Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.

Termodinámica.

Homework #7. Using Entropy.

6.17. Two kilograms of water undergo a process from an initial state where the pressure is 2.5 MPa
and the temperature is 400°C to a final state of 2.5 MPa, 100°C. Determine the entropy change of
the water, in kJ/K, assuming the process is
(a) irreversible.
(b) internally reversible.

6.21. A quantity of air undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes in series.

 Process 1-2: constant-volume heating from p1 = 0.1 MPa, T1 = 15°C, V1 = 0.02 m3 to p2

= 0.42 MPa
 Process 2-3: constant-pressure cooling.
 Process 3-1: isothermal heating to the initial state.
Employing the ideal gas model with cp = 1kJ/kg•K, evaluate the change in entropy for each process.
Sketch the cycle on p-v coordinates.

6.30. Air initially occupying 1 m3 at 1.5 bars, 20°C undergoes an internally reversible compression
during which pVn = constant to a final state where the pressure is 6 bars and the temperature is
120°C. Determine
(a) the value n.
(b) the work and heat transfer, each in kJ.
(c) the entropy change, in kJ/K.

6.37. A quantity of air undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three internally reversible
processes in series.

 Process 1-2: constant-pressure compression from p1 = 12 lbf/in2, T1 = 80°F.

 Process 2-3: constant-volume heat addition to 540°F.
 Process 3-1: adiabatic expansion to the initial state.
Employing the ideal gas model,
(a) Sketch the cycle on p-v and T-s coordinates.
(b) If the cycle is a power cycle, determine its thermal efficiency. If the cycle is a
refrigeration cycle, determine its coefficient of performance.

6.50. Air is compressed from a state where the pressure is 0.1 MPa and the temperature is 27°C to a
state where the pressure is 0.5 MPa and the temperature is 177°C. Can this process occur
adiabatically? If yes, determine the work per unit mass of air, in kJ/kg. If no, determine the
direction of the heat transfer.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas

Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.
Termodinámica.

6.69. Two insulated tanks are connected by a valve. One tank initially contains 0.5 kg of air at
80°C, 1 bar, and the other contains 1.0 kg of air at 50°C, 2 bars. The valve is opened and the two
quantities of air are allowed to mix until equilibrium is attained. Employing the ideal gas model,
determine
(a) the final temperature, in °C.
(b) the final pressure, in bars.
(c) the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K.

6.103. Figure shows a 30-ohm electrical resitor located in an insulated duct carrying a stream of air.
At steady state, an electric current of 15-amp passes through the resistor, whose temperature
remains constant at 28°C. The air enters the duct at 15°C, 1 atm and exits at 25°C with negligible
change in pressure. Kinetic and potential energy changes can be ignored.
(a) For the resitor as the system, detremine the rate of entropy production in kW/K.
(b) For a control volume enclosing the air in the duct and the resistor, determine the mass flow
rate of the air, in kg/s, and rate of entropy production, in kW/K.

6.111. Air is compressed in an axial-flow compressor operating at steady state at 27°C, 1.3 bars to a
pressure of 2.7 bars. The work input required is 94.6 kJ per kg of air passing through the
compressor. Heat transfer from the compressor occurs at the rate of 14 kJ per kg of air at location
the compressor´s surface where the temperature is 40°C. Kinetic and potential energy changes can
be ignorated. Determine
(a) The temperature of the air at the exit, in °C.
(b) The rate at which entropy is produced withinthe compressor, in kJ/K per kg of air flowing.
6.116. At steady state, steam with mass flow rate of 10 lb/s enters a turbine at 800°F and 600 lbf/in 2
and expands to 60 lbf/in2. The power developed by the turbine is 2852 horsepower. The steam then
passes through a counter flow heat exchanger with a negligible change in pressure, exiting at 800°F.
air enters the heat exchanger in a separate stream at 20 lbf/in2, 1020°F and exits at 18 lbf/in2, 620°F.
kinetic and potential energy can be ignored and there is no significant heat transfer between either
component and its surroundings. Determine
(a) The mass flow rate of air, in lb/s.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas

Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.
Termodinámica.

(b) The rate of entropy production in the turbine, in Btu/s°R.

(c) The rate of entropy production in the heat exchanger, in Btu/s°R.
6.144. Refrigerant 12 enters a compressor operating at steady state as satured vapor at -5°C and
exits at pressure of 14 bars. The isentropic compressor efficiency is 75%. Heat transfer between the
compressor and its surroundings can be ignored. Kinetic and potential energy effects are also
negligible. Determine
(a) The exit temperature, in °C.
(b) The work input, in kJ per kgof refrigerant flowing.
6.150. Figure shows liquid water at 80 lbf/in2, 300°F entering a flash chamber through a valve at the
rate of 8000 lb/h. At the valve exit, the pressure is 42 lbf/in2. Satured liquid at 40 lbf/in2 exits from
the bottom of the flash chamber and satured vapor at 40 lbf/in2 exits from near the top. The vapor
stream is fed to a steam turbine having an isentropic efficiency of 80% and an exit pressure of 2
lbf/in2. For steady state operation, negligible heat transfer with the surruondings, and no significant
kinetic and potential energy efects, determine the rates of entropy production for the valve, the flash
chamber, and the turbine, each in Btu/h°R. Discuss.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas