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ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ
* /ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻟﻴﺱ ﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻥ ﻭ ﺇﺘﺸﺎﺀﺍﺕ
ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ
* /ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎﺕ.
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
• ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ
• ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ
• ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻟﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ
• ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻁﻊ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﻴﺴﺔ
• ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻁﺎﻟﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ
• ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻴﻥ
.1ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ:
OA=4; OD=8,4
OC=6; AB=3
ﺃ /ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻭلOB :
ﺏ /ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻭلCD :
ﺍﻟﺤــل:
) (DBﻭ ) (ACﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﻥ ﻓﻲO :
.
ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ (AB) :ﻭ ) (CDﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ.
ﺤﺴﺏ ﻁﺎﻟﻴﺱ:
4 OB 3 OA OB AB
= = ﺃﻱ: = =
6 8,4 CD OC OD CD
4 OB
ﻨﺠﺩ OB = 5,6 cm : = ﻤﻥ:
6 8,4
4 3
ﻨﺠﺩCD = 4,5 cm : = ﻤﻥ:
6 CD
ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ :ﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ
ﺍﻟﺤـل:
AN 7,5 AM 5,4
. = ﻭ =0,6 = ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻷﻭل= 0,6 :
AC 12,5 AB 9
ﺤﺴﺏ ﻁﺎﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻥ) (MNﻭ ) (BCﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﻴﻥ.
ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ :
ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻟﻴﺱ ﺘﺭﺘﻜﺯ )ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻁ.
ﻤﺜﺎل :
AM = AN = 1
AB AC 3
ﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ) (MNﻭ )(BC
ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﻴﻥ.
ﺍﻟﺘﻤــﺎﺭﻴـﻥ
/4ﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل،ﺤﻴﺙ
) (CE)// (BDﻭ)(EG)//(DF
ﺃ /ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ )(GC)//(BF
/5ﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺤﻴﺙ:
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ) (BMﻭ)(AC
ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺎﻥ.
ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ) (ABﻭ )(NC
ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺎﻥ
* ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥOA2 = OM x ON
EB2=AB2+AE2
EB2=122+52
EB2= 169
ED: /3ﺤﺴﺎﺏ
EB2= EF ,169
) (FCﻭ Eﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ )(FB ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ D :ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ
ﻭ )(BC) // (ED EB=13
ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻟﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ FBCﻨﺠﺩ:
AD = ABﻟﻜﻥAD = AB :
AE AC
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻴﻜﻭﻥAC = AE :
ﻭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜﻠﺙ ﻜﻴﻔﻲ . ACE