqis uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sa-
samarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (ix.
am muxlis komentari). is, rac zemoT iTqva mxareebis
mimarT, mTlianad exeba agreTve kanonier warmomad-
74
694
genlebs, romelTa Setyobinebis gareSe saqmis ganxil-

va da gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia.
_ mxares SeuZlia awarmoos saqme sasamarTloSi pi-
radad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. saqmis warmoeba
warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxare-
ebs TviTonac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi (ssk-
is 93-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
aqedan gamomdinare, saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi
warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar aTavisuflebs sasamar-
Tlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos Setyobineba uSua-
lod mxares (ssk-is 70-e muxli);
g) samoqalaqo saqmeebis saerTo sasamarTloebisad-
mi uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogad kriteriums Sei-
cavs ssk-is me-11 muxli (ix. am muxlis komentari). miu-
xedavad imisa, rom saerTo sasamarTloebis kompeten-
cia sagrZnoblad gafarTovda, aris iseTi kategoria
saqmeebisa, romlebic uwyebrivad araa maTi qvemdeba-
re da unda ganixilos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, sa-
arbitraJo sasamarTlom an xelisuflebis romelime
organom.
_ Tu saqme ar eqvemdebareba uwyebrivad sasamarT-
los, mas ufleba ara aqvs ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi.
aseTi saqme sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi
(ssk-is 186-e muxlis à~ qvepunqti) an, Tu SecdomiT mi-
iRo, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi gamovlinda, rom es
saqme sasamarTlom ar unda ganixilos, gamoitanos gan-
Cineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-e
muxlis à~ qvepunqti);
d) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi viTareba,
rodesac sasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba saqmis da-
xurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram faqtobri-
vad es saqme ganixila daxurul sxdomaze da daintere-
sebul pirebs ar miecaT saSualeba daswrebodnen saq-
mis ganxilvas;
e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis TvalsazrisiT. Sesa-
mowmebeli gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi mi-
695
TiTebuli unda iyos kanonebze, romlebiTac ixelmZR-

vanela sasamarTlom (ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
cxadia, rom marto kanonebze miTiTeba ar aris sakma-
risi. am gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom un-
da daasabuTos, Tu ratom ixelmZRvanela am kanoniT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebaSi saerTod
araa miTiTebuli kanonze, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sa-
samarTlom, an kidev, miTiTebulia, magram araa dasa-
buTebuli (motivirebuli), Tu ratom gamoiyena saxel-
dobr es kanoni (samarTlis norma), ris gamoc sakasacio
wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi
dasabuTebulobis (safuZvlianobis) Semowmeba SeuZle-
belia, aseTi gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes;
e1) sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos gasa-
Civrebul gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) Camoyali-
bebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabam-
isoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtul
niSnebTan, normis azrTan da SinaarsTan. magram es Seu-
Zlebeli iqneba, Tu gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans rome-
li faqtebi CaTvala saapelacio sasamarTlom dadge-
nilad da, maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iu-
ridiulad, romel faqtebs mianiWa an ar mianiWa iurid-
iuli mniSvneloba am gadawyvetilebisaTvis da a.S. cxa-
dia, rom gadawyvetilebis Semowmeba saerTod SeuZle-
belia, Tu ar Cans romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv
safuZvlebs emyareba igi.
magaliTi:
sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gasaCivrebuli ga-
dawyvetileba da miuTiTa, rom ar aris dadgenili arc
erTi faqtobrivi garemoeba, ar aris aRniSnuli sasa-
marTlos daskvnebi da mosazrebani. kanoni moiTxovs
dadgenili faqtebis Sefasebas samarTlis normebiT.
Sesabamisad, sakasacio sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom vina-
idan mocemul saqmeze ar aris dadgenili faqtobrivi
garemoebebi, gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Sefase-
ba SeuZlebelia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, gadawyve-
696
tileba imdenad dausabuTebelia, rom igi samoqalaqo

saproceso kodeqsis 394-e muxlis è~ qvepunqtis Ta-
naxmad iTvleba kanonis darRveviT miRebul gadawyve-
tilebad.
aRniSnulis gamo gadawyvetileba gauqmda da saqme
xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda imave sasamarTlos.75
v) ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, gadaw-
yvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnos am gadawy-
vetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos Semadgenloba (ix.
am muxlis komentari). cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebas
xels unda awerdes is mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi), ro-
melic aRniSnulia am gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawil-
Si. Tu es ase araa, e. i. gadawyvetilebas xels awers ara
is mosamarTle, romelic aRniSnulia gadawyvetileba-
Si, aramed sxva mosamarTle an sxva mosamarTleebi, ma-
Sin gadawyvetileba udavod unda gauqmdes.
_ gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes im SemTxvevaSic,
rodesac saqmis masalebidan utyuarad Cans, rom saq-
mis ganxilvaSi monawileobda sxva mosamarTle, xolo
gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia da am gadawyvetilebas
xels awers sxva mosamarTle;
z) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs erTi da igive mo-
samarTlis monawileoba erTsa da imave saqmeze sasa-
marTlos sxvadasxva instanciebSi, rac dauSvebelia
ssk-is 29-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari);
T) sxdomis oqmi aris uaRresad mniSvnelovani sap-
roceso dokumenti, romelSic aisaxeba procesis msvle-
loba (saproceso moqmedebani) mTlianad, mxareTa da me-
same pirTa axsna-ganmartebebi, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqs-
pertisa da specialistis mosazrebebi, mxareTa warmo-
madgenlebis mosazrebebi, mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis,
kerZod, adgilze daTvalierebis Sedegebi da a. S.
cxadia, rom oqmis gareSe SeuZlebelia gadawyveti-
lebis Semowmeba, sakasacio saCivris safuZvlianobis
75
697
garkveva; oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa (ssk-is 287-e

muxli).
magaliTi:
sakasacio palatam daakmayofila sakasacio saCiva-
ri, amasTan ganmarta, rom saqmeSi warmodgenil saape-
lacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqms xels ar awerda sxdo-
mis Tavmjdomare, ris gamoc sxdomis oqmi ar SeiZle-
boda iuridiuli Zalis mqone dokumentad CaTvlili-
yo. mocemul SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso ko-
deqsis 394-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, aRniS-
nuli garemoeba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absolu-
tur safuZvels warmoadgens. sakasacio palatam CaT-
vala, rom saqmeSi ar aris iuridiuli Zalis mqone saa-
pelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmi, rac gaxda miTi-
Tebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli.76
muxli 395. sakasacio saCivris Setana

sakasacio saCivari Seitaneba werilobiTi
formiT im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoi-
tana gadawyvetileba.
_ am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba

wamoiWras sakiTxi: unda CaiTvalos Tu ara sakasacio
saCivari Setanilad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac am muxlis
danawesis miuxedavad igi Setanilia ara gasaCivrebu-
li gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, aramed
uSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
es sakiTxi dadebiTad unda gadawydes igive argu-
mentebis safuZvelze, romlebic miTiTebulia ssk-is
367-e muxlis komentirebisas (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ amrigad, sakasacio saCivris uSualod sakasacio
sasamarTloSi Setana unda CaiTvalos dasaSvebad da
76
698
sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gamoiTxovos saqme Sesa-

bamisi sasamarTlodan.

Sinaarsi
1. sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes:
a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis
saxelzedac Sedgenilia saCivari;
b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs,
romelsac Seaqvs saCivari;
g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust
dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyveti-
lebis damdgen sasamarTloze;
d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyve-
tilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli;
e) miTiTebas, Tu ra moculobiT saCivr-
deba gadawyvetileba, gasaCivrebis safuZv-
lebs (kasaciis mizezebi) da ganmartebas
imis Taobaze, moiTxovs Tu ara momCivani
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa Tu Secvlas (ka-
saciis ganacxadi);
v) miTiTebas im faqtebsa da mtkicebule-
bebze, romlebic adastureben saproceso
samarTlis normebis darRvevas, Tu sakasa-
cio saCivari saproceso normebis darRve-
vas emyareba;
z) sakasacio saCivarze darTul werilo-
biTi masalebis nusxas;
T) sakasacio saCivris Semtani piris xel-
moweras.
2. warmomadgenlis mier Setanil sakasa-
cio saCivars unda daerTos mindobiloba,
romelic adasturebs warmomadgenlis uf-
lebamosilebas sakasacio saCivris Setana-
ze, Tu aseTi uflebamosilebis damadastu-
rebeli sabuTi ar aris saqmeSi.
699
3. Tu sakasacio saCivari ar upasuxebs aq

CamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifo baJi
ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo avalebs
saCivris Semtan pirs, Seavsos xarvezi, ris-
Tvisac uniSnavs mas vadas. Tu am vadaSi
xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli an sakasacio
saCivari ar aris Setanili kanoniT dadge-
nil vadaSi, sakasacio saCivari ganuxilve-
li darCeba.
1. sakasacio saCivari unda pasuxobdes am muxlis yve-

la moTxovnas, romelTa mixedviT Sedgenili saCivari
qmnis sakasacio saCivris Sinaarss.
a) miuxedavad imisa, rom sakasacio saCivari Setanil
unda iqnes sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-
tilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi (ssk-is 395-e muxli),
misi adresati aris sakasacio sasamarTlo da, amitom,
igi unda Seicavdes ara im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas,
romelSic uSualod Seitaneba saCivari, aramed sakasa-
cio sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixi-
los sakasacio saCivari;
b) sakasacio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT mxareebs
da ssk-is 391-e muxlis pirveli nawilis komentarSi mi-
TiTebul sxva pirebs (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawilis ko-
mentari _ sakasacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebi).
cxadia, rom Tu sakasacio saCivari Seaqvs am pirTa-
gan romelimes, es saCivari unda Seicavdes am piris da-
saxelebas (rekvizitebs). sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba
Seitanos warmomadgenelmac (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis
komentari). aseT SemTxvevaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos am
warmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi, rac ar ga-
moricxavs paralelurad marwmuneblis dasaxelebisa
da misamarTis miTiTebas;
g) sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebu-
li gadawyvetilebisa da gadawyvetilebis mimRebi sa-
samarTlos zust dasaxelebas;
d) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
700
sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk-is 404-e muxli). ami-

tom, sakasacio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos
miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCiv-
rebuli, Tu gadawyvetileba mTlianad ar saCivrdeba.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom kasatorma mTlianad gaa-
saCivros gadawyvetileba, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic
mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSic, rome-
lic gamotanilia mis sawinaaRmdegod. aseTi saCivris
farglebis gansazRvris dros sakasacio sasamarTlom
unda CaTvalos, rom gasaCivrebulia mxolod gadawyve-
tilebis is nawili, romelic kasatoris winaaRmdegaa ga-
motanili: kasators ufleba ara aqvs gaasaCivros ga-
dawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic mis sasargeblo-
daa gamotanili. amitom, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda
Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis mxolod is nawili, romelic
kasatoris sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili.
e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebis
kanonierebas, mis samarTlebriv dasabuTebas. amitom,
sakasacio saCivars safuZvlad SeiZleba daedos mxo-
lod kanonis darRveva, rasac sxvagvarad uwodeben ka-
saciis mizezs (ix. ssk-is 393-e muxlis komentari).
_ sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: kasa-
tori gadawyvetilebis mTlianad an nawilobriv gauq-
mebas, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlas da
axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas moiTxovs. es aris is,
rasac kasaciis ganacxadi ewodeba.
- xSirad sakasacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebulia Tx-
ovna, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom TviTon gamoitanos
axali gadawyvetileba an daabrunos saqme xelaxla gan-
saxilvelad ukan.
sakasacio sasamarTlo kasatoris aseTi TxovniT araa
SeboWili. mas SeuZlia, Tu amisaTvis arsebobs Sesabami-
si pirobebi, daakmayofilos kasatoris Txovna, magali-
Tad, gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da TviTon gamoitanos
axali gadawyvetileba, rogorc amas kasatori moiTxov-
da, magram SeuZlia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da miuxe-
davad kasatoris Txovnisa, daabrunos saqme ukan xelax-
701
la gansaxilvelad, an miuxedavad imisa, rom kasatori

moiTxovda gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebas da
saqmis xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis dabrunebas, gaauqmos
gadawyvetileba da saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad dab-
runebis nacvlad, TviTon miiRos axali gadawyvetile-
ba _ daakmayofilos sarCeli, an uari uTxras sarCelze,
Tu saqmeze faqtobrivi garemoebebi saproceso norme-
bis darRvevis gareSea dadgenili da saWiro ar aris mtki-
cebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva.
v) sakasacio sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis faqtob-
riv dasabuTebulebas ar amowmebs da amitom man ar un-
da ganixilos faqtebi da ar unda miiRos axali mtkice-
bulebebi maT dasadastureblad.
_ erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac sakasacio sasamar-
Tlo amowmebs faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, maT Soris
iRebs kasatorisagan am mtkicebulebebs, esaa iseTi Sem-
Txveva, rodesac sakasacio saCivari emyareba saproce-
so normebis darRvevebs (damatebiTi da dasabuTebu-
li sakasacio pretenzia). es wesi damkvidrebulia agreT-
ve ssk-is 407-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari);
z) Tu sakasacio saCivars erTvis werilobiTi masa-
lebi, aucilebelia, rom es saCivari Seicavdes am masa-
lebis nusxas (CamonaTvals). sakasacio sasamarTlom un-
da Seamowmos am CamonaTvalis Sesabamisoba TandarTul
masalebTan da Tu aRmoCndeba Seusabamoba, magaliTad,
CamonaTvalSi miTiTebulia iseT sabuTze, romelic si-
namdvileSi ar erTvis sakasacio saCivars, es aris xar-
vezi, romelic unda Seavsos kasatorma sakasacio sasa-
marTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi, magram sakasacio saCi-
varSi miTiTebuli danarTis warmoudgenlobam xarve-
zis Sesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg ar SeiZ-
leba gamoiwvios sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad da-
toveba, Tuki sakasacio saCivari sxva mxriv akmayofi-
lebs kanonis moTxovnas (ix. am muxlis me-3 nawili).
T) sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos, rogorc
uSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivars
xels unda awerdes is piri, visac Seaqvs saCivari. wina-
702
aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba xarvezi, romelic auci-

leblad unda Seivsos.
2. warmomadgenloba TavisTavad ar aniWebs war-
momadgenels uflebas Seitanos sakasacio saCivari.
amisaTvis saWiroa, rom amis Taobaze specialurad
iyos mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli ssk-is 98-e muxlis Se-
sabamisad. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre iyo gacemuli
da igi erTvis saqmes, maSin warmomadgenelma unda miu-
TiTos amis Sesaxeb mis mier warmodgenil sakasacio sa-
CivarSi. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre ar iyo gacemuli,
maSin man unda daurTos sakasacio saCivars axlad ga-
cemuli mindobiloba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqne-
ba xarvezi, romelic aucileblad unda Seivsos. amasTan
warmomadgenloba unda akmayofilebdes 440-e muxlis
moTxovnebs.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sakasa-
cio saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu sakasacio
saCivris Sinaarsi ar pasuxobs amave muxlis pirvel na-
wilSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, ar aris gadaxdili sa-
xelmwifo baJi, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia warmomad-
genlis mier, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanadod Sedgeni-
li mindobiloba (uflebamosileba sakasacio wesiT ga-
saCivrebaze specialuri miTiTebiT) an 440-e muxlSi
miTiTebuli advokatTa asociaciis wevrobis damadas-
turebeli dokumenti da sakasacio saCivris sagnis Ri-
rebuleba eWvs iwvevs (ssk-is 391-e muxlis me-3 nawili).77
_ ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos xarvezis Sevsebis vada.
vada unda ganisazRvros gonivrulad imis mixedviT, Tu
ra xasiaTis xarvezia Sesavsebi. es vada mxaris Suamd-
gomlobiT, an Tavisi iniciativiT SeiZleba gaagrZelos
sakasacio sasamarTlom. vada gagrZelebulad iTvleba,
Tu amis Sesaxeb miRebuli iqneba ganCineba. garda amisa
vada gagrZelebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos maSinac, Tuki
sasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba xarvezis Sesavsebad
77
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo
da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 20 ianvris ganCineba,
#as-769-1394-03
703
micemuli vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb, magram xarvezis

Sesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdegac ar miiRo
Sesabamisi ganCineba. aseT SemTxvevaSi vada SeiZleba ga-
sulad CaiTvalos mxolod maSin, rodesac miRebuli iq-
neba ganCineba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (401-e muxli).
_ sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tq-
mis SemTxvevaSi kasators unda daubrundes mis mier
Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.

Setanis vada
1. sakasacio saCivris Setanis vadaa 1 Tve.
am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba
da igi iwyeba mxarisaTvis gadawyvetilebis
gadacemis momentidan.
2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis ga-
mocxadebas eswreba sakasacio saCivris Se-
tanis uflebis mqone piri, sakasacio saCiv-
ris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis
momentidan. gadawyvetilebis gadacemis mo-
mentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis aslis
mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarT-
loSi an misi mxarisaTvis am kodeqsis 70-
78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad gadagzavnis dro.
1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis saka-

sacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena)
dauSvebelia, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis
zustad da Seucdomlad gansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyeba
am vadis dena.
am muxlSi aris drois sam monakveTze miTiTeba, sai-
danac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada, esaa:
a) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
gamocxadeba, magram erTi aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu am
gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen mxareebi
704
da sakasacio gasaCivrebis sxva subieqtebi (ssk-is 391-

e muxli), an kidev, maTi warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac
hqondaT micemuli uflebamosileba gaesaCivrebinaT
gadawyvetileba sakasacio wesiT;
b) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
aslis Cabareba mxarisaTvis, romelic mis gamocxade-
bas ar eswreboda;
g) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
aslis mxarisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gagzav-
nis dro.
amrigad, miTiTebuli normis Sinaarsidan gamomdi-
nare, Tu sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pi-
ri eswreboda saapelacio sasamarTlos mier dasabuTe-
buli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas
(rac unda dadgindes sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmis mi-
xedviT), maSin sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba
misi gamocxadebis momentidan, xolo im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmeze gamocxade-
bulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili,
maSin unda gairkves, uSualod rodis Cabarda mxares
gadawyvetilebis asli (gadawyvetilebis gadacemis mo-
menti) , rac SeiZleba dadgindes saqmeSi arsebuli, amis
Taobaze Sedgenili xelweriliT an sxva oficialuri
dokumentiT (Setyobineba safosto gzavnilebis Caba-
rebis Sesaxeb da sxv.). saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos
cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetilebis asli
Cabarda adresats.
_ sakasacio saCivris erTTviani vadis gamoTvlisas
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeq-
sis me-60 muxliT dadgenili wesi, kerZod, is, rom Tve-
ebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis aTvla unda daiw-
yos im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis dadgomis
Semdgomi dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi da-
sawyisi (ix. am muxlis komentari);
_ aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia samoqalaqo saproce-
so kodeqsis 61-e muxliT dadgenili wesi, romlis Ta-
naxmad TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada gasulad CaiTvle-
705
ba vadis ukanaskneli Tvis Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi.

Tu TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadis ukanaskneli dRe em-
Txveva uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavrebis
dRed unda CaiTvalos misi momdevno pirveli samuSao
dRe (ix. am muxlis komentari).
saqmis masalebiT ver dgindeba dasabuTebuli gadawy-
vetileba iqna gamocxadebuli, Tu misi sarezolucio na-
wili, aseve saqmis masalebiT ar dasturdeba mxareze ga-
saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis Cabarebis faqti.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxdomis oqmidan ar Cans, dasa-
buTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli Tu
mxolod misi sarezolucio nawili, an sxvagvarad eW-
vis qveS dgeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamoc-
xadebis sakiTxi, rodesac ssk-is 249-e muxlis moTxov-
naTa daucvelad gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio na-
wilSi, aseve amave kodeqsis 288-e muxlis `m~ qvepunq-
tis Sesabamisad _ sxdomis oqmSi ganmartebuli ar aris
gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi, maSin mxares sasa-
marTlos gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba yo-
velTvis unda hqondes erTi Tvis vadaSi mis mier am
gadawyvetilebis aslis miRebis dRidan. im SemTxve-
vaSi ki, Tu saqmis masalebiT ver xerxdeba gasaCivre-
buli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxareze Cabarebis zus-
ti TariRis dadgena, zogadsamarTlebrivi principe-
bidan gamomdinare, aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebu-
li yvela eWvi unda gadawydes sakasacio (saapelacio)
saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piris sasargeblod,
anu gasaCivrebis erTTviani vada ar unda iqnes miCne-
uli gasulad.78
78
706
muxli 398. saqmis gadagzavna

sakasacio sasamarTloSi
sakasacio saCivris Semosvlis Semdeg sa-

apelacio sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gada-
ugzavnis sakasacio sasamarTlos sakasacio
saCivars da mTlianad saqmes.
kanonis danawesis Tanaxmad (ssk-is 395-e muxli) sa-

kasacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes gasaCivrebuli ga-
dawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. es sasamarT-
lo saCivris dasaSvebobis Seumowmeblad dauyovneb-
liv agzavnis mas saqmesTan erTad sakasacio sasamarT-
loSi.
_ im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac miuxedavad kanonis da-
nawesisa, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia uSualod saka-
sacio sasamarTloSi (ix. ssk-is 395-e muxlis komenta-
ri), gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamar-
Tlo sakasacio sasamarTlos moTxovnisTanave valde-
bulia gadaagzavnos saqme sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
707
T a v i XLIX
saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi
muxli 399. zogadi debulebani

saqmis ganxilva sakasacio sasamarTloSi
warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic dad-
genilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa
ganxilvisaTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa,
romelTac es Tavi Seicavs.
_ Tavis mxriv, saapelacio sasamarTlo saqmis war-

moebisas xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT, romlebic dad-
genilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmeTa war-
moebisaTvis, im cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT, rac
dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxil-
visaTvis.
amrigad, sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxil-
va warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia:
a) sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis, rodesac sakasa-
cio sasamarTlosaTvis raime gansxvavebuli wesi araa
dadgenili;
g) pirvel instanciaSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, ro-
desac ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaT-
vis raime gansxvavebuli wesi sakasacio da arc saapela-
cio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis araa dadge-
nili.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kanonmdeblobaSi aris
xarvezi, sakasacio sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs kano-
nis an samarTlis analogiiT (ssk-is me-7 muxli).
708

gadagzavna meore mxarisaTvis,
pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze
gansaxilvelad miRebis Semdeg sakasacio

saCivrisa da TandarTuli masalebis asle-
bi unda gadaegzavnos meore mxares, romel-
sac sakasacio sasamarTlo dauniSnavs va-
das saCivarze werilobiTi pasuxis gasace-
mad.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme gan-

saxilvelad. amisaTvis sakasacio sasamarTlom sakasa-
cio saCivari da masze darTuli werilobiTi masalebis
aslebi (Tu aseTi masalebi erTvis) Tavisi ganCinebiT
`sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi
momzadebis Sesaxeb~ unda gadaugzavnos mowinaaRmde-
ge mxares. am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu ro-
mel sakiTxebze unda gasces pasuxi mowinaaRmdege mxa-
rem, kerZod:
a) cnobs Tu ara sakasacio saCivars;
b) Tu ar cnobs, ra konkretul mosazrebebs emyareba;
g) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Se-
motanas;
d) ra vadaSi unda iqnes warmodgenili werilobiTi
pasuxi;
e) gafrTxileba imis Sesaxeb, rom am vadis gasvlis
Semdeg mas erTmeva ufleba waradginos werilobiTi Se-
sagebeli;
v) saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganxilvis dRe, xolo Tu
sakasacio sasamarTlos saqmis zepiri ganxilva ar miaC-
nia saWirod (ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawili), maSin gan-
CinebaSi unda mieTiTos, rom saqme ganxiluli iqneba
zepiri ganxilvis gareSe da sakasacio sasamarTlos mi-
er miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxa-
reebs, rac gulisxmobs miRebuli gadawyvetilebis as-
lebis mxareTaTvis gagzavnas.
709

dasaSvebobis Semowmeba
1. sakasacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10 dRis

vadaSi momxsenebelma mosamarTlem unda
Seamowmos, Setanilia Tu ara sakasacio
saCivari am kodeqsis 396-e muxlis moTx-
ovnaTa dacviT, Tu sakasacio saCivari ak-
mayofilebs aRniSnuli muxlis moTxovnebs,
igi warmoebaSi miiReba am kodeqsis 391-e
muxlis safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamow-
meblad
iswinebul sakiTxebs momxsenebeli mosamar-
Tle wyvets zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.
3. am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis safuZvelze
sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebs
sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba.
kolegia uflebamosilia aRniSnuli sakiTxi
gadawyvitos zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.
4. Tu sakasacio saCivari dauSveblad
iqneba miCneuli, pirs daubrundeba mis mier
gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJis 70 procenti.
1. dasaSvebobis axali winapirobebis SemoRebasTan

dakavSirebiT ssk mkveTrad mijnavs erTmaneTisagan
sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebasa da sakasacio
saCivris dasaSvebobas, agreTve maT safuZvlebsa da
miznebs.
pirvel etapze - (10 dReSi sakasacio saCivris Se-
mosvlidan). sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos
sakiTxi misaRebia Tu ara warmoebaSi sakasacio saCi-
vari. amisaTvis mas evaleba Seamowmos pasuxobs Tu ara
igi 396-e muxlis moTxovnebs. imis mixedviT Tu rogori
iqneba Semowmebis Sedegebi sakasacio sasamarTlos mo-
samarTles gamoaqvs Sesabamisad „ganCineba sakasacio
saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb“ 391-e muxlis
710
safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamowmeblad, romelSic

sxva rekvizitebTan erTad unda mieTiTos mizanze
Semowmdes sakasacio saCivris dasaSveboba, an „ganCine-
ba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tq-
mis Sesaxeb“.79
meore etapze - sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadaw-
yvitos ufro rTuli sakiTxi: dasaSvebia Tu ara sakasa-
cio saCivari 391-e muxlis safuZvelze. dasaSvebobas
amowmebs sakasacio sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgen-
loba. imis mixedviT, Tu rogori iqneba Semowmebis Sede-
gebi sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans Sesabamisad „gan-
Cinebas sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis
Sesaxeb“ (403-e muxli). an „ganCinebas sakasacio sa-
Civris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauS-
veblobis gamo“ (403-e muxli)
2. sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis, sakasacio
saCivris xarvezis an sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad
datovebis sakiTxebs wyvets erTpirovnulad momx-
senebeli mosamarTle zepiri mosmenis gareSe, rac ar
arTmevs mas uflebas gamouZaxos da gaesaubros mxa-
reebs im sakiTxebze, romlebic saCivris warmoebaSi
miRebas Seexeba.
3. rac Seexeba sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sak-
iTxs, 391-e muxlis safuZvelze mas amowmebs sasamarT-
los kolegiuri Semadgenloba, romelsac SeuZlia
daniSnos amisaTvis zepiri mosmena an sakiTxi gadawyvi-
tos zepiri mosmenis gareSe.
4. sakasacio saCivris dauSveblad cnobis SemTxveva-
Si kasators ubrundeba baJis 70 procenti.
ssk ar Seicavs miTiTebas imis Taobaze ubrundeba
Tu ara baJi kasators im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac misi
sakasacio saCivari ar iqna miRebuli warmoebaSi.
79
marTalia warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs wyvets erTpirovnulad
sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle, magram Sesabamisi ganCineba
mas gamoaqvs sakasacio palatis saxeliT.
711
samarTliani iqneba Tu mas daubrundeba mis mier

Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi mTlianad. sasamarTlo
praqtika swori mimarTulebiT midis, aseT SemTxveva-
Si saxelmwifo baJi ukan brundeba.
muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis

Sedegi
1. Tu arsebobs sakasacio saCivris yvela

winapiroba da igi miRebulia sakasacio sa-
samarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-
tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba
im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia.
2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, ro-
melic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, sa-
kasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT Se-
aCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsrule-
basTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi.
3. ganCineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamo-
tanil iqnes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe,
uzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi garantiebiT.
1. sakasacio saCivris, agreTve Segebebuli sakasacio

saCivris Setana SeaCerebs gasaCivrebuli gadawyveti-
lebis iZulebiT aRsrulebas im nawilSi, romelSic ga-
saCivrebulia. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCineba saka-
sacio saCivris (Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris) gansa-
xilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb avtomaturad SeaCerebs ga-
saCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas
gasaCivrebul nawilSi. ganCinebaSi mizanSewonilia
aRiniSnos amis Sesaxeb, magram romc ar aRiniSnos, ga-
dawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla mainc SeCerde-
ba kanonis ZaliT.
2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis dau-
yovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas (ix. ssk-is 268-e
muxlis komentari). Tu sakasacio saCivari Semotanilia
gadawyvetilebaze, romelic gadacemulia dauyovneb-
712
liv aRsrulebisaTvis, maSin sakasacio sasamarTlom

Tavis ganCinebaSi sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad mi-
Rebis Sesaxeb, unda miuTiTos gasaCivrebuli gadawy-
vetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SeCerebis Se-
saxeb, Tu amas kasatori moiTxovs.
3. amasTan erTad, dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze gada-
cemuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebisa da aR-
srulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebis gauqmebis
Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs specialuri
ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos aRsrule-
bis SeCerebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis uzrun-
velyofis im garantiebze, romlebic gaTvaliswinebu-
lia ssk-is 57-e da 271-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis ko-
mentari).
_ Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris miReba iwvevs igi-
ve Sedegebs, rasac damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris
miReba, oRond gadawyvetilebis mxolod im nawilis
mimarT, romelic am saCivriTaa gasaCivrebuli.
muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna
1. sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad mi-

Rebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gan-
sazRvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros,
ris Sesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am gan-
Cinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi.
2. sasamarTlom unda acnobos mxareebs
did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da misi
ganxilvis TariRis Sesaxeb.
1. sakasacio sasamarTlos mixedulebazea damoki-

debuli ganixilos saqme sasamarTlo sxdomaze (zepiri
ganxilvis formiT) mxareTa monawileobiT, Tu zepiri
ganxilvis gareSe, anu mxareTa monawileobis gareSe.
_ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTv-
lis saqmis zepir ganxilvas, maSin man Tavis ganCinebaSi
_ `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da mom-
713
zadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, Tu romel dRes, ro-

mel saaTze da sasamarTlos romel sxdomis darbazSi
moxdeba saqmis ganxilva.
_ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewo-
nilad saqmis zepiri ganxilva, maSin man Tavis ganCine-
baSi `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da mom-
zadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, rom sakasacio saCi-
vari ganxiluli iqneba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, mxare-
ebs ecnobebaT saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Se-
saxeb da gaegzavnebaT misi asli (ssk-is 408-e muxlis
me-3 nawili).
_ zemoxsenebul orive SemTxvevaSi mxareebs Setyo-
bineba unda gaegzavnoT ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis
vadaSi.
2. rac Seexeba did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da mi-
si ganxilvis TariRis mxareebisaTvis Setyobinebis sa-
kiTxs, igi unda mowesrigdes am muxlis pirveli nawi-
lis komentaris gaTvaliswinebiT. kerZod, mxareebs ec-
noboT am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi.

Semowmebis farglebi
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadaw-

yvetilebas sakasacio saCivris farglebSi.
sakasacio sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia Tavisi
iniciativiT Seamowmos saproceso darRve-
vebi, garda 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
`v~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebisa.
2. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis saga-
ni SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlos is
ganCinebebi, romlebic win uswrebs sasa-
marTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebas, imis-
gan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maT
mimarT kerZo saCivris Setana.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamow-
mos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarT-
714
los uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas moce-

mul konkretul saqmeze saerTaSoriso kom-
petencia. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
teritoriul da sagnobriv gansjadobas sa-
kasacio sasamarTlo Seamowmebs mxolod mo-
pasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna dasaS-
vebia, Tu igi saqmis saapelacio sasamarT-
loSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli mopa-
suxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio mize-
zi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqna
wamoyenebuli saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
1. sakasacio saCivris farglebSi unda vigulisxmoT

kasatoris sakasacio moTxovna (gadawyvetilebis gauq-
meba mTlianad an nawilobriv). sakasacio moTxovnas-
Tan mimarTebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Sea-
mowmos materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis ara mar-
to is darRvevebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs kasatori Ta-
vis saCivarSi, aramed saerTod gadawyvetilebis kano-
niereba. sakasacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia kasatoris
moTxovniT da igi ver gacdeba am moTxovnis farglebs:
es farglebi ar moicavs kasatoris Txovnas saqmis xe-
laxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis Tu axali gada-
wyvetilebis gamotanas TviTon sakasacio sasamarTlos
mier (ix. 396-e muxlis „e“ punqtis komentari). igi araa
SeboWili agreTve kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivarSi
miTiTebuli kanonis darRvevebiT da amowmebs gadawy-
vetilebas materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis swo-
rad gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom, Tu sakasacio
sasamarTlo aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad miva im daskv-
namde, rom kasatoris moTxovna gadawyvetilebis mTli-
anad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebis Sesaxeb unda dakmayo-
fildes, magram ara sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli,
aramed materialur-samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis)
sxva darRvevis gamo, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda ga-
moitanos Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba.
715
_ gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa saproceso normebis

darRvevis Semowmebis mimarT.
saproceso normebis darRvevebs sasamarTlo Sea-
mowmebs, Tu am darRvevebze miTiTebulia sakasacio sa-
CivarSi. Tavisi iniciativiT sakasacio sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia Seamowmos faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, romle-
bic saqmeSia an sakasacio sasamarTloSi warmoadgina
mxarem, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon saproce-
so normis darRveva (ssk-is 396-e muxlis `v~ qvepunq-
ti), agreTve saproceso darRvevebi, romlebzec miTi-
Tebulia am muxlis me-3 nawilSi.
2. sasamarTlos nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba gasa-
Civrdes. Tavisebureba mxolod imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
zogierTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad (calke) _ ker-
Zo saCivriT, xolo zogierTi _ mxolod gadawyvetile-
basTan erTad.
_ sasamarTlos im ganCinebebis usworobaze da dau-
sabuTeblobaze, romlebic SeiZleboda adre gasaCiv-
rebuliyo kerZo saCivriT, magram ama Tu im mizeziT ar
gasaCivrebula, agreTve im ganCinebebze, romlebzec
kerZo saCivris Setana dauSvebelia _ SeiZleba mieTi-
Tos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis winaaR-
mdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi.
es imas niSnavs, rom am ganCinebis mimarT ar unda da-
iweros kerZo saCivris msgavsi calke saCivari. am gan-
CinebaTa usworobaze da dausabuTeblobaze SeiZleba
miTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos Se-
majamebeli gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg Setanil sa-
kasacio saCivarSi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom adre gamotanili ganCinebebis
gadawyvetilebasTan erTad gasaCivrebis mizani SeiZ-
leba iyos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iuridiu-
li dausabuTeblobis, misi kanonis darRveviT miRe-
bis dadastureba.
Sesabamisad, saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-
lebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi Camo-
716
yalibebul mosazrebebs am sasamarTlos mier gamota-

nili ganCinebebis usworobisa da maTi kanonis darRve-
viT miRebis Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos ar gamo-
aqvs calke ganCineba. Tavisi mixeduleba (pozicia) am
ganCinebebis Sesaxeb sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia
Camoayalibos sakasacio saCivris mimarT gamotanil Ta-
vis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).
magaliTi:
saapelacio sasamarTlom saqmis warmoebis ganaxle-
bas safuZvlad daudo iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic ar
warmoadgenda saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis kanonier sa-
fuZvels. vinaidan ssk-is 431-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ganCi-
neba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ar saCivrde-
ba, saapelacio sasamarTlom saqme ganixila ganmeore-
biT da miiRo adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis sapi-
rispiro Sedegi.
sakasacio sasamarTlom marTebulad daakmayofila
kasatoris moTxovna da gaauqma saapelacio sasamarT-
los rogorc Semajamebeli gadawyvetileba, ise ganCi-
nebac saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan ka-
nonis darRveviT iyo miRebuli.80
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT (mxa-
reTa Txovnis gareSe) ara marto SeuZlia, aramed val-
debulia Seamowmos sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdeba-
reoba da sasamarTlos saerTaSoriso kompetencia.
_ uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmebis dros sasa-
marTlo xelmZRvanelobs ssk-is me-11 muxliT (ix. am
muxlis komentari), xolo saerTaSoriso kompetenciis
Semowmebis mizniT igi xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos
kanoniT `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (am
kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).81 rac Seexeba gansjadobas,
80
da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2001 wlis 19 oqtombris
ganCineba #3k/393-01
81
T.liluaSvili, saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTali, Tb. 2004,
gv.125
717
amis Semowmeba sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi inicia-

tiviT ar SeuZlia. unda arsebobdes mxolod mopasuxis
moTxovna amis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, mopasuxes Seu-
Zlia aseTi moTxovna wamoayenos mxolod im SemTxveva-
Si, Tu gansjadobis darRvevis Sesaxeb man mimarTa saa-
pelacio sasamarTlos an, Tu daadasturebs, rom sapa-
tio mizeziT ver daayena es sakiTxi saapelacio sasa-
marTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros.
muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio

saCivari
mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sakasacio
saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi
waradginos Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari,
miuxedavad imisa, aqvs Tu ara naTqvami uari
sakasacio saCivris Setanaze.
_ am muxliT mowesrigebulia Segebebul sakasacio

saCivarTan dakavSirebuli mxolod ori sakiTxi:
a) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba wardge-
nil iqnes 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi im dRidan, roca mowi-
naaRmdege mxares gadaeca sakasacio saCivari. imis
mixedviT, Tu ra wesiT moxda sakasacio saCivris gadag-
zavna mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis, am saCivris misTvis
gadacemis momentic sxvadasxvanairad ganisazRvreba
(ix. 70-e-78-e muxlebis komentaris danarTi) ;
b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeuZlia waradgi-
nos kasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxarem (sakasacio mopa-
suxem) im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mas uari aqvs naTq-
vami gadawyvetilebis sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze.
Segebebul sakasacio saCivarTan dakavSirebul sxva
praqtikul sakiTxebze am muxlSi araa miTiTebuli, rac
SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom Segebebuli sakasacio saCi-
vari zogierTi gamonaklisis garda unda pasuxobdes
yvela im moTxovnas, rasac saerTod sakasacio saCivari.
es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs.
718
a) Segebebul sakasacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba ka-

nonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio saCivris
sagnis Rirebuleba unda aRematebodes 50000 lars. igi
SeiZleba am Tanxaze naklebi iyos. es imas niSnavs, rom
masze ar vrceldeba agreTve 391-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli dasaSvebobis pirobebi.
b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari organuladaa
dakavSirebuli damoukidebel (ZiriTad) sakasacio sa-
CivarTan; Tu kasatori uars ityvis sakasacio saCi-
varze an sakasacio sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad da-
tovebs mas, maSin Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric
ganuxilvelad unda darCes.
g) Tu Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari wardgenilia
sakasacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi da misi Rirebuleba
aRemateba 50000 lars, maSin igi ganxilul unda iqnes,
Tu misi Semtani piri uars ar ambobs Tavis Segebebul
saCivarze.
Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Semtani piri iTxovs
aramarto damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris uaryofas,
aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mis sasarge-
blod Secvlasac da Tu es asec moxda, es ar iqneba
sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis principis darRveva.82
muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da

gadideba
davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebe-
buli sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansaz-
Rvra sakasacio sasamarTloze dauSvebelia.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo mowodebulia Seamowmos ga-

dawyvetilebis mxolod iuridiuli mxare, kanonis dar-
82
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv. 285-287; ix.v.xrustali -
Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari. Jurn. „samarTali“ Tb. 2001, #8, gv.15
misive naSromi - samosamarTlo samarTlis gavlena samarTlis
ganviTarebaze sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis magaliTze, Jurn.„adamiani
da konstitucia“, 2003, #4, gv. 49-55
719
RveviT xom araa gamotanili gasaCivrebuli gadawyve-

tileba.
rac Seexeba davis sagnis Secvlas an mosarCelis moT-
xovnis gadidebas, Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras an ki-
dev imis gansazRvras, Tu ra Tanxebi iqna mxaris mier
daxarjuli ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrule-
bis mizniT, rogorc wesi yovelTvisaa dakavSirebuli
axali faqtebis dadgenasTan da, aqedan gamomdinare,
axali mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevasTan, Semowmebasa
da SefasebasTan, rac sruliad SeuTavsebelia im fun-
qciasTan da im amocanebTan, romlebic sakasacio sasa-
marTlos winaSe dgas.
magaliTi:
erT-erT saqmeze kasatorma Tavisi sakasacio saCiv-
riT moiTxova binis nasyidobis xelSekrulebis baTi-
lad cnoba da mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis bini-
dan gamosaxleba.
sakasacio palatam binidan gamosaxlebis moTxovnis
nawilSi sakasacio saCivari ar daakmayofila da miuTi-
Ta, rom miuxedavad kasatoris moTxovnisa, sakasacio
sasamarTlo sadavo binidan mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis
wevrebis gamosaxlebis sakiTxs ver gadawyvets, vinai-
dan binidan gamosaxlebis Taobaze mosarCeles dadge-
nili wesiT ar miumarTavs sasamarTlosaTvis da aRniS-
nulze ar arsebobda sasarCelo moTxovna.
vinaidan sadavo binidan gamosaxlebis sakiTxi mo-
sarCeles qvemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi ar dauye-
nebia da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT qvemdgom sasamar-
Tlos msjeloba ar hqonia, cxadia, am sakiTxze sakasa-
cio sasamarTloc ver imsjelebda, radgan davis sag-
nis gadideba sakasacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia.83
83
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003 #8, gv.1973-1982
720
muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi

safuZveli
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo imsjelebs mxa-

ris mxolod im axsna-ganmartebaze, romel-
ic asaxulia saapelacio sasamarTlos gada-
wyvetilebaSi an sxdomis oqmSi. garda amisa,
SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi miRebul iqnes am
kodeqsis 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
„„v“„ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebi.
2. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtki-
cebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi
savaldebuloa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis,
Tu wamoyenebuli ar aris dasaSvebi da
dasabuTebuli pretenzia (Sedaveba).
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili krZalavs sakasacio sa-

samarTloSi axal faqtebze miTiTebasa da axali mtki-
cebulebebis warmodgenas. aseTi mdgomareoba mkveT-
rad ganasxvavebs sakasacio sasamarTlos saapelacio
sasamarTlosagan, romelsac SeuZlia axali faqtebisa
da mtkicebulebebis miReba da ganxilva, Tu es xels ar
SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad ga-
dawyvetas (ix. ssk-is 380-e muxlis komentari).
_ am akrZalvas efuZneba am muxlis pirveli nawilis
danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio sasamarTlos Seu-
Zlia imsjelos mxolod im faqtobriv garemoebebze da
mtkicebulebebze, romlebic wamoyenebuli iyo mxaree-
bis mier saapelacio sasamarTloSi da aisaxa Sesabamis-
ad sxdomis oqmSi an saapelacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).
gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens is faq-
tebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic saproceso norme-
bis darRvevas adastureben, Tu sakasacio saCivari
aseT darRvevas emyareba (ssk-is 404-e muxli).
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna araviTar SemTx-
vevaSi ar SeiZleba gagebul iqnes ise, TiTqos saapela-
721
cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT damtkicebulad

cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebulo iyos
sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, emya-
reba Tu ara es damtkicebulad cnobili garemoebebi
saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom yovel-
Tvis unda Seamowmos kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivar-
Si Camoyalibebuli moTxovna (pretenzia) imis Sesaxeb,
rom darRveulia ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawilis da-
nawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari) da gadawyvetilebaSi
ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu romel mtkicebulebebs emya-
reba sasamarTlos daskvnebi faqtobrivi garemoebebis
arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, an rom saqmeSi saerTod
ar aris aseTi mtkicebulebebi da gaugebaria, Tu ris
safuZvelze CaTvala man es garemoebebi dadasture-
bulad.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ar
Seamowmebs yovelive amas, Tu TviTon kasatoris mier
araa wamoyenebuli aseTi moTxovna, rac imaze migvaniS-
nebs, rom kasatori TviTonac aRiarebs sasamarTlos
mier damtkicebulad cnobil faqtobriv garemoebebs,
cnobs maT dadgenilad da dadasturebulad.
_ damatebiTi da dasabuTebuli pretenzia, ris Se-
saxebac miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, ar SeiZ-
leba gavigoT rogorc kasatoris mier mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mimarT raime axali materialur-samarTleb-
rivi moTxovnis wamoyeneba. sakasacio sasamarTloSi
ar SeiZleba arc sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, arc
sarCelis sagnis Secvla da arc Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvra (ssk-is 406-e muxli). damatebiT sakasacio pre-
tenziaSi igulisxmeba mxolod im saproceso normebis
darRvevaze miTiTeba, romlebsac kasatoris azriT, ad-
gili hqonda saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi ganxil-
vis dros da romelTa dasadastureblad SeiZleba mi-
TiTebul iqnes saqmeSi arsebul masalebze, an am darR-
vevebTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenil iqnes axali mtki-
cebulebebi.
722
magaliTi:
Sps `musfondma~ sakasacio saCivriT moiTxova saol-
qo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba im safuZv-
liT, rom sasamarTlom daarRvia samoqalaqo saproce-
so kodeqsis 106-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis moTxovna,
sxvagvarad Seafasa garemoebani, romlebic dadgenili
iyo samoqalaqo saqmeze kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadaw-
yvetilebiT, romlis ganxilvaSic igive mxareebi mona-
wileobdnen.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi mxarem miuTiTa da, Sesabami-
sad, waradgina amave sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Se-
suli gadawyvetileba, sadac igive mxareebi monawile-
obdnen da davis saganic dakavSirebuli iyo winamdeba-
re davasTan. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki samoqalaqo saqmeze
miRebul gadawyvetilebas (dadgenil faqtebs) preiu-
diciuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am (axal) davaSi, razedac
saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi sa-
erTod ar miuTiTa da ar ganixila isini saqmeze war-
modgenil mtkicebulebebTan erTad. mocemul SemTx-
vevaSi kasators gaaCnda dasabuTebuli sakasacio pre-
tenzia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT da igi
sakasacio sasamarTlom safuZvlianad miiCnia.84
_ damatebiT da dasabuTebul sakasacio pretenzi-
ad aseve miiCneva sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo sapro-
ceso kodeqsis 104-e muxlis pirveli nawilis darRve-
va, rodesac sasamarTlom mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ar ga-
moiZaxa da ar dakiTxa mowme, aseve, ar miiRo, ar gamo-
iTxova an saqmidan amoiRo iseTi mtkicebulebebi, rom-
lebsac gansaxilveli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis
arsebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. kasatori Tu aseT dar-
Rvevaze miuTiTebs, man es mtkicebuleba sakasacio sa-
Civars unda daurTos, raTa sakasacio sasamarTlom Se-
amowmos sakasacio pretenziis dasabuTebuloba.
84
723
magaliTi:
saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila apelan-
tis Suamdgomloba samemkvidreo saqmis gamoTxovis Se-
saxeb. sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi miuTi-
Ta: saapelacio palatam ise miiCnia saqmisaTvis warmod-
genili yvela saWiro dokumentacia srulyofilad, rom
ar gaiTvaliswina samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 135-
e muxlis moTxovnebi. aseve, ar Seasrula saproceso ko-
deqsis 137-e muxlis moTxovnebi da reagireba ar moax-
dina mxaris gancxadebaze anderZis siyalbis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlom mxolod daurTo Suamdgomloba saqmes da
ar ganixila. sakasacio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom war-
modgenili sakasacio pretenzia iyo safuZvliani, gaa-
uqma saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da saq-
me daabruna xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis.85
muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva
1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba sakasacio

sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxsenebiT.
2. momxsenebeli sasamarTlos moaxsenebs
saqmis viTarebas, saapelacio sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs. amis Semdeg
mxareebs eZlevaT sityva gancxadebebis ga-
keTebisa da dasabuTebis mizniT.
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadaw-
yvetileba gamoitanos saqmis zepiri mosme-
nis gareSe. sasamarTlom saqmis zepiri mos-
menis gareSe ganxilvis Sesaxeb winaswar unda
acnobos mxareebs.
1. sakasacio sasamarTloSi, ise rogorc saapelacio

da pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi, saqmis zepiri
ganxilva iwyeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT.
85
724
saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praqti-

kuli mniSvneloba im TvalsazrisiT, rom kasators da
mis mowinaaRmdege mxares eZlevaT SesaZlebloba ga-
arkvion, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo momxsenebelma mo-
samarTlem sakasacio saCivris moTxovna, safuZvlebi,
rasac es moTxovna emyareba da saerTod sakasacio sa-
Civris Sinaarsi, agreTve mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesage-
beli da misi Sinaarsi. Tu raime ar iyo sworad gagebuli
da gadmocemuli, mxareebs unda mieceT saSualeba daa-
zuston TavianTi sakasacio saCivrisa da Sesageblis
namdvili arsi da Sinaarsi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im sakiTxebis
wres, romlebsac Tanmimdevrulad unda Seexos mosa-
marTle, kerZod, sakasacio sasamarTlos momxsenebel-
ma mosamarTlem unda gadmosces:
a) `saqmis viTareba~, anu vin aRZra sarCeli da vis
winaaRmdeg, rogori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier da romelma mxa-
rem gaasaCivra igi saapelacio sasamarTloSi;
b) rogori gadawyvetileba miiRo saapelacio sasa-
marTlom da romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv sa-
fuZvlebs emyareba misi gadawyvetileba. imis gaTvalis-
winebiT, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkice-
bulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebu-
loa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis (ssk-is 407-e muxli),
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad da
srulad gadmocema, Tu romeli faqtebi cno saape-
lacio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT dadge-
nilad da romeli kanonis (materialur-samarTleb-
rivi normis) safuZvelze Seafasa iuridiulad es ga-
remoebebi. es aris sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarT-
lis moxsenebis erT-erTi yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo da
yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementi;
g) ra aris sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, gadawyveti-
lebis romel nawils asaCivrebs kasatori, rogoria mi-
si moTxovna, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli da
konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (ssk-is 393-
725
e da 394-e muxlebi). aqve sakasacio sasamarTlos mosa-

marTle unda Seexos sakasacio saCivris winaaRmdeg, mo-
winaaRmdege mxaris mier wamoyenebul werilobiTi Se-
sageblis Sinaarss.
_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis gamosvlis Semdeg sit-
yva eZlevaT mxareebs, kerZod, kasators da mis warmo-
madgenels, xolo Semdeg _ mowinaaRmdege mxaresa da
mis warmomadgenels. maT SeuZliaT daakonkreton da
daazuston TavianTi moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis Si-
naarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem raime Secdoma
an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is,
rac ukve Tqva momxsenebelma mosamarTlem.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi ganpirobebulia
sakasacio sasamarTlos funqciiTa da uflebamosile-
biT Seamowmos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mxo-
lod iuridiuli mxare _ xom araa gadawyvetileba gamo-
tanili kanonis darRveviT.
_ zogjer eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba marT-
lac kanonis darRveviTaa gamotanili, xolo zogjer
aseve araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba mi-
Rebulia kanonis moTxovnaTa zusti SesabamisobiT. Se-
iZleba aseT viTarebaSi marTlac ar iyos saWiro mxare-
Ta gamoZaxeba da maTi monawileobiT saqmis zepiri gan-
xilva. magram, rodesac gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetile-
bis iuridiuli mxaris, anu samarTlebrivi dasabuTe-
bulobis Semowmeba dakavSirebulia saqmis masalebis,
am saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis analizTan, an kasa-
toris mier warmodgenili damatebiTi werilobiTi ma-
salebi miuTiTeben iseT saproceso darRvevebze, rom-
lebsac SeeZloT gavlena moexdinaT gasaCivrebuli ga-
dawyvetilebis, rogorc faqtobriv, ise mis iuridiul
dasabuTebulobaze da sxva, agreTve, rodesac sakasa-
cio sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am saqmeze gamotanili
gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da gamotanil iqnes axa-
li gadawyvetileba misi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan
dabrunebis gareSe, aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saWiro
726
da mizanSewonili iyos mxareTa monawileobiT saqmis

zepiri ganxilvis daniSvna.
praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarT-
lo daadgens gadawyvetilebis gamotanas zepiri gan-
xilvis gareSe, magram zepiri ganxilvis aucilebloba
SeiZleba wamoiWras saqmis ganxilvis procesSi. aseT
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uflebamosilia axali ganCi-
nebiT daadginos saqmis zepiri ganxilva.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens saka-
sacio saCivris zepiri ganxilvis gareSe ganxilvas, sasa-
marTlo valdebulia amis Sesaxeb acnobos mxareebs.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seta-
nil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawilis ga-
uqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba sa-
qarTvelos konstituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlis
pirvel da mesame punqtebs. saqarTvelos sakonstitu-
cio sasamarTlos meore kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 3
ivlisis #2/6/205,232 gadawyvetilebiT ar daakmayofi-
la sarCeli da CaTvala, rom saqarTvelos ssk-is 408-e
muxlis me-3 nawili, romelic uSvebs sakasacio sasamar-
Tlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanas saqmis zepiri
ganxilvis gareSe, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos kon-
stituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlis pirvel da me-
same nawilebs.
ar iqneba interesmoklebuli aRiniSnos, rom sakon-
stitucio sasamarTlos am gadawyvetilebaSi moyvani-
lia adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarT-
los praqtika, romelic ganmartavs evrokonvenciis me-
6 muxlis debulebas saqmis sajarod ganxilvasTan mi-
marTebaSi. kerZod, „adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sa-
samarTlom saqmeze “Fredin SvedeTis winaaRmdeg” daad-
gina, rom ufleba sajaro sasamarTlo ganxilvaze moi-
cavs uflebas zepir ganxilvaze pirveli instanciis sa-
samarTloSi da es savaldebulo moTxovna ar vrcel-
deba zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebze”.86
86
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiis
2003 wlis 3 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqme #2/6/205, 232
727
T a v i L
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
muxli 409. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis

farglebi
sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Sec-

valos saapelacio sasamarTlo gadawyveti-
leba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxaree-
bi moiTxoven.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Seamowmos

gadawyvetileba mxolod sakasacio saCivris fargleb-
Si, e. i. mxolod im nawilSi, romelSic gasaCivrebulia.
zustad aseve, sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia
Secvalos gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, ra-
sac kasatori moiTxovs.
sauaresod Sebruneba dauSvebelia (ix. ssk-is 384-e
muxlis komentari). es imas niSnavs, rom sakasacio sasa-
marTlom an unda daakmayofilos saCivari masSi Camoy-
alibebuli moTxovnis farglebSi, an uari unda uTxras
kasators mis dakmayofilebaze. sakasacio sasamarT-
lom an unda gaauqmos (Secvalos) gadawyvetileba ise,
rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovs, an uari unda Tqvas
aseT gauqmebaze (Secvlaze). gadawyvetilebis samarT-
lebrivi Semowmebisas SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom igi
araswori da kanonSeusabamoa im nawilSic, romelic ka-
satoris sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad ami-
sa, sakasacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs da ver Secv-
lis gadawyvetilebas am nawilSi, radgan misi gauqmeba
ar uTxovia Segebebuli an damoukidebeli sakasacio sa-
CivriT mowinaaRmdege, anu iuridiulad dainterese-
bul mxares.
728
muxli 410. uari sakasacio saCivarze
sakasacio sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs

sakasacio saCivars, Tu:
a) kanonis miTiTebul darRvevas ara aqvs
adgili;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyveti-
lebas safuZvlad ar udevs kanonis darR-
veva.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo uwinares yovlisa, valde-

bulia Seamowmos, aqvs Tu ara adgili kanonis im darR-
vevas, romelic miTiTebulia sakasacio saCivarSi (ssk-
is 393-e muxli). magram sakasacio sasamarTlo araa Se-
boWili mxolod sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli kano-
nis darRvevis SemowmebiT. sakasacio sasamarTlos Se-
uZlia gascdes sakasacio saCivris farglebs da Seamow-
mos kanonis iseTi darRvevebic, romlebzec araa miTi-
Tebuli am saCivarSi:
sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
sakasacio saCivris moTxovnis farglebSi, magram am
moTxovnis farglebSi mas SeuZlia da valdebulicaa
Seamowmos ara marto am saCivarSi miTiTebuli darRve-
vebi, aramed kanonis sxva darRvevebic.
_ aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom, Tu
igi uars eubneba kasators saCivris dakmayofilebaze,
unda miuTiTos Tavis ganCinebaSi ara marto imaze, rom
kasatoris mier miTiTebul kanonis darRvevas ar aqvs
adgili da daasabuTos es, aramed imazec, rom kanonis
arc sxva darRvevas aqvs adgili.
magaliTi:
uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam Tavis ganCi-
nebaSi aRniSna: didi palatis azriT sakasacio saCivari
usafuZvlobisa da dausabuTeblobis motiviT, ar un-
da dakmayofildes, Tanaxmad samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis 410-e muxlisa da ucvlelad darCes Tbili-
729
sis saolqo sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis ganCine-

ba, radgan sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebul kanondarR-
vevas adgili ar hqonia da saapelacio palatam kanonis
marTebuli gamoyenebiTa da ganmartebiT, saqmis faq-
tobriv garemoebaTa swori SefasebiT gamoitana kano-
nieri ganCineba.87
muxli 411. sakasacio sasamarTlos

gadawyvetileba
sakasacio sasamarTlo TviTon miiRebs ga-

dawyvetilebas saqmeze, Tu ar arsebobs am
kodeqsis 412-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis saa-
pelacio sasamarTloSi xelaxla gansaxil-
velad dabrunebis safuZvlebi.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs pirobas, romlis arsebo-

bis SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZ-
lia miiRos gadawyvetileba saqmeze, ise, rom ar daab-
runos igi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan. amgvari piro-
baa saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis srulad da swo-
rad dadgena gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamom-
tani sasamarTlos mier da am faqtebis dadgena sapro-
ceso normebis darRvevis gareSe.
es iseTi SemTxvevaa, rodesac saqmis sworad gadaw-
yvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi dadge-
nilia srulad da sworad, e. i. faqtobrivi Tvalsaz-
risiT saqme mzadaa gadasawyvetad, magram araswo-
radaa Sefardebuli (gamoyenebuli) kanoni.
magaliTi:
uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da
gakotrebis saqmeTa palatam gaauqma saapelacio sasa-
87
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis gadawyve-
tilebani, 2001-2002, gv. 77-82.
730
marTlos gadawyvetileba da miiRo axali gadawyveti-

leba sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. ganCinebaSi miTi-
Tebulia: palata Tvlis, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi saq-
meze faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgenilia saproceso
normebis darRvevis gareSe da palata uflebamosilia,
miiRos axali gadawyvetileba. radgan mosarCele iT-
xovs mravalbinian saxlSi binis mesakuTreTa saerTo
sargeblobaSi arsebuli farTis gayofas, rasac saqar-
Tvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswi-
nebs, amitom mis sarCels uari unda eTqvas.88
muxli 412. saapelacio sasamarTloSi

saqmis dabruneba xelaxla
gansaxilvelad
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadaw-

yvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gansaxilve-
lad abrunebs saapelacio sasamarTloSi,
Tu:
a) saqmis garemoebebi saproceso normebis
iseTi darRveviTaa dadgenili, rom am dar-
Rvevebis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadaw-
yvetileba iqna gamotanili da saWiroa
mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva;
b) arsebobs am kodeqsis 394-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, garda aRniS-
nuli muxlis „„g“ da „e“ qvepunqtebisa.
iswinebul gadawyvetilebas sakasacio sasa-
marTlom safuZvlad unda daudos samarT-
lebrivi Sefaseba, romelic savaldebuloa
saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis. saqme xelax-
la gansaxilvelad SeiZleba daubrundes
saapelacio sasamarTlos imave an sxva Se-
madgenlobas.„
88
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #6 gv.1476-1479
731
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo araa faqtebis damdgeni

sasamarTlo. igi mowodebulia Seamowmos gasaCivrebu-
li gadawyvetileba samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e.i.
ramdenad sworadaa Sefasebuli iuridiulad sasamarT-
los mier dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi. es imas
niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Tval-
sazrisiT Semowmeba SeuZlebelia imis garkvevis gareSe
Tu ra Sefasda, anu romeli faqtebi Sefasda iuridiu-
lad. aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes,
rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans, Tu
romeli faqtebi CaTvala sasamarTlom dadgenilad da,
maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iuridiulad
an kidev, sasamarTlom iuridiuli mniSvneloba mianiWa
faqts, romelsac sinamdvileSi ar aqvs aseTi mniS-
vneloba, SeiZleba moxdes piriqiTac, sasamarTlom iu-
ridiuli mniSvneloba ar mianiWa faqts da ar dauSva
mis dasadastureblad mtkicebuleba, romelsac si-
namdvileSi aqvs aseTi mniSvneloba da bolos, sasa-
marTlom srulad da sworad daadgina saqmeze faqti-
uri garemoebebi, magram misca am faqtebs araswori sa-
marTlebrivi Sefaseba.
rogorc vxedavT, sakasacio sasamarTlos doneze
faqtebis dadgena ar warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarT-
los kompetencias da mxolod samarTalSefaseba
eqvemdebareba gadasinjvas, magram TviT samarTal-
Sefardebis gadasinjva SeuZlebelia im faqtiuri
garemoebebis gadamowmebis gareSe, romlebic sa-
marTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqts warmoadgens.
saqmis ukan dabruneba gansaxilvelad mxolod imi-
tom, rom saqme faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT mzadaa gada-
wyvetilebis misaRebad, magram saWiroa am faqtebis
swori iuridiuli Sefaseba - saqarTvelos kanonmde-
blobiT dauSvebelia. Secdomis gasworeba saqmis
faqtobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebriv Sefaseba-
Si - sakasacio sasamarTlos prerogativaa.
amitom, Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadaw-
yvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs ukan xelaxla gansax-
732
ilvelad man Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos

gadawyvetilebisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli
faqtobrivi garemoeba, romelzec mxareebi amyareben
TavianT moTxovnas Tu Sesagebels, ar iqna dadgenili
sasamarTlos mier (Secdoma faqtis iuridiuli mniS-
vnelobis SefasebaSi) an kidev, faqtis dadgenis (mtki-
cebulebaTa mopovebis) romeli saproceso wesebi iqna
darRveuli, an raSi gamoixateba konkretulad sapro-
ceso samarTlebrivi normis darRveva, romelmac ze-
gavlena iqonia gasaCivrebuli g adawyvetilebis sis-
woreze.
sakasacio sasamarTloebma yovelTvis mxedveloba-
Si unda iqonion, rom Tu maT gadawyvetilebebSi (gan-
CinebebSi) naTlad da garkveviT araa miTiTebuli gasa-
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an axali gadaw-
yvetilebis gamotanis samarTlebriv safuZvlebze, ase-
Ti gadawyvetilebebi ver Seasruleben sakasacio sasa-
marTlos verc individualur da verc sajaro intere-
sebis dacvis funqcias.
am muxlis pirveli nawilis „b“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad-
sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadaw-
yvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad
Tu arsebobs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erT-erTi ab-
soluturi safuZveli, garda 394-e muxlis „g“ da „e“
qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli safuZvlebisa, rodesac
sakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon gamoaqvs gadaw-
yvetileba saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dab-
runebis gareSe.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio sasa-
marTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas) gasa-
Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb safuZ-
vlad unda daudos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romel-
ic SeiZleba Seexebodes aramarto saproceso dar-
Rvevebis mniSvnelobis gansazRvras imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ra gavlena SeiZleba moexdina maT gasaCivrebuli gada-
wyvetilebis sisworeze, aramed materialur samarT-
lebriv darRvevebs, magaliTad imis Taobaze, rom saa-
733
pelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena samarTlis norma, Tum-

ca ar iyo dadgenili yvela faqtobrivi garemoeba, rac
aucilebelia am normis SefardebisaTvis. sxva sityve-
biT samarTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqti aris ara samarT-
lebrivi normis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli faqtebi,
aramed sasamarTlos mier dadgenilad cnobili
faqtebi. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saa-
pelacio sasamarTlos mier gasaCivrebul gadaw-
yvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseb-
is siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Se-
madgenlobis abstraqtul niSnebTan, normis azrsa da
SinaarsTan.
samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad
daudo sakasacio sasamarTlom gasaCivrebuli gada-
wyvetilebis gauqmebas, savaldebuloa saqmis xelax-
la ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis.
muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba

sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis
Semdeg saqme sakasacio sasamarTlos gadaw-
yvetilebis aslTan erTad ukan unda daub-
rundes saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos.
sakasacio saCivris Taobaze gadawyvetilebis (gan-

Cinebis) miRebis Semdeg saqme am gadawyvetilebis asl-
Tan erTad unda daubrundes im sasamarTlos, romlis
mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebazec iyo es sakasacio
saCivari Semotanili.
734
kari meaTe
kerZo saCivari
T a v i LI
kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis wesi
muxli 414. kerZo saCivris Setana
1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba sasa-

marTlos mier gamotanil ganCinebebze, mxo-
lod am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTx-
vevebSi.
2. kerZo saCivris Setana SeuZliaT mxa-
reebs, romelTa mimarTac gamotanilia gan-
Cineba, agreTve im pirebsac, romlebsac uSu-
alod exebaT es ganCineba.
1. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesSi, jer kidev

gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, saWiro xdeba sxvadasx-
va xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis ganCinebebis gamotana. zogi-
erTi aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarT-
lo gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da misgan gan-
calkevebiT. swored amitom uwodeben aseT saCivars
kerZo saCivars.
kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze dasaSvebia, Tu amas pir-
dapir iTvaliswinebs kanoni.
magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos sxva gan-
Cinebebze Sedaveba dauSvebelia. Tu ganCinebaze ker-
Zo saCivris Setanas ar iTvaliswinebs kanoni, aseT gan-
Cinebaze sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi SeiZleba Camoya-
libdes sakasacio (saapelacio) saCivarSi.
2. kerZo saCivris Setana ganCinebaze, roca es kano-
niTaa dasaSvebi, SeuZlia im mxares, romlis winaaRmde-
gac ganCinebaa gamotanili.
735
amasTan erTad, garda mxareebisa, kerZo saCivari Se-

iZleba Seitanos im pirmac, romelsac es ganCineba uSu-
alod exeba. magaliTad, pirma iSuamdgomla sasamarT-
los winaSe, rom dauSvas igi mesame pirad damoukide-
beli moTxovnis gareSe. sasamarTlom uari uTxra mas
Tavisi ganCinebiT. am pirs SeuZlia gaasaCivros ganCi-
neba, Tumca igi araa mxare, magram mas uSualod exeba
es ganCineba. rodesac ganCineba miRebulia mxaris Su-
amdgomlobis Taobaze, es mxare unda CaiTvalos im pi-
rad, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba. Tu sasa-
marTlos mier uari eTqva piris Suamdgomlobas mesame
pirad damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba ar-
sebobdes sxva piri, romelsac Seexeba es ganCineba. sa-
kiTxi imis Sesaxeb, exeba Tu ara gasaCivrebuli ganCi-
neba uSualod im pirs, romelic araa am saqmeSi mxare,
TiToeul konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda gadawydes sa-
samarTlos mixedulebiT.
magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio palatam uc-
vlelad datova saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba,
radgan, pirebi, romlebmac Semoitanes kerZo saCivari,
ar warmoadgenen arc mxareebs da arc iseT pirebs, rom-
lebsac uSualod exebaT gasaCivrebuli ganCineba.89
muxli 415. kerZo saCivris forma

kerZo saCivari Setanil unda iqnes weri-
lobiTi formiT im sasamarTloSi, romel-
mac miiRo gadawyvetileba.
_ ise rogorc sxva saxis saCivrebi (saapelacio,

sakasacio) kerZo saCivaric SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes
mxolod werilobiTi formiT da mxolod im sasamarT-
loSi, romlis ganCinebac saCivrdeba.
89
736
muxli 416. kerZo saCivris Setanis

vada
1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ganCi-

nebis gadacemis momentidan 12 dRis ganmav-
lobaSi. am vadis gagrZeleba dauSvebelia.
2. Tu ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswreboda
kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pi-
ri, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi
gamocxadebis momentidan.
1. kerZo saCivris Setanis 12 dRiani vada vrceldeba

mxolod iseT ganCinebebze, romelTa mimarT kanoniT
gasaCivrebis sxva vada araa dadgenili. am vadis gagr-
Zeleba dauSvebelia.
_ ganCinebis gadacemis momentad, saidanac iwyeba
misi gasaCivrebis vada iTvleba am ganCinebis aslis mxa-
risaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, rac unda
dadasturdes saTanado xelweriliT, an kidev, am gan-
Cinebis mxarisaTvis gadagzavniT 70-78-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT.90
2. kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba agreTve dasa-
buTebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tu
mis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanis
uflebis mqone piri, xolo Tu gamocxadda mxolod gan-
Cinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin unda gairkves, Tu
rodis Cabarda mxares dasabuTebuli ganCinebis asli,
anu misi gadacemis momenti.91
90
da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2003 wlis 21 martis ganCineba
#3k/365-03
91
737
muxli 417. kerZo saCivrisa da saqmis

masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom
sasamarTloSi
kerZo saCivari saqmesTan erTad gadaeg-

zavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos.
2006 wlis ivlisSi ssk-Si ganxorcielebuli cvlile-

bebisa da damatebebis Sedegad, gasaCivrebuli gan-
Cinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs TviTon
gamoasworos kerZo saCivarSi miTiTebuli da mis mier
daSvebuli Secdoma. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis manamde
arsebuli wesi SenarCunebulia mxolod sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze Se-
motanil saCivrebze (ix. 1971 muxlis komentari).
417-e muxlis Tanaxmad kerZo saCivari Seitaneba
gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi,
romelic am saCivars saqmesTan erTad dauyovnebliv
gadaugzavnis zemdgom sasamarTlos.
muxli 418. kerZo saCivris Setanis

Sedegi
1. kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeaCerebs im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas, rome-
lic sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli ganCine-
biT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.
2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia SeaCeros aseTi
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba. gasaCiv-
rebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sap-
roceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba Se-
uZlia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos an
saapelacio sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCiva-
ri mas gadaegzavna.
1. mTeli rigi ganCinebebisa, Tavisi xasiaTiT da Si-

naarsiT iseTia, romelTa safuZvelze raime moqmedeba
738
unda Sesruldes, raime moqmedebis Sesruleba unda da-

iwyos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aR-
srulebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ver SeaCerebs am gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas ( 270-e
muxli).
2. kerZo saCivriT gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTva-
liswinebuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba SeuZ-
lia am ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da zemdgom
sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCivari gadaegzavna mas.
_ gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sap-
roceso moqmedebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb gamotanil unda
iqnes ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos imis
Sesaxeb, rom moqmedebis Sesruleba SeCerdeba kerZo
saCivris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.
am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZo

saCivris Taobaze
1. kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba ga-
moaqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos.
2. ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganx-
ilvis gareSe. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadg-
inos kerZo saCivris zepiri ganxilvac, Tu
es saWiroa da xels uwyobs saqmis garemoe-
bebis garkvevas.
3. zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba kerZo
saCivris Taobaze ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel gvidas-

turebs, rom kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba gamo-
aqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos. mxolod igi wyvets sakiTxs
kerZo saCivris dasaSvebobis, misi dakmayofilebis Tu
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.92
2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs zemdgomi
92
739
sasamarTlos mier kerZo saCivris ganxilvis Tavisebu-

rebebs, romlebic SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
a) kerZo saCivari ganixileba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe.
b) orive mxaris mowveva da saqmis zepiri ganxilvis
daniSvna xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kerZo sa-
Civris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos es saWirod da mizan-
Sewonilad miaCnia. aseTi saWiroeba SeiZleba warmoiS-
vas iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac kerZo saCivris arsi-
dan gamomdinare aucilebelia zogierTi faqtobrivi
monacemis dadgena-dadastureba. magaliTad, Semota-
nilia kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze gadawyvetilebis da-
uyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetilebis da-
uyovnebliv aRsruleba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes gar-
kveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadasturebis SemT-
xvevaSi, kerZod, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis da-
yovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos gadam-
xdevinebels an misi Semdgomi aRsruleba SeuZlebeli
aRmoCndes ( 268-e muxli).
Tu kerZo saCivari saeWvos xdis im garemoebaTa ar-
sebobas, romlebic safuZvlad udevs gasaCivrebul gan-
Cinebas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia am kerZo saCivris gan-
xilvisaTvis daniSnos sxdoma (zepiri ganxilva) mxare-
Ta SetyobinebiT. sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa gamo-
ucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs saCivris ganxilvasa da
gadawyvetas;
g) kerZo saCivari SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawyve-
til iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, Tu sasamarTlos
miaCnia, rom kerZo saCivari dauSvebelia (gasulia ga-
saCivrebis vada, Semotanilia arauflebamosili piris
mier, araa gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi da a.S.), xolo mom-
Civanma ar Seavso xarvezi daniSnul vadaSi, an kidev,
dasaSvebi ki aris, magram aSkarad usafuZvlo da dau-
sabuTebelia.
3. kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli sasamarTlos, anu
zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba am kerZo saCivarze sa-
bolooa, ar gasaCivrdeba da dauyovnebliv Sedis ka-
nonier ZalaSi.
740
muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis

wesi
kerZo saCivrebis ganxilva zemdgom sasa-

marTloebSi warmoebs Sesabamisad am sasa-
marTloebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli wese-
bis dacviT.
_ garda im gamonaklisebisa, romlebic gaTvaliswi-

nebulia ssk-is 414-419-e muxlebiT, kerZo saCivris gan-
xilva warmoebs kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli zemdgomi
(saapelacio Tu sakasacio) sasamarTlosaTvis dadge-
nili wesiT.
magaliTad, aq miTiTebuli muxlebi ar iTvaliswi-
nebs kerZo saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis SesaZleblobas
da wess, magram, Tu kerZo saCivars gaaCnia xarvezi, rom-
lis Sevseba SesaZlebelia, an gadaxdili araa saxelm-
wifo baJi, saCivris ganmxilvelma zemdgomma sasamarT-
lom unda gamoitanos ganCineba am xarvezis Sevsebis
Sesaxeb da daniSnos amisaTvis vada. aseT wess iTvalis-
winebs ssk-is 368-e muxlis me-5 nawili da 396-e muxlis
me-3 nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
_ marTalia, kerZo saCivris ganxilvisaTvis konkre-
tul vadebs kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs da faqtiurad
amave muxlis daTqmis Tanaxmad, ssk-is 399-e, 372-e mux-
lebis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiTa da kanonis analo-
giis gamoyenebiT kerZo saCivris ganxilvisas unda vi-
xelmZRvaneloT ssk-is 59-e muxliT, ra drosac maTze
gavrceldeba sarCelis ganxilvis 2 Tviani vada. amas-
Tan, unda aRiniSnos, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi damk-
vidrebulma sworma sasamarTlo praqtikam calsaxad
gviCvena, rom saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sa-
samarTloebSi kerZo saCivris ganxilvis maqsimalur-
ma vadam, Tavisi sirTulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebe-
lia Seadginos 1 Tve. es ki realurad Seuwyobs xels
samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebis dacvas (ZiriTa-
di sarCelis kanoniT dadgenil vadebSi ganxilvas) da
741
am niSniT gamoricxavs am vadebis darRvevas. sasamarT-

loebis mier zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba bevradaa
damokidebuli kerZo saCivris droulad da rac Se-
iZleba swrafad ganxilvaze. kerZo saCivris gamar-
tivebulad ganxilvis wesebi, rasac kodeqsis es Ta-
vi Seicavs, swored am mizans emsaxureba.
742
kari meTerTmete
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba
T a v i LII
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
da misi ganxilvis wesi

ganaxlebis saxeebi
1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-

biT an ganCinebiT damTavrebuli saqmis war-
moebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod maSin,
rodesac arsebobs gadawyvetilebis baTi-
lad cnobis (422-e muxli) an axlad aRmo-
Cenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e muxli) gancxa-
debis wanamZRvrebi.
2. Tu sasamarTloSi Semosulia gancxade-
bebi rogorc erTi da imave, aseve orive
mxaris mier erTdroulad gadawyvetilebis
baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil ga-
remoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoe-
bis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva, vidre ar
iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadawyveti-
lebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis

warmoebis ganaxlebis or saxes:
a) gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobas da
b) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebas.
_ ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi saqmeebisa, ro-
743
melTa warmoeba damTavrebulia sasamarTlos kanoni-

er ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT.
aseT ganCinebebs ganekuTvneba ganCineba saqmis warmoe-
bis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-e muxli) da ganCineba
sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 275-
e muxli). am ganCinebebiT mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba.
igive unda iTqvas saapelacio da sakasacio instan-
ciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze da ganCine-
bebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba da ara
maT iseT ganCinebebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saape-
lacio an sakasacio warmoeba (magaliTad, ganCineba sa-
apelacio (sakasacio) warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb imis
gamo, rom apelantma (kasatorma) uari Tqva Tavis saCi-
varze (ssk-is 378-e muxli).
_ amrigad, baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil ga-
remoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqme-
bis obieqti SeiZleba iyos:
a) pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis kanonier Za-
laSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebebi, agreTve, ganCinebebi
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetisa Tu sarCelis (gancxade-
bis) ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb;
b) saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo-
ebis gadawyvetilebebi, ganCinebebi gasaCivrebuli ga-
dawyvetilebebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb, agreT-
ve, ganCinebebi saqmis warmoebis (da ara saapelacio, sa-
kasacio warmoebis) Sewyvetis Tu sakasacio saCivris ga-
nuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb.
_ sasamarTlo instanciebis yvela sxva ganCineba ar
SeiZleba iyos saqmis ganaxlebis mizniT baTilad cno-
bis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebis
obieqti, radgan maTi meSveobiT xdeba ara saqmis war-
moebis damTavreba, aramed calkeuli saproceso moq-
medebis Sesruleba, saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebu-
li calkeuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta.93
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs mxareTa gan-
93
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3,644-646.
744
cxadebis ganxilvis rigiTobas. Tu erTdroulad Semo-

sulia gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa
da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxle-
bis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom jer unda ganixilos gancxa-
deba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. rac Se-
exeba gancxadebas axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos ga-
moaqvs ganCineba am gancxadebis ganxilvis SeCerebis
Sesaxeb, vidre ar iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadaw-
yvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
_ aRniSnul gancxadebaTa ganxilvis amgvar rigiTo-
bas SeiZleba hqondes mxolod erTi gamarTleba: gadaw-
yvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-e
muxli), Tu maT sinamdvileSi hqondaT adgili, gacile-
biT ufro advili dasadgenia, vidre axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa dadgena.
_ Tu gadawyvetileba baTilad iqna cnobili da saq-
mis warmoeba ganaxlda, maSin axlad aRmoCenil garemo-
ebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gan-
xilva aRaraa saWiro, sasurveli Sedegi ukve miRweu-
lia, es gancxadeba ki ganuxilvelad unda iqnes dato-
vebuli.
_ Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveli
ar arsebobs, maSin sasamarTlom unda ganaaxlos axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
SeCerebuli gancxadebis ganxilva.
muxli 422. gancxadeba

gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)
baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb
ba dainteresebuli piris gancxadebiT Se-
iZleba baTilad iqnes cnobili, Tu:
a) gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileob-
da mosamarTle, romelsac kanonis Tanaxmad
ufleba ar hqonda, monawileoba mieRo am
745
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi;
b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri war-
momadgeneli (Tu mas aseTi warmomadgeneli
sWirdeba) ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxil-
vaze;
g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul interesebs uSualod exeba
miRebuli dgadawyvetileba, ar iyo mowveu-
li saqmis ganxilvaze.
2. gancxadeba aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT ga-
dawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb da-
uSvebelia, Tu mxares SeeZlo am safuZvle-
bis wamoyeneba saqmis ganxilvisas, Sesabami-
sad pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sa-
kasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.
1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad

cnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon mxareebma, mesame pi-
rebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve im pirma, ro-
melic, marTalia ar figurirebda saqmeSi, rogorc mxa-
re an mesame piri, magram kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawy-
vetilebaSi miTiTebulia am pirze da gansazRvrulia mi-
si ufleba-movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT, ris Se-
saxebac man gaigo am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg, kerZod, misi aRsrulebis stadiaze.94
_ es muxli iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis baTilo-
bis sam safuZvels:
a) mosamarTles ufleba ar hqonda monawileoba
mieRo gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvs im mosa-
marTles: romelic monawileobda am saqmis ganxilvaSi
(moiazreba sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloebi); ro-
melsac ganucxades acileba da es acileba miiRo sasa-
marTlom; romelic droebiT gadayenebulia (Camocile-
94
da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 19 Tebervlis gan-
Cineba #as-662-1323-03
746
bulia) samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisagan;

romelic ar aris am kolegiuri sasamarTlos Semadgen-
lobaSi da is ar SeuyvaniaT am SemadgenlobaSi kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT;
b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri warmomadgene-
li, ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. mxaris mow-
veva saqmis ganxilvaze unda ganxorcieldes ssk-is 70-
78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saqmis ganxilva erT-
erTi mxaris (kanonieri warmomadgenlis) gareSe, romel-
sac ar gaegzavna Setyobineba miTiTebuli muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT, warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis saape-
lacio (sakasacio) wesiT gauqmebis udavo safuZvels
(ssk-is 394-e muxli), magram Tu aseTi gadawyvetileba
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi da misi saapelacio (sakasacio)
wesiT gasaCivreba aRar SeiZleba, maSin daismis sakiTxi
am gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
_ am punqtis danawesi sworad unda iqnes gagebuli
im TvalsazrisiT, rom mTavaria mxares gaegzavnos Set-
yobineba ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, mag-
ram misi gamoucxadebloba verc saqmis ganxilvas daab-
rkolebs da verc gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZve-
li gaxdeba.95
g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanonier intere-
sebs uSualod exeba miRebuli gadawyvetileba ar
iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. praqtikaSi SesaZloa
adgili hqondes iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac piri marTa-
lia ar yofila saqmeSi Cabmuli arc mosarCeled, arc
mopasuxed da arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli sasar-
Celo moTxovniT, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT
ganisazRvra misi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi
mxaris mimarT (miekuTvna raime qoneba an ufleba,
daekisra moqmedebis Sesrulebis movaleoba erT-erTi
mxaris mimarT da a.S.), anu uSualod Seexo mis kanonier
interesebs da am dros ar iyo igi saqmis ganxilvaze
95
747
mowveuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive es gadawyvetilebis

kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis momentidan SesaZloa gaxdes
misi baTilobis safuZveli.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs baTilad cno-
bis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (gansaxilvelad
miRebis) pirobas. es piroba negatiuri Sinaarsisaa: mxa-
res ar SeeZlo baTilobis safuZvlebis wamoyeneba
procesis adre etapze, kerZod, pirveli, saapelacio
an sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, anu gadawyve-
tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde. igulisxmeba obi-
eqturi da ara subieqturi SeuZlebloba, magaliTad,
baTilobis safuZvlebis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxarem gai-
go mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg. ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos garemoebe-
bi, romlebic daadastureben gadawyvetilebis baTi-
lobis safuZvlebis am gadawyvetilebis kanonier Za-
laSi Sesvlamde wamoyenebis SeuZleblobas.
muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad

aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis
warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb

ba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganax-
lebis moTxovniT, Tu:
a) aRmoCndeba, rom dokumenti, romelsac
gadawyvetileba emyareba, yalbia;
b) dadgenilia mowmis Segnebulad cru
Cveneba, eqspertis Segnebulad yalbi dask-
vna, Segnebulad araswori Targmani, rasac
mohyva ukanono an dausabuTebeli gadawy-
vetilebis miReba;
g) dadgenilia am saqmeze mxareTa da maT
warmomadgenelTa danaSaulebrivi qmedeba
an mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba;
d) sasamarTlo ganaCeni, gadawyvetileba,
748
ganCineba an sxva organos dadgenileba, ro-

melic safuZvlad daedo am gadawyvetile-
bas, gauqmda;
e) mxare warudgens sasamarTlos kanonier
ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, romelic
gamotanilia imave sarCelis mimarT;
v) mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi gare-
moebebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic, ad-
re rom yofiliyo wardgenili sasamarT-
loSi saqmis ganxilvis dros, gamoiwvevda
misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis gamo-
tanas.
2. axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia am
muxlis pirveli nawilis à~-`g~ qvepunq-
tebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT, sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeze Tu arsebobs kanonier
ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeni.
3. am muxlis pirveli nawilis è~-`v~
qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT saq-
mis ganaxleba dasaSvebia, Tu mxares Tavisi
bralis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZlebloba
saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis mi-
Rebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli da imave sarCelze gamotanili ga-
dawyvetileba, an mieTiTebina axal garemo-
ebebsa da mtkicebulebebze.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs im garemoebaTa

CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saqmis warmoebis ganax-
lebas.
am garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba ganm-
cxadebels. man unda warudginos gancxadebis ganmxil-
vel sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic miTiTe-
bulia am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi.
_ im garemoebaTa CamonaTvali, romlebic SeiZleba
749
safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa da saq-

mis warmoebis ganaxlebas, amomwuravia da maTi wris arc
gafarToeba da arc Sekveca sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia.
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelo-
bis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb.
magaliTi:
sakasacio sasamarTlom, aseTi praqtika, rodesac ga-
dawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelo-
bis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, dauSveblad miiC-
nia da Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi ganmarta: samoqala-
qo saproceso kodeqsis 422-e da 423-e muxlebis mixed-
viT, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvne-
lobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, ver daedeba sa-
fuZvlad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas an axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxle-
bas, radgan aseTi gadawyvetileba miRebulia udavo
warmoebis wesiT, sadac ar arian urTierTdapirispire-
buli mxareebi, xolo samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
106-e muxlis Tanaxmad, damtkicebas ar saWiroeben faq-
tebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT samoqalaqo saqmeze
sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetile-
biT, Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive
mxareebi monawileoben.96
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im mtkicebuleba-
Ta CamonaTvals, romelTa meSveobiT dasaSvebia im zo-
gierT garemoebaTa damtkiceba, romlebic SeiZleba
safuZvlad daedos saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas. es
mtkicebulebebia: kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sisxlis sa-
96
750
marTlis saqmeze gamotanili sasamarTlos ganaCeni,

romliTac dasturdeba, rom dokumenti, mowmis Cve-
neba, eqspertis daskvna, Targmani, romlebic safuZv-
lad udevs gadawyvetilebas da maSasadame, romelTa
gareSe aseTi gadawyvetileba ar iqneboda gamotani-
li, yalbi da arasworia, an kidev, dadgenilia saxel-
dobr, am saqmeze mxareTa, maT warmomadgenelTa, ag-
reTve mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba. mxedve-
lobaSia misaRebi mxareTa da mosamarTlis iseTi ka-
nonsawinaaRmdego da sisxlis samarTlis wesiT das-
jadi qmedeba, romlis zegavleniTac moxda aseTi ga-
dawyvetilebis gamotana.
3. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan
am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom am
muxlis pirveli nawilis è~-`v~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTe-
buli safuZvlebi kidec rom dadasturdes (magaliTad:
mxarem warmoadgina anderZi mas Semdeg, roca gadawy-
vetileba samkvidro qonebis memkvidreebs Soris gana-
wilebis Sesaxeb ukve Sevida kanonier ZalaSi), am gadaw-
yvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba Se-
iZleba mxolod ori aucilebeli pirobis arsebobisas:
pirveli, faqti arsebobda gadawyvetilebis gamota-
namde, magram cnobili ar iyo manamde da meore, mxa-
rem ar icoda am faqtis Taobaze, amasTan, Tavisi bra-
lis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxil-
visa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros mieTiTebina
axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze.97

1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad
cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa
gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
Setanil unda iqnes gadawyvetilebis (gan-
97
da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 2 martis #as-25-341-
04 ganCineba.
751
Cinebis) gamomtan sasamarTloSi. gancxade-

bas ganixilavs gadawyvetilebis gamomtani
sasamarTlo im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac ar-
sebobs zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba am
gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Se-
saxeb. saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ganixilavs gancxa-
debas gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa
da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saq-
mis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, Tu igi
mis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebas exeba.
2. Tu gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTi-
lad cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoe-
baTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Se-
saxeb exeba erTsa da imave saqmeze ramdeni-
me sasamarTlo instanciis gadawyvetilebas
(ganCinebas), maSin igi Setanil unda iqnes
maT Soris yvelaze zemdgom sasamarTlo
instanciaSi.
1. gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb

Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis mier ga-
motanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cno-
bas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebas mo-
iTxoven. is garemoeba, rom am gadawyvetilebis ucvle-
lad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb arsebobs saapelacio
an sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, ar cvlis gans-
jadobas. gancxadeba, miuxedavad amisa, unda ganixilos
gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma da ara im sasamarTlom,
romelmac ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datova igi.98
_ sxva sakiTxia, rodesac saapelacio (sakasacio) sa-
samarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon gamo-
aqvs axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxa-
deba saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes saa-
pelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi.
98
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, 644-646.
752
2. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarT-

lom nawilobriv gaauqma qvemdgomi instanciis sasamar-
Tlos gadawyvetileba da gauqmebuli nawilis mimarT
TviTon miiRo axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Seta-
nil unda iqnes zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic Tvi-
Ton ganixilavs sakiTxs mTlianad gadawyvetilebis ba-
Tilad cnobis, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
misi gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ganmcxadebelma moiT-
xovos ara mTlianad, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod
nawilobriv gauqmeba, agreTve gadawyvetilebis im na-
wilis gauqmeba da warmoebis ganaxleba, romelic gamo-
tanilia zemdgomi an qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier. aseT
SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes im sasamar-
TloSi, romlis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis nawi-
lis gauqmebas da am nawilSi saqmis warmoebis ganaxle-
basac moiTxoven. gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs ssk-
is 430-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komen-
tari).
muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da ax-

lad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis war-
moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Se-
tana da misi ganxilva warmoebs saerTo we-
sebis dacviT, im gamonaklisebis gaTvalis-
winebiT, romlebic am TavSia dadgenili.
_ am TaviT (ssk-is Tavi LII, muxlebi 421-432) gansazR-

vruli gamonaklisebis garda, saqmis warmoebis ganax-
lebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs am kodeq-
siT dadgenili wesebis dacviT.
753
muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada
1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad

cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa
gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
Setanil unda iqnes erTi Tvis ganmavloba-
Si da am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba.
2. vadis dena iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac
mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda gadawyvetile-
bis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganax-
lebis safuZvlebis arseboba.
3. Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis
Sesaxeb gancxadeba emyareba 422-e muxlis
pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqts, gancxadebis
Setanis vada iwyeba im dRes, roca mxares an,
Tu igi qmeduunaroa, mis kanonier warmo-
madgenels ecnoba gadawyvetileba.
4. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da
axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis
warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis
Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis ka-
nonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis
Semdeg.
1. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

erTTviani vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba.
2. gacilebiT ufro didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba
aqvs imis garkvevas, Tu saidan iwyeba am erTTviani va-
dis dena. Tu mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganax-
lebis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-423-e muxlebi) jer ki-
dev gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, xo-
lo kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg es erTTviani vada
ukve gasulia, maSin am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax-
mad sasamarTlo ar miiRebs gancxadebas.
_ cxadia, rom kanonmdebels mxedvelobaSi aqvs va-
dis denis dawyebis sxva etapi: imisgan damoukideblad,
754
Tu rodis Seityo mxarem gadawyvetilebis baTilobis,

Tu misi axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebis
safuZvlebis Sesaxeb, gancxadebis Setanis erTTviani
vadis dena iwyeba gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Ses-
vlis Semdeg, radgan kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde sasa-
marTlosaTvis gancxadebiT mimarTva saqmis ganaxle-
bis Sesaxeb, alogikuri da dauSvebelia.
_ sxva sakiTxia, rom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis sa-
fuZvlebis Sesaxeb mxarem Seityo jer kidev gadawyve-
tilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde da Tanac iseT
dros, rodesac jer kidev hqonda SesaZlebloba Sesa-
bamisi saCivriT miemarTa pirveli instanciis, saapela-
cio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis, ris
gamoc sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mas gancxadebis
miRebaze da ganxilvaze, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs
ssk-is 422-e muxlis me-2 nawili da 423-e muxlis me-3
nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari). magram es xels ar
uSlis sakiTxis principul gadawyvetas: gancxadebis
Setanis erTTviani vadis aTvla SeiZleba daiwyos
mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg.
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis instituti arsebobs
mxolod da mxolod iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesac
gadawyvetilebis saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCiv-
reba aRar SeiZleba.
3. mxare (kanonieri warmomadgeneli), romelic saer-
Tod ar iyo mowveuli sasamarTlo sxdomaze, amis Sesa-
xeb Seityobs mxolod mas Semdeg, rac mas ecnoba gadaw-
yvetileba, e. i. rodesac mas Cabarda gadawyvetileba
uSualod sasamarTloSi, an gaegzavna kanoniT dadgeni-
li wesiT. swored amitom iwyeba vadis aTvla am dRidan.
sxva mxriv am SemTxvevazec vrceldeba yvelaferi is,
rac iTqva am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentarTan dakavSi-
rebiT, kerZod, vadis aTvla daiwyeba mxolod gadawy-
vetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, miuxedavad
imisa, Tu rodis Cabarda es gadawyvetileba maT.
4. xuTi weli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi Sesvlis dRi-
755
dan aris is maqsimaluri vada, romlis Semdeg gadawyve-

tilebis baTilad cnobis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemo-
ebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebis ar-
sebobis miuxedavad, aRar SeiZleba saqmis warmoebis ga-
naxleba.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seta-
nil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 426-e muxlis meoTxe nawilis
gauqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba sa-
qarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirvel punqts.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirvelma
kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetile-
biT ar daakmayofila sarCeli da CaTvala, rom ssk-is
426-e muxlis meoTxe nawili, romlis Tanaxmad “gadawy-
vetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil gare-
moebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gan-
cxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kano-
nier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg”, ar ewi-
naaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis
pirvel punqts.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi mi-
TiTebulia, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xang-
rZlivad gadasinjvis daSveba safrTxes Seuqmnida im
mesame pirTa interesebs, romlebmac ufleba SeiZines
imaTgan, romelTac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis sa-
fuZvelze ekuTvnoda igi. saqmis ganaxleba axlad aR-
moCenil garemoebaTa gamo warmoadgens gamonaklis Sem-
Txvevas. am gamonaklisis daSvebiT safrTxe ar unda Se-
eqmnas im zogad wess, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ga-
dawyvetileba aris saboloo, rom igi sabolood da Se-
uqcevadad adgens mxareTa Soris urTierTobebs. vina-
idan uflebis Sesaxeb dava yovelTvis qmnis am ufle-
bis ganusazRvrelobas, sasamarTlo valdebulia wer-
tili dausvas aseT mdgomareobas da gadawyvitos igi.
is, rac iwvevda konfliqts mxareebs Soris, sasamarT-
lo gadawyvetilebis Semdeg iTvleba dadgenilad da
udavod. dauSvebelia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamar-
Tlo gadawyvetilebis mudmivad eWvqveS dayeneba, wi-
756
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi safuZveli gamoecleboda sasa-

marTlosadmi sandoobis varauds. aravin ar aris daz-
Rveuli imisagan, rom axlad aRmoCenili garemoeba, ro-
melic eWvqveS daayenebs kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadaw-
yvetilebas, kvlav ar gaxdeba saeWvo.99
muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad

cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi
1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:

a) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust
dasaxelebas;
b) miTiTebas im safuZvlebze, romelTa
gamoc unda moxdes gadawyvetilebis baTi-
lad cnoba an saqmis ganaxleba;
g) miTiTebas im garemoebebze, romlebic
mowmoben, rom daculia gancxadebis Seta-
nis vada, da am garemoebebis damadasture-
bel mtkicebulebebze;
d) miTiTebas gansjadobis wesebis dacvis
Taobaze;
e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zomiT
da ra farglebSi moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli
gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa
da sxva gadawyvetilebiT mis Secvlas.
2. Tu gancxadeba ar daakmayofilebs am
moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo avalebs ganmcxa-
debels Seavsos xarvezi, risTvisac uniS-
navs vadas. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar Seiv-
seba, gancxadeba aRar daiSveba.
99
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirveli kolegiis
2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetileba #1/3/161
757
1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romlebsac unda Sei-

cavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yvela sxva ganc-
xadeba, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxade-
ba unda Seicavdes:
a) kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aramar-
to zust dasaxelebas, aramed agreTve Tan unda daer-
Tos am gadawyvetilebis asli;
b) imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria ganmcxadeblis moT-
xovna, im safuZvelze miTiTebas, romelsac ssk-is 422-
423-e muxlebis Tanaxmad ukavSirdeba saqmis warmoe-
bis ganaxleba (ix. am muxlebis komentari);
g) ssk-is 426-e muxli gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setanis vadas da misi
aTvlis wess. vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac
mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganaxlebis safuZv-
lis arseboba. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos imis
Sesaxeb, Tu rodidan gaxda cnobili ganmcxadeblisaT-
vis am safuZvlis Sesaxeb da ra mtkicebulebebiT SeuZ-
lia mxares am garemoebis dadastureba.
magaliTad, ganmcxadebeli, romelic moiTxovs gadaw-
yvetilebis baTilad cnobas, warudgens sasamarTlos
safosto gzavnils, romliTac dasturdeba gadawyveti-
lebis Cabarebis dRe (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
mxare, romelic moiTxovs axlad aRmoCenil garemoeba-
Ta gamo saqmis ganaxlebas, warudgens sasamarTlos ga-
dawyvetilebas an ganCinebas im dokumentis siyalbis Se-
saxeb, romelsac emyareba gadawyvetileba da a.S.;
d) saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba im sasamar-
Tlos gansjadia, romlis mierac gamotanilia gadawy-
vetileba da romlis baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCe-
nil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebasac moiTxoven (ssk-is
424-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, am kategoriis saqme-
Ta gansjadoba TviTon unda Seamowmos im sasamarTlom,
romelsac mxarem mimarTa gancxadebiT;
e) miuxedavad saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvle-
bis arsebobisa, mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos gadawyve-
tilebis ara mTlianad, aramed nawilobriv gauqmeba. ami-
758
tom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu gadawyve-

tilebis ra zomiT da ra nawilSi gauqmebas moiTxovs igi.
2. Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasa-
marTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba gancxadebis xarvezis Sev-
sebis Sesaxeb~. am ganCinebiT sasamarTlo uniSnavs gan-
mcxadebels vadas xarvezis SevsebisaTvis da afrTxi-
lebs, rom Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli,
gancxadeba ganuxilveli darCeba dauSveblobis gamo
(ssk-is 429-e muxli).100
muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba

gancxadebis ganxilvisagan
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa Tu ax-
lad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvaSi
dauSvebelia im mosamarTlis monawileoba,
romelsac kanonis mixedviT ar unda mieRo
monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi (422-
e muxlis pirveli nawilis à~ qvepunqti),
an romlis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis gamo
aRiZvris saqme ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~ qvepunqti).
_ savsebiT mizanSewonili da dasaSvebia, rom ganc-

xadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb imave mosa-
marTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgen-
lobam ganixilos. aseve savsebiT mizanSewonil, gasa-
geb da sruliad gamarTlebul gamonakliss iTvaliswi-
nebs es muxli, romlis danawesi ganuxrelad unda Ses-
ruldes.
100
susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2002, #12, gv.2435-2440.
759
muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis

Semowmeba
sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda Se-

amowmos, dasaSvebia Tu ara gancxadeba saq-
mis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. Tu ar arsebobs
gancxadebis daSvebis esa Tu is piroba,
sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT gancxadeba
ganuxilvelad unda datovos, rac SeiZle-
ba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.
es muxli avalebs sasamarTlos Seamowmos saqmis ga-

naxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSveboba. amisaTvis
sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aseTi gancxadebis yvela
winapiroba, kerZod:
a) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba uflebamosili pi-
ris mier (mxareebi, Tanamonawileebi, mesame pirebi da-
moukidebeli moTxovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, pirebi,
romlebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc
mxareebi, magram romelTa ufleba-movaleobebi gani-
sazRvra am gadawyvetilebiT);
b) daculia Tu ara aseTi gancxadebis Setanis erT-
Tviani vada (ix. ssk-is 426-e muxlis komentari);
g) xom ar aris gasuli 5 weli gadawyvetilebis kano-
nier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-4 nawi-
li);
d) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba kanoniT gaTvaliswi-
nebul moTxovnebs da Seavso Tu ara ganmcxadebelma
xarvezi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi (ssk-is 427-
e muxli);
e) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba sasamarTloSi gan-
sjadobis wesebis dacviT (ssk-is 424-e muxli);
v) SeeZlo Tu ara ganmcxadebels gadawyvetilebis
baTilobis pirobebis wamoyeneba pirveli instanciis,
saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi saq-
mis ganxilvisas (ssk-is 422-e muxli);
760
z) ganmcxadebels Tavisi bralis gareSe hqonda Tu

ara SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetile-
bis miRebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli
da imave sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, an mie-
TiTebina axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze (ssk-
is 423-e muxli);
T) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi, rasac iTval-
iswinebs 38-e muxlis „k“ qvepunqti da 39-e muxlis „v“
da „z“ qvepunqtebi.
_ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom ar
arsebobs saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaS-
vebobis esa Tu is piroba da ganmcxadebelma sasamarT-
los mier daniSnul vadaSi ar gamoaswora xarvezi, rom-
lis gamosworebac SesaZlebeli iyo, sasamarTlo gamo-
itans ganCinebas `saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Taobaze.~
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, gar-
da sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCinebisa.
_ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom gan-
cxadeba dasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRe-
bisa da am saqmis zepiri ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~,
romelic ar saCivrdeba.
muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva

1. Tu gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganax-
lebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, maSin sasamarT-
lom unda gansazRvros dro saqmis zepiri
ganxilvisaTvis.
2. Tu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad
aRmoCndeba, rom gancxadeba usafuZvloa,
sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ityvis
gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze, rac SeiZle-
ba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi.
3. Tu gamoirkveva, rom saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis moTxovna safuZvliania, maSin
761
gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas sasamarTlo

gaauqmebs Tavisi ganCinebiT.
1. saqmis zepir ganxilvas, anu sasamarTlo sxdomis

dRes sasamarTlo niSnavs Tavisi ganCinebiT `saqmis war-
moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebisa da am
saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~.
uwyeba sasamarTlo sxdomisa da saqmis zepiri gan-
xilvis Sesaxeb mxareebs egzavnebaT ssk-is 70-78-e mux-
2. sasamarTlos sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis dros sa-
samarTlo ikvlevs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesa-
xeb gancxadebis safuZvlianobas, e. i. imas, arsebobs Tu
ara ssk-is 422-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli ga-
dawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveli, Tu ganc-
xadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis komenta-
ri), an ssk-is 423-e muxlSi miTiTebuli safuZveli, Tu
gancxadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis ko-
mentari).
_ Tu ganmcxadebeli ver daadasturebs saqmis war-
moebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb mis gancxadebaSi miTiTebul
safuZvels (garemoebas), maSin sasamarTlo gamoitans
`ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ganc-
xadebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~.
es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamar-
TloSi, e. i. saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT.
3. Tu ganmcxadebeli daamtkicebs gancxadebaSi mi-
TiTebul saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvels, maSin sasamar-
Tlo gamoitans `ganCinebas gadawyvetilebis baTilad
cnobisa da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (ssk-
is 422-e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli gadawyvetilebis ba-
Tilad cnobas da am safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis ga-
naxlebas moiTxovda, an gamoitans `ganCinebas gadawy-
vetilebis gauqmebisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoeba-
Ta gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (ssk-is 423-
e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli am safuZvliT moiTxovda
warmoebis ganaxlebas.
762
am ganCinebiT, romlis gasaCivrebac ar SeiZleba, sa-

samarTlo niSnavs saqmis ganxilvis dRes (sasamarTlo
sxdomas), ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT.
muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva

gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqme,
romelzedac es gadawyvetileba iyo gamo-
tanili, Tavidan unda iqnes ganxiluli saq-
meTa ganxilvis Sesaxeb am kodeqsiT dadge-
nili wesiT.
_ imisgan damoukideblad, Tu ra udevs safuZvlad

saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas _ gadawyvetilebis baTi-
lad cnoba, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo am
gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, saqme, romelzec baTilad
cnobili Tu gauqmebuli gadawyvetileba iyo gamota-
nili, ganxilul unda iqnes Tavidan, e. i. ise, TiTqos
igi adre arc yofila ganxiluli, saqmis ganxilvis am
kodeqsiT dadgenili yvela wesis dacviT.

aRsruleba
saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ver
SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas. sa-
samarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT dro-
ebiT SeaCeros gadawyvetilebis aRsrule-
ba. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT sisruleSi
moyvana imaze iqneba damokidebuli, iZleva
Tu ara saqmis warmoebis momTxovni piri
Sesabamis garantiebs.
_ verc saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Seta-

na, verc am gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesa-
xeb sasamarTlos ganCineba da verc saqmis ganxilvis da-
763
niSvna ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRs-

rulebas.
_ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis SeCereba
SesaZlebelia mxolod amis Sesaxeb ganmcxadeblis Su-
amdgomlobis sasamarTlos mier dakmayofilebis Sem-
TxvevaSi, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs ganCineba im gadaw-
yvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, romlis ba-
Tilobas an gauqmebasac Seexeba gancxadeba.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebiT SeiZle-
ba garkveuli ziani miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares. ami-
tom, aseTi SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom Tavisi
iniciativiT unda mosTxovos ganmcxadebels mosalod-
neli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelsayofad Sesaba-
misi garantiebi (ix. ssk-is 57-e muxlis komentari).
764
samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali

da daskvniTi debulebani
muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo

saproceso kodeqsis amoqmedeba
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso ko-

deqsi amoqmeddes 1999 wlis 15 maisidan,
rodesac `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Tanaxmad
damTavrdeba saerTo sasamarTloebis sis-
temis Camoyalibeba da dainiSnebian am sis-
temis mosamarTleebi.
muxli 434. Zaladakarguli norma-

tiuli aqtebis nusxa
1999 wlis 15 maisidan Zaladakargulad
CaiTvalos:
`saqarTvelos ssr samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTve-
los ssr 1964 wlis 26 dekembris kanoni
(saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos uwyebe-
bi, 1964 w., #36, mux. 663), agreTve am
kanoniT damtkicebuli `saqarTvelos ssr
samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis kodeq-
si~.

kanonmdeblobis moqmedeba droSi
samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba sasamarT-

loSi xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso
kanonebiT, romlebic moqmedebs saqmis gan-
xilvis, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Ses-
rulebis an sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
aRsrulebis dros.
765
samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis amoqmede-

bas droSi awesrigebs agreTve am kodeqsis pirveli mux-
lis me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari).
muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamde

sasamarTloebSi miRebuli, jer kidev
daumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva
1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi, romlebic miRe-
bulia sasamarTloebSi 1999 wlis 15 mai-
samde, magram romelTa ganxilvac ar aris
damTavrebuli am droisaTvis, unda ganixi-
lon samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dad-
genili wesebis Sesabamisad im sasamarTlo-
ebma, romelTa warmoebaSic iyo es saqmeebi.
2. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze
1999 wlis 15 maisamde wardgenil sazedam-
xedvelo saCivrebs, romlebzedac sazedam-
xedvelo warmoeba damTavrebuli ar aris,
ganixilavs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamar-
Tlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotre-
bis saqmeTa palata.
3. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis
kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze
1999 wlis 15 maisamde Setanil sazedam-
xedvelo protestebs, aseve saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo pa-
latis Suamdgomlobebs ganixilavs saqarT-
velos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo,
samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata.
4. samoqalaqo saqmeebze pirveli instan-
ciis sasamarTlos mier 1999 wlis 15 mai-
samde gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi, rom-
lebic ar Sesula kanonier ZalaSi, SeiZle-
ba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
5. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier
766
pirveli instanciis wesiT ganxilul samo-

qalaqo saqmeebze 1999 wlis 15 maisis Sem-
deg gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi kanoniT
dadgenil vadaSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sa-
kasacio sasamarTloSi.
6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sa-
moqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqme-
Ta palata am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawi-
lebSi miTiTebul saqmeebs ganixilavs 408-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT, kolegiurad _ sa-
mi mosamarTlis monawileobiT. im saqmeeb-
ze Setanili saCivrebi, romlebic gansa-
kuTrebiT rTulia, aseve ganxilulia uze-
naesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo pala-
tis, samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegiisa da pre-
zidiumis mier, ganixileba palatis im wev-
rTa sruli SemadgenlobiT, romlebsac mo-
nawileoba ar miuRiaT saqmis ganxilvaSi.
es wesi ar vrceldeba uzenaesi sasamarT-
los sazedamxedvelo palataSi saqmeebis gan-
xilvaSi monawileTa mimarT.
7. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sa-
moqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqme-
Ta palatas zedamxedvelobis wesiT saqme-
Ta ganxilvisas SeuZlia saqme ar gadasces
xelaxla gansaxilvelad da miiRos gadawy-
vetileba 411-e muxlis Sesabamisad. sapro-
ceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxo-
lod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetile-
bis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevis
Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba
iqna gamotanili.
767
muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiuri

respublikis sasamarTloTa
gansjadoba
afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi sa-

qarTvelos iurisdiqciis srulad aRdge-
namde iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa dar-
Rveuli da sadavo uflebebis, agreTve ka-
nonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli intere-
sebis dacvas axorcieleben afxazeTis av-
tonomiuri respublikis sasamarTloebi maTi
samoqmedo teritoriebis mixedviT, saqar-
Tvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis I I I
Tavis moTxovnaTa dacviT, Tu mopasuxec
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria.

saqmianobis SezRudva samoqalaqo
procesSi
pirebs, romlebsac ar gauvliaT advoka-
tTa testireba da ar arian gawevrianebu-
li saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciaSi,
ekrZalebaT warmomadgenlis uflebamosileb-
is ganxorcieleba saapelacio da sakasacio
instanciebis sasamarTloebSi, garda sax-
elmwifo xelisuflebis organos, adgilo-
organos, organizaciebis TanamSromlebisa
- am organoebisa da organizaciebis saqmee-
bze.
768
muxli 441.
„ sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas

warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb„
saqarTvelos kanonSi Sesabamisi cvlile-
bebis ganxorcielebamde sasamarTloebma
SeaCeron mesakuTresa da mosargebles Soris
sacxovrebel sadgomTan dakavSirebuli
davebis ganxilva, agreTve SeCerdes
saaRsrulebo moqmedebebi da sacxovrebel
sadgomze mesakuTresa da mosargebles Se-
unarCundeT Sesabamisi ufleba-movaleobani.

uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba,
warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebis
gadacema da sakasacio saCivrebis
ganxilva
1. am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul saapela-

cio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas 2005
wlis 1 noembramde axorcieleben saolqo
da avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi
sasamarTloebi.
2. saolqo sasamarTlosa da avtonomiuri
respublikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier
2005 wlis 15 ivlisamde warmoebaSi miRe-
buli saqmeebi, romelTa ganxilva raionu-
li (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas
ganekuTvneba, gadaecema raionul (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos.
3. 2005 wlis 1 noembramde daregistr-
irebuli sakasacio saCivris ganxilvaze ar
769
vr vrceldeba am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis

me-2 da me-5 nawilebis moqmedeba.

ganxilva erTpirovnulad
1. 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde Setanili saa-
pelacio saCivari am kodeqsis me-14 mux-
liT gansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebriv-
samarTlebriv davaze, romlis Rirebuleba
ar aRemateba 10000 lars, aseve Sromis
samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili
davebi SeiZleba erTpirovnulad ganixilos
saapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqme-
Ta palatis mosamarTlem.
iswinebul saqmeebze dawyebul saapelacio
warmoebas erTpirovnulad agrZelebs saa-
pelacio (saolqo) sasamarTlos samoqalaqo
saqmeTa palatis is mosamarTle, romelic
gamwesebul iqna saapelacio sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo saqmeTa palataSi.
komentarSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebani
ss - saaqcio sazogadoeba
ssk - saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi
sus - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo
susg - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebani
Sps - SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba
770
koreqtori i. navrozaSvili
pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 50

sabeWdi qaRaldi, ofseti # 1 58X90, 1/16
beWdva ofseturi
fasi saxelSekrulebo
gamomcemloba `samarTali~,
Tbilisi, vaJa-fSavelas gamz. 45
stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~

gr. robaqiZis q. #7a

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Tengiz liluaSvili

meore gadamuSavebuli da Sesworebuli

© Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali

romelTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli.

meore gamocemis winaTqma

am komentaris pirveli gamocemidan arc ise didi

damateba iseT muxlebSi, romlebmac sul exlaxan

pirveli gamocemis winaTqma ............................................... IV

muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi

muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba ............................................. 76

muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis

muxli 88. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo

muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi

muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma .......................................... 242

muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri mtkicebulebis

muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi .. 309

muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis Secvlisa da

muxli 252. gadawyvetileba iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi

muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos

muxli 309 3. gansjadoba .................................................................... 531

muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis

muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis sasarCelo wesiT

muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi gankarguleba ................. 600

muxli 369. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada ........................ 632

muxli 393. sakasacio saCivris safuZvlebi .............................. 688

muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis wesi ................................ 741

samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali

muxli 440. warmomadgenlis saqmianobis SezRudva

muxli 1. gamoyenebis sfero

1. pirveli muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sa-

deqss, an im principebs, romlebzec es kodeqsia agebu-

Zveli, aramed am axali kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesa-

muxli 2. uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT

1. yoveli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofilia

1. me-2 muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia pi-

muxli 3. dispoziciurobis principi

1. mxareebi iwyeben saqmis warmoebas sasa-

sagans da TviTonve iReben gadawyvetile-

1. dispoziciurobis principi samoqalaqo saproce-

tobrivad dava mxareebs Soris SeiZleba gagrZeldes

deqsi ar iTvaliswinebda, magram aseTi ufleba gamom-

sarCelis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aRar

muxli 4. SejibrebiTobis principi

1. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs Sejib-

samoqalaqo procesSi cnobilia faqtebis dadgeni-

gansazRvra da am saganSi Semavali faqtebis damtkice-

me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia sami erTmaneTisagan

socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da

1. mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damouki-

ewinaaRmdegeba konstitucias, sasamarTlo

1. me-6 muxlSi Camoyalibebulia ramdenime mniSvne-

Rvrul SemTxvevebSi (saqarTvelos konstituciis 84-

uri wardginebiT, mis mier gamosayenebeli kanonis kon-

muxli 7. kanonisa da samarTlis

1. Tu ar arsebobs sadavo urTierTobis

warmoebis dros warmoSobil urTierTo-

1. es muxli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli nawili

uari saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze, miT ufro,

muxli 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs

sasamarTloebs gamoaqvT ori saxis dadgenileba: ga-

muxli 9. samoqalaqo procesis

saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis intere-