Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Guide PDF
Guide PDF
Guide PDF
Let us consider one small section of Aditya cement plant,Sambhupura and let
us see how over current and earth relay co-ordination is done on it.
Over Current Relay Co-ordination Guidelines:
1. Over current relays are co-ordinated from load end till the source. Generally
the operating time of relay at load end is assumed to be at 0.4 seconds and
considering this assumption operating time of back up relays are calculated.
6. But for transformer primary relays instantaneous setting should be set such
that the relays don’t trip for charging current but protect the transformer
against close in faults.
10. In case where condition of critical clearing time needs to be satisfied, there
the instantaneous time delay is kept as 0.15 seconds between two relays
acting as primary and back up.
11. If there is a fault at one voltage level then the relay at that voltage level
should trip instantaneously and it’s back up at a different voltage level
should trip thermally.
Relay.No.104:
Let the operating time of relay.No.104 be 0.4 seconds
The three-phase fault current viewed by relay no. 104 is I 3phf104 = 25693.37 A
Relay.No.100:
Since relay.No.100 is in the same series element as relay no. 104 hence
discrimination time between them is 0.05 sec.
Hence remote operating time for relay no. 100 is T opR100remote = 0.5238 + 0.05 = 0.57 sec.
Note: If M= [close in fault operating current/Plug setting in amperes] > 20, then
M = 20 (Beyond M=20, relay is considered to be saturated). Hence in the above
calculation as M = (31168.57/140)>20 hence M=20 has been considered.
Exactly the calculations for relay no. 105 and Relay.No 101 are made and
results are same as above.
Let the operating time of relay.No.7 be 0.965 sec (Calculated similarly as
above).
And the operating time of relay.No.66 be 1.99 sec. (Calculated similarly as
above).
Relay.No.6:
For calculation of operating time for relay no.6, operating time of relay no.100
and relay no. 101 is considered and out of them whichever’s operating time is
higher that operating time is considered for calculation of TMS of the relay no.6.
but as relay.No.66 has an higher operating time of 1.99 sec hence operating time of
relay. No.66 is considered for TMS calculation of R6.
Hence operating time of relay R6=operating time of relay.No.66+discrimination time.
Operating time of relay R6, TopR6 = 1.99 + 0.3 = 2.29 sec.
Relay.No.5:
Operating time of relay.No.5 for remote fault is Top5remote = 2.58+0.05 = 2.63 sec
Remote fault current as viewed by relay no.5 = 5264.3 A
Plug setting of relay no.5 in amperes = 1800 A
TMS of relay no. 5 = 2.63*[(5264.3/1800)0.02-1]/0.14 = 0.41
Approximating the TMS as per the step value of REX 521 we get TMS=0.45
Remote operating time as per approximated TMS
Top5remote’ = 0.45*0.14/[(5264.3/1800)0.02 -1] =2.90 sec
Close in fault current I3phf5 = 8816.8 A
Close in operating time of relay no.5 is given as:
TopR5 = 0.45*0.14/[(8816.8/1800)0.02 -1] =1.95 sec.
Instantaneous Setting :
Relay.No.6:(Feeder)
2. Relay used should be sensitive enough to operate for an single line to ground
fault occurring in it’s zone but should not trip for too low SLG current.
3. The Plug setting should be provided such that the plug setting current(amperes)
of upstream relays should be either equal to or greater than plug setting current
(amperes) of the downstream relays.
4. For transformers having delta-star configuration or vice versa, the relay located
at transformer primary can’t be co-ordinated with relay located at transformer
secondary because delta windings isolate the fault current from the healthy side
and hence SLG fault current doesn’t find a path to flow to the other side. In such a
case relay located on star side should be set so as to only operate for close in fault
current.
Rest all other guidelines are similar to that of over current fault co-ordination
Now let us see how earth relay co-ordination is set using the above guidelines.
Relay.No. 104:
The single line to fault current viewed by relay.No.104 is, I slgf104 = 28833.3 A
The plug setting = 5% of CT ratio = 0.05*4000= 200 A
Let the relay operating time be =0.4 sec
Therefore TMS of relay.No.104 = 0.4*[(28833.3/200) 0.02-1] = 0.176
Here M=20
Approximating the TMS as per step value of REX 521 is = 0.20
So new operating time as per the approximated TMS
TopSLG104= 0.20*0.14/[(28833.3/200)^0.02-1] =0.453 sec
As relay. No 100 is on delta side of transformer hence no co-ordination is not
possible with relay.No 104.
Relay.No. 100:
The single line to fault current viewed by relay.No.104 is, I slgf104 = 4066.6 A
The plug setting = 10% of CT ratio = 0.1*200= 20 A
Let the relay operating time for close in fault be =0.05 sec
Therefore TMS of relay.No.104 = 0.05*[(4066.3/20) 0.02 -1]/0.14 = 0.02
Approximating the TMS as per step value of REX 521 = 0.05
New operating time as per approximated TMS is given as
TopSLG100 = 0.05*0.14/[(4066.3/20)0.02 -1] =0.113 sec
Relay.No. 6:
For calculating the operating time of relay.No.6 ,the highest operating time of the
relay, among the relays, connected to its outgoing feeder is considered. Here the
operating time of relay.No 7 is considered for calculation of TMS of relay.No 6 is
considered.
TopSLG6 = 0.79 + 0.3 = 1.09 sec
Relay.No.5:
Relay.No.5 can’t be co-ordinated with real.No.6 as relay.No 5 is on delta side.
But however it should operate for any close in fault.
Single line to ground fault current at relay.No.5, I SLGf5 = 100 A
Plug setting = 1% of CT ratio =0.01*2000= 20 A
Let the operating time for the close in fault be T opSLG5 = 0.05 sec.
Hence TMS = 0.05*[(100/20)0.02 – 1]/0.14 = 0.01
Approximating the TMS as per step value we get new TMS = 0.05
Operating time as per approximated TMS = 0.05*0.14 /[(100/20) 0.02 – 1] = 0.21 sec.
Instantaneous setting :
Relay.No.104:(Feeder)
SLG Fault current viewed by relay.No.104, I slgf104 = 28833.3 A
Instantaneous earth setting, Io>> = 300% of CT ratio = 3*4000 =12000 A
Instantaneous earth time setting, To>> =0.05 sec
Instantaneous Factor to be entered in database =3 (load end and delta side of
transformer directly instantaneous factor is entered in Mi-power database)
Relay.No.100:(Transformer primary)
SLG Fault current viewed by relay.No.104, I slgf100 = 4066.6 A
Instantaneous earth setting, Io>> = 500% of CT ratio = 5*200 =1000 A
Instantaneous earth time setting, To>> =0.05 sec
Instantaneous Factor to be entered in database = 5 (load end and delta side of
transformer directly instantaneous factor is entered in Mi-power database)
Relay.No.6:(Feeder)
SLG Fault current viewed by relay.No.104, I slgf6 = 642 A
Instantaneous earth setting, Io>> = 15% of CT ratio = 0.15*2000 =300 A
Instantaneous phase time setting for relay.No.6 is done taking the higher instantaneous
time setting of relay connected to out going feeders and then adding a time delay of
0.20 seconds tom it.
Instantaneous earth time setting, To>> = Instantaneous earth time setting of relay.No.7
+ 0.20 sec =0.45 + 0.20 = 0.65 sec
Relay.No.5:(Transformer Primary)
SLG Fault current viewed by relay.No.104, Islgf5 = 100 A
As per the range of instantaneous earth setting provided by REM 543 ( 0.1 – 12
x In ), relay.No.5 is not sufficient to provide instantaneous earth protection. The
lowest instantaneous current that can be set is 0.1*2000 = 200 A, but the fault
current is 100 A, hence relay is unable to operate instantaneously as relay would
only be able to sense current above 200 A.
Figure 1.3. Earth relay co-ordination curves
Figure 1.4. Earth relay co-ordination curves