EXPERIMENT 1

Basic laws and aspects of DC circuits

Resistor’s Colour code:
The table below shows the color code of resistors to be applied in reading the resistor value from its
color code without using an ohmmeter.

1- 4 Band resistor

Example:

For the resistor shown find its value using the color code chart

1st digit (Black), 2nd digit (Blue), Multiplier ( Yellow), tolerance (Gold)

Therefore the value of the resistor is:

1
06*104 ±5% Ω

2- 5 Band Resistor

Example:

For the resistor shown find its value using the color code chart

1st digit (Black), 2nd digit (Blue),3rd digit (Yellow), Multiplier ( Green), tolerance (Gold)

Therefore the value of the resistor is:

064*105 ±5% Ω

Series and Parallel Resistor equivalents:

1- Series combination:

2- Parallel Combination:

2
Kirchhoff’s low:
1- Kirchhoff’s Current Low:
At any node (junction) in an electrical
circuit, the sum of currents flowing into
that node is equal to the sum of currents
flowing out of that node.

Adopting the convention that every

current flowing towards the node is positive and that every current flowing away is
negative (or the other way around), this principle can be stated as:

n is the total number of branches with currents flowing

towards or away from the node.
Where :
- i –i +i +i =0
1 4 2 3

2- Kirchhoff’s Voltage low

The directed sum of the electrical potential differences around any closed circuit must
be zero.

Similarly to KCL, it can be stated as:

Here, n is the total number of voltages measured.

Where :

v v v v
- 4+ 1+ 2+ 3=0

Voltage and current divider:

1- Voltage divider:

3
2- Current Divider