COLUMN BASES

Lecture No. 2

Reference: Steel Structures by Z.A.Siddiqi 1

 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
1. Calculate the eccentricity e from the known values of Pu and Mu
2. Determine bearing stress by selecting some reasonable A2/A1 ratio

𝐴1
𝐹𝑃 = 0.85∅𝑐 𝑓𝑐′ ≤ 1.7∅𝑐 𝑓𝑐′
𝐴2

3. Calculate approximate area of the base plate required as under

𝑃𝑢 + 10𝑀𝑢 (in meter units)

𝐴1 =
𝐹𝑝

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
4. Assume a plate size N x B, reasonably depending upon the amount of
eccentricity of the load. Usually N is taken as high as two times the
eccentricity when anchor bolts are used.
5. If e < N/6, design by steps 6 & 7 otherwise move to step 8.
6. Calculate f1 and if f1 >Fp increase the plate size and revise the calculation.

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
7. Calculate the cantilever length m and calculate bending moment acting on
1 mm strip of the plate (Mplu) due to bearing pressure. Further, calculate the
required plate thickness.

Bearing stress at the critical section

(𝑓1 − 𝑓2 )
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓1 − ×𝑚
𝑁

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
→ Bending Moment, Mplu
𝑓𝑐 × 𝑚2 (𝑓1 − 𝑓𝑐 ) × 𝑚2
𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑢 = + (𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚)
2 3

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
→ Calculate base plate thickness

4𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑢
𝑡𝑝 =
0.90𝐹𝑦

8. Calculate l (larger of n & n’) just like an axially loaded base plate with
pressure f1 and find tp as under
2𝑓1
𝑡𝑝 = l
0.90𝐹𝑦

 The recommended minimum value of tp for stiffness is l/4

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
9. If e > N/2 anchor bolts are required. The distance A is then calculated
using the applicable equation using f1 equal to Fp.

10. Determine the total force in the anchor bolts.

Tu = f1AB/2 – Pu

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
11. Calculate m, Mplu and tp as follows:
→ Moment from plate bearing side, Mplu
m = (N  0.95 d) / 2
Case I: A > m
𝑓1
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓1 − × 𝑚
𝐴

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
11. Calculate m, Mplu and tp as follows:
Case I: A > m
𝑓𝑐 × 𝑚2 (𝑓1 − 𝑓𝑐 ) × 𝑚2
𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑢 = + (𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚)
2 3

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
Case II: A < m
𝑓1 × 𝐴 𝐴
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑢 = 𝑚− 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚
2 3

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
→ Moment from Anchor bolt side, Mplu
The plate width over which the anchor bolt force is
spread is assumed based on the load spreading out
at 45° angle towards the critical plane as shown in
Fig.1. This width is equal to the distance from the
bolt to the critical section for each bolt (l1) plus
smaller of this distance and the bolt edge distance.

Total effective width for the anchor bolt:

We = l1 + smaller of l1 and w Figure 1
𝑇𝑢 (Spreading of anchor bolt force
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑢 = ( × 𝑙1 )/𝑊𝑒 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚 on the bearing plate)
𝑛𝑏
Where nb is number of bolts on tension face
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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
→ Moment from Anchor bolt side, Mplu
𝑇𝑢
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑢 = ( × 𝑙1 )/𝑊𝑒 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚
𝑛𝑏

Where nb is number of bolts on tension face

The maximum value of Mplu out of the above two values

is used to calculate the required base plate thickness:

4𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑢
𝑡𝑝 = Figure 1
0.90𝐹𝑦 (Spreading of anchor bolt force
on the bearing plate)

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Procedure For Design
12. The base plate thickness is taken as the larger value out of the calculated
values :

2𝑓1
𝑡𝑝 = l 1
0.90𝐹𝑦

4𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑢
𝑡𝑝 = 2
0.90𝐹𝑦

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
A W200x26.6 column is assumed fixed at the bottom for the analysis and
design. The service axial dead and live loads are 100kN and 165kN,
respectively. The bending is about he strong axis and the service dead
and live loads moment at the bottom of the column are 20 and 35 kN-m,
respectively. The ratio of the concrete to base plate area (A2/A1) is 2.0.
Design the base plate for the column using A36 steel. Concrete strength,
fc’ is 20 MPa.

Pu = 1.2(100)+1.6(165) = 384 kN
Mu = 1.2(20)+1.6(35) = 80 kN-m
e = 80/384 x 1000 = 208 mm

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
𝐹𝑝 = 0.85 × 0.65 × 20 × 2 ≤ 1.7 × 0.65 × 20

Fp = 15.63 ≤ 22.10
= 15.63 MPa
𝑃𝑢 + 10𝑀𝑢 (in meter units)
𝐴1 = = 75,752 mm2
𝐹𝑝

Assume a base plate size of 350 x 350 mm

N/6 = 58.3 mm, N/2 = 175 mm

e = 208 mm → e > N/2, anchor bolts are required
Assume that anchor bolts are placed at an edge distance of 40 mm
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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
N’ = 350-40 = 310 mm A’ = 350/2 – 40 = 135 mm
Let f1 = Fp = 15.63 MPa
F = f1(BN’)/2 = 847,928 N

A = 197 mm (sufficiently lesser than N’)

Tu = f1AB/2 – Pu = 154,844 N = 54.8 kN

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
For the column section, d = 207mm , bf = 133 mm
Thickness of Base plate

2𝑓1
𝑡𝑝 = l 1
0.90𝐹𝑦

n = (350-0.8x133)/2 = 121.8 mm
1
n = d bf = 41.5 mm
4
l = max (n & n’) = 121.8 mm
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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
Thickness of Base plate

2𝑓1
𝑡𝑝 = l = 45.4 mm
0.90𝐹𝑦

→ Moment from plate bearing side, Mplu

m = (350-0.95x207)/2 = 76.7 mm

A>m
𝑓1
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓1 −
𝐴
×𝑚 = 15.63-(15.63/197)x76.7 = 9.54 MPa

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
A>m
𝑓1
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑓1 −
𝐴
×𝑚 = 15.63-(15.63/197)x76.7 = 9.54 MPa
𝑓𝑐 × 𝑚2 (𝑓1 − 𝑓𝑐 ) × 𝑚2
𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑢 = + (𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚)
2 3

Mplu = 40004 N-mm/mm

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
→ Moment from Anchor bolt side, Mplu
Distance of anchor bolt from critical section
l1 = m-40 = 36.7 mm
Total effective width for the anchor bolt:
We = 36.7 + 36.7 = 73.4 mm
Figure 1
𝑇𝑢 (Spreading of anchor bolt force
𝑀𝑝𝑙 𝑢 = ( × 𝑙1 )/𝑊𝑒 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚 on the bearing plate)
𝑛𝑏

Mplu = ((154844/2) x 36.7)/73.4= 38711 N-mm/mm

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
Mplu = larger of the two
Mplu = 40004 N-mm/mm
→ Thickness of Base plate

4𝑀𝑝𝑙𝑢
𝑡𝑝 = = 26.7 mm
0.90𝐹𝑦

Say 50mm (larger of the two values calculated above)

Use a 350 x 350 x 50 mm Base Plate

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
Bolt Design
𝜋 2 𝑇𝑢
𝑑 = , Where, Φt = 0.75, Nbt = number of blots on the tension side
4 0.75∅𝑡 𝐹𝑢 𝑁𝑏𝑡

𝑇𝑢
𝑑= = 20.97 mm, say 22 mm
0.44𝐹𝑢 𝑁𝑏𝑡

ΦtTn = 0.75 x 0.75 x 400 x (π/4) x 222 = 85530 N for one bolt
∅𝑡 𝑇𝑢 /2
Hook length = 𝐿ℎ = 0.7𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑

= 139 mm say 150 mm

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 Column Bases

COLUMN BASES
Base Plate subjected to Moment
 Example
Bolt Design
Embedded Length = 12 x d = 12 x 22 = 264 mm, say 300 mm
Total length of hooked bolt = 100 + 300 + 150 = 550 mm

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