Accelerated Physics

Momentum

By

Suparuek Saetoen
Phatsakorn Rodphol
Watcharit Polsen

Accelerated Physics 1101

Ms. Susana Alulod
Mahidol University International
Demonstration School
Semester 1 Academic year 2017-2018
Objectives:
- To understand the concept of momentum
- To demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Momentum
- To apply the concept of momentum into the experiment
- To illustrate momentum theory in real life
- To compare the result between elastic and inelastic momentum

Introduction:
The momentum is the measurement of mass in motion. In addition, the momentum of
an object is defined as the product of its mass and the velocity at which it is moving
according to this equation, P = mv . P is the symbol that used for the momentum, M is mass,
and V is the velocity. The momentum is the vector quality, and the standard units for the
momentum is k g × m/s 2 . This create the simple relationship between mass, velocity and
momentum. If either the mass or velocity of an object is double, the momentum of the object
will also be double. Momentum can also be thought of as the inertia in motion because the
more momentum the moving object has, the harder to stop it moving. Furthermore, two
different mass of the object can have the same momentum depending on their respective
velocity. The conservation of momentum is means that there is no unbalanced forces acting
on a system, the total momentum of the system is remain constant. The two main types of the
conservation of momentum are the inelastic collision ,and elastic collision. The inelastic
collision is happen when two objects stick together after the collision. The momentum is
conserved, but the kinetic energy are not conserved. The loss of the kinetic energy have been
transfer to something else such as the thermal energy, and sound energy. On the other hand,
the elastic collision is happen when the colliding objects bounce off each other. Both the
momentum and the kinetic energy are conserved.

In the experiment, we use two cart running on the dynamics track to create the
inelastic and elastic collision. First, we put the cart the side that have the velcro trape face
together. Then, we putting one cart to make in collided with the other resting cart on the other
side of the dynamics track and stick together to create the inelastic collision. Second, we put
the cart that have the magnetic face together. Then, we putting one of the cart to make in
collided with the other resting cart on the other side of the dynamics track and bounce off
each other to create the elastic collision.
Material: field
- 1 Dynamics Track with scale
- 2 Cart that have one side of magnetic and another side of non-magnetic and have the
velcro tape
- Mass scale
- Stopwatch

Setup wade
Procedure:
Elastic collision
1) Set both carts separately for 20 centimeters each to be able to measure the
distance travelled and time spent.
2) Make sure that we use the same magnet side for the cart to contact. This
results in elastic collision.
3) Set the amount of distance the cart is going to travel in the experiment to
calculate average velocity.
4) Push the first cart with human force and use stopwatch to record the time
it takes to move before it collides.
5) Record amount of time before and after collision from where the carts
contacted til the end of the track.
Inelastic collision
1) Set both carts separately for 20 centimeters each to be able to measure the
distance travelled and time spent.
2) Make sure that we use the opposite magnet side for the cart to contact.
This results in inelastic collision. The carts will be stuck together after the
first cart contacts the second.
3) Set the amount of distance the cart is going to travel in the experiment to
calculate average velocity.
4) Push the first cart with human force and use stopwatch to record the time
it takes to move before it collides.
5) Record amount of time before and after collision from where the carts
contacted til the end of the track.
Formula:
 
Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision
Inelastic Collision:
Momentum before collision = M​1​ V​1initial​ +M​2​ V​2initial
Momentum aftercollision = (M​1+M
​ ​2​ )V​final

Elastic Collision:
Momentum before collision = M​1​ V​1initial​ +M​2​ V​2initial
Momentum aftercollision = M​1​ V​1final​ +M​2​ V​2final

% Difference:
2 [M omentumbef ore collision − M omentumaf ter collision ]
M omentumbef ore collision + M omentumaf ter collision x 100%
Data and Result
INELASTIC COLLISION
M​1 = ​ 513.76 g
M​2 = ​ 513.13 g
V​1 =
​ 0 cm/s
V​2 =​ 44.44 cm/s
V​f = ​ 22.99 cm/s
%Difference:
Momentum before collision = M​1​ V​1initial​ +M​2​ V​2initial
Momentum before collision = (513.76)(0) + (513.13)(44.44)
Momentum before collision = 22803.5 (kg)(m/s)

Momentum aftercollision = (M​1​+M​2​ )V​final

Momentum aftercollision = (513.76 + 513.13)22.99
Momentum aftercollision = 23608.2 (kg)(m/s)

2 [M omentumbef ore collision − M omentumaf ter collision ]

= M omentumbef ore collision + M omentumaf ter collision x 100%

= 2 22803.5
[22803.5 − 23608.2]
+ 23608.2 x 100%

=3.5%
ELASTIC COLLISION
M​1 = ​ 513.76 g
M​2 = ​ 513.13 g
V​1 =​ 0 cm/s
V​2 = ​ 39.22 cm/s
V​1f = ​ 20.00 cm/s
V​2f = ​ 0 cm/s
%Difference :
Momentum before collision = M​1​ V​1initial​ +M​2​ V​2initial
Momentum before collision = (513.76)(0) + (513.13)(39.22)
Momentum before collision = 20125.0 (kg)(m/s)

Momentum aftercollision = M​1​ V​1final​ +M​2​ V​2final

Momentum aftercollision = (513.76)(36) +(513.13)(0)
Momentum aftercollision = 18495.4 (kg)(m/s)

2 [M omentumbef ore collision − M omentumaf ter collision ]

= M omentumbef ore collision + M omentumaf ter collision x 100%

= 2 20125.0
[20125.0 − 18495.4]
+ 18495.4 x 100%

=8%
Analysis:
According to the result, the data shows that the concept of the momentum, which is
mainly divided into two main categories: elastic and inelastic, matches to the result of the
experiment. For inelastic collision, after objects 2 moves to hit the object 1 that is at rest, the
object 2 will continue to move along with object 1 in the same direction. Assuming object 1
and 2 have the same weight and friction and air resistance are negligible, the object 2 will
share its velocity with object 1 after collision so the final velocity decrease. The result of the
experiment displays a close outcome to the theory, the velocity before collision of object 2 is
44.44m/s, the velocity drop to 22.99 after it hit the object 2 and move together in the same
direction. There is only 3.5% difference in the momentum conserved in the system which
may be caused by human error, inaccuracy, friction and air resistance during the experiment.
For elastic collision, after object 2 moves to hit the object 1 that is at rest, the object 2 will
stop right after it hit the object 1 but the object 1 will move forward. Assuming object 2 and 1
have the same weight and friction and air resistance are negligible, the object 2 will transfer
all of its velocity to object 1 after collision. The result of the experiment displays a close
outcome to the theory, object 2 stop after collision and transfer all of the speed to the object
1. The percent difference is 8% which may be due to human error, inaccuracy, friction and air
resistance during the experiment.

Concluision: field
In the conclusion, the

Recommendation:
The experiment itself went pretty well for we had
equipments all prepared and ready for the test. We got the
details we need for determining the velocity of the carts
for both elastic and inelastic momentum. However,
problems occurred while doing the experiment for the
time that need for recording is not as accurate as we
predicted.

Reference:
Worklog:

NAME ASSIGNMENT

Suparuek - Objective
- Setup
- Formula
- Data & result
- Analysis
- Conclusion
- Recommendation
- Reference
- Worklog
- Decoration
- Experiment

Phatsakorn - Introduction
- Material
- Experiment

Watcharit - Experiment
- Setup
- Recommendation
- Reference

Thanawin - Experiment

Achitphol - Procedure
- Experiment