Structural Analysis of G+2 Residential Building

Introduction:
The structural analysis of the building should be done in various steps. The structure
should be considered with various factors depending on the plan drafted.
Basic Thumb Rules for Analysis
1. Always start the From the Top
2. While analyzing the structure- Imagine you are in the same floor. For example.

3. Always start from the slabs Beams Columns

4. Calculate Dead load/Self weight, Live Load, Service Loads for all components
first and then do the design.
5. Calculate all the loads using Moment Distribution Method.
6. Loads acting on the 2nd floor slabs and beam won’t act on the slabs and beams
of the 1st floor. Similarly on the ground floor.
7. Follow Limit State Method of analysis.
8. Designing and analysis, if done for critical Section, it can be applicable for the
rest.
9. For easy analysis Assume
a. Thickness Of Slab- 120mm*
b. Beam Dimension- 300 X 300*
c. Column Dimension- 230 X 230*
*- Subject to Change in case it is unsafe after analysis
Slab Load Calculation and Analysis
1. Calculate the Dead Load/ Self weight, Live Load acting on the Slab
2. Assume width of Slab = 1m

3. Consider the walls crossing the slab as supports.

4. Using Moment distribution method, calculate the Mid Span moments and the
end Moments.
5. Repeat the same for the other floors also.
6. Draw the BMD & SFD.
Kindly use the excel sheet for calculating the moments.
Don’t consider slabs for small areas.

Results-
- Ultimate moments1 of the slabs will be calculated.
Design of Slabs
- Find Centre of Gravity Depth “xa “
- Using “xa “ Find the neutral axis depth “Z”
- Using “Z”- Find the moment capacity
1. If the moment capacity is less than the Ultimate moment1 then change the
assumed thickness of slab and restart from Analysis- calculation of load
2. If the moment capacity is greater than the Ultimate moment1 then the slab
is safe- proceed for reinforcement calculation.
3. Assume – the diameter of major reinforcement as – 10mm and minor
reinforcement as 8mm
4. Check for Moment with Area of Steel from the formula.
Beam Load Calculation and Analysis
1. Calculate the Dead Load/ Self weight, Live Load acting on the Beam (dead load=
Slab load + Self weight)
2. Assume the dimensions of beam – 300 X 300
3. Loading area consideration

4. According to the Loading area, find the load acting on each beam. The Center
beams, will bear the highest loads.
5. Using moment distribution method, find the end moments and the mid span
moments1
6. Using the Moment values, also fid the reactions at each supports.
7. Draw the BMD & SFD.
Results-
- Ultimate moments1 of the beams will be calculated.
Design of Beams
- Find Centre of Gravity Depth “xa “
- Using “xa “ Find the neutral axis depth “Z”
- Using “Z”- Find the moment capacity
- If the moment capacity is less than the Ultimate moment1 then change
the assumed thickness of slab and restart from Analysis- calculation of load
If the moment capacity is greater than the Ultimate moment1 then the
beam is safe- proceed for reinforcement calculation.
5. Assume – the diameter of– 10mm and stirrup as 8mm
6. Check for Moment with Area of Steel from the formula.

Column Load Calculation and Analysis

1. Calculate the Dead load/Self wt and Live load acting on the column. Dead load
of 1st floor = Total Dead load on 2nd floor + Dead load on the 1st floor beam
and slab.
2. Assume dimensions of the Column – 230X230 mm2.
3. Loading area consideration

4. According to the Loading area, find the load acting on each Column. Using
moment distribution method, find the end moments and the mid span
moments1
 5. Using the Moment values, also find the reactions at each supports.
6. After completing one floor, add the load values, from the top floor, to the
bottom floor. The loads on the ground floor columns will be the highest.

Results-
Ultimate moments1 of the columns will be calculated.

Design of Columns
- Find Centre of Gravity Depth “xa “
- Using “xa “ Find the neutral axis depth “Z”
- Using “Z”- Find the moment capacity
- If the moment capacity is less than the Ultimate moment1 then change
the assumed thickness of column and restart from Analysis- calculation of
load
- If the moment capacity is greater than the Ultimate moment1 then the
column is safe- proceed for reinforcement calculation.
7. Assume –diameter of rods– 10mm and stirrup as 8mm
8. Check for Moment with Area of Steel from the formula.
Foundation Load calculation and Analysis
1. Find the Area of Foundation using the Ultimate load from the Critical
column and compare with SBC.
2. Assume the depth of Foundation, in reference with the SBC – Safe bearing
capacity of the soil.
3. Make sure that the site is on Natural ground before using IS code values
for SBC.
4. For load consideration, take the foundation as a cantilever structure, and
using Moment distribution method, calculate the Moments.
Result:
Ultimate Moment1 of the Foundation is calculated.
Design of Foundation:
Calculate Moment capacity using the IS code Formula.
- If the Moment Capacity is less than the Ultimate moment1 of the Foundation,
then change the value of depth of foundation.
- If Moment capacity is Greater than Ultimate moment1 , then proceed with the
reinforcement details.
- Assume dia of the rods – 16mm for main reinforcement, and 12mm for lateral
reinforcement. Provide necessary spacing.