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8 - Kaplan Turbines PDF
8 - Kaplan Turbines PDF
Jebba, Nigeria
D0 = 8,5 m
De = 7,1 m *Q = 376 m3/s
Di = 3,1 m *H = 27,6 m
B0 = 2,8 m *P = 96 MW
Machicura, CHILE
*Q = 144 m3/s
*H = 36,7 m
*P = 48 MW
D0 = 7,2 m
De = 4,2 m
Di = 1,9 m
B0 = 1,3 m
Outlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet
draft tube runner runner guide vane guide vane
Hydraulic efficiency
Hydraulic efficiency ηh
Flow rate Q
Hill chart
u1
v1 u2
c1
c2 v2
u 1 ⋅ c u1 − u 2 ⋅ c u 2
ηh =
g⋅H
Pressure distribution and
torque
Lift
Drag
L
Torque
Arm
1
FL = C L ⋅ ⋅ ρ ⋅ V 2 ⋅ A
2
1
FD = C D ⋅ ⋅ ρ ⋅ V 2 ⋅ A
2
FLift
FDrag
α v
LChord
4
Blade profile data
CD
CL
Angle of attack
Angle of attack
δ
v∞
Average relative
velocity
Pressure distribution and
torque
Suction side
Pressure side
Single profile
Cascade
1.0
0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0
>
Ω
Qn =
Π⋅ D −d
⋅ c1m
( 2 2
)
4
⇓
Qn ⋅ 4
D=
Π ⋅ c1m
Height of the guide vanes
and runner diameter
P
0.7
ns = n ⋅ 54
0.6
H n
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
Gap between hub and ring
and the runner blades
0.90
Virkningsgrad
Efficiency
s = x 10-3 d
0.85
0.80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Spalteåpning
Gap x =1000s/D
Runaway speed
2.6
Rusningstall/normalturtall
ϕ2 ϕ1
2.4
Runaway speed
ϕ3
ϕ4
2.2
ϕ5
ϕ6 Voit h
2
0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0
Cavitation coefficient σ
kavitasjonskoeffisient
10 − H S
σ=
H
The figure shows different runaway speed at
different runner blade openings. The runaway speed
is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figure
Hill chart
Example
• Find the dimensions D, d and Bo
n ⋅ 2 ⋅ Π 125 ⋅ 2 ⋅ Π
ω= = = 13,1 rad
60 60 s
ω 13,1 rad
ω= = s = 0,74 m −1
2 ⋅ g ⋅ H 17,7 m
s
3
120 m
Q s = 6,78 m 2
Qn = =
2 ⋅ g ⋅ H 17,7 m
s
o
Ω = ω ⋅ Q n = 0,74 ⋅ 6,78 = 1,93
Diameter, D:
c1m = 0,12 + 0,18 ⋅ Ω = 0,467
o
Qn ⋅ 4 6,78 ⋅ 4
D= = = 4,3 m
Π ⋅ c1m Π ⋅ 0,467
Diameter, d:
P 22826 Hp
ns = n ⋅ = 125rpm ⋅ = 590
H n5 4 16m 54
0.7
0.6
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
d
= 0,45 ⇒ d = D ⋅ 0,45 = 1,9 m
D
Height, B:
0.7
0.6
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
BO
= 0,41 ⇒ BO = D ⋅ 0,41 = 1,76 m
D
Number of vanes, z:
Number of blades z
l
= 0,95
t
z=5