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Steps in Designing A Rectangular Beam
Steps in Designing A Rectangular Beam
β = 0.85 – 0.05 (fc’ -30) (1/7) for each 7MPa in excess of 30 MPa but not to be taken < 0.65
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EXAMPLE 1
A rectangular beam reinforced for tension only is to carry a dead load moment of 150 kN-m and a
live load of 140 kN-m. Use 65 mm steel covering with fc’ = 20.70 MPa and fy = 414. Use ρ = .50 ρmax
1. Determine the dimension of the beam.
2. Determine the number of 25 mmØ bars that could be used.
3. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam being used.
4. Check the strain condition if steel will yield first
Solution:
1. Dimension of the beam
Mu = 1.4MD + 1.7ML
Mu = 1.4(150) + 1.7(140)
Mu = 448 kN-m
ρb = [0.85(20.7)(.85)(600)]/[414(600+414)]
ρb = 0.0214
ρmax = 0.75(0.0214)
= 0.016
ρ = 0.50 ρmax
= 0.05(0.016)
= 0.008
W = (ρ fy)/fc’
= [0.008 (414]/20.7
= 0.16
Mu = Ø fc’ bd2 w ( 1 – 059 w )
R = fc’ w ( 1- 0.59 w )
R = 20.7(0.16)[ 1- (0.59)(0.16)]
R=3
Mu = Øbd2 R
448 x 106 = 0.90 bd2 (3)
bd2 = 166 x 106
Try b = 350 mm
C=T
0.85 fc’ ab = As fy
0.85 (20.7) a (350) = 1963(4)(414)
a = 131.97
Mu = Ø T ( d - 0.5a )
Mu = 0.90 (As fy) [ d- a/2]
Mu 0.90 (1963)(414)[690 – 0.5(131.97)]
Mu = 456 x 106 N-mm > 448 x 106 N-mm (safe)
Assumption is correct
4
EXAMPLE 2
Design a reinforced rectangular beam reinforced for tension only for a beam having three
continuous span of 5.4 m ( clear span ) . If the beam carries a dead load of 9 kN/m (including its
own weight) and a live load of 18 kN/m. Use 1983 ACI specifications and ultimate strength method
with fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 345 MPa.
Solution:
ρ = 0.014
Mu = 0.90bd2 (4.34)
ρb = 0.85fc’β 600
R’ = 4.37
New ρ
0.014/4.34 = ρ/4.37
Ρ = 0.0141
5
As = 1128 mm2
Using 25 mm Ø
(∏/4)(252) N = 1128
As = 3 (∏/4)(252)
As = 1472 mm2
By proportion
AS/10 = 1128/16
As = 705 mm2
Using 20mm Ø
As/10 = 1128/14
As = 806 mm2
Using 20 mm Ø
WEB REINFORCEMENT
The design of bending members for shear is based on the assumption that concrete resist part of the
shear and any excess over and above what the concrete could carry should be resisted by shear
reinforcement which may take in several forms a) vertical stirrups b) inclined stirrups and c) the main
reinforcement bend at ends to act as inclined stirrups.
When beams are subjected to external loads they produced not only bending moments but also
internal shear force. The shear does not produce failure directly on the vertical plane on which they act
but it’s major effect is it includes tensile stresses on diagonal plane which is called diagonal tension.
Since concrete has a relatively low tensile strength, it would produce cracks making an angle of 45° with
the plane on which the shear acts. When this diagonal tension stresses in combination with bending
stresses created by moment exceed the tensile strength of concrete, diagonal cracking will occur that
can split the beam without warning.
6
1. Web-shear cracks
2. Flexure-shear cracks
DRAWING
Vc = (1/6)√𝑓𝑐 ′ bd
ØVc = Ø(1/6)√𝑓𝑐 ′ bd
Vu = design shear force which results from the application of factored loads.
C) Spacing of stirrups:
1. S = (Av fy d)/Vs
Vs = Vn – Vc
Vn = Vu/Ø
Vc = (1/6)√𝑓𝑐 ′ bd
Vs = nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement.
Shear Stress = Vu/(Øbd)
Shear Stress = Ø(Vc+Vs)/(Øbd)
Shear Stress = Vc/(bd) + Vs/(bd)
Vs = (Vu/Ø) – Vc
(CONTINUATION OF EXAMPLE)
At interior supports
Vu = 1.15WuL/2
Vu = 1.15 (43.2)(5.4)/2
Vu = 134.136 kN
Vu = 116.856 kN = 116856 N
ØVc = Ø(1/6)√𝑓𝑐′ bd
ØVc = 59970
Vs = (Vu/Ø) – Vc
Vc = 59970/.85
Vc = 70553
Vs = (116856/0.85) – 70553
Vs = 66925
8
S = (Av fy d) / Vs
S = 324 mm O.C.
Vs = 66925 N
Vs < 141107 ok
Av = bS /(3fy)
Av = 200(200)/[(3)(345)]
DETAIL