4.

0 THEORY

Flow over Weirs

Weirs are hydraulic structures consisting of an obstruction placed across a water channel with a
specially shaped opening or notch. The weir structure will increase the water level, which will be
measured. Water level-discharge relationships are available for standard-shaped openings or notches.

Two types of weirs are widely used:

1. Rectangular shape opening.

2. V-notch.

Stilling baffle is used to ensure minimum turbulence. The stilling baffle will act as a reservoir to
collect water volume and slowly disperse the water from the opening at the bottom of the stilling
baffle.

Types of Weirs Rectangular Weir

The rectangular weir is able to measure higher flows than the v-notch weir and over a wider
operating range.

B, 33mm

3
2
Q= C d B √2 g H 2
3

Where, Cd = Coefficient of discharge

B = Width of notch

H = Head above bottom of notch

Q =Flow rate
V-Notch

The V-notch weir is a notch with a V shape opening. V-notch weir is typically used to measure low
flows within a narrow operating range. Typical C d values for V-notch are in the range of 0.58 to 0.62.

50mm
90 °

8 θ 5
Q = Cd √ 2 g tan H 2
15 2

Where, Cd = Coefficient of discharge

θ
=Half the enclosed angle of the vee
2

H = Head above bottom notch

Q = Flow Rate
5.0 MATERIAL AND APPARATUS

MATERIAL

1) Water

APPARATUS

1) F1-13 Stilling baffle

2) Rectangular notch

3) V- notch

4) Stopwatch

5) Spirit level

6) F1-10 Hydraulics Bench

 Stilling baffle
 Vernier
 Hook
 Weir plate
 Hydraulic bench
 Flow control valve
 Water channel
 Sump tank