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Turbine Operation Manual 600 MW Dongfang PDF
Turbine Operation Manual 600 MW Dongfang PDF
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2. Regulations on the Handling of Unit Accidents ..................................................... - 120 -
2.1 Emergency Outage Conditions of Unit ......................................................... - 120 -
2.2 Fault Shutdown Conditions of Unit............................................................... - 124 -
2.3 Comprehensive Accident Management of Unit ............................................ - 126 -
3. Abnormal Operation and Accident Management of Steam Turbine ...................... - 133 -
3.1 Condenser Vacuum Drop............................................................................. - 133 -
3.2 Steam Turbine Water Attack......................................................................... - 135 -
3.3 Abnormal Vibration of Steam Turbine........................................................... - 137 -
3.4 Increased Axial Displacement ...................................................................... - 139 -
3.5 Damaged or Broken Blade........................................................................... - 140 -
3.6 Lubricating Oil System Failure ..................................................................... - 141 -
3.7 EH Oil System Failure.................................................................................. - 144 -
3.8 Feed Pump Failure ...................................................................................... - 145 -
3.9 Deaerator Failure ......................................................................................... - 149 -
3.10 Heater Failure ............................................................................................ - 152 -
3.11 Generator Sealing Oil System Failure ........................................................ - 153 -
3.12 Generator Hydrogen Cooling System Failure ............................................ - 155 -
3.13 Generator Stator Cooling Water System Failure ........................................ - 157 -
Part II Auxiliary System Operation............................................................................. - 159 -
Chapter Ⅰ General Rules on Start-up (in operation) and Shutdown (out of service) of
Auxiliaries and systems............................................................................................. - 159 -
1. General Operating Rules of Auxiliaries ................................................................. - 159 -
2 General Outage Rules of Auxiliaries ...................................................................... - 162 -
Chapter II Auxiliaries and Systems............................................................................ - 163 -
1. Lubricating Oil System .......................................................................................... - 163 -
2. EH Oil System....................................................................................................... - 167 -
3. Unit Bypass System .............................................................................................. - 171 -
4. Gland Sealing System........................................................................................... - 173 -
5. Vacuum System .................................................................................................... - 179 -
6. Circulating Water System...................................................................................... - 183 -
7 Open Circulating Cooling Water System ................................................................ - 185 -
8. Condensate System.............................................................................................. - 186 -
9. Regeneration and extraction Steam System ......................................................... - 190 -
10. Feed pump System ............................................................................................. - 202 -
11. Auxiliary Steam System ....................................................................................... - 211 -
12. Generator Sealing Oil System............................................................................. - 214 -
13. Generator Hydrogen Cooling System ................................................................. - 217 -
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Part I Turbine Mainframe Operation
-2-
after overhaul and the remote test can be performed in operation of them on the
condition that the load is not subject to large fluctuation.
The structure of HIP cylinder with common casing and double-shell is used. It
consists of four parts, including an integrated HIP outer casing divided into upper and
low half casings from the split, a HP inner casing divided into upper and lower half
casings, an IP inner casing divided into upper and lower half casings and an IP outer
casing. Two LP cylinders are symmetrical double split flow structure with the function
of middle steam admission and divided into upper and lower parts from the split. The
LP cylinders are designed to three-layer with the first layer served as inner casing for
accommodating the elements of the flow passage, the second one as a heat
insulating layer and the third one as an outer casing for exhausting steam and
supporting the elements in the inner casing. The LP cylinder is connected with the
condenser by a stainless steel elastic expansion joint.
The shaft system of the unit is composed of a steam turbine HP rotor and IP rotor, LP
rotor A and B and a generator rotor. Each of them is connected by a solid coupling.
The steam turbine rotors without center holes are totally integral rotor.
The steam turbine is supported by six pieces of bearing blocks; the HIP rotors are
supported by two titling-pad bearings with #1 and #2 numbers of bearing block; two
LP rotors are supported by two elliptical bearing with #3, #4, #5 and #6 numbers of
bearing block, horizontal split and spherical types, and automatic alignment and
regulation functions. A thrust bearing with the capability of withstanding much high
axial thrust load, whereas resulting in little loss on any loads is structured to bevel
dual thrust disc and located in a middle bearing housing beside the #2 bearing block.
The expansion dead points of the HIP cylinder locates near the center line of the #2
bearing block, the LP cylinder A and B, respectively. A transverse pin at the dead
point restricts the axial displacement of the cylinder, and longitudinal pins in front and
back of the front bearing housing and the longitudinal center line of the two low
pressure cylinders guide the cylinders to expand freely along the axial direction and
restrict the deviation laterally.
An automatic-meshing turning gear of the steam turbine consisting of a motor and
gear train is equipped between the steam turbine and the generator. Its revolution is
1.5r/min and it is able to automatically operate and trip.
To avoid water and steam from returning back the steam turbine, the drainage and
exhaust steam systems of the steam turbine are designed to able to exhaust
condensate in all of devices, pipelines and valves and steam in the HIP cylinder and
HIP gland sealing system discharged at the time of unit trip. Their pneumatic drain
valves are able to be automatically and widely opened at the time of lacking
compressed air resource. To prevent steam from arriving at the intermediate and low
-3-
pressure parts to do work through the steam sealing gland located between the high
and intermediate pressure parts at the time of load rejection, an emergency discharge
valve is set at the place of the steam sealing gland. In case that the IP control valve is
closed, it automatically opens and reliefs most of leaked steam into the condenser. In
order to avoid overheat at the HP steam exhaust part resulting from windage loss in
case that the unit is started by the IP cylinder or high and low pressure bypass on low
load, a vent valve (VV) is equipped on the exhaust pipeline of the HP cylinder to
connect with the condenser. There are no drain points on the high and intermediate
pressure cylinders, and so water can be drained solely through the drain point on an
extraction steam pipe. Water of the LP cylinder is drained to a condenser hot well
level and water of the HP main steam pipes and valves is drained to a drain flash tank
of the condenser. The unit is provided with two sets of rectangular drain flash tank
located at lateral outer walls of the HP condenser and the LP condenser, respectively,
and a spray de-superheating device that is used for spraying water while the unit is in
operation.
The regenerative system of the steam turbine has 8-stage non-regulatory extraction
for three sets of HP heater, one deaerator and four sets of LP heater, respectively.
Water of the HP and LP heaters reflows to the deaerator and the condenser,
respectively by means of cascaded drain. Drain water can flow into the condenser
directly in case of accident or low load. Steam source of the steam turbine for feed
water pump is from four-stage extraction under normal conditions; in case of startup
of the unit and low load, it is automatically switched to reheat steam. Its exhaust
steam is discharged into a main condenser. Besides, for regenerative extraction
steam and steam of the steam turbine of the feed water pump, four-stage extraction
of the steam turbine is able to provide auxiliary steam for others. To meet the demand
of connecting the steam exhaust pipe and the drain pipe, the #7 and #8 LP heaters
are designed to compound heaters with a common shell and horizontally configured
at throat part of the condenser with part of which out of the shell.
The condensate system employs an IP condensate polishing system each of which is
provided with a vertical condensate pump with 2*100% volume and one of which is
served as standby. Condensate after boosting pressure enters into the deaerator
through a polishing unit, a gland heater and four LP heaters.
The gland sealing system of the steam turbine is a self-sealing system, i.e. in normal
operation of the unit, steam leakage from the shaft-end steam gland of the HIP
cylinder, and the steam leakage from HIP main stop valve and valve stems of the
control valves after being sprayed and de-superheated is provided for the LP
shaft-end steam gland. The redundant steam flows to the LP heater or condenser
through an overflow station. During startup or operation of unit on low load, the
-4-
auxiliary steam station is used for providing steam for the steam gland. The unit is
provided with one set of gland heater with 100% volume and two sets of gland
extraction fan with 100% volume. The gland cooler and the steam turbine of the feed
water pump shares the gland steam. During startup and operation of the unit with low
load, gland steam is fresh or auxiliary steam and pressure of the gland main pipe is
maintained by a gland steam supply valve and an overflow valve. During operation of
the unit with 25%-60% of load, its gland steam is provided by the gland cooler; while
the load is over 60%, the unit is self-sealed and the gland steam supply valve is
closed. The set value of the gland pressure is maintained by the overflow valve and
the redundant steam is discharged into #8 A LP heater through the overflow valve.
The redundant steam is discharged into the condenser through a conversion valve in
case of #8 A LP heater failures.
The emergency governing system is the actuating mechanism of the HP fire-resistant
oil DEH, which works on instruction reception from the DEH and completion of
latching, meets the requirements of combined startup of high and intermediate
pressure cylinders, startup of the IP cylinder and activity test of the valves, and has
the functions of over-speed limitation, fast reliable steam admission interruption and
over-speed protection. The system comprises a LP governing system and a HP
fire-resistant oil system. The LP governing system is composed of an emergency
governor, an emergency governor device and its link lever, a manual stop mechanism,
a reset test valve block, a mechanical shutdown electromagnet and an oil guide ring,
etc. Main functions of it comprise latch, interruption, oil spray and speed hoisting. The
HP fire-resistant oil system consists of a hydraulic servo system, a HP trip system and
a fire-resistant oil supply system. The hydraulic servo system, consisting of a valve
control stage and a servomotor, is used for controlling opening of the valves and
completing fast shutdown of them. This unit is provided with four sets of servomotor
for HP control valves, two for HP main stop valves, IP main stop valves and IP control
valves, respectively. All of said servomotors, with unilateral oil feed, are started up by
fire-resistant oil pressure and closed by spring force of the control stage, so as to
guarantee all of them can be shut down in case of pressure oil loss. The oil supply
system, mainly consisting of two sets of pressure-compensated variable plunger
pump, a regenerative device, an accumulator, oil filtering components, etc., is used
for supplying HP working oil for every actuating mechanisms of the emergency
governing system.
The lubricating oil system is served as main oil pump-oil turbine system driven by the
major axis of the steam turbine. In addition to all bearings of the turbine generators, it
supplies oil for the hydrogen sealing system of the generators, the lubricating device
of the turning gear and the jacking oil pump as well. It comprises a packaged oil
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container, a main oil pump (MOP), an AC auxiliary oil pump (TOP), a DC emergency
oil pump (EOP), a boiler oil pump (BOP), a jacking oil device, an oil purification and
regeneration device, six sets of electric heater, two sets of oil cooler with 100%
volume, a change-over valve, a flume extractor, etc. The strainers in the lubricating oil
system are able to be replaced to clean. In view from the head, the lubricating oil
system locates on the right.
For the purpose of successfully putting the turning gear into operation, the jacking oil
system is applied to providing HP oil for every bearing at the time of startup and
shutdown of the unit. Therefore, two sets of jacking oil pump, with the advantages of
high efficiency, low heat value and noise, reliable performance and no leakage under
continuous HP operation, and high volumetric efficiency, etc., are applied in the
system.
The unit employs a HLP two-stage series-wound pneumatic bypass system, in which
the capacity of high pressure bypass is 60%BMCR. This system is able to make the
unit optimally start and shut down, realize two operating modes in accordance with
the operating conditions, startup and stop curves of the steam turbine, shorten the
starting time of the unit in cooperation of setting up a steam temperature of the steam
turbine suitable for the boiler’s. In case that the unit load is variable, the system can
be applied to regulating it so as to improve the stability of the boiler in operation.
The feed water system is configured to unit system, with two sets of 50% BMCR
turbo-feed pump and one set of 50% BMCR electro-driven variable-speed feed water
pump for one set of unit. The turbo-feed pump is put into normal operation and the
electro-driven variable-speed feed water pump is served as standby or startup. The
turbo-feed pump is provided with HP and LP steam sources and configured at the
operating floor of the steam turbine, and its steam is exhausted into the condenser of
the turbine mainframe. The feed water system also provides attemperating water for
overheat and reheat attemperators, and the bypass system.
The unit adopts a distributed control system (DCS) that has the functions of
monitoring the DEH, MEH operator stations and other control systems (data
communication interface) and meeting the requirements of various operating
conditions. The DEH produced by Dongfang Electric Automatic Control Cooperation
Limited for controlling the rotating speed and load of the steam turbine is employed in
the turbine governing system.
Startup mode of the unit: IP cylinder startup, combined startup of the HP, IP cylinders,
whereas IP cylinder startup in priority. The combined startup mode is solely used in
case that the bypass system is cut off due to failure.
Operating mode of the unit: constant pressure, and constant pressure-to-sliding
pressure-to-constant pressure
-6-
Load character: with the main functions of bearing base load, and peak load
regulation function
Arrangement of the unit: the turbine generating set is indoors longitudinal sequential
arrangement. The lubricating oil system is configured on the right in view from the
head to the generating set.
Cooling mode of the unit: unit system with counter-flow circulating water system
Unit specifications
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S/N Item Unit Data
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S/N Item Unit Data
24 Critical speed
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S/N Item Unit Data
Vibration limit value of shaft block relative to double amplitud μm Not greater
of vibration at over-critical revolution than 80
- 10 -
Max. rotor temp at turning gear shutdown ℃ 15
0
Requirements for other short-term abnormal condition -
HIP rotor 17222 1621 Greater than 4000 Greater than 4000
1.1.1 Test purposes: check thermal interlock protection circuit action for correctness,
including the action of primary single circuit and interlock protection.
1.1.2 Division of test
1.1.2.1 Inspection associated with thermal device, and thermal technicians in responsible
- 12 -
of forcing, stimulating and resetting of thermal single
1.1.3.2 Field apparatus inspection associated with the test, and operators in responsible
of the operation of the electric switches and OPR
- 13 -
Low vacuum protection of condenser: Shut down by the action of protection in
case of low vacuum of condenser.
Low lube oil pressure protection:
5. Send an alarm signal of low lube oil pressure in case that the lube oil pressure is
less than 0.115MPa;
6. Shut down by the action of protection in case that the lube oil pressure is less
than 0.069MPa;
Shut down by the action of projection in case of low EH oil pressure (one of two
logic) (1, 3 and/or 2, 4).
Large vibration protection of bearings
Send an alarm signal of large vibration in case that the vibration of any bearing is
greater than or equal to 125um; Shut down by the action of protection in case that
the vibration is greater than or equal to 250um.
1. Send an alarm signal of large axial displacement in case that the axial
displacement of the steam turbine is less than negative 1.05mm or greater than
positive 0.6mm.
2. Shut down by the action of protection in case that the axial displacement of the
steam turbine is less than negative 1.65mm or greater than positive 1.2 mm.
Differential expansion protection of HIP cylinders
1. Send alarm signal of large differential expansion in case that the differential
expansion is less than negative 5.3mm or greater than positive 10.3mm;
2. Shut down by the action of protection in case that the differential expansion is
less than negative 6.6mm or greater than positive 11.6mm.
Differential expansion protection of LP cylinder
1. Send alarm signal of large differential expansion in case that the differential
expansion is less than negative 4.6mm or greater than positive 19.8mm;
2. Shut down by the action of protection in case that the differential expansion is
less than negative 8mm or greater than positive 30mm.
DEH electricity loss protection
Generator protection
Malfunction of a trip protection button on the console
Trip by the action of protection in case that temperature of any bearing shell of
#1-#8 journal bearings is high (5 seconds delay) (alarm when temperature of #1-#6
bearing shells reaches 110 degrees centigrade and trip when reaching 115
degrees centigrade; meanwhile, alarm and trip temperatures of the #7 and #8
bearing shells are 110 and 115 degrees centigrade, respectively);
Trip by the action of protection in case that the temperatures of #1-#8 working
thrust pads are high (time delay 5s) (alarm and trip temperatures of them are 85
- 14 -
and 110 degrees centigrade, respectively);
Trip by the action of protection in case that the temperatures of #1-#8 locating
thrust pads are high (time delay 5s) (alarm and trip temperatures of them are 85
and 110 degrees centigrade, respectively);
Shut down by the action of protection in case that the steam temperature of the
main stop valve at the inlet is LL (low, low);
Shut down by the action of protection in case that cooling water inlet flow of the
generator stator is LL;
Shut down by the action of protection in case that inlet cooling water pressure of
the generator stator is LL;
Shut down by the action of protection in case that outlet cooling water temperature
of the generator stator is HH (high, high).
2.1.2.1 Over-speed protection control system (OPC): the momentary speed of the steam
turbine will reach maximum in case that the trip signal of the generator main switch does
not send out due to control single lag and residual steam at the time of load rejection of
the unit. In order to prevent the unit from tripping for a rotating speed capable of causing
tripping, the HIP control valve must be closed fast and immediately to prevent speed rise
when the rotating speed reaches 103% of the rated.
2.1.2.2 When the rotating speed of the steam turbine reaches 110%-111% of the rated
speed, the eccentric ring mechanical emergency governor drives the mechanical trip
valve into action to drain the oil in the emergency trip system (ETS), to close the high
pressure main stop valve and the high pressure control valve and to open the vent valve.
And then the steam turbine is stopped after closing the intermediate pressure main stop
and control valves, the extraction check valves and exhaust check valve of the HP
cylinder at all levels and opening the dump valve.
2.1.2.3 Electric over-speed protection: immediately close the HIP MSV and CV to stop
feeding steam while the rotating speed of the unit reaches 111% of the rated speed;
meanwhile, the DEH sends out a stop signal.
2.1.3.1 Manual field tripper: it is set at the front box of the steam turbine. While operating,
the tripper is first drawn out after counter-clockwise rotating 90°, and then the HP MSV
and HP CV, IP MSV and IP CV, the exhaust check valve of the HP cylinder and check
valves at all level are closed and the vent valve is opened after the safety oil is drained by
the action of the mechanical trip valve.
- 15 -
2.1.3.2 Manual remote tripper: it is of double-button and equipped on the control desk of
the central control room. Pressing the buttons will bring the mechanical solenoid and the
main trip solenoid A and B into action to close HP MSV and HP CV, IP MSV and IP CV, the
exhaust check valve of the HP cylinder and check valves at all level and open the vent
valve.
- 17 -
Following valves will automatically open in case that the load is less than 10% of
the rated.
Steam turbine trip
Generator trip
Over-speed protection control system action (OPCACT for short)
Drain valve of the left main steam pipe
Drain valve of the right main steam pipe
Drain valve of HP steam conduit
Drain valve for the left upper valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the left lower valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the right upper valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the right lower valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the left exhaust pipe of the HP cylinder
Drain valve for the right exhaust pipe of the HP cylinder
Drain valve for the exhaust manifold of the HP cylinder
Outlet drain valve for the 1st extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve for the 1st extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve for the 2nd extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve for the 2nd extraction electric valve
Drain valve of HP bypass pipe
Following valves will automatically close in case that the load is greater than 10%:
Low-low condenser vacuum
Drain valve of the left main steam pipe
Drain valve of the right main steam pipe
Drain valve of HP steam conduit
Drain valve for the left upper valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the left lower valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the right upper valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the right lower valve block of the HP MSV
Drain valve for the left exhaust pipe of the HP cylinder
Drain valve for the right exhaust pipe of the HP cylinder
Drain valve for the exhaust manifold of the HP cylinder
Outlet drain valve for the 1st extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve for the 1st extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve for the 2nd extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve for the 2nd extraction electric valve
Drain valve of HP bypass pipe
- 18 -
Following valves will automatically open in case that the load is less than 20%:
Steam turbine trip
Generator trip
Over-speed protection control system action (OPCACT for short)
Drain valve of left reheat steam pipe
Drain valve of right reheat steam pipe
Drain valve of left IP union valve
Drain valve of right IP union valve
Inlet drain valve of 3ird extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 3ird extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve of 4th extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 4th extraction electric valve
Following valves will automatically close in case that the load is greater than 20%:
Low-low condenser vacuum
Drain valve of left reheat steam pipe
Drain valve of right reheat steam pipe
Drain valve of left IP union valve
Drain valve of right IP union valve
Inlet drain valve of 3ird extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 3ird extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve of 4th extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 4th extraction electric valve
Following valves will automatically open in case that the load is less than 30%:
Steam turbine trip
Generator trip
Over-speed protection control system action (OPCACT for short)
Inlet drain valve of 5th extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 5th extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve of 6th extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 6th extraction electric valve
Following valves will automatically close in case that the load is greater than 30%:
Low-low condenser vacuum
Inlet drain valve of 5th extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 5th extraction electric valve
Inlet drain valve of 6th extraction electric valve
Outlet drain valve of 6th extraction electric valve
Drain valve for the left exhaust pipe of the HP cylinder
High-high water level in the drain pot triggers the drain valve to open, whereas to
- 19 -
close.
Drain valve for the right exhaust pipe of the HP cylinder
High-high water level in the drain pot triggers the drain valve to open, whereas to
close.
Drain valve for the exhaust manifold of the HP cylinder
High-high water level in the drain pot triggers the drain valve to open, whereas to
close.
Drain valve for the exhaust pipe at the inlet A of the LP bypass valve
High-high water level in the drain pot triggers the drain valve to open, whereas to
close.
Drain valve for the exhaust pipe at the inlet B of the LP bypass valve
High-high water level in the drain pot triggers the drain valve to open, whereas to
close.
Drain valve for the exhaust pipe at the outlet A of the LP bypass valve
High-high water level in the drain pot triggers the drain valve to open, whereas to
close.
Drain valve for the exhaust pipe at the outlet B of the LP bypass valve
High-high water level in the drain pot triggers the drain valve to open, whereas to
close.
Steam turbine trip or generator asynchronous protection or OPC action will close
the left exhaust check valve of the HP cylinder.
Steam turbine trip or generator asynchronous protection or OPC action will close
the right exhaust check valve of the HP cylinder.
2.1.5.1 The turbine AC auxiliary pump is self-driven in case of meeting one of following
conditions:
1) Low outlet pressure of the main oil pump
2) The period before turbine rotating speed down to 2900r/min
3) Low lube oil
4) Steam turbine trip
2.1.5.2 The manual shutdown of the turbine AC auxiliary pump is available in case of
meeting one of following conditions:
1) Zero rotating speed of steam turbine
2) Stable and constant rotating speed of the steam turbine up to 3000r/min and normal
lube oil pressure
2.1.5.3 The mainframe startup pump (MSP) is self-driven in case of meeting one of
- 20 -
following conditions:
1)Turbine rotating speed less than or equal to 2850 r/min
2)Low inlet pressure of the main oil pump (MOP) (less than Mpa)
3)Steam turbine trip.
2.1.5.4 The manual shutdown of the mainframe startup pump (MSP) is available in case of
meeting one of following conditions:
1) Stable and constant rotating speed of the steam turbine up to 3000r/min
2) Zero rotating speed of steam turbine.
2.1.5.5 The DC emergency oil pump (EOP) is self-driven in case of meeting one of
following conditions:
1) Non-zero rotating speed of the steam turbine and low-low lube oil pressure of the
mainframe (less than Mpa)
2) Standby AC lube oil pump startup with the AC lube oil pump trip
3)Low inlet pressure of the MOP and TOP.
2.1.5.6 The manual shutdown of the DC emergency oil pump (EOP) is available in case of
meeting one of following conditions:
1) Zero rotating speed of steam turbine
2) Normal lube oil pressure (0.137Mpa- 0.176Mpa).
2.1.5.7 The startup of the mainframe jacking oil pump is allowable under the following
condition:
1) Inlet pressure of the jacking oil pump more than 0.03Mpa
2.1.5.8 The mainframe jacking oil pump is allowable for shutdown in case of meeting one
of following conditions:
1) The AC auxiliary oil pump out of service
2) The turbine rotating speed is greater than or equal to 2000r/min (tentative speed)
3) Allowable for one standby in two sets of jacking oil pump
2.1.5.9 The jacking oil pump is self-driven in case of meeting one of following conditions:
1)When the rotating speed of the steam turbine MAA00CS002 is less than 2000, a
specified standby pump will bring into action; if the standby delays 10s, the other one
will be put into operation;
2)When the rotating speed of the steam turbine MAA00CS002 is less than 2000, the
working pump is in operation and the outlet manifold pressure of the jacking oil pump is
low, the standby jacking oil pump is put into operation;
3)When the rotating speed of the steam turbine MAA00CS002 is less than 2000 and
the working pump trips, the standby jacking oil pump is brought into action.
2.1.5.10 the jacking oil pump automatically stops in case of meeting one of following
conditions:
1) Rotating speed of the steam turbine is greater than or equal to 2000r/min (tentative
- 21 -
speed);
2)60s delay time of the steam turbine at zero rotating speed
2.1.5.11 the electric heater of the lube oil box is self-driven in case of meeting one of
following conditions:
1) Lube oil temperature in the main oil tank less than 32℃
2)Surface temperature of the electric heater of the main oil tank less than 100℃
2.1.5.12 the electric heater of the main lube oil automatically stops in case of meeting one
of following conditions:
1) High lube oil temperature in the main oil tank greater than 37℃
2) High surface temperature of the electric heater of the main oil tank greater than
150℃
2.1.6.1 The EH oil pump is allowable for starting in case of full meeting following
conditions:
1) Main EH oil pump allowable for being operated
2) Normal oil level of the EH oil tank
3)20℃ Oil temperature of the EH oil tank higher than 20℃
2.1.6.2 The standby EH oil pump will automatically start in case of meeting one of
following conditions:
1) One set in operation and pressure of the EH oil manifold less than or equal to Mpa
2) Motor trip of a EH oil process pump
2.1.6.3 The EH oil pump will automatically stop in case of meeting one of following
conditions:
1)Excessively low oil level of the EH oil tank (less than negative 200mm)
2)Breaker trip of the EH oil pump or overload protection of the motor in action
2.1.6.4 The electric heater of the EH oil tank will automatically start in case of full meeting
following conditions:
1)Normal oil level of the oil tank
2)#1 and #2 circulating pumps of the oil tank in operation
3)The breaker of the heater at on-position
4)Oil temperature less than or equal to 20℃
2.1.6.5 The electric heater of the EH oil tank will automatically stop in case of meeting one
of following conditions:
1)The oil temperature greater than or equal to 35℃
2)The breaker of the heater tripped
3)Excessively low oil level
4)Both the #1 circulating pump and #2 circulating pump of the oil tank out of service
- 22 -
2.1.7 Turning gear interlocks protection of the mainframe
2.1.7.1 The turning gear will automatically start in case of full meeting following conditions:
1) The interlock switch of its motor at AUTO position
2) Lube oil pressure of the bearing greater than 0.103MPa
3) Jacking oil pressure of every bearing greater than or equal to 3.43MPa
4) A manual turning interlock switch in standby
5) Both of the MSV in fully closed state
6) Zero rotating speed of the steam turbine and 30s delay time
2.1.7.2 The turning gear will automatically trip in case of meeting one of following
conditions:
1) Jacking oil pressure of any bearing less than 2.7Mpa
2) Lube oil pressure less than or equal to ≤0.07Mpa
3) Overload protection for the turning motor in action
- 24 -
available.
Fast-closing opening: 0
Fast-opening condition: Fast-Opening of the LP bypass pressure reducing valve is
available.
Opening: The LP bypass pressure valve is put into control mode as it is pre-opened to
80% and in automatic operation.
6)LP bypass spray isolation valve
1. The spray isolation valve is jointly opened as the opening of the LP bypass valve is
greater than or equal to 2%;
2. The spray isolation valve is jointly closed as the opening of the LP bypass valve is
less than 2%;
2.1.9.1 Rotating speed supervision (revolution indicator and electric over-speed protection
2.1.9.2 Vibration supervision on the #1-#8 bearing shells
2.1.9.3 Vibration supervision on X and Y directions of the #1-#8 bearings
2.1.9.4 Supervision on axial displacement
2.1.9.5 Differential expansion supervision on the HIP and LP cylinders
2.1.9.6 Eccentricity monitoring
2.1.9.7 ;Supervision on right and left heat expansion of the HIP cylinder
2.1.9.8 Precision transient tachometer (tachometer equipped at the head of a motor)
3.1.1.1 The A/B booster pumps are allowable for starting in each of following conditions:
Water level of the deaerator in normal condition (LAA10CL501L NOT) (based on
the analogue value)
The electric valves of the A/B booster pumps at the inlets to be opened in place
LAA30CZ130ZO
The electric valve of the A turbo-feed pump at the outlet to be closed in place
LAC10CZ130ZC
The re-circulating electric valves of the A/B turbo-feed pumps to be opened in
place
The minimum flow control valves of the A/B turbo-feed pumps to be opened in
- 25 -
place
Radial bearing temperature of the driving ends of the A/B turbo-feed pumps’
booster pumps LAA01CT381
Radial bearing temperature of the free ends of the A/B turbo-feed pumps’ booster
pumps LAA01CT383
Radial bearing temperature of the motor driving ends of the A/B turbo-feed
pumps’ booster pumps LAA01CT403
Radial bearing temperature of the motor free ends of the A/B turbo-feed pumps’
booster pumps LAA01CT401
The stator phase winding temperature of the motors of the A/B turbo-feed pumps’
booster pumps are ultra-limit.
No tripping condition
No motor protection for the A/B turbo-feed pumps’ booster pumps (no contact
point)
Normal inlet pressure of the feed pump (more than 1.4MPa)
3.1.1.2 The A/B booster pumps trip by interlock in any one of following conditions:
Low-low water level of the deaerator LBD04CL203
The minimum flow control valves and the re-circulating electric valves of the A/B
turbo-feed pumps have already closed in place. The inlet minimum flow is less
than 270T/H and delay time is 15s when any one of the valves is closed.
The inlet electric valves of the A/B booster pumps to be closed in place after 3s
delay in operation
The radial bearing temperature of the driving ends LAA01CT381 and the free
ends LAA01CT383 of the A/B booster pumps more than 100℃ during 3s delay
The bearing temperature of the motor driving ends LAA01CT403 and non-driving
ends LAA01CT401 of the A/B booster pumps more than 90℃ during 3s delay
Stator phase winding temperature of the motors of the A/B booster pumps more
than 130℃ during 3s delay
3.1.1.3 The A/B booster pumps are allowable for starting in each of following conditions:
Normal water level of the deaerator higher than 1950mm (median of three)
The re-circulating electric valves of the A/B turbo-feed pumps to be opened in
place
The minimum flow control valves of the A/B turbo-feed pumps to be opened in
place
The motors of the A/B turbo-feed pumps’ booster pumps in operation
LAA01AP001ZS
The booster pumps in operation and the normal inlet pressure of the feed pump
(more than 1.4MPa)
- 26 -
The radial bearing temperature of the driving ends of the A/B turbo-feed pumps
less than 75℃
The radial bearing temperature of the free ends less than 75℃
Inside temperature of the thrust bearings less than 80℃
Outside temperature of the thrust bearings less than 80℃
The thrust bearing temperature of the steam turbine for the A/B turbo-feed
pumps less than 105℃
The electric exhaust butterfly valve of the steam turbine of the A/B turbo-feed
pumps to be opened in place
No tripping condition
Normal lube oil pressure of the steam turbine for the A turbo-feed pump (more
than 0.08MPa)
The temperature difference of the upper and lower barrels of the pumps in
normal condition (the temperature difference of the upper and lower parts not
exceeding 30℃)
Exhaust pressure not exceeding 1-value
3.1.1.4 The interlocks of the A/B turbo-feed pumps will trip in any one of following
conditions:
Low-low water level of the deaerator
Motors trip of the A/B turbo-feed pumps’ booster pumps
The minimum flow control valves and the re-circulating electric valves of the A/B
turbo-feed pumps have already closed in place. The inlet minimum flow is less
than 270T/H and delay time is 15s when any one of the valves is closed.
The radial bearing temperature of the driving ends of the A/B booster pumps
more than 100 (90)℃ during 3s delay
The bearing temperature of the free ends of the A/B booster pumps more than
100 (90) ℃ during 3s delay
Inside temperature of the thrust bearings less than 100(110) ℃ during 3s delay
- 27 -
Water temperature different at the inlet and outlet more than
3.1.1.5 Trip protection conditions of the steam turbine for the feed pump (METS)
1) Over-speed of the steam turbine for the feed pump (greater than or equal to
5972 r/min, two of three)
2) Low safety oil pressure (less than 6.0MPa, two of three)
3) Large axial displacement (positive 0.9mm, negative 0.9mm)
4) Large bearing vibration (greater than or equal to 0.15mm)
5) Low exhaust vacuum (negative 47.7kPa, one of two)
6) Lube oil pressure lower than 3-value (less than 0.08MPa, one of two)
7) Any one of the return oil temperature of the front bearing, the thrust bearing and
the back bearings of the steam turbine for the feed pump greater than or equal to
75℃
8) MEH required to trip
9) Trip single of the turbo-feed pump
10) Manual shutdown
3.1.1.6 Alarm single of the turbo-feed pumps
1) High radial bearing temperature of the free ends of the booster pumps (greater
than or equal to 95 ℃)
2) The thrust bearing temperature of the free ends of the booster pumps greater
than or equal to 95 ℃
3) High radial bearing temperature of the driving ends of the booster pumps
(greater than or equal to 95 ℃)
4) The motor bearing temperature of the driving ends of the booster pumps
greater than or equal to 90 ℃
5) High motor bearing temperature of the non-driving ends of the booster pumps
(greater than or equal to 90 ℃)
6) High motor coil temperature of the booster pumps (greater than or equal to 120
℃)
7) High thrust bearings temperature (insides A and B, or outsides A and B) of the
turbo-feed pumps (greater than 85℃)
8) High radial bearing temperature of the turbo-feed pumps (the driving ends or
the free ends) (greater than 100℃)
9) Low lube oil pressure (1-value less than 0.15MPa; 2-value less than 0.12MPa;
3-value less than 0.08MPa)
10) Outlet flow less than a given value (less than 270m3/h)
11) Low inlet pressure of the turbo-feed pump (less than 1.4MPa)
12) Low sealing water differential pressure of the turbo-feed pumps (1-value less
than 0.035MPa and 2-value less than 0.015MPa)
- 28 -
13) Large temperature difference of the upper and lower barrels of the turbo-feed
pumps (more than 30℃)
14) Over-speed of the steam turbine for the feed pump (greater than or equal to
5972 r/min)
15) Low safety oil pressure (less than 6.0MPa)
16) Large axial displacement (positive 0.8mm, negative 0.8mm)
17) Large bearing vibration (greater than or equal to 0.1mm)
18) Low exhaust vacuum (negative 67.7kPa)
19) Any one of the return oil temperature of the front bearing, the thrust bearing
and the back bearings of the steam turbine for the feed pump greater than or
equal to 65℃
20) Any one of the front and back bearings and the thrust bearings temperature of
the steam turbine for the feed pump greater than or equal to 75℃
21) High filter differential pressure of the fire-resistant oil manifold (greater than or
equal to 0.35MPa)
22)High or low lube oil level of the oil tank (positive 150mm, negative 150mm)
23)High differential pressure of the lube oil filter (greater than or equal to 0.1MPa)
24)Bearing eccentricity of the steam turbine for the feed pump greater than or
equal to 0.13mm
3.1.1.7 Minimum flow re-circulating valve and control valve of the turbo-feed pump
1) Open interlock: outlet flow of the turbo-feed pump less than 270m3/h or the
turbo-feed pump out of service
2) Closed interlock: the outlet flow more than m3/h
3.1.1.8 Outlet electric valve of the turbo-feed pump
1) Open interlock: the turbo-feed pump starts after delay time
2) Closed interlock: the turbo-feed pump out of service (impulse) or rotating speed of
the steam turbine for the feed pump less than 500
3.1.1.9HP main stop valve and drain valve (A/B) of the steam turbine for feed pump
1) Open interlock
a) Load of the unit less than a given value (15%)
b) Steam turbine trip
c) The corresponding steam turbine for the feed pump trip
2) Closed interlock: the valves will automatically close after the said conditions are
reset.
3.1.1.10 Electric vacuum exhaust butterfly valve of steam turbine for feed pump
1) Open interlock: corresponding steam turbine for feed pump trip
2) Closed interlock: corresponding steam turbine for feed pump trip
3.1.1.11Startup of AC main oil pumps (A/B) interlock of the steam turbine for the feed
- 29 -
pump
1) Outage of the process oil pump triggers the standby to start up;
2) The standby pump is jointly started in case of low-low lube oil pressure of the steam
turbine for the feed pump (less than or equal to 0.12Mpa).
3.1.1.12 One of the following startup conditions should be met in need for the DC
emergency oil pump’s interlock of the steam turbine for the feed pump, comprising:
1) Both of the AC oil pumps of the steam turbine for the feed pump trips due to failure.
2) The lube oil pressure of the steam turbine for the feed pump is low-low (less than or
equal to 0.105Mpa).
Note: The DC emergency oil pump of the steam turbine for the feed pump must be
manually stopped.
3.1.1.14 Startup and outage of lube oil tank's heater of the steam turbine for the feed
pump
1) Interlock startup: Low oil temperature of the lube oil tank (less than 25 ℃)
2) Interlock stop: High oil temperature of the lube oil tank (more than 30 ℃) and high
surface temperature of the heater (more than 140℃)
3.1.2.1 Startup conditions of the motor-driven feed pump (all the conditions are required to
meet):
No reverse alarm of the motor-driven feed pump happened LAA03CS102RT
Inlet electric valve of the booster pump of the motor-driven feed pump to be
opened already LAA10CZ130ZO
The minimum flow control valve of the motor-driven feed pump to be opened
already LAE30ZZ001 (greater than 95%)
)Lube oil pressure of the motor-driven feed pump in normal condition (not less
than LAC03CP215L and set to NOT)(greater than or equal to 0.15MPa)
Water level of the deaerator’s water tank in normal condition (greater than
1950mm and median of three)
Minimum location of a scoop tube LAC03ZZ001(less than 5%)
Outlet electric valve of the motor-driven feed pump to be closed in place
LAC30CZ130ZC
Differential pressure of the inlet strainer of the motor-driven pump in normal
condition
Radial bearing temperature of inlet LAA03CT382 and outlet LAA03CT381 sides
of the booster pump for the motor-driven feed pump less than 75℃
Thrust bearing temperature LAA03CT383 less than 75℃
Radial bearing temperature LAC03CT412 less than 80℃
- 30 -
Radial bearing temperature LAC03CT411 at hydraulic coupling end less than
80℃
Radial bearing temperature LAC03CT401 at the inlet side less than 75℃
Radial bearing temperature LAC03CT403 at the outlet side less than 75℃
Thrust bearings' temperature 1/2 of the motor-driven feed pump (LAC03CT405
and LAC03CT406) less than 75℃
Inlet oil temperature LAC03CT391 of the lube oil cooler of the hydraulic coupler
less than 75℃
Outlet oil temperature LAC03CT391 of the lube oil cooler of the hydraulic coupler
less than 55℃
A/B/C phase windings’ temperature of the motor’s 1/2/3 stators of the
motor-driven feed pump less than 120℃
Inlet temperature LAC03CT394 and outlet temperature LAC03CT393 of the
working oil cooler of the hydraulic coupler less than 110℃ and 75℃, respectively
Radial #1 bearing temperature 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10 of the coupler less than 85℃
3.1.2.2 Trip conditions of the motor-driven feed pump (one of these conditions is required
to meet):
1) Low-low water level of the deaerator LBD04CL203
Low-low lube oil pressure of the motor-driven feed pump
LAC03CP212LL/LAC03CP213LL/LAC03CP214LL (less than or equal to
0.08MPa)
The inlet electric valve LAA10CZ130ZC of the booster pump is closed when the
motor-driven feed pump is in operation.
High-high differential pressure of the inlet strainer (greater than 0.06MPa)
As the motor-driven feed pump is in operation, any one of the minimum flow
control valves is closed and the inlet flow is less than 164T/H with 10s delay.
Radial bearing temperature of inlet LAC03CT401/outlet LAC03CT403 sides of
the motor-driven feed pump greater than 100℃
1/2 thrust bearings’(LAC03CT405 and LAC03CT406 )temperature of the
motor-driven feed pump greater than 100℃
Inlet LAC03CT394/outlet LAC03CT393 oil temperature of the working oil cooler
of the hydraulic coupler greater than 130/70℃
Inlet LAC03CT391/outlet LAC03CT392 oil temperature of the working oil cooler
of the hydraulic coupler greater than 80/65℃
Radial bearing LAC03CT412 temperature at the booster pump end of the
motor-driven pump greater than 90℃
Radial bearing LAC03CT411 temperature at hydraulic coupler end of the motor
greater than 90℃
- 31 -
Radial #1 bearing temperature 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10 of the coupler greater than
90℃
As the pump LAC03AP001ZS is in operation, the inlet pressure LAC03CP001 is
less than 0.8(1.25MPa) and delays 10s.
Inlet and outlet water differential pressure greater than
3.1.2.3 Standby mode
1) Automatically operational conditions of the standby pump:
a)Start the auxiliary oil pump;
b)Open the outlet electric valve of the motor-driven feed pump;
c)Open the minimum flow re-circulating valve of the motor-driven feed pump (greater
than 95%).
2) Effective conditions of the standby pump:
a)The inlet valve of the booster pump has opened already;
b)The outlet valve of the motor-driven feed pump has opened already;
c)The minimum flow re-circulating valve of the motor-driven feed pump has opened
already;
d)The startup condition of the feed pump is met;
e)The feed pump is in outage state.
3) The standby pump in operation by interlock: Outage of any motor-driven feed pumps
will trigger the standby to operate under the standby mode.
4) Exit from the standby mode
a)Manually cut off the standby pump;
b)Start the standby pump by the interlock; Exit the standby mode after 30s;
c)Bring integrated protection of the feed pump in action
3.1.2.4 Startup/outage of an auxiliary oil pump interlock of the motor-driven feed pump
1)The auxiliary oil pump is started up by the interlock as the motor-driven feed pump is
put into standby.
2)The motor-driven feed pump in operation: In case of low lube oil pressure (less than
or equal to 0.15MPa), the auxiliary oil pump is started up by the interlock; whereas high
lube oil pressure (greater than or equal to 0.3Mpa) will trigger the auxiliary oil pump to
stop.
3)Outage of the motor-driven feed pump starts the auxiliary oil pump by the interlock,
and then it is jointly stopped after 5m.
3.1.2.5 Inlet electric valve of the booster pump
1) Closure-allowable condition: the motor-driven feed pump out of service and the inlet
electric valve to be closed in place LAC30CZ130ZC
2) Open interlock: when the motor-driven feed pump is put into standby, the interlock is
opened.
- 32 -
3.1.2.6 Outlet electric valve of the motor-driven feed pump
1) Closed interlock: the motor-driven feed pump trip
2) Open interlock: the motor-driven feed pump in operation or standby
3.1.2.7 Minimum flow re-circulating control valve of the motor-driven feed pump
1) Open interlock: outlet flow of it less than 200m3/h
2) Closed interlock: outlet flow of it greater than 400m3/h
3.1.2.8 Alarm conditions of the motor-driven feed pump
1) Outlet flow of it less than 200m3/h or greater than 400m3/h
2) Low lube oil pressure (less than or equal to 0.15MPa)
3)Low inlet pressure (less than or equal to 1.4MPa and 30s delay)
4)High inlet oil temperature of the lube oil cooler of the hydraulic coupler (1-value
greater than 65℃ and 2-value greater than 70℃)
5)High outlet oil temperature of the lube oil cooler of the hydraulic coupler (1-value
greater than 55℃ and 2-value greater than 60℃)
6)Inlet oil temperature of the working oil cooler of the hydraulic coupler (scoop pipe
orifice oil) (1-value greater than 110℃ and 2-value greater than 130℃)
7)Outlet oil temperature of the working oil cooler of the hydraulic coupler (1-value
greater than 75℃ and 2-value greater than 85℃)
8) High radial bearing temperature of the hydraulic coupler (1-value greater than 90℃
and 2-value greater than 95℃)
9) High stator winding temperature of the motor (greater than 120℃)
10) High radial bearing temperature of the driving end of the motor-driven feed pump
(1-value greater than 75℃ and 2-value greater than 90℃)
11) High radial bearing temperature of the free end of the motor-driven feed pump
(1-value greater than 75℃ and 2-value greater than 90℃)
12)High thrust bearing temperature (inside and outside) of the motor-driven feed pump
(1-value greater than 80℃ and 2-value greater than 95℃)
13)High radial bearing temperature of the driving end of the booster pump (1-value
greater than 75℃ and 2-value greater than 90℃)
14) High radial bearing temperature of the free end of the booster pump (1-value
greater than 75℃ and 2-value greater than 90℃)
15)High thrust bearing temperature (inside and outside) of the booster pump (1-value
greater than 80℃ and 2-value greater than 95℃)
16) High end bearing temperature of the motor coupling of the motor-driven feed pump
(1-value greater than 75℃ and 2-value greater than 80℃)
17) High end bearing temperature of the motor booster pump of the motor-driven feed
pump (1-value greater than 70℃ and 2-value greater than 80℃)
18) High differential pressure of the inlet strainer of the motor-driven feed pump (greater
- 33 -
than 0.06MPa)
19)High differential pressure of the inlet strainer of the booster pump (greater than
0.06MPa)
20)High differential pressure of the lube oil strainer (greater than 0.06MPa)
21) Pump reversal
- 35 -
OPC in operation
Pneumatic drain valves of steam pipes at inlet and outlet of the first extraction electric
valve
Open conditions of the interlock
HP heaters disconnection
Steam turbine load less than 10%
The first extraction electric valve LBD10CZ130ZC and check valve LBD10CZ430ZC in
closure condition
Upper and lower walls temperature difference of the first extraction steam pipe up to 42℃
OPC in operation
Interlock closure conditions:
30s delay in case that said interlock conditions are not existed;
The interlock is closed after 5m delay when the steam turbine load is greater than 10%.
Pneumatic drain valve of the steam turbine of the first extraction check valve inlet
Open conditions of the interlock:
HP heaters disconnection
Steam turbine load less than 10%
The first extraction electric valve LBD10CZ130ZC or check valve LBD10CZ430ZC in
closure condition
The upper and lower walls temperature difference of the first extraction steam pipe up to
42℃
OPC in operation
Interlock closure conditions:
30s delay in case that said closure conditions are not existed
The interlock is closed after 5m delay when the steam turbine load is greater than 10%.
Logic control sequence of the second and third extraction electric valve, the pneumatic
drain valve of the steam pipe of the electric valve inlet and outlet, the pneumatic drain
valve of the steam pipe of the check valve inlet is similar to the first extraction valves.
#1, #2 and #3 HP heaters inlet electric valves
Allowable open conditions:
#1, #2 and #3 HP heaters outlet electric valves to be opened in place
NO HP heaters electric valve failure
Water level of the HP heaters in normal condition
Interlock closure conditions:
3s delay when the #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters outlet valves are changed over on-position
HP heaters disconnection
The HP heaters in operation and the bypass valve to be closed
- 36 -
#1, #2 and #3 HP heaters outlet electric valves
Allowable open condition: Water level of the HP heaters in normal condition
Allowable closure condition: #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters inlet electric valves in closure
condition
Interlock closure conditions:
HP heaters disconnection
The HP heaters in operation (the bypass valve to be closed) or the inlet valves to be
closed
#1, #2 and #3 HP heaters electric bypass valves
Allowable open condition: No failure
Allowable closure condition: #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters inlet and outlet electric valves
in open state
Open conditions of the interlock
HP heaters disconnection
3s delay when the #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters inlet and outlet valves are changed over
on-position
#1 HP heaters emergency drain valve
HP heaters emergency disconnection or H-H water level is to open the valve by
the interlock.
1# HP heaters normal drain valve
High water level of the #2 HP heater is to close the normal drain valve by the
interlock.
#2 HP heaters emergency drain valve
HP heaters emergency disconnection or H-H water level is to open the valve by
the interlock.
#2 HP heaters normal drain valve
High water level of the #3 HP heater is to close the normal drain valve by the
interlock.
#3 HP heaters emergency drain valve
HP heaters emergency disconnection or H-H water level is to open the valve by
the interlock.
#3 HP heaters normal drain valve
H-H water level of the deaerator is to close the normal drain valve by the
interlock.
- 37 -
The third extraction check valve has opened already; the third extraction electric valve is
allowed to open.
The second extraction check valve has opened already; the second extraction electric
valve is allowed to open.
The first extraction check valve has opened already; the first extraction electric valve is
allowed to open.
3.1.3.1 #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters interlock protection
1)Water level protection of the HP heaters
a) Open corresponding pneumatic emergency drain control valves in case that water
level of any HP heater reaches high I value (greater than or equal to positive 38mm);
close it when the water level is normal.
b) In case that water level of any HP heater reaches high II value (greater than or
equal to positive 76mm)
(1)Close the pneumatic normal drain control valve of upper-stage heater;
(2)Open the emergency pneumatic drain control valve of upper-stage heater.
c) In case that water level of any HP heater reaches high III value (greater than or
equal to positive 120mm)
(1) Disconnect the HP heater
2)HP heater disconnection
a) HP heater disconnection conditions (one condition is required to meet)
(1)Steam turbine trip
(2)Generator trip
(3)Water level of any HP heater up to high 3-value
(4)OPC in operation
b) Linked objects and sequences of HP heaters disconnection
(1)Close the #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters extraction electric valves;
(2)Close the #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters extraction check valves;
(3)Close the #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters normal drain valves;
(4)Open #1, #2 and #3 HP heaters drain valves of the extraction electric valve inlet
and the extraction pneumatic check valve outlet;
(5)Close the HP heaters inlet three-way valves;
(6)Close the #1 HP heater outlet valve.
3)Low water level of the HP heater (less than or equal to negative 30mm) will interlock
following devices:
a) Alarm;
b) Automatically electrify the HP heater emergency drain solenoid valve.
3.1.3.2 #5 and #6 LP heaters interlock protection (normal water level is 0mm)
1)LP heater water level protection
- 38 -
a) Open corresponding pneumatic emergency drain control valves in case that water
level of any LP heater reaches high I value (greater than or equal to 40mm); close it
when the water level is normal.
b) In case that water level of any LP heater reaches high II value (greater than or
equal to 80mm)
(1)Close the pneumatic normal drain control valve of upper-stage heater;
(2)Open the emergency pneumatic drain control valve of upper-stage heater.
c) In case that water level of any LP heater reaches high III value (greater than or
equal to 120mm)
2)LP heater disconnection
- 39 -
pneumatic drain control valves in case that the water level of the LP heaters of this
stage is normal.
b)High II values water level of any LP heater (greater than or equal to 90mm)
(1)Close the pneumatic normal drain control valve of upper-stage heater;
(2)Open the pneumatic normal drain control valve of upper-stage heater.
c)High III value water level of any LP heater (greater than or equal to 130mm): LP
heater disconnection
2)LP heater disconnection
a)LP heater disconnection conditions (one of those conditions is required to meet)
(1)Steam turbine trip
(2)Generator trip
(3)High 3-value water level of any LP heater
(4)OPC in operation
b)Linked objects and sequences of LP heater disconnection
(1) Fully open the emergency pneumatic drain control valve of this stage LP heater;
(2) Fully close the pneumatic normal drain control valve of this stage LP heater;
(3) Fully open the emergency pneumatic drain control valve of upper-stage LP
heater;
(4) Fully close the pneumatic normal drain control valve of upper-stage LP heater;
(5) Open the corresponding #7 and #8 LP heaters water-side bypass valves;
(6)Close the #7(A/B) and #8(A/B) LP heaters inlet valves;
(7)Close the #7(A/B) and #8(A/B) LP heaters outlet valves.
3.1.4 The fourth extraction control and interlock protection of deaerator water level
3.1.4.1 Startup and stop sequences of the fourth extraction functional sub-group
1)Startup sequences:
Close the electric drain valve of the deaerator;
Open the steam pipe pneumatic drain valve of the fourth extraction A check valve
inlet and the fourth extraction B check valve outlet;
Open the fourth extraction A/B check valves;
Open the fourth extraction electric valve 1 after the deaerator water level (less
than ) is normal;
Open the fourth extraction to deaerator steam supply electric valve 2(including
pre-heating) and the fourth extraction steam pressure reaches a set value (greater
than 0.15MPa);
Close the steam pipe pneumatic drain valves of the fourth extraction A check valve
inlet and the fourth extraction B check valve after 600s delay.
2)Stop sequences:
- 40 -
Close the fourth extraction electric valve;
Operate to the deaerator fourth extraction electric valve;
Close the fourth extraction A/B check valves;
Open the steam pipe pneumatic valve of the fourth extraction A check valve inlet
and the fourth extraction B check valve outlet.
3.1.4.2 The fourth extraction A/B check valves
Interlock closure conditions:
Steam turbine trip
Generator trip
H-H-H water level of the deaerator LBD04CL201
OPC in operation U1007SOE: OPCACT
Deaerator pressure greater than 1.3MPa
Deaerator pressure less than 0.15MPa and the pressure control valves from the
auxiliary steam to the deaerator to be opened already
3.1.4.3 To the deaerator fourth extraction electric valve
1)Allowable open condition: No failure occurred at the segment to the fourth extraction
electric valve
2)Interlock closure conditions:
Steam turbine trip
Generator trip
- 42 -
3.1.4.10 the fourth extraction steam to electric valve of A/B steam turbine for feed water
pump
Allowable open condition: No failure
Interlock closure conditions:
Steam turbine trip
Generator trip
The steam turbine for feed water pump in outage (FROM MEH)
The steam turbine for feed water pump trip (FROM MEH)
OPC in operation
Deaerator vent valve
High deaerator pressure links the vent valve to open (greater than or equal to
1.0Mpa);
Non-high pressure links the vent valve to close (less than 1.0Mpa).
- 44 -
a) Manually cut off the standby mode;
b) Start the standby condensate pump by the interlock and exit the standby mode
after 30s in operation;
c) The integrated protection of the condensate pump is in operation.
A/B condensate pumps’ inlet electric valves
Allowable open condition: No failure occurred at the inlet electric valves
Allowable closure conditions:
This condensate pump is out of service;
This condensate pump is not allowed to stop in operation.
Open condition of the interlock
The standby condensate pump has put into operation.
A/B condensate pumps’ outlet electric valves
Allowable open and closure condition: No failure occurred at the inlet electric valves of
the A/B condensate pumps
Open condition of the interlock: This standby condensate pump has put into operation
or the condensate pump LCE01AP001ZS is in operation at 5s delay time.
Interlock closure condition: This condensate pump LCE01AP001ZS is in operation
Minimum flow re-circulating valve of the condensate pump (long instruction)
Allowable open condition: No fault signal
Open conditions of the interlock:
a) Low flow 350T/H
b) Interlock startup in case of high 2-value water level
Interlock closure condition: High condensate flow
Deaerator water level-control electric bypass valve
Allowable open condition: No fault signal
Open condition of the interlock: this valve is opened by the interlock at 10s delay
time in case that the condensate pump in operation and the deaerator water level
is low.
Interlock closure condition: This valve is closed by the protection of the interlock in
case of high water level.
Deaerator water level main control valve
This valve is closed by the interlock in case of high water level.
Make-up water control valve of the condensate hot well (electric bypass valve)
Allowable open condition: Fault signal
The valve is closed by the interlock in case of high hot well water level, but not
high release.
The valve is opened in case of low water level.
- 45 -
Attemperating water control valve inlet electric valve of condenser drain flash tank I
Open the attemperating water control valve in case of high exhaust temperature of
the drain flash tank I (greater than or equal to 60℃);
Close the attemperating water control valve in case of low exhaust temperature of
the drain flash tank I.
Low bypass tertiary attemperator (HP condenser) spray control valve inlet electric valve
Opening the LP bypass valve will link the tertiary attemperating water control valve
to open.
Closing the LP bypass valve will link the tertiary attemperating water control valve
to close.
Attemperating water control valve inlet electric valve of condenser drain flash tank II
Open the attemperating water control valve in case of high exhaust
temperature of the drain flash tank II (greater than or equal to 60℃);
Close the attemperating water control valve in case of low exhaust temperature
(less than or equal to 50℃)of the drain flash tank II.
Low bypass tertiary attemperator (LP condenser) spray control valve inlet electric valve
Opening the LP bypass valve will link the tertiary attemperating water control valve
to open.
Closing the LP bypass valve will link the tertiary attemperating water control valve to
close.
Temperature and pressure reducer control valve bypass electric valve from condensate
to sealing steam of the steam turbine
3.1.7 Gland sealing and auxiliary steam systems of the steam turbine
- 47 -
Open conditions of the gland overflow control valve interlock
High pressure of the gland steam supply manifold (greater than 0.18MPa)
Interlock closure condition of the gland overflow control valve
Low pressure of the gland steam supply manifold (less than or equal to 0.118MPa)
Open condition of the gland overflow electric valves A/B interlock
The gland overflow control valve to be open already
Interlock open conditions of main gland steam pressure control valve
Low pressure of the gland steam supply manifold (less than 0.13 MPa)
Interlock closure condition of main gland steam, auxiliary gland steam and cooling gland
steam pressure control valve
High gland steam manifold pressure (greater than 0.18MPa)
4.2.1 The turbine-boiler coordinated control system, through serving the boiler and turbine
generating set as an integer to control and enabling the functions of automatic
regulation, logic control and interlock protection to organically combine, is formed into an
integrated control system with multiple control functions that are able to meet the control
requirements of various operating modes and conditions.
4.2.1.1 Unit control modes: There are totally four modes for the turbine-boiler coordinated
control system
1) Coordinated control mode (CCSMODE): main control modes of the steam turbine
and the boiler are totally put into operation;
2) The main control mode of the steam turbine is manual; the boiler is automatic and the
boil main control mode is used for regulating main steam pressure;
3) Turbine follow mode(TFMODE): The main control mode of the steam turbine is
- 49 -
automatic; the main control mode of the boiler is manual and the former one is used for
regulating the main steam pressure;
4) Base mode (BASE): main control modes of the steam turbine and the boiler are
manual.
4.2.1.2 Unit target load formation
1) Automatic generation control: in case that the unit is in stable operation and the
coordinated control mode (CCSMODE) had put into operation, manually send out a
UNIT REMO ALLOWABLE command; send a “AGC (automatic generation control) in
operation signal” to the distributed control system (DCS) after the system control room
makes a judgment that the AGC can be put into operation; then receive an ADS
(automatic dispatching system) by the operator and trigger the UNIT REMO/LOCAL
HANDOVER COMMAND;in case that the unit needs to an independent operation, the
operator sends a command to cut off the ADS signal that triggers the UNIT
REMO/LOCAL HANDOVER COMMAND at the same time and dispatches returning the
AGC CUT-OFF signal.
Unit load circuit is of two modes that are manual and automatic modes. As the circuit is
automatic, the unit is in AGC mode and the unit target load receives the ADS command;
otherwise, the target load could be set by the operator (coordinated control mode) or
through tracking the actual unit load (non-coordinated control mode). The main control
mode of the unit needs to be set to trace status in case of RUNBACK, RUNUP and
RUNDOWN.
2)Allowable operating conditions of AGC
a) Effective ADS signal
b) The unit in coordinate operating mode
c) No RUNBACK
d) ADS command under limit
3) High-low limit: maximum and minimum limits of the unit target load are manually set
by the operator.
4) Variable load rate limit
The load rate is changed by a rate limit module and its limit value is set at an operator
station by the operation. Besides, the direction blocking functions merely by increasing
and reducing the blocking through setting the corresponding directional rate limit to zero.
Blocking command increase and reduction conditions comprise
a) Increased feed water control blocking
b) Increased fuel blocking
c) Increase main steam pressure blocking
d) Increased air flow control blocking
e) Increased induced air flow control blocking
- 50 -
f) Increased primary air control blocking
5) Load forward and maintenance
When the operator inputs a new target load at turbine-boiler coordinated control
mode, the reset target load is effective after pressing the FORWARD/MAINTENANCE
button; when the load set value reaches the target load, load automatically maintains. In
case of AGC mode, RUNBACK, RUNUP and RUNDOWN, the load automatically sets
to FORWARD and the target load is automatically effective.
6)Frequency correction
The frequency correction circuit is used for inherent frequency modulation for grid
frequency. The frequency correction is conducted by superimposing the corresponding
unit load adjusted value that is obtained by calculating the deviation of the grid
frequency through some dead bands on the target load. The circuit automatically
disconnects under following conditions:
a) Not at the coordinated control mode
b) Invalid frequency deviation signal
c) Unit under RUNBACK, RUNUP and RUNDOWN conditions
4.2.1.3 RUNBACK control
4.2.1.3 RUNBACK control
RB(Run Back)means that the unit on load is greater than the sustainable load
of current auxiliaries when essential auxiliaries of the unit are fault. At this time,
RB is required to quickly conduct to reduce the load acceptable to current
auxiliaries. The unit target load equal to the RB target value under the RB
condition. In case that the unit target load is up to the RB target value, namely
the unit allowable maximum output, the RB is completed. The AGC is cut off and
the unit is changed from the coordinated control mode the turbine following
boiler mode and it also can be manually reset.
1) RB adjustment: at the coordinated control mode, the RB is caused by following
auxiliaries’ faults, comprising:
a) Forced draft fan
b) Induced draft fan
c) Primary air fan
d) Coal pulverizer (two-layer and three-layer)
e) Feed water pump
2)RB occurrence conditions: in case that the unit load is greater than the allowable
maximum output of one of the forced draft fan, the induced draft fan and the primary
air fan, the allowable maximum output of one of the feed water pumps under the
situation that one set of feed water pump trips and the standby is not started in 5s and
the allowable maximum output of the coal pulverizer in operation under the situation
- 51 -
that one trips. The coal pulverizer-caused RB is different from the other one, the coal
pulverizer-caused RB is classified as RB#2 and the other one is RB#1.
The RB is completed when the actual unit load is less than the allowable maximum
load of the unit or the RB also can be manually reset.
3)RUNBACK target value circuit formation
When the RB happens, the target load automatically changes to the allowable
maximum output of the device that causes this RB and then the RB rate takes
effective.
4.2.1.4 Main steam pressure circuit setting
In constant pressure operation, keep the main steam admission pressure invariable
and change the unit power by regulating opening of the turbine control valve;
In sliding pressure operation, the control valve is full opened or closes to full open
and the unit power is changed by altering the steam admission pressure, namely
the steam admission pressure is maintained by the boiler and the pressure is the
function of the unit power that is changed with the power variation.
The adoption of the sliding pressure operation is to change the thermal stress and
deformation of the unit in condition-variable operation, so as to shorten the start
and stop time of the unit, reduce throttling loss and power consumption of the feed
water pump and improve the unit efficiency. The throttling loss refers to the loss of
steam flowed through the control valve.
The operating mode of the unit is classified as the constant and sliding pressure, with
different main steam pressure set value under different operating mode.
4.2.1.5 Boiler main control
1) Boiler main control M/A: the boiler command used for presetting the total fuel quantity
value synchronously functions to the main fuel control and air flow control circuits. In
case that the boiler main control is not automatic, it outputs a trace command for current
total fuel quantity.
2)Boiler main control and manual control switching conditions:
a) Bad actual power measuring point quality (take effect merely under the
coordinated control mode)
b) Bad main steam pressure measuring point quality
c) Bad governing stage pressure measuring point quality
d) Bad steam drum pressure measuring point quality
e) Big deviation between the main steam pressure and the set value
f) Furnace draft under manual control
g) All fuel under manual control
h) Out fire MFT
i) UNBACK
- 52 -
4.2.1.6 Turbine main control
1) Turbine follow control mode (TF): the boiler main control is manual. The main
steam pressure is changed by regulating opening of the turbine control valve.
2) Coordinated control mode: both the boiler and the turbine main control modes in
operation are called as turbine-boiler coordinated control mode.
3) Turbine main control M/A: Turbine main control and manual control switching
conditions:
a) Bad actual power measuring point quality
b) Bad main steam pressure measuring point quality
c) Unallowable DEH remote control
d) DEH out of remote control
4.2.1.7 Allowable cut-off conditions of DEH remote control
1)Manual cut-off
2)Bad load reference measuring point quality
3)Large deviation between the turbine main control output and the load reference value
4)Large deviation between the load command and the actual power
5)Large deviation between the main steam pressure set value and the measuring value
Allowable DEH remote control can be sent out by a DEH remote control request button in
case that the aforesaid conditions are totally met.
4.2.2.1 As the unit starts on low load, a set of motor-driven pump is put into operation and
the water level of the steam drum is controlled by a feed water bypass control valve. A
main feed water valve is opened as the opening of the bypass valve is above 75% and the
main steam reaches the required flow. After the main feed water valve is full opened, the
water level of the steam drum is controlled by governing the rotating speed of the
motor-driven pump. With the load rise, the turbo-feed water pump starts. It first operates in
parallel with the motor-driven pump, and then gradually replaces the motor-driven pump to
bear the load.
4.2.2.2 Single impulse control is used when the unit load is less than 25%; otherwise
three-element control is applied. Water level of the steam drum is controlled by governing
the rotating speed of the turbo-feed water pump and the motor-driven pump is used to
standby after the unit load is greater than 25%.
4.2.2.3 Feed pump regulation
1) Manual switching conditions of the motor-driven feed pump
a) Invalid steam drum water level signal
b) Big deviation between the set valve of the steam drum water level and the
measuring value
- 53 -
c) Big deviation between the scoop pipe control command of the feed pump and the
feedback
d) Bad scoop pipe position feedback quality
e) Feed pump out of service
f) The turbo-feed water pump in automatic operation
2) Manual switching conditions of the turbo-feed water pump control
a) Invalid steam drum water level signal
b) Big deviation between the set valve of the steam drum water level and the
measuring value
c) Invalid feed water flow signal
d) Poor main steam flow signal quality
e) Big deviation of MEH(microcomputer electro-hydraulic)control command and
feedback
f) The steam turbine for feed water pump trip
g) MEH control
h) The motor-driven feed pump in automatic operation
3)Lockout load increase, reduction and rundown
After the output commands of the feed water pump in operation are totally out of
tolerance, the lockout load increases. Further deterioration and the water level of the
steam drum lower than the set value, rundown occurs. In case that the output
commands of the feed pump in operation totally exceed the lower limit, the lockout
load reduces.
4.2.3.1 In order to prevent cavitation, the re-circulating valve of the feed pump is used for
controlling the inlet flow of the feed pump not lower than the allowable minimum flow.
4.2.3.2 Full open the re-circulating valve in case of the inlet flow of the feed pump less
than the alarm value
4.2.3.2 Manual switching conditions:
1) Big deviation of the valve command and the position feedback
2) Poor quality of the valve position feedback
3) Invalid inlet flow signal of the feed pump
- 54 -
At the initial startup of the unit, the deaerator is in constant pressure operation
maintained by its pressure control valve and its steam supply is from the auxiliary steam
system.
2) While the deaerator steam supply is replaced with the fourth extraction steam supply
with the load rise, it is put into sliding pressure operation and its control valve is
gradually full closed.
3) When the unit trips in normal operation with the pressure drop rate in exceed of the
set rate (0.05MPa/min), the pressure control valve could be gradually opened to
prevent from flash evaporation resulting from excessively fast pressure drop rate.
4) Full-closed pressure control valve for H-H deaerator pressure
5) Manual switching conditions:
a) Invalid deaerator pressure signal
b) Big deviation of the valve command and position feedback
c) Poor quality of the valve position feedback
4.2.5.1 Opening regulation of the water control valves A (main control valve) and B
(bypass control valve) is to control the deaerator water level.
4.2.5.2 The single impulse control is applied at the time of initial startup and low load stage
of the unit and the three-element control is used in normal load operation of the unit. The
feed water flow is used as a feed-forward signal under three-element control and the
condensate flow is served as a process value of a three-element secondary controller.
4.2.5.3 The bypass valve is used as the output of the secondary control is within 30%;
otherwise the main control valve is applied.
4.2.5.4 The bypass and main control valves are forced to be closed while the water level
of the deaerator is high 2-value.
4.2.5.5 Manual switching conditions
1) Invalid deaerator water level signal
2) Big deviation of the deaerator water level and set value
3) Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4) Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.6.1 A make-up water control valve on the make-up water pipe of the condenser is used
for controlling the water level of it.
4.2.6.2 Manual conditions:
1) Invalid condenser water level signal
- 55 -
2) Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3) Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4) Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.7.1 Inside temperature of the flash tank in normal operation is regulated by the control
valve. The bypass electric valve is opened to spray in case of the control valve fault or
excessive inside temperature.
4.2.9.1 The #1 HP heater water level in normal condition is controlled by regulating the
opening of the #1 HP heater water level control valve (regulate the #1 HP heater drain
water to flow into the #2 HP heater drain water well). When the #1 HP heater water level is
excessively high, it can be controlled by regulating the opening of the #1 HP heater
emergency drain valve (make the #1 HP heater drain water flow into the drain flash tank).
When the circuit is manually controlled, the water level is set to actual trace value. After it
is automatic, the water level can be set by the operator. The set value of the controller of
the #1 HP heater emergency drain valve is higher than forward-bias of the normal water
level set value.
4.2.9.2 Full open the emergency drain valve in case of H-H #1 HP heater water level
4.2.9.3 Manual switching conditions of the water level control valve of the #1 HP heater
1) Invalid water level signal
2) Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3) Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4) Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.9.4 Manual switching conditions of the water level emergency drain valve of the #1 HP
- 56 -
heater
1) Invalid water level signal
2) Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
3) Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.10.1 The #2 HP heater water level in normal condition is controlled by regulating the
opening of the #1 HP heater water level control valve (regulate the #2 HP heater drain
water to flow into the #3 HP heater drain water well). When the #2 HP heater water level is
excessively high, it can be controlled by regulating the opening of the #2 HP heater
emergency drain valve (make the #2 HP heater drain water flow into the drain flash tank).
4.2.10.2 Full open the emergency drain valve in case of H-H #2 HP heater water level
4.2.10.3 Manual switching conditions of the water level control valve of the #2 HP heater
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.10.4 Manual switching conditions of the water level emergency drain valve of the #2
HP heater
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
3)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.11.1 The #3 HP heater water level in normal condition is controlled by regulating the
opening of the #3 HP heater water level control valve (regulate the #3 HP heater drain
water to flow into the deaerator). When the #3 HP heater water level is excessively high, it
can be controlled by regulating the opening of the #3 HP heater emergency drain valve
(make the #3 HP heater drain water flow into the drain flash tank).
4.2.11.2 Full open the emergency drain valve in case of H-H #3 HP heater water level
4.2.11.3 Manual switching conditions of the water level control valve of the #3 HP heater
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.11.4 Manual switching conditions of the water level emergency drain valve of the #3
HP heater
- 57 -
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
3)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.12.1 The #5 LP heater water level in normal condition is controlled by regulating the
opening of the #5 LP heater water level control valve (regulate the #5 LP heater drain
water to flow into the #6 LP heater). When the #5 LP heater water level is excessively high,
it can be controlled by regulating the opening of the #5 LP heater emergency drain valve
(make the #5 LP heater drain water flow into the condensate tank).
4.2.12.2 Full open the emergency drain valve in case of H-H #5 LP heater water level
4.2.12.3 Manual switching conditions of the water level control valve of the #5 LP heater
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.12.4 Manual switching conditions of the #5 LP heater emergency drain valve
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
3)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.13.1 The #6 LP heater water level in normal condition is controlled by regulating the
opening of the #6 LP heater water level control valve (regulate the #6 LP heater drain
water to flow into the #7 LP heater). When the #6 LP heater water level is excessively high,
it can be controlled by regulating the opening of the #6 LP heater emergency drain valve
(make the #6 LP heater drain water flow into the condensate tank).
4.2.13.2 Full open the emergency drain valve in case of H-H #6 LP heater water level
4.2.13.3 Manual switching conditions of the water level control valve of the #6 LP heater
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.13.4 Manual switching conditions of the #6 LP heater emergency drain valve
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
3)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
- 58 -
4.2.14 #7 A/B LP heaters water level control
4.2.14.1 The #7 A/B LP heaters water level in normal condition is controlled by regulating
the opening of the #7 A/B LP heaters water level control valve (regulate the #7 A/B LP
heaters drain water to flow into the #8 A/B LP heaters). When the #7 A/B LP heaters water
level is excessively high, it can be controlled by regulating the opening of the #7 A/B LP
heaters emergency drain valve (make the #7 A/B LP heaters drain water flow into the
condensate tank).
4.2.14.2 Full open the emergency drain valve in case of H-H #7 A/B LP heaters water
level
4.2.14.3 Manual switching conditions of the water level control valve of the #7 A/B LP
heaters
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.14.4 Manual switching conditions of the #7 A/B LP heaters emergency drain valve
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
3)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.15.1 The #8 A/B LP heaters water level in normal condition is controlled by regulating
the opening of the #8 A/B LP heaters water level control valve (regulate the #8 A/B LP
heaters drain water to the condensate tank flow). When the #8 A/B LP heaters water level
is excessively high, it can be controlled by regulating the opening of the #8 A/B LP heaters
emergency drain valve (make the #8 A/B LP heaters drain water flow into the condensate
tank ).
4.2.15.2 Full open the emergency drain valve in case of H-H #8 A/B LP heaters water
level
4.2.15.3 Manual switching conditions of the water level control valve of the #8 A/B LP
heaters
1)Invalid water level signal
2)Big deviation of the set value and the measuring value
3)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
4)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
4.2.15.4 Manual switching conditions of the #8 A/B LP heaters emergency drain valve
1)Invalid water level signal
- 59 -
2)Big deviation of the control valve command and the position feedback
3)Poor quality of the control valve position feedback
- 60 -
Cold state T<320℃
Warm state 320℃≤T<420℃
Hot state 420℃≤T<445℃
Extreme hot state 445℃≤T
The unit thermal states division automatically accords with the reheater inner
casing wall temperature T when IP starting.
- 62 -
The operator sends a HOLD command while it is not at the ATR mode.
In the critical speed zone, the HOLD command is invalid, target speed modification is
the only way.
5)3000r/min constant rotating speed: While the rotating speed of the steam turbine is
stabilized above 3000 minus or plus 2r/min, the check prior to the synchronization for
each system is conducted. For checking reliability and regulation correctively of an
automatic synchronization system, the generator is conducted a false synchronization
test. During the test, an isolating switch of the generator grid side disconnects to send a
false synchronization test signal. Similar to the condition in normal operation, the
synchronization system alters the motor frequency and voltage with the DEH and the
generator excitation system. While meeting the synchronous condition, the oil switch is
connected. For the reason that the isolating switch is disconnected, the generator is
actually not synchronous. Therefore, the DEH-received false synchronization test signal
when the oil switch is connected is not regarded as generator synchronization during
the test, so as to avoid speed rise resulting from synchronization and initial load.
6)Automatic synchronization: Before the unit synchronization, the steam turbine
rotating speed is automatically governed according to synchronization increase and
reduction signals of a synchronization device while the DEH receives the
“synchronization in operation” signal from the device. The oil switch can be connected
on the premise of meeting all synchronous conditions.
4.3.2.4 Before the unit synchronization, the steam turbine rotating speed is
automatically governed according to synchronization increase and reduction signals
of a synchronization device while the DEH receives the “synchronization in operation”
signal from the device. The oil switch can be connected on the premise of meeting all
synchronous conditions. To avoid the occurrence of reverse-power, the DEH
immediately increases the given value to enable the motor on 5% initial load.
4.3.2.5 Loading
1) For the inherent frequency modulation, the governing system of the SHE is provided
with rotating speed feedback after the generator synchronization. While testing or
operating on a base load, load control or main steam pressure control functions also can
be taken effect. While the load control functions, both the target value and the set value
are expressed in the form of MW. While the main steam pressure control functions, they
are expressed in the form of MPa. In case that the said two functions are unavailable, they
are expressed by the percentage of the total flow under rated pressure.
After the target value is set, the set value automatically approaches to the target value
with a set load rate, and then the generator load gradually increases. In the process of
loading, pre-warming is required for the steam turbine to reduce thermal stress.
2)Target value: Besides the operator, the DEH also can automatically set the target
- 63 -
value under following conditions:
While the load control function is just put into operation, the target value is current
load (MW).
As the main steam pressure control function is put into operation, the target value is
current main steam pressure (MPa).
While the generator is just synchronized, the target value is initial load set value (%).
The target value is valve total flow command (%) at the manual state.
While the said functions are stopped, the target value is valve total flow command
(%).
The target value equals to zero at the time of trip.
The target value (%) is set by the CCS as the CCS is in operation.
In case of excessive target value, it is 115% of the upper limit or 640MW.
3)Load rate: The load rate scope set by the operation is within 0MW/min~100MW/min.
Under the self-driving mode, the load rate is obtained according to the ATR. If the target
value is expressed in form of percentage, the load rate is correspondingly expressed in
percentage.
4)Warm-up: The steam turbine in the process of load is required to warm up for the
reasons of thermal stress, differential expansion and so on. If temporary stopping is
needed, operate as follow:
The operator sends a HOLD command when the steam turbine is not at the CCS.
Otherwise, the operator sends a HOLD command after exiting the CCS mode.
5)Constant pressure-sliding pressure-constant pressure loading: After the HP bypass
valves are full closed, feed fuel to the boiler and maintain the HP control valves at 90%
of the rated value. With the increase of the steam parameter, the load gradually
increases. During sliding pressure loading, both the load control and the main steam
control functions are not put into operation. If it is necessary for warming up, a
combustion control system could be used for maintaining flaming so as to keep the load
invariable; otherwise, the said two functions must be put into operation. At this time, the
invariable load must be maintained by the function of throttling of the control valve.
4.3.2.6 Load control mode
1)Main steam pressure control (TPC): the main steam pressure controller is a PI
regulator that is used for outputting a calculated control commands for the control valves
and the ICV by comparing the set valve with the main steam pressure. In case that the
coordinated control and steam pressure control under the turbine follow mode are
required for the DEH system, the DEH system must be provided with a main steam
pressure control circuit. Controlling the opening of the control valves according to the
deviation of the main stop valve inlet main steam pressure and the set value is able to
keep the inlet pressure invariable in constant pressure operation and the unit power can
- 64 -
be altered by controlling the opening of the control valves. The unit power variation in
sliding pressure operation is realized by altering the inlet pressure when the turbine
control valves are nearly full open or full open. That is the inlet pressure is maintained by
the boiler. And the pressure is the function of the unit power and changes with the
variation of the unit power.
Operating conditions of the main steam pressure control:
The control system in automatic mode
Unavailable CCS control function
The main steam pressure signal in normal condition
Unavailable TPC
Unavailable inherent frequency modulation
Unavailable load limit
Disable conditions of the main steam pressure control function
The main steam pressure control function to be stopped by the operator
The main steam pressure signal failure
The control system in manual operation
Available TPC
Available inherent frequency modulation
Available load limit
Oil switch to be disconnected
Turbine trip
The main steam pressure control and load control functions can not be put into
operation at the same time. When the main steam pressure control functions, the set
point is expressed in the form of MPa. While adopting the PID no-corresponding control,
the actual main steam pressure equals to the set value at stable state.
2)Load control: The main steam pressure controller is a PI regulator that is used for
outputting a calculated control commands for the control valves and the ICV by
comparing the set valve with the main steam pressure. The operating conditions of the
load control, comprising:
The control system in automatic mode
Unavailable CCS control function
Normal power signal
Unavailable load limit
Unavailable TPC
Unavailable inherent frequency modulation
Disable conditions of the load control
The load control function to be stopped by the operator
Power signal failure
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Oil switch to be disconnected
At the time of reaching the sliding pressure point
Available TPC
The control system in manual operation
Available inherent frequency modulation
Available load limit
Load less than 30MW or greater than 600MW
Turbine trip
The main steam pressure control and load control functions can not be put into
operation at the same time. When the load control functions, the set point is expressed
in the form of MW. While adopting the PID no-corresponding control, the actual load
equals to the set value at the stable state.
3)Inherent frequency modulation: In order to guarantee the stability of the grid and the
electricity supply quality, the inherent frequency modulation usually could be put into
operation when the turbine generating set is in synchronous operation. When the unit
rotating speed is within the dead zone, the frequency regulation is set to zero and the
inherent frequency modulation is unavailable. Otherwise, the inherent frequency
modulation is available and the frequency regulation set value is varied with the rotating
speed based on a regulation. The regulation is adjustable within 3%-6%, primarily 5%.
The dead zone is adjustable within 0r/min~30r/min and set to 4.5r/min. The dead zone
range: 3000r/min minus or plus dead zone value. The operating conditions of the inherent
frequency modulation:
The control system in automatic operation and no rotating speed circuit failure
After the load is firstly greater than 10% of the rated load
4)CCS control: in case that the CCS control is put into operation, the valves general
commands of the steam turbine are controlled by the boiler control system, the DEH target
load is set by the CCS set signal and the inherent frequency modulation dead zone is
changed to 30r/min. The operating conditions of the CCS control function comprise:
The control system in automatic operation already
The unit to be synchronized already
The CCS request signal to be received already and its command signal in normal
condition
Unavailable TPC
Unavailable inherent frequency modulation
Disable conditions of the CCS control function
Available TPC
Available inherent frequency modulation
Available load limit
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The control system in manual operation
No CCS request signal or CCS command signal failure
Oil switch to be disconnected
5)Main steam pressure limit (TPC): in case that the boiler system is unable to maintain
the main steam pressure for some failures, turning down the opening of the control valves
to reduce the steam flow can be used for putting back the main steam pressure. The
operating conditions of the main steam pressure limit:
The steam turbine to be synchronized already
The main steam pressure signal in normal condition
The control system in automatic operation
Disable conditions of the main steam pressure control
Oil switch to be disconnected
The main steam pressure signal failure
The control system changed into manual mode
If the main steam pressure is less than the set limit value during the period of the
main steam pressure limit function in operation, the main steam pressure limit
functions. In operation, the set point reduces with 1%/s change rate based on the
change rate of the early period. The target value and the set point equal to the
total valves position reference value and they reduce with the reference value. If
the main steam pressure rises above the limit value, stop the set point. If the main
steam pressure keeps invariable, stop reducing the actual load while it drops to a
given value.
While the main steam pressure limit is in operation, the load control and main
steam control functions are automatically unavailable and the CCS control
function is out of service as well.
6)High load limit: in case that the steam turbine generating set is inclined to operate on
a load not high during a period, the operator is able to set a high load limit value within a
scope ranging from 570MW to 640MW, so as to keep the actual load less than the value
corresponding to the limit value all the time.
7)Low load limit: in case that the steam turbine generating set is inclined to operate on a
load not very low during a period, the operator is able to set a low load limit value within a
scope ranging from 0MW to 60MW, so as to keep the actual load greater than the value
corresponding to the limit value all the time.
8)Valve-position limit: in case that the steam turbine generating set is inclined to
operate with a small valves opening for some reasons during a period, the operator is
able to set a valve position limit value within the range from 0% to 120%. The DEH total
valve position set value is a much small value between the load reference value and the
limit value. In order to prevent the valve position from jumping, the valve position limit
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value is limited by the change rate, namely 1%/s.
4.3.2.7 Over-speed limit
1) Load rejection: when the unit rejects load greater than or equal to 15% and less than
or equal to 40% of the rated load, a DEH acceleration relay acts to fast close the IP
control valve and the target and set rotating speeds are changed to 3000r/min at the
same time. After a time, the servo valve recoveries control for the IP control valve. At
last the turbine rotating speed is stabilized at 3000r/min, so as to avoid fast
synchronization after removing the accident. When the unit rejects load greater than or
equal to 40% of the rated load, a DEH power-load unbalance relay acts to fast close the
HP control valve and the IP control valve and to enable the target and set rotating
speeds to be changed to 3000r/min. After a time, the servo valve recoveries control for
the HP control valve. At last the turbine rotating speed is stabilized at 3000r/min, so as
to avoid fast synchronization after removing the accident.
2) Acceleration control (ACC): when the turbine rotating speed is greater than
3060r/min and acceleration is greater than 49r/min/s, an acceleration control circuit acts
to fast close the IP control valve and restrict the maximum momentary speed of the
steam turbine.
3) Power-load unbalance (PLU): Unbalance of the steam turbine power (with the use of
reheat steam pressure characterization) and the steam turbine load (with the use of
generator load characterization) will lead to steam turbine over-speed. When the
deviation of the reheat steam pressure and the generator load exceeds the set value,
the power-load unbalance relay acts to fast close the HP and IP control valves so as to
restrict the turbine maximum momentary speed.
4) 103% over-speed (OPC): Under the condition that an over-speed test key switch is at
normal position, once the rotating speed in excess of 103%, an over-speed limit
solenoid valve quickly acts to close the HP and IP control valves and the servomotors
are totally in outage. When the rotating speed is less than 103% of the rated speed, the
solenoid valve loses electricity and the servo valves recoveries control for the control
valves.
4.3.2.8 Over-speed protection
For safety and reliability, the system is equipped with multiple over-speed
protection, including DEH electric over-speed protection 110%, emergency trip
eccentric ring mechanical over-speed protection 110%-111%, operator manual
stop and trip signal from the ETS (emergency trip system).
4.3.2.9 Online test: it comprises emergency governor eccentric ring oil spray test,
DEH electric over-speed test, mechanical over-speed test, valve mobility test,
main trip solenoid valve test and valve tightness test.
4.3.2.10 Switch-over between the DEH automatic/manual modes: the turbine
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control modes include the manual and automatic modes. If there are some faults
occurred for the automatic mode, the steam turbine will automatically switch to
the manual mode.
Exit the automatic mode under following conditions:
Turbine manual button to be operated
The valve leak test
The rotating speed is less than 2980r/min at the time of synchronizing.
Automatic mode is allowable for operating in case that there are not above said
conditions happed and the valve position limit does not act.
4.3.2.11 Changeover between the DEH automatic/manual modes
1) The turbine control includes the automatic and manual control modes.
2) If there is part of failure for the automatic control mode, replace it with the manual
control mode. Exit the automatic control mode under following conditions:
a) Turbine manual button to be operated
b) The valve leak test
c) The rotating speed is less than 2980r/min at the time of synchronizing.
Automatic mode is allowable for operating in case that there are not above said
conditions happed and the valve position limit does not act.
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5.8 Turbine Mechanical Over-speed Test
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water spray device must be put into operation.
5.8.3.9 Modify the DEH and the TSI protection action value to 3330 r/min;
5.8.4 Test procedures:
5.8.4.1 Load down according to normal stop procedure;
5.8.4.2 Start the TOP and MSP and make sure they are in normal operation;
5.8.4.3 The HLP bypass at the follow mode;
5.8.4.4 Latch again to keep the rotating speed at 3000r/min after the remote and local
manual trip tests is separately performed and qualified;
5.8.4.5 Confirm that the indicating lamps on the DEH associated with the tests indicate
correctly;
5.8.4.6 Check whether the testing conditions on the DEH CONTROL screen are met;
5.8.4.7 Press the MECH OSP TEST button to put it at the ON position after accessing the
OVERSPEED TEST screen;
5.8.4.8 Set the target rotating speed at 3340 r/min;
5.8.4.9 Press a GO button to begin rising speed; beginning from the speed of 3000 r/min
at the rate of 300r/min/min, the speed accelerates to 108% of the rated speed, namely
3240 r/min; and then its rate is changed to 100r/min/min and it slowly raises to the
eccentric ring action speed. The DEH records the trip rotating speed and displays it on the
OIS screen. If the unit does not act as its speed is up to 3330r/min, it means that the
mechanical trip is failed and the electric over-speed protection functions. Check whether
the HIP main stop valves, control valves, every extraction check valves, HP cylinder
exhaust check valves are fast closed, and the emergency dump valve (BDV) is opened;
record current action speed.
5.8.4.10 in case that the electric over-speed protection does not function as the speed of
the steam turbine rises to its action value, manually stop immediately.
5.8.4.11 the emergency governor over-speed test should be made twice under the same
situation and difference of the action speed during twice tests should not exceed 18r/min.
5.8.4.12 The MECH OSP TEST button automatically switches to the OFF position after
the completion of the test.
5.8.4.13 reset the electric over-speed protection set value to 3300 r/min after the
completion of the test.
5.8.4.14 the test must be completed in 30min.
5.8.5 Cautions:
5.8.5.1 Dwell time at the high speed zone with the speed of 3200r/min should not exceed
1min.
5.8.5.2 in case that the emergency governor does not act when the speed is up to 3330
r/min, immediately trip. The test should be continuous after finding out the causes and
taking the right measures.
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5.8.5.3 The unit is prepared for stopping after a long-term operation. In case that its
operating condition is unclear, it strictly forbids making the over-speed test.
5.8.5.4 Prohibit performing the over-speed test prior to the overhaul;
5.8.5.5 Prohibit performing the test at the rated parameter or approximate to the rated
parameter;
5.8.5.6 Prohibit performing the test under following conditions: jammed emergency
governing system, control valves, main stop valves, extraction check valves; unqualified
tightness of the control valves, main stop valves and the extraction check valves; the unit
bearing vibration out of limits and the unit in abnormal operation.
5.8.5.7 The bearing oil inlet temperature should be maintained within normal range during
the test.
5.9.3.3 The over-speed test during the cold startup of the unit should be made under the
condition that the unit operates for 3-4h with the load of 150MW.
5.9.3.4 Enough testing personnel, testers and tools are required to prepare prior to the
test.
5.9.3.5 During the test, the remote and local manual trip handles must be in charge of
special personnel. A speed indicator should be provided at the front box. The centralized
and local communication facilities are in good condition.
5.9.3.6 During the test, it must closely monitor the rotating speed, vibration, axial
displacement, LP cylinder exhaust temperature and so on.
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5.9.3.7 Before the test, put associated recorders and printers into operation to
continuously type the said parameters.
5.9.3.8 The main and reheat steam pressure must meet the requirement of the
corresponding startup curves, and the main and reheat steam temperature should be
stable and matched with the turbine metal temperature. The main steam pressure should
be ranged from 5MPa to 6MPa; the main steam temperature should be above 350℃~
400℃; the IP cylinder admission pressure should be maintained at 0.1MPa~0.2MPa
through the HLP bypass; The reheat temperature should be ranged from 300℃ to 350℃.
The condenser vacuum and exhaust temperature must be normal; otherwise, a cooling
water spray device must be put into operation.
5.9.4 Test procedures:
5.9.4.1 OPC protection test
1)The OPC key test is performed before the unit startup.
2)Methods:
a. Check the EH oil system, i.e. make sure it has put into operation and electrified;
b. Click the LATCH button on the DEH AUTO CONTROL screen; make sure the
mainframe safety oil is in place, the RSVL, RSVR IP main stop valves are full opened;
check the MSVL and MSVR and make sure they are full open after clicking the RUN
button;
c. Manually open the HP and IP control valves;
d. Switch the OPC changeover switch to the “TEST” position on the DEH manual
operating panel;
e. Check the HP and IP control valves i.e. make sure they are closed;
f. Switching the OPC changeover switch to the "NORMAL” position, making sure the
HP and IP control valves are opened, the test is completed.
3)OPC dynamic test
a. The unit rolls to 3000 r/min.
b. Check the OPC key switch i.e. makes sure it is at the NORMAL position;
c. Set the target rotating speed as 3091 r/min, acceleration rate 50 r/min/min and then
accelerate;
d. The rotating speed displayed on the screen is greater than or equal to 103% when
the rotating speed is up to 3090 r/min.
e. Check that the HP and IP control valves, the HP and IP drain valves and the HP
cylinder exhaust check valve are closed, the HP cylinder exhaust vent valve and the
LP cylinder exhaust spray valve are opened; the rotating speed begins to slow down.
f. When the rotating speed slows down below 3000r/min, check the HP and IP control
valves i.e. make sure they are gradually opening and maintain the rotating speed at
3000r/min.
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5.9.4.2 Electric over-speed protection test
1) Load down according to normal stop procedure;
2) Start the TOP and MSP and make sure they are in normal operation;
3) The HLP bypass at the follow mode;
4) Generator disconnection and the rotating speed to be maintained at 3000r/min;
5) Latch again to keep the rotating speed at 3000r/min after the remote and local
manual trip tests is separately performed and qualified;
6) Confirm that the indicating lamps on the DEH associated with the tests indicate
correctly;
7) Press the ELEC OSP TEST button to put it at the ON position after accessing the
OSP TEST screen;
8) Modify the rotating speed as 3310r/min;
9) Send out GO command through the OIS;
10) Beginning from the speed of 3000 r/min at the rate of 300r/min/min, the speed
accelerates to 108% of the rated speed; and then its rate is changed to 100r/min/min
and it slowly rises to the eccentric ring action speed till 3300r/min to trip (or manual trip).
The DEH records the trip rotating speed and displays it on the OIS screen.
11) The ELEC OSP TEST button automatically switched to the OFF position after the
completion of the test.
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5.12.4.1 Check the mainframe lubricating oil system i.e. makes sure it is in normal
operation;
5.12.4.2 Slowly open the test valve of the AC auxiliary oil pump;
5.12.4.3 Check the AC auxiliary oil pump, i.e. make sure its startup, current and oil
pressure are normal;
5.12.4.4 Close the test valve;
5.12.4.5 Remotely stop the AC auxiliary oil pump;
5.12.4.6 Check the mainframe lubricating oil system i.e. make sure it is normal; if the
pressure of the system drops, immediately start the AC oil pump and report to associated
leaders;
5.12.4.7 Make the low oil pressure startup test for the corresponding oil pumps with the
test valves of the DC emergency oil pump and the startup oil pump;
5.12.4.8 Confirm that every test valve is at the anticlockwise bottom after the completion
of the test;
5.12.4.9 Check the lubricating oil system, i.e. make sure it is in normal operation.
5.15.1 Purposes:
5.15.1.1 Measure the dynamic maximum momentary speed of the control system after the
load rejection of the unit that should be less than the action value of the over-speed
protection device.
5.15.1.2 The transition process of the rotating speed after the load rejection attenuates
and the unit is in idle operation at the rotating speed of 3000r/min after oscillating several
times.
5.15.1.3 Measure the dynamic process of the key link in the control system at the time of
load rejection;
5.15.1.4 Check the mainframe and associated facilitates for their adoptive capability to
the load rejection and mutual time relation, so as to provide data for improving the
dynamic quality of the unit and analyzing the performances of the facilities.
5.15.2 Testing conditions:
5.15.2.1 Establish a commanding agency for the test with clear assignment of
responsibilities and duties and appoint a commander in chief for the unified command of
the test;
5.15.2.2 Have a testing schedule that is approved by the department in charge and set
jointly by every party;
5.15.2.3 Every professional participant in the test must be provided with reliable
communication facility;
5.15.2.4 The testers must be full, reliably and soundly equipped.
5.15.2.5 The workers in charge of the operation should be well trained and has a clear
assignment for the responsibility and duty.
5.15.2.6 Completed and qualified tests
⑴ Every valve activity test of the steam turbine
⑵ Normally auto-switch between the two EH main oil pumps with 10.7-11.7MPa oil
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pressure, 32℃-54℃ oil temperature and normal oil level; 8.0MPa HP accumulator
nitrogen-filled pressure
⑶ The action set value of the emergency governor accounting for 110%-111% of the
rated rotating speed meets the requirement.
⑷ The electric over-speed protection set value accounting for 110% of the rated
rotating speed meets the requirement.
⑸ The completion of totally closing time measurement of every main stop valve and
control valve at the time of latching meets the requirement.
⑹ The leakage test for every main stop valve and control valve meets the
requirement.
⑺ The no-load test and on-load test are qualified; the system and mainframe,
auxiliary of the steam turbine are normally and flexibility operated without defect. Every
supervisory instrument indicates correctly.
⑻ The fire-resistant oil and turbine oil quality of the emergency governing system are
fully qualified.
⑼ The turbine extraction regenerative system, steam bypass system and extraction
check valve are in normal operation and the protection interlock is reliable.
⑽ The local manual trip and remote control trip devices are flexible and reliable.
⑾ The unit bypass system is normal.
⑿ The temperately equipped devices such as the load rejection button (convenient for
the program control of the oscillograph, generator main oil switch and busbar switch
and so on) are ready and qualified.
⒀ The indicators, recorders and instruments for the test are complete and in good
condition.
5.15.2.7 Cautions:
⑴ Operate the activity tester for preventing from jamming in the system prior to the
test to avoid the failure to operate on command;
⑵ Check the testing instruments and meters before the test to ensure they are
complete and sound;
⑶ Release these interlocks that hinders from testing before the test;
⑷ Regulate the operating conditions before the test to guarantee it is operating at the
rated parameter, vacuum and load, and full record the parameters including the rotating
speed, pressure, displacement (stroke) and so on after it is stabilized;
⑸ Ensure fluent communication for the commanding system;
⑹ The command in chief orders to reject load based on the reports from the person in
charge of every project.
⑺ The oscillograph must be started in about 1s before the load rejection.
⑻ Closely monitor the conditions of the unit maximum momentary speed; Immediately
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trip while the rotating speed is up to 3330r/min;
⑼ Closely monitor the conditions of every main stop valve, control valve and
extraction check valve; Take right measure in time in case of normal condition;
⑽ Closely monitor the conditions of the unit bearings to ensure safe operation;
⑾ The parameters including the rotating speed, pressure and displacement (stroke)
and so on recorded during the test must contain the maximum and minimum values.
⑿ Full record the rotating speed, pressure and displacement (stroke) once after the
rotating speed is stabilized;
⒀ Restore the unit to operate in normal condition and every interlocks after the
completion of the test;
⒁ Sort the waveforms and hand-written records and compile the test reports in time.
5.15.2.8 Safety precautions
⑴ Test each item specified before the load rejection and ensure the test data are
qualified;
⑵ The safety measures taken in the over-speed test are totally suitable for the load
rejection test.
⑶ The operator must closely monitor the states of the unit and operate it
corresponding to the states after the load rejection.
⑷ The operation after the load rejection must be fast and accurate. After the steam
turbine rejects a rated load, the no-load operating time should be less 30min.
⑸ The digital tachometer provided by the manufacture must be in charge of an
appointed person. When the rotating speed reaches the reticle (3330r/min), it must
quickly and decidedly trip. If the speed continues to rise or maintains, the emergency
measures of closing the motor-driven main stop valve, each extraction check valve and
breaking vacuum must be taken immediately.
⑹ The vibration values of every bearing must be monitored by a specially-appointed
person. The moment there is abnormal condition, the person must trip quickly to
prevent from happening or wide spreading accident.
⑺ If the servomotors of the HP control valve or the IP control valve are kept starting
after the load rejection test, or the steam turbine is in single cylinder steam admission
state resulting from the starting of them after restoring, the steam turbine must be
stopped immediately.
⑻ The HP, IP and LP differential expansion must be monitored at the idle running and
load variation of the steam turbine. If there is abnormality occurred, take right measure
immediately.
⑼ After the load rejection test, the conditions of the turbine bypass system, the
deaerator, the condenser water level, the extraction regenerative system, the steam
turbine and extraction system drain water, HP cylinder exhaust temperature rise, thrust
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bearing metal temperature, the cylinder metal temperature and so on must be noted. If
there is any abnormity, take right measures immediately.
Chapter III Start-up and Outage of the Unit and Operating Maintenance Thereof
1.1.1 The unit startup after overhaul should be presided over by the chief engineer with
the participation of the directors in charge of the generation and equipment departments,
department heads and relevant personnel.
1.1.2 The startup after minor repair should be presided over by the chief engineer or the
director in charge of the generation department with the participation of the director in
charge of the equipment department, the department heads and relevant personnel.
1.1.3 The duty director assumes unified command and takes charge of the normal startup
of the unit and the generation department heads are charge of on-site technical
supervision and guidance.
1.1.4 Before overhaul and minor repair of the unit, check the relevant devices and system
for their conditions and completion report of construction work and oil quality qualification
report for completion.
1.1.5 Confirm that the overhaul of the unit is finished; the work-order cards are totally
cancelled; the site sanitary conforms to the standards; relevant temporary platform is
removed and the cold test is acceptance.
1.1.6 Confirm that every mainframe and auxiliary interlock and protection test are
completed and qualified; every valves commissioning are finished and locates at right
position of their switches and part of the overhauled auxiliaries has a test run and
operates normally.
1.1.7 The thermal technicians prepares for the interlock and protection tests of relevant
devices and system and then records the test well.
1.1.8 The tools, instruments, meters, various recorder chart paper and operation order for
the startup has been ready and the arrangement for relevant person has been made.
1.1.9 All liquidometers are clean; every pressure gauge indicates right and the primary
and secondary valves of the field measuring device are opened.
1.1.10 Confirm that the centralized control room, every filed control panel and cabinet are
complete, every instruments, alarms, operation and control switches are sound and work
well and all thermal instruments, signals and protection devices are power on.
1.1.11 Check the bearings of every rotating device, i.e. make sure the oil level is normal
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and the oil quality is qualified.
1.1.12 All motor-driven valves, control valves and control dampers are power on and the
display is accordance with the actual condition. After the commissioning of the base type
regulating device is completed and the set value is correct, put the device into automatic
operation.
1.1.13 after confirming that the insulation of every electric device is qualified and the
casing ground connection is complete, delivery power to the working position.
1.1.14 The control and supervisory systems of the DCS, DAS, FSSS, BMS, D-EHG,
MEH,HITASS, TSI, PRP, ASS and bypass are in normal operation and the parameters on
the CRT is correctly indicated.
1.1.15 Check the expansion indicators of the pipes and record their initial values.
1.1.16 the illumination of the plant building at ever place is good; the emergency
illumination system is normal and it can be put into operation at any time.
1.1.17 Site fire control system is in normal operation and the fire fighting device is
complete and sound.
1.2.1 The assembly, overhaul and commission affecting on the startup is not completed or
qualified. The work-order cards are not expired and taken back. And the equipment site is
inconformity with the Safety Code for Electric Industry.
1.2.2 Supervisory malfunction of main instrumentation of the unit affects the startup or
normal operation of the unit.
1.2.3 Any one of the protection devices of the unit malfunction
1.2.4 Unqualified main interlock protection test of the unit
1.2.5 The malfunction of the regulating instrument and base type regulating instrument
affects the startup or normal operation of the unit.
1.2.6 Instruments and protective power supply of the unit lose.
1.2.7 The upper and low cylinders metal temperature difference of the HP and the IP
cylinders exceeds 35℃ and the upper and lower outer casing difference is greater than
50℃.
1.2.8 The HP and IP cylinders differential expansion greater than 10.3mm or less than
negative 5.3mm; the LP cylinder differential expansion greater than 19.8mm or less than
negative 4.6mm;
1.2.9 The mainframe rotor eccentricity greater than 10% of the initial value
1.2.10 one of the HIP main stop valves, control valves, extraction check valves, HP
cylinder exhaust check valves, V.V and BDV is locked and can not be tightly closed.
1.2.11 Any one of the main thermal interlock protection (mainframe, electric and boiler
interlock, boiler MFT and steam turbine protection) or the generator transformer unit
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functions abnormally.
1.2.12 Any one of the TTOP, MSP, EOP, EH oil pump, journal oil pump and the turning
gear is failed or corresponding interlock test is unqualified.
1.2.13 There is clear metal fricative sound when turning and its current apparently
increases or it vibrates by a wide margin.
1.2.14 The lube oil level of the oil tank and the EH oil tank lower than the limit value or
unqualified oil quality and lube oil temperature less than 27℃;
1.2.15 Unqualified steam and water quality;
1.2.16 Abnormal gland steam supply;
1.2.17 Unqualified emergency governor over-speed test of the mainframe;
1.2.18 Generator hydrogen-cooled system failure or unqualified hydrogen purity (less than
96%) and moisture;
1.2.19 Sealing oil system failure;
1.2.20 Non-conforming startup and protection of the unit resulting from the bypass system
failure and abnormal BMS supervisory controller;
1.2.21 Abnormal governing system of the steam turbine so that no-load running can not
be maintained and rotating speed can be not controlled below the action speed of the
emergency governor after the load rejection;
1.2.22 Unqualified insulation of the primary power system of the generator transformer
unit;
1.2.23 The generator voltage regulator in abnormal operation;
1.2.24 The generator synchronization system in abnormal operation;
1.2.25 Emergency diesel generating set failure;
1.2.26 The UPS and AC system has the fault with direct influence on safe operation of the
unit after its startup.
1.2.27 The stator cooling water system of the generator is failure or its water quality is
unqualified.
1.2.28 The field double-colored water level indicator for the boiler drum is failed to
operate.
1.2.29 The leakage test of the generator after the overhaul of the unit is unqualified.
1.5.1.3 Start the condensate delivery pump and make sure it is operating normally; flush
the condenser, stator cooling water tank and the deaerator, respectively till qualifying and
then make up water to the normal water level;
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1.5.1.4 Put the condensate system into operation and put its attemperating water into
automatic supply as required and put the LP heater water side into operation; if the
condensate water qualified is unqualified, open the #5 LP outlet drain valve to flush and
blow down;
1.5.1.5 Put the auxiliary steam system into operation;
1.5.1.6 Heat the deaerator till its water temperature is greater than the boiler drum wall
temperature, namely 28℃;
1.5.1.7 Put the mainframe lubricating oil system and the oil purification plant into operation
and make sure they are operating normally;
1.5.1.8 Put the generator oil, hydrogen and water systems in turn according to the
operating specifications of them;
1.5.1.9 Put the mainframe turning gear into operation:
1) Confirm that the mainframe lubricating oil system is in normal operation, the lube oil
temperature is controlled ranging from 27℃ to 40℃ and its pressure is greater than
0.137Mpa;
2) Put the jacking oil system into operation; check the jacking oil outlet manifold
pressure, i.e. make sure it is 16MPa and record it; check whether the jacking oil
pressure of every bearing is greater than 7MPa and compare the said parameter with
the jacking oil pressure test records;
3) Check the turning gear current, rotating speed and inside sound after the startup of it
and make sure they are normal;
4) Put the turning gear into automatic operation and record the rotors eccentricity;
5) Make the interlock tests for the turning gear and the jacking oil pump in the
cooperation of the thermal technicians as the circumstances require and make sure the
tests are normal;
6) Full record the primary steam and metal temperature once after the turning gear is
put into operation; copy them per hour till the completion of the startup after the gland
sealing system is put into operation;
Note: before the steam turbine rolls, the turning gear at least needs to continuously run for
4h without abnormality and the rotor eccentricity is less than 110% of the original value so
as to ensure its stable startup.
1.5.1.10 Put the EH system into operation and make sure it is in normal operation.
1.5.1.11 Following tests can be performed as required.
1) Static test of the turbine governing system (static characteristic curve and
measurement for valves off-time);
2) Turbine local and remote trip tests;
3) Main trip solenoid valve action test;
4) ETS protection test;
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5) AC and DC lube oil pump low oil pressure interlock test of the mainframe;
6) EH pump low oil pressure interlock test.
1.5.1.12 Make sure that every pipe drain valve, drain valve of every valve block and the
relevant manual drain valves in the main and reheat steam, bypass and extraction steam
systems had opened already;
1.5.1.13 Pre-warming operation is determined according to the HP cylinder primary outlet
inner wall temperature.
1.5.1.14 Start the motor-driven feed pump; put the HP heater water side into operation
while meeting the requirements and check the system, i.e. make sure it is in normal
operation;
1.5.1.15 Put the gland sealing system into operation; check the gland manifold pressure
and make sure it ranged from 26KPa to 28KPa. The gland steam temperature is matched
with the gland metal temperature.
1)Cold state (150℃~260℃);
2)Hot state 208℃~375℃);
3)The gland fan inlet's vacuity is maintained at about 2.5KPa. (Operating principal of
gland steam: in cold startup mode, pump out vacuum first, and feed gland steam
before HP cylinder pre-warming of the unit; in hot startup, feed gland steam prior to
pumping vacuum out. The gland fan must be put into operation immediately after
feeding gland steam or stopped immediately after the gland steam pressure reaches
zero for stopping supply it.
1.5.1.16 Start two sets of vacuum pumps; check their operation, i.e. make sure they
are in normal operation;
1.5.1.17 Prepare for igniting the boiler after the condenser vacuum is in place.
1.6.1 No matter what kind of startup modes, the main and reheat steam into the steam
turbine must be ensured above 56℃ of superheat degree;
1.6.2 The warming time should be confirmed based on the startup-loading chart;
1.6.2.1 The warming time of the unit on initial load with the IP cylinder startup mode after
the steam turbine operates at a mid speed and a full speed, and synchronizes is
confirmed in terms of the IP steam admission metal temperature, reheat steam pressure
and temperature prior to staring;
1.6.2.2 When the unit is operating with the automatic startup mode, the time can be set by
referring to the warming time of mid speed, full speed and initial load on the DEH screen
on the premise of ensuring the mainframe differential expansion, the outer wall
temperature difference and the temperature vitiation rate are within the corresponding
limits (see the corresponding curves in appendix);
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1.6.3 In cold startup mode, the time is set based on the requirements of the 1.6.2.2 and
the main and reheat steam pressure and temperature must meet the requirements of the
“cold startup curve” (see the appendix);
1.6.4 In non-cold startup mode, while meeting the requirements of the startup curves
under every state, the unmatched value of the main steam temperature and the HP
primary metal temperature, the reheat steam temperature and the IP steam admission
metal temperature should be ranged from negative 10℃ to 55℃ as much as possible and
28 ℃-55℃ is optimal.
1.6.5 The metal temperature variation rate must be met the requirement of the
“temperature variation rate and temperature variation relation curves of the HP and IP
rotors under various cycle life consumption” while selecting the steam parameters, usually
adopting the life loss less than 0.001% under the HP and IP cylinders metal temperature
jump.
1.6.6 The IP cylinder startup mode is preferential.
1.7.1.1 Pre-warm the HP cylinder before the boiler ignition in case of the cold startup or
the primary inner wall metal temperature less than 150℃;
1.7.1.2 Pre-warming steam is from the auxiliary steam (or cold reheats steam). And the
pre-warming pressure is required to be 0.4~0.5MPa; temperature is 200~250℃ and the
degree of superheat is maintained at 28℃.
1.7.1.3 Warming conditions:
1)The mainframe trips in turning state;
2)The primary inner wall metal temperature is less than 150℃;
3)The condenser vacuum is not less than negative 86.8KPa;
4)The cold reheat pipe and the first extraction electric valve inlet drain valve are
opened;
5)The auxiliary steam header pressure ranges from 0.5MPa to 0.7MPa and it is in
normal operation;
6)The mainframe VV is closed;
7)The first extraction motor-driven valve is full closed and the HP cylinder
exhaust check valve is closed.
1.7.1.4 Warming operation
⑴ Open the HP cylinder to pre-warm its insolating valve; warm the pre-warming pipe to
the control valve inlet for cylinder warming; keep a drain trap continuously running after
fully draining and warming pipe;
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⑵ Regulate the opening of the HP loop pipe drain control valve to 20%;
⑶ Close the drain valve of the HP cylinder exhaust check valve inlet pipe;
⑷ Open 10% of the control valve for warming the HP cylinder; 10% of the pre-warming
control valve and open to 30% after maintaining for 20min and continue to open to 55%
after 20min for 30% opening;
⑸ Close the first extraction electric valve inlet drain valve in 30min;
⑹ Regulate the opening of the control valve for heating the HP cylinder; control the
primary metal temperature rise rate of the HP cylinder less than 1℃/min, so as to
enable the pressure inside the cylinder to gradually rise to 0.4MPa-0.5MPa and the
primary inner wall metal temperature to gradually rise to 150℃.
1.7.1.5 Superheat the HP cylinder in case of maintaining current opening after the primary
inner wall metal temperature gradually rises to 150℃; Set the superheating time based on
the “HP cylinder pre-warming superheating time curve” (the following table for reference:
the temperature is the primary inner wall metal temperature before pre-warming)
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⑹ It needs at least 30min to exhaust steam for pressure drop after the completion of the
superheating.
⑺ The valve opening is for reference only and the metal temperature rise limit and
superheating pressure should be the main basis.
1.7.2.1 As the metal temperature of the control valve chamber is less than 150℃, it must
be pre-warmed with pre-warming steam from the #2MSV pre-inlet valve before the steam
turbine startup.
1.7.2.2 The pre-warming steam is from the main steam. It is used for pre-warming the
control valve chamber when the main steam temperature is greater than 271℃ and the
HP cylinder superheating is completed.
1.7.2.3 Procedures:
1)Check the steam turbine and make sure it trips;
2) Check the EH oil system and make sure it starts normally and the control mechanism
oil pressure is in place;
3) Confirm that the main steam manifold drain, main steam valve block drain and loop
pipe drain valves are opened;
4) Make sure the main steam temperature is greater than 271℃;
5) Press the LATCH button on the steam turbine AUTO CONTROL screen and confirm
the steam turbine has latched successfully;
6) Press down the CV CHEST WARMING button; select OPEN in a pop-up window;
pre-warm at the time of 21% opening of the MSVR;
7) Observe the inner and outer walls metal temperature difference of the control valve
chamber; press down the OFF button of the CV CHEST WARMING when the difference
is higher than 80℃;the MSVR is surely closed while the MSVR-CLOSE lamp is on at
this time; press down the ON button to continue to pre-warm as the difference is less
than 70℃;
8) Repeat the said operation till the outer and inner walls metal temperatures are totally
up to 180℃ and their differences are less than 50℃; above 1h pre-warming means the
completion of the pre-warming for the control valve chamber; and then press the STOP
button of the steam turbine and make sure every valve is closed.
1.7.2.4 The control valve chamber pre-warming is completed and the boiler continues to
rise temperature and pressure.
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Lube oil pressure greater than or equal to 0.137MPa;
Lube oil temperature ranging from 40℃ to 46℃;
EH oil pressure ranging from 10.7MPa to 11.7MPa;
Jacking oil manifold pressure ranging from MPa to 16MPa;
Eccentricity less than 100% of the original value;
LP differential expansion ranging from negative 4.6mm to 19.8mm;
HP and IP differential expansion ranging from negative 5.3mm to 10.3mm;
HP cylinder primary upper and lower cylinders temperature difference less than
50/35℃ (inner and outer casings)
1.7.3.2 Check and confirmation of following drain valves at every section in open state:
1)HP section: HP main stop valve inlet drain, HP main stop valve block drain, HP loop
pipe drain, the first extraction electric inlet and outlet drain;
2)IP section: the HP cylinder exhaust check valve inlet and outlet drain, the third and
fourth extraction electric valve inlet and outlet drain, IP combination valve block drain
and IP main steam pipe drain and IP cylinder steam exhaust drain;
3)LP section: The fifth and sixth extraction check valve and inlet drain;
4)Check the HP cylinder exhaust check valve and locally check the cylinder of the HP
cylinder exhaust check valve, i.e. make sure they are opened; confirm the HP cylinder
exhaust check valve is free;
1.7.3.3 The TSI measuring data are in allowable range. Record following parameters
before rolling and confirm following protections has put into operation:
1) Low lube oil pressure protection;
2) Low fire-resistant oil pressure protection;
3) Large axial displacement protection;
4) Bearing vibration protection;
5) Electric over-speed protection;
6) Electric failure shutdown protection;
7) The key switch on the ETS thermal control panel in the test is allowed to be at “PUT”
position.
1.7.3.4 The unit steam and water qualities are qualified.
1.7.3.5 The boiler combustion, steam temperature and pressure are stable.
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Reheat steam 1.1MPa Reheat steam temp 320℃
pressure
Condenser vacuum >-86.8KPa HP bypass outlet
flow
- 95 -
completed after the confirmation of the following parameters:
a) The primary inner wall temperature of the HP cylinder greater than 320℃;
b) The inner wall metal temperature of the IP cylinder steam admission chamber
greater than 320℃;
c) The HIP cylinder expansion greater than 8mm
1.7.4.9 During the mid-speed heat soaking, keep the main and reheat steam pressure
and temperature stable and the bypass control normal; check the cylinder expansion,
HIP differential expansion, axial displacement, upper and lower cylinders temperature
difference and HIP cylinder exhaust metal temperature, vibration of every bearing and
condenser pressure, i.e. make sure they are controlled within the allowable range;
1.7.4.10 Check the lube oil temperature, metal temperature of every bearing and return oil
temperature, i.e. make sure they are normal;
1.7.4.11 After the completion of the mid-speed heat soaking, press down the HEAT SOAK
button and select the OFF; and then confirm the CV is gradually turned down till full
closing. The unit rotating speed is 1500r/min under the control of the ICV and its target
rotating speed is set as 3000 r/min; then the steam turbine speed continues to rise;
1.7.4.12 In the process of speed rising, the unit through the combined critical speed at the
acceleration rate of 300r/min/min should be fast and stable; the vibration of the bearing
covers should be greater than 0.08mm and the bearing vibration should not exceed
0.25mm; otherwise unit trips;
1.7.4.13 When the turbine rotating speed reaches 2500r/min, check the jacking oil pump,
i.e. make sure it is automatically stopped; otherwise, manually stop it and put the standby
pump into operation;
1.7.4.14 When the turbine rotating speed reaches 3000 r/min, warm it up during the
warm-up period provided by the startup modes;
1.7.4.15 When the mainframe operates at the constant speed, overhaul the unit and every
system, i.e. make sure they are operating normally.
1.7.4.16 Selective tests as required:
1) Manual tip test
2) Emergency governor oil injection test
3) OPC test
4) Main trip solenoid valve test
5) Valve leakage test
1.7.4.17 After passing the said tests, stop the TOP and the MSP; check the mainframe
lube oil pressure and the operation of the main oil pump i.e. make sure they are normal;
and completely check whether the main equipment and auxiliaries of the unit are normal;
1.7.4.18 Confirm that the generator hydrogen cooler and the stator cooling system are
automatically controlled and normal;
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1.7.4.19 Place the AUTO SYNC at the position of ON as required by the duty director.
1.7.5.1 The steam parameter should be kept stable in the process of speed rising;
1.7.5.2 Every operational parameter during the unit startup should be checked at any time
and their normality should be guaranteed as well;
1.7.5.3 The chemical technician should test the water quality regularly during the unit
startup, so as to guarantee the steam-water quality;
1.7.5.4 During the speed rising, it must ensure that there is no abnormal alarm occurred at
the DEH; otherwise, next step is unavailable at the DEH AUTO mode;
1.7.5.5 Make sure the LP cylinder spray valve has put into automatic operation under the
control of exhaust temperature that is maintained below 50℃ before the rolling and the
spray valve outlet pressure is about 0.5MPa;
1.7.5.6 The condenser vacuum must reach negative 86.8KPa before the rolling;
1.7.5.7 The main steam flow during the rolling should be controlled in conformity with the
opening of the LP bypass valve that is adjustable in case the reheat steam pressure is
kept at 1MPa;
1.7.5.8 During the rolling, it must closely monitor the exhaust metal temperature variation
of the HP cylinder and confirm the HP cylinder exhaust vent valve is open;
1.7.5.9 During the startup, it must note that the metal inner and outer walls temperature of
every part of the steam turbine should be controlled within the maximum value provided in
the allowable temperature difference chart; the metal temperature change rate should be
controlled within the maximum value provided by its rate change curve chart and the
mainframe axial displaced is within the allowable range;
1.7.5.10 During the speed rising of the steam turbine, it should take note of the variation of
the cylinder expansion, HIP and LP cylinders differential expansion. When the differential
expansion increases apparently, further increase of it can be controlled by means of
regulating the steam parameter and stabilizing the rotating speed (the steam temperature
should reduce in case positive differential expansion increases). In case that the HP
differential expansion is as large as the value of shutdown, it must be stopped by breaking
vacuum and continuously turn till the cylinder temperature is matched with the rotator
temperature. It must avoid unit trip in case of abnormal LP differential expansion increase.
1.7.5.11 During the speed rising, it must listen carefully the fricative sound of the unit in
site and check the vibration and bearings metal temperature. If there is any abnormity,
stop to find the causes in time. And the unit vibration during the heat soaking must meet
the following requirements: When it is warmed up at a low speed, it must focus on the
changes of the bearings vibration, namely below 1300r/min is corresponding to the
bearing cover vibration less than 30μm; Otherwise, trip it immediately. Mid-speed heat
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soaking is forbidden. When it is warmed up at a combined critical speed, the bearing
cover vibration is less than 100μm or the bearings vibration is less than 250μm; otherwise,
trip it immediately. The heat soaking at the speed in excess of the critical speed or speed
reduction is forbidden. The bearing cover vibration should not exceed 50μm above the
first critical speed; otherwise, find out the causes and relief the vibration till it is less than
30μm. Long-term idle at large amplitude is not allowed. As the bearing cover vibration
reaches 80μm or the bearing vibration is up to 250μm, latch immediately; after the rotor is
still, put the continuous turning gear into operation; check the rotor's bending and the
outer and inner walls temperature difference of the upper and lower cylinders; listen
carefully; find out the causes and remove them; and then restart it.
1.7.5.12 During speed rising, the rotating speed should be maintained and the operation
at the speed in excess of the critical speed in case the speed is within the critical speed
should be kept as well under following conditions:
1) The bearing vibration greater than 0.125mm;
2) The HIP differential expansion greater than 10.3mm or less than negative 5.3mm; the
LP differential expansion less than negative 4.6m or greater than 19.8m
3) High LP cylinder exhaust temperature (80℃)
4) Low mainframe vacuum (less than negative 86.8Kpa)
1.7.5.13 Temperature rise rate range of every part of the unit
1)Main steam temperature less than 1.5℃/min
2)Reheat steam temperature less than 2℃/min
3)HIP cylinder wall temperature rise less than 1.5℃/min
4)Main and reheat steam pipe walls temperature rise less than 6℃/min
5)Main control valve casing temperature rise less than 6℃/min
1.7.5.14 The temperature difference of every part of the steam turbine should be within
the range as follows:
1)The outer and inner walls temperature difference of the HIP cylinder outer casing and
the HP inner casing should be less than 80℃;
2)The outer and inner walls temperature difference of the HP main stop valve casing is
less than 80℃;
3)The outer and inner walls temperature difference of the HIP cylinder outer casing and
the HP cylinder inner casing is less than 80℃;
4)The outer wall upper and lower halves temperature difference of the HIP cylinder
outer casing is less than 80℃;
5)The outer wall upper and lower halves temperature difference of the HIP cylinder
inner casing is less than 80℃;
6) The inner wall upper and lower halves temperature difference of the HIP cylinder
inner casing is less than 35℃;
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1.7.5.15 As the unit is operating at a constant speed and a water spray device is put into
operation, the LP cylinder exhaust temperature is excessively high, namely 107℃ as well
after disposal, manual shutdown should be applied.
1.7.5.16 After the unit is operating at a constant speed, if there is superheating occurred at
the HP cylinder and its exhaust steam temperature is up to 432℃ after disposal, manual
shutdown should be applied.
1.7.5.17 Rotating speed acceleration and reduction by manually setting valve position is
forbidden during normal rolling and speed rising of the steam turbine.
1.7.5.18 Before reaching the synchronous revolution, the lube oil temperature of the
steam turbine should be ranged from 38℃ to 42℃, EH oil pressure should be 10.7~
11.7MPa and the oil temperature should be 45℃.
1.7.5.19 As the turbine rotating speed reaches 3000r/min, the main oil pump inlet pressure
must be ranged from 0.098MPa to 0.147MPa and the bearing lube oil pressure should be
ranged from 0.137MPa to 0.176MPa. In case its pressure is not less than 1.372MPa, the
TOP and MSP can be stopped; otherwise, causes must be found out, repair and
adjustment are required.
1.7.5.20 When the generator rotating speed reaches 1500r/min, its carbon brush should
be checked, i.e. making sure there are no abnormality and jump.
1.7.5.21The excitation can be put into operation at the time of receiving the
synchronization command in the cooperation of the duty director while the unit is stable
and has not abnormal alarm signal after the turbine rotating speed reaches 3000r/min.
1.7.6 Generator synchronization
To ensure the normal operation of every device, complete inspection for every system is
required after the generator synchronizes.
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and not greater than 3MW/min(0.5%/min), respectively; press the GO/HOLD key to set
it as GO state and load up;
2)Start up the second milling system as the output of the coal pulverizer in operation
reaches 80% according to the main steam pressure requirement; inform of the ash
control attendant to operate the slag and dust removal systems after the pulverizer
starts;
3)Check the drain valve at HP section in the steam system, i.e. make sure it is closed
when the load is up to 60MW;
4)Gradually rise temperature, pressure and load based on the startup curves of the
unit;
5)The unit after being reassembled or overhauled should be firstly started up on
180MW load for 3-4h stable operation, and then it is desynchronized after normally
loading down. A mainframe over-speed test should be made for it as well.
6)When the fourth extraction pressure of the deaerator is greater than 0.15MPa, it is
heated with steam provided by the fourth extraction instead of the auxiliary steam, and
then it is in sliding pressure operation.
7) Check the drain valve at the IP section in the steam system, i.e. make sure it is
closed when the load is up to 120MW.
8)Combine one turb-feed pump that had warmed up with the feed water system in case
the load ranges from 120MW to 150MW; closely monitor the boiler feed water flow
during combination operation, i.e. make sure it is stable; meanwhile, roll the second
feed pump to warm up the steam turbine.
9)After the steam drum water level is stabilized, it will be automatically controlled based
on the operating condition of the turbo-feed pump.
10)After the unit load is stabilized on 150MW load, put the cold reheater to the
self-sealing system into operation and provide gland steam instead of auxiliary steam.
12) When the unit load is above 150MW, cold reheat steam supply is instead of the
auxiliary steam supply. And the auxiliary steam is provided for the steam gland station
system for thermal standby instead. The system should automatically keep the pressure
of the steam supply manifold.
13) When the third extraction steam pressure is higher than the deaerator pressure
(0.2MPa), drain the water of the #3 HP heater to the deaerator.
14) After the unit load reaches 180MW, confirm the relevant LP drain valves of the unit
are normally closed, warm up according to the startup curves and put the power circuit
and TPC into operation as required.
15)If an over-speed test is necessary for the unit, it can be performed after the steam
turbine over-speed test is made, and the unit is desynchronized with a reduced load and
had stably operated on 180MW load for 3-4h.
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1.7.7.4 Loading to 300MW
1)When the target load is set as 300MW, the loading rate and pressure rising rate are
controlled not exceeding 3MW/min and 0.1MPa/min, respectively.
2)Slowly load up the boiler according to the main steam pressure requirements;
3)The unit is in automatic sliding pressure operation and in CCS control instead of DEH
control, and it exits HP bypass automatic operation as its load approximates to 240M.
The signal for the CCS system is sent out by the DEH control system. The unit begins to
load up with the boiler pressure rise till 90% of HP control valve’s opening after it is
controlled by the CCS. (Switchover of the DEH and the CCS: after receiving the request
signal of the CCS, the CCS AUTO REQUEST on the DIGITAL SIGNAL screen of the
DEH turns green. Then press the CCS CTL key and select ON; at this time the target
load of the DEH is set by the CCS; automatically cut off “load feedback” and “governing
stage pressure feedback” and alter the inherent frequency modulation to 30r/min; at last
the CCS is put into operation. If it needs to cut off the CCS, press the CCS CTL key and
select OFF.)
4)After the unit load reaches 240MW, merge the second turbo-feed pump in the feed
water system; stop the motor-driven pump and open the pumps’ outlet valve for
standby.
5)When the load is up 300MW, the main steam pressure should be 10.0MPa, the main
steam temperature and the reheat steam temperature approximates to 510℃,
respectively.
1.7.7.5 Loading to 600MW
1)When the target load is set as 600MW, the loading rate and pressure rising rate are
controlled not exceeding 6MW/min and 0.16MPa/min, respectively.
2)When the load is 360MW, the auxiliary steam header steam is supplied from the
fourth extraction. By stopping providing steam for the cold reheater to the steam gland
system, the unit is self-sealed.
3)When the load is 480MW, perform a vacuum leakage test for the steam turbine
according to requirements.
4)When the load is greater than 540MW, the main steam pressure should reach the
rated value and the constant pressure operation should be instead of the sliding
pressure operation.
5)Completely check and adjust the unit to make its devices and systems operate
normally and put all thermal automatic control devices into operation;
6)Put another circulating water pump into operation on a case basis or regulate the
operating mode of the circulating water.
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1.7.8 Cautions during loading of the unit
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greater than 35℃; and the inner and outer walls metal temperature difference of the HP
and IP valve blocks ranges within the requirements of the metal temperature difference
curves. To avoid steam-water attack, high water level operation of the condenser during
the water drain is forbidden.
1.8.13.3 During rolling and synchronizing, the main steam flow of the steam turbine must
be corresponding to the opening of the LP bypass valve and the reheat steam pressure is
within adjustable range, namely 1.0MPa. The main steam flow before switchover of HP
and LP cylinders must meet the requirements of the steam flow of corresponding load
after the completion of load-up.
1.8.13.4 After the unit operates on initial load, its fast load-up can be realized in case of
ensuring the LP cylinder exhaust temperature less than 52℃.
1.8.13.5 During the unit loading, similarly, the metal temperature change rate and the
inner and outer walls temperature difference of every part of the steam turbine must be
controlled to meet the requirements of relevant curves.
1.8.13.6 The inspection and pre-warming for the turbo-feed pumps must be timely. The
first pump must be rolled to raise speed as soon as possible and merged into the feed
water system.
1.9.1 It must be confirmed that the unit is at extreme hot state displayed on the DEH.
1.9.2 With IP cylinder rolling at the extreme hot startup, to protect the boiler against fast
cooling, the boiler must be slowly depressurized by draining water and putting the bypass
system into operation.
1.9.3 Extreme hot startup rolling parameters
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unit could roll, rise sped and synchronize fast to be loaded according to the cylinder
temperature and temperature difference curves.
1.9.4.3 All turbine water induction prevention valves must be opened at the time of
extreme hot startup; the main and reheat steam pipes and loop pipe drain valve must
continuously drain water for not less than 5min before the turbine rolling. Not less than
5min water drain before the rolling is required in case the inner walls upper and lower
casings temperature difference of the HP and IP cylinders is not greater than 35℃; and
the inner and outer walls metal temperature difference of the HP and IP valve blocks
ranges within the requirements of the metal temperature difference curves. To avoid
steam-water attack, high water level operation of the condenser during the water drain is
forbidden.
1.9.4.4 During rolling and synchronizing, the main steam flow of the steam turbine must be
corresponding to the opening of the LP bypass valve and the reheat steam pressure is
within adjustable range, namely 1.0MPa. The main steam flow before switchover of HP
and LP cylinders must meet the requirements of the steam flow of corresponding load
after the completion of load-up.
1.9.4.5 After the unit operates on initial load, its fast load-up can be realized in case of
ensuring the LP cylinder exhaust temperature less than 52℃.
1.9.4.6 During the unit loading, similarly, the metal temperature change rate and the inner
and outer walls temperature difference of every part of the steam turbine must be
controlled to meet the requirements of relevant curves.
1.9.4.7 The inspection and pre-warming for the turbo-feed pumps must be timely. The first
pump must be rolled to raise speed as soon as possible and merged into the feed water
system.
2.1.1 Patrol and inspect every device in operation and their standby devices on time with
necessary tools and safety appliance by carefully watching, touching, smelling and
listening, i.e. make sure they are operating normally; compare the readings of the filed
meters with the centralized control meters, if there is any abnormality, find out the causes
and take right measures to solve them to ensure the unit in normal operation.
2.1.2 The operator and inspector should check the meters on time and compare, analyze
their readings. At the time of finding any parameter deviating from the normal value, they
must find out the causes and take right measures, and then report to the duty director.
2.1.3 If there is defect, they must take necessary precautionary measures, record carefully
- 106 -
the defects that have possible influence on safe and economic operation of the unit or
equipment and systems in accordance with the Defect Management System and report to
the duty director.
2.1.4 Complete routine switchover and test work in compliance with the requirements of
Equipment Routine Switchover and Test System;
2.1.5 Regularly check the auxiliary mechanical bearing oil level and oil quality, i.e. make
sure they are normal, add oil or refresh it in time;
2.1.6 Supervise the condenser, feed water, boiler water, steam, generator stator cooling
water, lube oil, EH oil quality in coordination with the chemical technician;
2.1.7 Fulfill the other relevant work assigned by the supervisor;
Regulate the operational parameters of the unit, every device and system in time;
1 To meet ambient load need, regulate the load in time by means of constant-sliding
pressure according to the dispatching requirement; control the load variation within
6MW~15MW/min;
2 Regulate the steam temperature and pressure in time and keep them normal; control the
boiler evaporation capacity within the rated value;
3 Check the automatic regulation condition of the condenser sump make-up water,
condensate and feed water based on the unit load and main steam flow; keep the
condenser, deaerator and steam drum water levels within normal range;
4 Reasonably regulate the operating mode of the circulating water system and the open
cooling water system according to operation of the unit and the seasonal variation;
5 Regulate the cooling water flow according to oil, air and water conditions of every device
to keep then in normal range;
6 Monitor other devices and systems’ parameters and regulate them to normal range.
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Main or reheat 一 less
steam parallel than 11℃
℃ ≤41 —
pipes bilateral within the
temp difference year
Governing
MPa 11.7 —
stage pressure
HP cylinder
exhaust MPa 3.67 4.58 — —
pressure
HP cylinder
℃ 321 420 — 432 trip
exhaust temp
Condenser
kPa(a) <13.5 13.5 — ≥ trip
back pressure
LP cylinder
℃ <52 80 — ≥107 trip
exhaust temp
Axial ﹣1.05~ ≥+1.2 or ≤
mm ≥0.6 ≤﹣1.05
displacement 0.6 -1.65 trip
Steam HIP differential ﹣5.3~ ≥11.6 or ≤
mm ≥10.3 ≤﹣5.3
turbine expansion 10.3 -6.6 trip
proper LP differential ﹣4.6~ ≥30 or ≤-
parameters mm ≥19.8 ≤﹣4.6
expansion 19.8 8.0 trip
Mainframe ≤original >original
mm — —
eccentricity value×1.1 value×1.1
Bearing
mm <0.125 ≥0.125 — 0.25 trip
vibration
Bearing cover
mm <0.05 ≥0.05 ≥0.08 trip
vibration
Lube oil
MPa ≥0.176 — 0.103 0.069 trip
pressure
27~40 as
Lube oil temp ℃ 40~50 ≥50 ≤40
turning
Generator
Lubricating Journal bearing
℃ <107 ≥110 — high limit:
oil system metal temp
105
parameters Thrust bearing
℃ <85 ≥85 — —
metal temp
Thrust bearing
mm <0.6 ≥0.6 ≥0.8 trip
abrasion
Bearing return
℃ <75 ≥75 — —
oil temp
AC sealing
oil pump in
Generator
Generator automatic
oil,
oil-hydrogen operation
hydrogen MPa(a) 0.056±0.02 0.076 0.036
differential as the
and water
pressure pressure is
parameters
as less as
35kPa
Generator
hydrogen MPa 0.414 — 0.2 —
pressure
Generator
% 98 — ≥96 —
hydrogen purity
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Generator
hydrogen ℃ ≤-21
dew-point temp
Generator
hydrogen leak m3/d ≤13~19 — — —
volume
Hydrogen
cooler inlet ℃ ≤65 65 — —
temp
Hydrogen
cooler outlet ℃ 35~46 46 35 —
temp
Generator ≤0.68 MPa
sealing oil standby
MPa >0.68
pump outlet pump
pressure interlock
Sealing pad
℃ 35~45
inlet oil temp
Sealing pad
℃ ≤75
outlet oil temp
Vacuity in
KPa -90~-96 ≤-88 alarm
vacuum tank
Water
temp must
Generator
be higher
stator entering ℃ 42~48 48 42
than
water temp
hydrogen
temp
Hydrogen
Generator pressure
hydrogen-water must be
MPa >0.04 — 0.04
differential higher than
pressure water
pressure
Generator
stator water m3/h 92 — 72 —
flow
Generator
entering water MPa 0.196
pressure
2.3.1.1 Meet the requirements of unit load and maintain the evaporation capacity within
the rated range;
2.3.1.2 Maintain the normal steam pressure and the main and reheat steam temperature
in normal range according to the sliding-constant pressure curves of the unit;
2.3.1.3 Balance the feed water and maintain the boiler steam drum water level in normal
range;
2.3.1.4 Ensure the quality of the boiler water and steam is qualified;
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2.3.1.5 Strengthen adjustment to try to keep the unit operating at sound state, so as to
improve the efficiency of the unit.
2.3.2 Supervision and adjustment for main operational parameters of the unit
2.3.3.1 Allowable variation range of the main and reheat steam pressure and temperature
and allowable continuous operating time thereof under abnormal condition
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3) The steam turbine is able to operate without load at rated speed. And the allowable
duration must meet the requirements of the generator test.
4) Longer-term operation for the steam turbine at the exhaust temperature below 65℃
is allowable as well as low-load continuous operation at the temperature not exceeding
79℃. It is also able to operate in a short term for 15min at the temperature not
exceeding 107℃.
5) The steam turbine peak is allowed to be ranged from 60MW to 600MW.
6) The unit is able to safely operate at the back pressure up to 18.6KPa under abnormal
condition.
7) The steam turbine is able to adapt to the variation of 50% rated load and the unit has
the function of RB.
8) The unit is able to constantly operate stably at a cyclic wave ranging from 48.55Hz to
50.5Hz.
9) The turbo-generating set is able to automatically control the turbine rotating speed to
prevent the unit from tripping and decelerate to a synchronous revolution when the
steam turbine load is rejected from 100% to zero.
10) The unit is allowed to constantly operate with a rated load as the exhaust pressure
rises to 13.3KPa.
11) The steam turbine at least has the ability of operating for 1min without steam within
the range from normal back pressure to the alarm back pressure as the generator is still
synchronized to the grid and the main stop valve is abruptly closed so that any damage
to the devices can be avoided.
12) The turbo-generating set is able to stably operate at the load range from the TMCR
to the minimum load in accord with the boiler. Hybrid variable pressure operation for the
unit is applied. The sliding pressure operation for the steam turbine is ranged from
30%THA to 90%THA.
3.1.1 After receiving the command of preparing for stop, the duty director informs of the
coal, ash and chemical control personnel about the predicated unused time and schedule,
and the requirements of well preparation for the outage and enough oil reserve in the oil
bunker that can meet the needs of the boiler outage.
3.1.2 Contact the duty director for replacing the auxiliary steam supply with adjacent
steam or startup steam supply;
3.1.3 Give a trial run for the mainframe AC auxiliary oil pump, mainframe DC emergency
oil pump, AC startup oil pump, jacking oil pump and turning gear motor to confirm they are
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normal and automatic. If the trial run is unqualified under non-failure outage condition,
hold down till solving the causes;
3.1.4 Confirm the DEH control system is at AUTO mode;
3.1.5 Select the smaller load decreasing rate (not greater than 15MW/min) between the
“sliding pressure outage curves” allowable rate and the boiler allowable rate as the
loading limit of the unit;
3.1.6 Make an overall copy of the steam and metal temperatures once, and then copy
them per hour at the beginning of load reduction and in the process of the load reduction
till normal outage of the mainframe turning gear;
3.1.7 Completely check all devices once and record their defects.
3.2.1 Shutdown with variable parameter is usually applied to the normal shutdown of the
unit.
3.2.2 After receiving the variable-parameter shutdown command, the duty director begins
to reduce thermal load of the boiler, and lower the temperature and depressurize
according to the requirements of the variable parameter shutdown curves.
3.2.3 The unit loads from 600MW to 540MW;
3.2.3.1 Constant pressure operating mode is applied as the load of the unit is between
600MW and 540MW;
3.2.3.2 Maintain the main steam pressure at the rated steam pressure; slowly reduce the
boiler fuel quantity; gradually reduce the load command of the steam turbine and control
the load variation rate not greater than 15MW/min.
3.2.4 The unit loads from 540MW to 300MW;
3.2.4.1 Sliding pressure operating mode is applied as the unit load is ranged from 540MW
to 180MW;
3.2.4.2 Maintain the turbine load command invariable; control the load variation rate not
greater than 15MW/min and the main steam pressure variation rate not greater than
0.446MPa/min; maintain the main and reheat steam temperature at the rated parameter;
slowly reduce the combustion rate of the boiler. The unit load reduces with the main steam
pressure drop till the target pressure 10MPa;
3.2.4.3 While loading to 360MW, check the mainframe gland steam pressure, i.e. make
sure it is normal and take note of the switchover of the gland steam source;
3.2.4.4 While loading to 300MW, start up a motor-driven pump and stop a turbo-feed
pump after the motor-driven pump operates normally.
3.2.5 The unit loads from 300MW to 180MW;
3.2.5.1 Sliding pressure operating mode is applied as the unit load is ranged from 300MW
to 180MW;
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3.2.5.2 Maintain the turbine load command invariable; control the load variation rate not
greater than 9MW/min and the main steam pressure variation rate not greater than
0.1MPa/min; 3.2.5.3 Reduce the load to 180MW, main steam pressure 8.62MPa, reheat
steam pressure about 1.0MPa, main steam temperature 525℃ and reheat steam
temperature 520℃;
3.2.5.4As loading to 180MW, check the HP section drain valve of the steam system and
confirm it is open;
3.2.5.5 Stop a water circulating pump or adjust the operating mode of circulating water
according to the vacuum condition;
3.2.5.6 Keep the load stable and the main steam pressure invariable, lower the
temperature of the steam turbine to cool; lower the main steam temperature to the target
temperature 420℃ with a rate of temperature drop not greater than 1℃/min and the
reheat steam temperature to the target temperature 355℃ with a rate of tempera rue drop
not greater than 1.5℃/min.
3.2.6 The unit loads from 180MW to 60MW;
3.2.6.1 Constant pressure operating mode is applied as the unit load is ranged from
180MW to 60MW;
3.2.6.2 Contact the duty director for preparing disconnection;
3.2.6.3 Continue to reduce the load of the unit with the variation rate not greater than
6MW/min; lower the temperature and maintain the main steam pressure at 8.62MPa;
3.2.6.4 Gradually reduce the load of the second turbo-feed pump and pay attention to
track the output of the motor-driven pump, i.e. make sure it is normal; stop the second
turbo-feed pump, take not of its steam drum water level, i.e. make sure it is normal and
switch the control mode of the water level to single impulse control;
3.2.6.5 With 120MW load, alter the fourth extraction steam supply for the deaerator to the
auxiliary steam header supply;
3.2.6.6 With 120MW load, check the IP section drain valve of the steam system and
confirm it is open;
3.2.6.7 Check the LP cylinder of the steam turbine, i.e. make sure it is automatically put
into operation and maintain its exhaust temperature not greater than 50℃;
3.2.6.8 Stop the steam sides of the HP and LP heaters while paying attention to its water
level variations;
3.2.6.9 With 60MW load, start up the TOP and MSP, make sure they are normal; check
the LP section drain valve of the steam system, i.e. make sure it is open;
3.2.6.11 The unit load falls to 60MW;
3.2.6.12 Contact the duty director for preparing steam turbine shutdown by tripping;
3.2.6.13 Press the TURBO TRIP button on the control panel or locally manual trip; check
the IP main stop valve, HIP control valve, every stage of extraction check valve, HP
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cylinder exhaust check valve, i.e. make sure they are closed and tight; confirm the V.V and
BDV are open. And the rotating speed trends to slow down.
3.2.7 Generator disconnection
3.3.1.1 Note that the rotating speed of the steam turbine begins to slow down after tripping;
record the idle runtime; note the lube oil pressure and temperature, i.e. make sure they
are normal;
3.3.1.2 Adjust or close the HP and LP bypass valves based on actual conditions;
3.3.1.3 As the rotating speed reaches 2500r/min, check the jacking oil pump and make
sure it is automatically started; otherwise, manually start one; check the jacking oil
manifold pressure and the jacking oil pressure of every bearing, i.e. make sure they are
normal;
3.3.1.4 Check the turbine back cylinder water spray valve, i.e. make sure it acts normally
and the LP cylinder exhaust temperature less than or equal to 47℃;
3.3.1.5 As the rotating speed is zero, check and confirm the turning gear is automatically
meshed; otherwise, manually put it into operation; after the mainframe turning gear is put
into operation, regularly record the rotor eccentricity, HIP cylinder expansion, differential
expansion, HIP cylinder primary temperature and axial displacement etc.;
3.3.1.6 As the rotating speed reaches zero, it is able to stop the MSP;
3.3.1.7 Close the drain valve of the main steam pipe till the boiler pressure is relieved to
zero;
3.3.1.8 After the unit flames out, confirm the bypass system is out of service, there is no
steam but having pressurized drain water entering the condenser; stop the condenser and
open the vacuum break valves of the HP and LP condensers;
3.3.1.9 As the condenser vacuum is pumped out fully, stop the gland sealing system;
3.3.1.10 Stop the EH oil pump and maintain the EH oil circulating system in operation as
required;
3.3.1.11 Cut off the condensate polishing unit;
3.3.1.12 Stop the motor cooling water system and reversely flush the stator with cooling
water as required;
3.3.1.13 As the boiler is completely unnecessary for feeding water, stop the deaerator
heating and the motor-driven feed pump;
3.3.1.14 As the steam drum pressure approximates to zero, the LP cylinder exhaust
temperature of the steam turbine is below 50℃ and no high temperature steam and water
enters into the condenser. Stop the other water circulating pump and note to adjust the
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temperature of every auxiliary operating device;
3.3.1.15 Stop the condensate pump as there is no user for the condensate;
3.3.1.16 Stop the turning gear as the highest cylinder temperature of the steam turbine is
below 150℃; stop the jacking oil pump after the rotor is static;
3.3.1.17 Gas displacement for the generator is generally performed after the mainframe
continuous turning is stopped. Closely monitor the oil level variation of the sealing oil tank
during gas displamcnet to prevent oil from entering the generator;
3.3.1.18 Stop the sealing oil system after the completetion of the gas displacmnt and
steam turbine turning;
3.3.1.19 Stop the mainframe lubricating oil system and the purification plant after the
highest metal temperature is below 120℃;
3.3.1.20 Get maintenance and isolation work done after stop.
3.4.1 Temperature and pressure of the steam turbine and boiler during the variable
parameter shutdown of the unit should be coordinated reduced without rising again. It
must closely note of the variation of the main stop steam pressure, temperature, and
furnace pressure and steam drum water level while stopping the coal pulverizer. Take not
of falling speed of the steam temperature and steam cylinder wall temperature; that is, the
falling speed of the steam temperature must strictly meet the requirement of the variable
parameter shutdown curves and the steam cylinder wall temperature difference is within
the allowable range.
3.4.2 During the variable parameter shutdown, it must strengthen the supervision to the
main steam parameter, especially the degree of superheat greater than 56℃. If the steam
temperature sharply drops to 50℃ in 10min, trip to stop immediately.
3.4.3 During the variable parameter shutdown, the falling speed of the reheat steam
temperature should follow that of the main steam temperature as much as possible. The
temperature departure of the main and reheat steam should meet the requirements of the
main, reheat steam temperature departure curves; otherwise, trip to stop immediately.
3.4.4 During the variable parameter shutdown, the steam parameter variation should be
controlled to make the metal temperature variation and difference of very part of the steam
turbine proper meet the requirements of the metal temperature change rate and difference
curves. Otherwise, suspend further reducing the parameter and load to moderate the
temperature difference and thermal stress of the metal parts.
3.4.5 Closely monitor the unit vibration, axial displacement, thrust pad temperature and
differential expansion etc., i.e. make sure they are normal; as reaching the alarm value,
stop the variable parameter shutdown mode and adjust the parameter to normal.
3.4.6 During the load reduction of the steam turbine, note that there is no jam occurred at
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the HP and IP control valves and the water levels of the deaerator, condenser and heater
are normal.
3.4.7 In low load operation, it is necessary for closing the normal drain valve in order to
avoid steam from returning between the heaters resulting from insufficient pressure
difference. And the emergency drain valve can be used for maintaining the heaters water
level in normal operation.
3.4.8 Try to avoid the unit from long-term operating on 180MW load, fast reduce the active
power to 15MW as it loads to 60MW, disconnect the generator-transformer unit as the
reactive power of the generator reaches 5MVar; manually trip the steam turbine, check the
HIP main stop valve, HIP control valve, every-stage extraction check valve, HP cylinder
exhaust check valve, i.e. make sure they are closed and check the V.V and BDV, i.e. make
sure they are open.
3.4.9 Note that the rotating speed of the steam turbine is to reduce after tripping, but
opening the vacuum break valve at the rotating speed above 2000r/min in unexceptional
case is forbidden.
3.4.10 During the turning, keep the lube oil temperature ranging from 27℃ to 40℃ and
maintain the sealing oil system of the motor operating normally; regularly listen carefully
sound of the HLP gland.
3.4.11 Stop turning the mainframe when the turning gear continuously operates till the
maximum cylinder temperature of the steam turbine is less than 150℃ as well as the
lubricating oil system; and note that the sealing oil system is in normal operation.
3.4.12 Do not overhaul the systems associated with the steam turbine proper during
turning after shutdown; prevent the cold steam and water from entering the steam turbine;
note monitoring the cylinder metal temperature variation tendency of the steam turbine.
Every drain valve can be operated according to following requirements:
3.4.12.1 In case of outage maintenance of the unit and without special requirement, the
drain valve and loop pipe drain valve directly connected with the cylinder are not opened
before the cylinder temperature is down to 150℃.
3.4.12.2 After shutdown, it should take note of the temperature differences of the upper
and lower cylinders, the upper and lower temperature differences of main, reheat steam
pipes and every extraction steam pipes, and water level, pressure and temperature
variation of every water container; if the temperature differences of the cylinders are
sharply increased, it should find out the causes of entering water or feeding cold steam
immediately, cut off the water and steam, and drain the water.
3.4.13 During the turning period, the principles of stopping continuously turning or
stopping for turning gear failure in need of work are as follows:
3.4.13.1 In case the turning gear fails or it is actually necessary for stopping immediately
for the purpose of overhaul, it needs to mark the rotator at corresponding position after
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stopping turning and memorize the stop time.
3.4.13.2 With the HP cylinder primary inner wall temperature above 350℃, the stop time
of turning is not allowed to exceed 3min. With the temperature ranging from 220℃ to
350℃, the stop time will not exceed 30min. if the turning operation can not be completed
during the period said above, reversely rotate the rotor 350℃ at intervals of the said time,
and then continue to turn.
3.4.13.3 Rotate the rotor for 180°before continuous turning is available after its
interruption; continue to turn after passing half of stop time; at this time, pay special
attention to the rotor eccentricity and make sure the turning gear current does not
excessively fluctuate.
3.4.13.4 During turning in special case, the jacking device can be stopped on the premise
of monitoring the turning gear current. As the turning gear current increases not greater
than 120% of the normal value, the jacking device can be stopped to continue to turn;
otherwise, the jacking device must be put into turning.
3.4.13.5 During the continuous turning, if there is apparent metal fricative sound in the
cylinder and the turning gear current fluctuates by a large margin (but not turning gear
failure), it must be stopped immediately. And shaft can be straightened by manual turning
in accordance with the said principal till recovering continuous turning.
3.4.13.6 If the steam turbine rotor is locked, forced turning is not allowed. (The use of
steam supply for the unit or crane rotation is available.)
3.4.13.7 If there is creepage caused by the malfunction of the jacking oil system,
continuous turning must be stopped while the phenomena can not be removed after
reducing oil temperature (not less than 27℃) by additionally starting the DC lube oil pump.
Maintain the rotator straightening by rotating it for 180°at every 10min till the continuous
turning is reset but without creepage phenomena.
1. General Principles
1.1 The operator shall handle failures in strict accordance with the Operating Manual as
those failures occur. The duty director and the attendant shall process those special
failures out of the Manual’s range according to the operating knowledge and experience
under the principal of ensuring the safety of person and devices.
1.2 As the failures occur, the operator should quickly lift personal and devices out of
danger and find out the causes in time and solve them. They must guarantee the station
auxiliary power system in normal operation and keep the non-failure devices in operation.
1.3 Procedures for removing failures are as follows:
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1.3.1 No matter what failures are occurring in the unit, the operator should quickly and
carefully confirm the character, development tendency and hazard degree, and then take
correspondingly measures.
1.3.2 While the failure occurs, there is corresponding acousto-optic alarm displayed on the
turning gear and MMI, and so the operator should confirm and take corresponding
measures.
1.3.3 It must quickly lift the personnel and devices out of danger and disconnect the failed
devices immediately if necessary, so as to maintain the non-failure devices in normal
operation.
1.3.4 No matter what failures are occurred, it must check the indication or status of the
meters and confirm it in site if necessary.
1.3.5 Each stage for removing the failure must report to the duty director and associated
leaders as fast as possible so as to timely and correctly take adequate measures to
prevent the accident from widely spreading.
1.3.6 As the failure occurs, the operators in charge of every position must quickly handle
the failure under the unified command of the duty director in close coordination, so as to
recover normal operation of the unit as fast as possible.
1.3.7 Removing the failure must be quick and correct. The operators must repeat the
command after receiving it. If it is unclear, the operators must make it clear. After
completing, they must report to the commander as fast as possible.
1.4 Relevant leaders and full-time engineers must arrive in site as soon as possible to
assist to handle failures as the unit failure occurs and give necessary instruction to the
operator on the premise of subjecting to the command of the duty director.
1.5 At the moment of failure occurrence and processing, the operator must stick to his
post. If the failure occurs at the time of handover, it should be delayed. Before the
handover, the operator must keep working and the operator on duty must remove the
accident in coordination with the operator till the unit recovers normal operation.
1.6 The person unrelated with the accident treatment is forbidden staying at the position of
fault.
1.7 After removing the fault, the duty director and operator on duty must correctly record
the process and time of fault occurrence and measures for removing the fault etc. in detail,
and report to every stage of schedulers and leaders in time.
1.8 During the accident treatment, operation order can be unused, but relevant regulations
are required to be complied.
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2. Regulations on the Handling of Unit Accidents
2.1.1 In case there is accident that endangers the person and devices, the unit shall be
shut down immediately;
2.1.2 Vacuum break and emergency shutdown of the steam turbine shall be operated
under one of following conditions:
2.1.2.1 The steam turbine is over-speed with the rotating speed greater than or equal to
3330r/min and the emergency governor is failed to actuate;
2.1.2.2 The generating set of the steam turbine has suddenly severe vibration with the
bearing vibration greater than or equal to 0.25mm, and the protection is failed to operate;
2.1.2.3 The axial displacement of the rotor is greater than or equal to 1.2mm or less than
or equal to negative 1.65mm, and the protection is failed to operate;
2.1.2.4 The time delays for 2s as the unit load is greater than or equal to 50% and the
main steam temperature is lower than 474℃; it is to alarm as the load is less than 50%
and the main steam temperature is less than 490℃, and 2s delay is required as the
temperature is reduced to 460℃. The protection is failed to operate;
2.1.2.5 There is apparent metal friction or impact sound inside the generating set of the
steam turbine;
2.1.2.6 Oil level in the main lube oil tank falls sharply and oil make-up is unavailable;
2.1.2.7 There is water attack occurred in the steam turbine. Upper and lower temperature
differences of the inner cylinder of the HIP cylinder reaches 55.6℃ or main steam
temperature decreases by 50℃ in 10min;
2.1.2.8 The thrust pad metal temperature is greater than or equal to 110℃ and lasts for 2s.
The protection is failed to operate;
2.1.2.9Metal temperature of any bearing of the steam turbine rises to following values:
115℃ of #1-#6 journal bearings, 105℃ of #7-#9 journal bearings and 110℃ of thrust
bearing. The protection is failed to operate;
2.1.2.10 The HIP differential expansion is less than negative 6.6mm or greater than
11.6mm; the LP differential expansion is less than negative 8.0mm or greater than 30mm;
2.1.2.11 Return oil temperature of any bearing of the steam turbine exceeds the limit or it
reeks and lacks of oil;
2.1.2.12 The turbine gland sparkles resulting from abnormal friction;
2.1.2.14 The generator reeks and catches fire or the hydrogen system blasts;
2.1.2.15 The generator slip ring and carbon brush seriously sparkle and are unable to
extinguish;
2.1.2.16 The turbine oil system is on fire and unable to be extinguished quickly, so as to
severely threats safe operation of the unit;
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2.1.2.17 The lube oil pressure continues to drop in case an auxiliary lube oil pump is
started up after the lube oil is cut off or the pressure drops to 0.103MPa.
2.1.3 Vacuum break to emergency shutdown is required under one of following conditions:
2.1.3.1 The steam pipe and the water pipe are unable to keep normal operation resulting
from high pressure and broken pressure part, respectively;
2.1.3.2 The safety valve is failed to operate as the boiler pressure boosts up to the action
pressure of the valve;
2.1.3.3 One of the main and reheat steam temperature rises to 552~564℃ at rated
pressure for excessive 15min continues operation or exceeds 564℃;
2.1.3.4 The stator coil of the generator is cut off cooling water supply and unable to
resume the water caused by inactive protection; or the cooling water temperature rises to
78 ℃ and is unable to be reduced with the load reduction;
2.1.3.5 The protection is failed to operate as the unit reaches the action value;
2.1.3.6 The steam turbine operates over 1min without steam;
2.1.3.7 The condenser vacuum drops to negative 77.5KPa and is unable to recovery as
the load drops to zero;
2.1.3.8 The unit is unable to control its rotating speed or load resulting from abnormal
operation of the DEH;
2.1.3.9 The EH oil pump and EH system failure endangers the safe operation of the unit;
2.1.3.10 All sealing oil pumps are failed and sealing oil is supplied by the main lube oil
pump only;
2.1.3.11 The operating supervisory meters of the steam turbine, especially the speed
indicator, indicate incorrectly or invalidly, and there are no other effective measures
instead of these meters;
2.1.3.12 The main transformer, high voltage auxiliary transformer and excitation
transformer catch fire or smoke;
2.1.3.13 The severe water leakage of the generator body endangers safe operation of the
devices;
2.1.3.14 Hydrogen purity in the generator drops quickly below 92%;
2.1.3.15 A/B LP cylinders exhaust temperature is greater than or equal to 107℃ and the
protection is failed to operate;
2.1.3.16 The exhaust pipe metal temperature of the HP cylinder rises and exceeds 432℃;
and the protection is failed to operate;
2.1.3.17 The turbine room on fire endangers the safe operation of the unit.
2.1.4 Emergency shutdown treatment of the unit
2.1.4.1 Stop the unit by pressing corresponding EMERGENCY TRIP button in case of
meeting any emergency shutdown condition of the steam turbine, boiler and generator;
2.1.4.2 Check the interlocks of the boiler, steam turbine and generator, i.e. make sure they
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acts correctly; confirm the boiler fuel are totally cut off, the HP and IP main stop valves and
control valves are closed tightly and the rotating speed of the steam turbine drops rapidly;
break the steam turbine vacuum as required;
2.1.4.3 Confirm the station auxiliary power system switches over normally; otherwise,
replace it with manual switchover;
2.1.4.4 Check the AC auxiliary oil pump, startup oil pump and jacking oil pump, i.e. make
sure they are automatically started; otherwise, manually start them immediately; check the
sealing oil system of the generator, i.e. make sure they are operating normally;
2.1.4.5 Note the idle condition, differential expansion, vibrating, axial displacement,
cylinder expansion and upper and lower temperature difference etc. of the steam turbine;
listen the sound generated inside of the steam turbine, i.e. make sure it is normal;
2.1.4.6 Make sure the turning gear is to automatically operate as the rotating speed of the
steam turbine is zero; check the oil pressure and temperature, and turning gear current,
i.e. make sure they are normal;
2.1.4.7 Change the gland steam supply fast to auxiliary steam supply after the unit trips;
regulate the gland steam pressure in time; stop supply the gland steam as the vacuum
reaches zero; isolate the gland attemperating water;
2.1.4.8 Check the relevant water prevention valves of the steam turbine i.e. make sure
they are automatically open; otherwise, manually open them;
2.1.4.9 Check whether the cooling water of the drain flash tank is automatically put into
operation; otherwise, manually put it into operation;
2.1.4.10 Check whether the water levels of the condenser and the deaerator are
automatically and normally adjusted; otherwise, manually adjust to keep them normal;
2.1.4.11 Check the lube oil temperature, sealing oil temperature, generator hydrogen
temperature and stator cooling water temperature of the mainframe, i.e. make sure they
are normal; adjust them if necessary;
2.1.4.12 Check the LP cylinder, i.e. make sure its water spray function is normally put into
operation;
2.1.4.13 As it is on fire or hydrogen explosion occurs inside of the steam turbine,
extinguish the fire with carbon dioxide and discharge the hydrogen; in case idle speed of
the rotator approximates to 200r/min, close the vacuum break valve till the creation of
vacuum and try to maintain the rotating speed till extinguishing the fire;
2.1.4.14 Close the main steam drain valve;
2.1.4.15 In case the induced and forced draft fans do not trip, total blast volume of the
boiler must be adjusted to that under 25-30%BMCR to purge for 5min. Otherwise, they are
started to purge for the furnace after opening the air-flume system baffle plate for naturally
ventilate for 15min. If it will not be ignited in a short-time, Stop the fans after purging, and
then superheat the boiler;
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2.1.4.16 Complete other normal shutdown operations of the unit;
2.1.4.17 Report the failure conditions to the dispatcher and relevant leader;
2.1.4.18 Copy relevant curves and emergency records; keep them well; and carefully
record the emergency conditions;
2.1.5 Emergency shutdown operating procedures by breaking vacuum:
2.1.5.1 Press the EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN button on the control panel or disconnect
the turbine trip handle at the turbine head by hand; confirm the TURBO TRIP lamp is on,
the unit load reaches zero, the generator is disconnected, the auxiliary power is changed
successfully ; Check the HP and IP main stop valves and control valves, every extraction
electric valve and check valve, and HP cylinder exhaust check valve, i.e. make sure they
are closed; check the HP cylinder exhaust vent valve, HIP cylinder emergency dump valve,
i.e. make sure they are opened; make sure the rotating speed of the steam turbine
continuously drops;
2.1.5.2 Check the AC lube oil pump and the startup oil pump, i.e. make sure they are
started successfully; make sure the lube oil pressure is normal;
2.1.5.3 Check the relevant water prevention valves of the steam turbine i.e. make sure
they are automatically open; otherwise, manually open them;
2.1.5.4 Confirm the jacking oil pump automatically starts as the rotating speed of the
steam turbine drops to 2500 r/min; release the vacuum pump interlock, stop the vacuum
pump and open the condensers A/B vacuum break valves as the rotating speed drops to
2000r/min;
2.1.5.5 Check whether the HP and LP bypass valves work, if they are opened, manually
close them immediately;
2.1.5.6 Close the drain valves on the main, reheat steam pipes; if the circulating water is
cut off, close all drain water supply to the condenser;
2.1.5.7 Check the turbo-feed pumps A/B and confirm they are triggered to trip; check the
motor-driven feed pump, i.e. make sure they are jointly started normally;
2.1.5.8 Check that the fourth steam extraction user is normally switched to the
auxiliary steam supply and the gland steam is automatically and normally
switched;
2.1.5.9 Check the water levels of the condenser and the deaerator, i.e. keep them in
normal range;
2.1.5.10 Check that the LP cylinder spray valve is automatically opened and adjust the
exhaust temperature within normal range;
2.1.5.11 Stop the gland sealing system as the vacuum is zero;
2.1.5.12 completely check and listen carefully the sound inside of the unit while the
rotating speed drops;
2.1.5.13 Put the turning gear into operation while the rotating speed is zero, and record
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the idle time and rotor eccentricity;
2.1.5.14 Complete other operations relevant with normal shutdown.
2.1.6 Operating procedures for emergency shutdown on the premise of keeping original
vacuum:
2.1.6.1 Press the EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN button on the control panel or disconnect
the turbine trip handle at the turbine head by hand; confirm the TURBO TRIP lamp is on,
the unit load reaches zero, the generator is disconnected, the auxiliary power is changed
successfully and the rotating speed of the steam turbine continues to reduce;
2.1.6.2 Check the HP and IP main stop valves and control valves, every extraction electric
valve and check valve, and HP cylinder exhaust check valve, i.e. make sure they are
closed; check the HP cylinder exhaust vent valve, HIP cylinder emergency dump valve, i.e.
make sure they are opened;
2.1.6.3 Check the AC lube oil pump and the startup oil pump, i.e. make sure they are
started successfully; make sure the lube oil pressure is normal;
2.1.6.4 Check and confirm the HP and LP bypass valves are automatically opened;
2.1.6.5 Check and confirm the corresponding drain valves are opened;
2.1.6.6 Check and start up the motor-driven feed pump, and confirm it is operating
normally;
2.1.6.7 Check the turbo-feed pumps A/B, i.e. make sure they trip and put the turning gear
into continuous operation;
2.1.6.8 Check and adjust the water levels of the condenser and the deaerator, and keep
them normal;
2.1.6.9 Check and adjust the LP cylinder spray valve and drain flash tank spray valve, and
make sure they are able to automatically open;
2.1.6.10 Check and adjust the gland steam pressure, and keep it within normal range;
2.1.6.11 Completely check and listen carefully the sound inside of the unit while the
rotating speed drops;
2.1.6.12 Put the turning gear into operation while the rotating speed is zero, and record
the idle time and rotor eccentricity;
2.1.6.13 Complete other operations relevant with normal shutdown.
2.2.1 Report to the dispatcher and chief engineer to apply for fault shutdown under
following conditions:
2.2.2 Fault shutdown conditions
2.2.2.1 The main, reheat steam parameters exceed the specified value and are unable to
be recovered in specified time;
2.2.2.2 The measures for preventing slow drop of the condenser vacuum are unavailable,
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even zero load;
2.2.2.3 The axial displacement approximates to the limit value and can not recovery after
processing;
2.2.2.4 The upper and lower cylinders temperature differences of the HP and IP cylinders
exceed the limit (50℃);
2.2.2.5 EH oil pipe rupture or low oil level in the EH oil tank makes oil make-up operation
unavailable;
2.2.2.6 The DEH control system or HP and IP control valves are failed to maintain
operating;
2.2.2.7 The major auxiliary is failed to maintain its operation;
2.2.2.8 The steam-water pipe is unable to work resulting from leakage;
2.2.2.9 The stator cooling water has electric conductivity as 9.9µS/cm or is cut off; or the
generator stator coil leakage problem is unable to be solved;
2.2.2.10 The turbine lubricating oil system is failed to normally operate;
2.2.2.11 The adjustment for the abnormal steam exhaust temperature rise of the LP
cylinder is unavailable;
2.2.2.12 The water quality of the condenser is deteriorated for serious leakage and
isolation for half condenser is unavailable;
2.2.2.13 The idle time of the steam turbine exceeds 15min after load rejection of the
generator;
2.2.2.14 The hydrogen temperature of the generator exceeds the limit resulting from
hydrogen cooling system failure and the adjustment for it is ineffective;
2.2.2.15 Hydrogen leak of the generator enables hydrogen pressure maintenance to be
failed;
2.2.2.16 Sealing oil system failure of the generator makes necessary oil pressure and
level maintenance be failed;
2.2.2.17 The DEH, DCS and TSI failures leads to some important operating parameters of
the steam turbine unable to be monitored and the normal operation of the steam turbine
and its auxiliaries can not be maintained;
2.2.2.18 The generator slip ring and carbon brush seriously sparkle and are unable to
extinguish.
2.2.3 Fault shutdown operations of the unit
2.2.3.1 In case any one of the fault shutdown conditions is met, it should be reported to
the duty director and dispatcher, and asked for the leaders to apply for shutdown;
2.2.3.2 As the unit shuts down resulting from faults, quickly reduce load in prior to
transforming auxiliary power; as the unit load is less than 150MW, start the MSP and the
TOP;
2.2.3.3 Press down the EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN button by hand or locally latch the
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steam turbine handle by hand; check the HP and IP main stop valves and control valves,
every extraction electric valves and check valves, i.e. make sure they are totally closed;
confirm the generator is disconnected, the VV and BDV are opened, and the rotating
speed of the steam turbine is decelerated as the unit load drops to zero;
2.2.3.4 Check that the HP and LP drain valves are automatically opened; note the mains
team pressure and close the HP and LP bypass valves in time;
2.2.3.5 Close the drain valves of the main and reheat steam pipes; stop the vacuum pump;
open the vacuum break valve; cut off drain water to the condenser completely in case of
stopping circulating water supply;
2.2.3.6 Check that the turbo-feed pumps A/B trip, and the motor-driven feed pump is able
to be tandem driven normally;
2.2.3.7Check and make sure the fourth extraction steam for the user is able to be
replaced by auxiliary steam supply normally;
2.2.3.8Check and make sure gland steam can be automatically and normally switched;
2.2.3.9Start a jacking oil pump as the unit rotating speed drops to 2500r/min and make
sure its oil pressure is normal;
2.2.3.10 Stop gland steam supply as the vacuum is zero;
2.2.3.11As the rotating speed reaches zero, check whether the turning gear is
automatically put into normal operation; if not, manually put it into operation; record the
idle time and eccentricity of the rotor, turning gear current, cylinders temperature etc.;
2.2.3.12 Check the unit and listen the sound generated from the rotating parts of the
steam turbine; in case there is apparent metal impact sound inside or rotor idle time is
significantly shortened, immediate restarting of the unit is forbidden;
2.2.3.13Note that the vibration, axial displacement, differential expansion, lube oil
pressure and temperature, sealing oil-hydrogen pressure difference and water levels of
each heater are normal during shutdown of the unit;
2.2.3.14 Other operations are similar to that of the normal shutdown. Complete
other operations according to the Operating Manual.
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2.3.2 Entire Auxiliary Power Failure
2.3.2.1 Symptoms
1) AC illuminating lamp is off and DC emergency illuminating lamp is on so that control
room light becomes dimmed.
2) The MFT works, the steam turbine and generator trip.
3) Overall AC motors in operation stop, AC standby motors are not tandem driven and
every current indicates to zero. The main and small steam turbines lube oil pump and
DC sealing oil pump are automatically started.
4) The diesel generator is automatically started.
2.3.2.2 Causes
1) The unit is failed, meanwhile the standby transformer is failed or in outage state or
6kV busbar reserve power supply is failed to automatically operate;
2) The unit and power system are failed at the same time.
3) Working power supply and reserve power supply are failed at the same time.
2.3.2.3 Handling principles
1) After entire auxiliary power failure, it is required to check that the main and small
steam turbines trip and rotating speed is reduced; otherwise, manually trip them;
2) Handling for the boiler is operated according to the principle that the MFT works;
3) Immediately check the DC lube oil pump and DC sealing oil pump of the main and
small steam turbine and make sure they are operating normally;
4) In case of auxiliary electricity loss, the handling for the steam turbine should be
operated according to the “emergency shutdown procedures by breaking vacuum”; pay
attention to the lube oil pressure and temperature of the main and small steam turbines
and metal temperature of every bearing;
5) In case the safety busbar loses electricity, it is required to regularly turn the main and
small steam turbines till the busbar is electrified. And then Continuous turning is put into
operation after straightening shaft according to specifications;
6) Close drain water isolation valve of the main steam pipe; check that the mainframe
bypass valve is closed, otherwise close it by means of manually relieving oil pressure;
7) Open the mainframe vacuum break valve as the rotating speed of it is less than
2000r/min;
8) Pay attention to the condenser exhaust steam temperature; in case the temperature
drops below 50℃, circulating water pump for supplying water for the condenser is
forbidden.
9) In case of auxiliary power failure and the sealing oil pump unable to be started, it
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must quickly discharge hydrogen for the generator, so as to prevent from blasting for
hydrogen leakage;
10) After the auxiliary power failure, the instrument air compressor of the steam turbine
for power supply trips and the standby automatically starts so that the former one should
be reset as fast as possible;
11) After the auxiliary power failure, the closed cooling water is cut off. It should monitor
the variation of the lube oil temperature of the mainframe. The public closed cooling
water user is replaced by adjacent steam turbine that is operating stably;
12) Release the interlocks of every auxiliary and exit the automatic adjustment;
13) After insolating or removing the trouble spot, gradually recovery the auxiliary power
supply for every section; start the systems to prepare for the thermal startup of the unit
after recovering the auxiliary power.
2.3.3.1 Symptoms
1) Failure of two UPS failure for some reasons at the same time leads to output power
supply interruption. Electricity loss of the UPS busbar makes the FSSS lose electricity,
the MFT, steam turbine and transformer trip, all transformers lose auxiliary power supply,
and the OS and IS lose electricity.
2.3.6.2 Handling principles
1) Confirm the steam turbine and turbine-driven pump trip and the turbine rotating
speed decelerates;
2)Stop the electric pump under the condition that there is no monitor on the water level
of the steam drum;
3)Start the AC lube oil pump and startup oil pump of the mainframe on the CD
immediately in emergency; send a person to the site to check whether they are
operating normally; if the remote startup is failed, locally start the DC lube oil pump of
the mainframe immediately and make sure it is operating normally, so as to prevent
from burning the bearing liner for lacking of oil; meanwhile start the AC lube oil pump
and the startup oil pump at the switch room. In case the jacking oil pumps of the main
and small steam turbine are not started, they can be started in emergency at the switch
room. Check whether the AC sealing oil pump is operating normally, if not, start the
emergency sealing oil pump in time and stop the AC sealing oil pump to prevent the
generator from leaking hydrogen;
4)Locally check that two sets of turbine-driven pump and main oil pump are operating;
start the standby main oil pumps and jacking oil pumps A/B; locally check that every oil
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pump are operating normally; if the safety power supply loses, locally start the DC oil
pump of the turbine-driven pump at local control box of the DC oil pump of the small
steam turbine;
5)Check that the steam turbine and its auxiliaries are normally operating;
6)Feed water for the boiler by the electric pump according to specifications after the
UPS is recovered; if the steam drum is seriously lack of water, handle it with the
principle of less water in the boiler.
2.3.4.1 Symptoms
1)The unit load reaches zero and its sound changes suddenly.
2)The steam turbine trips and the generator switch trips to alarm.
3)The main stop valves and governing stem valves are closed with a zero opening
indication. The rotating speed decelerates after rising.
4)The steam extraction check valves and electric valves are closed.
5)The governing-stage pressure is zero.
6)The HP and LP bypass valves are opened.
7)The MFT works in case the load of the unit at that time is greater than 30%.
8)In case the MFT does not work after the unit trip, the steam pressure and temperature
will rise sharply, the water level in the steam drum lowers first, and then rises and a
solenoid relief valve works.
2.3.7.2 Causes
1)The 220kV main transformer switch trips.
2)The steam turbine or electric trip protection works or malfunctions.
3)MFT works.
4)The operator trips by mistake.
2.3.7.3 Handling principles
1)In case of full load rejection of the unit, it is processed in accordance with the
“emergency shutdown operating procedures without breaking the vacuum”.
2)If the rotating speed continuously accelerates after the full load rejection, it must be
processed in accordance with the “emergency shutdown operating procedures by
breaking the vacuum”.
3)If the electric protection works, it is processed in accordance with the “generator
transformer unit trip procedures”.
4)In case the unit load before the load rejection is greater than 30%, the MFT works. If
the MFT does not work, manually operate it and stop the boiler in emergency.
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5)In case the unit load is less than 30% before the load rejection and the main stop
valve of the steam turbine is closed resulting from generator transformer unit switch trip,
the boiler is able to continuously operate while processing as follows:
a) To keep the main steam pressure stable, the HP and LP bypass valves of the steam
turbine automatically open;
b) In case the main steam pressure continues to rising after opening the said valves,
oil should be fed to support combustion. And the pulverizing system should be
stopped to keep the combustion stable and the main steam pressure normal;
c) Check that the rotating speed of the motor-driven pump is normally governed and
the water level of the steam drum is normal;
d) In case the bypass valves of the steam turbine failure to operate on command,
process it according to the principal that the MFT works;
e) Loading speed is not greater than 15MW/min while recovering;
f) The boiler should be stopped in case the unit trip causes are unclear and it can not
be recovered in a short term;
g) If the main fuel trips resulting from inappropriate adjustment in the process of
treatment, process it according to the principal that the MFT works;
h) If the protection works, it should find out the failure causes and inform of relevant
person to check the associated professional treatment; start the unit after removing
the failures or being approved by the deputy general manager( chief engineer);
6) Contact the duty director for recovering the operation of the unit if the failures are
caused by miss operation of the operator.
2.3.4.1 RB occurs in case that single forced draft fan, induced draft fan, primary air fan
and air preheater trip and the unit load is greater than the maximum allowable output of
one the device;
2.3.4.2 RB occurs in case a feed pump trips and its standby is failed to be started jointly in
5s, and the unit load is greater than the maximum allowable output of one said pump;
2.3.4.3 RB occurs in case a coal pulverizer trips and the unit load is greater than the
maximum allowable output of the machine in operation.
2.3.4.4 Steam turbine side handling after occurrence of RB
1)In case the operating mode of the unit is “coordinate control”, the target load is
automatically switched to the maximum allowable output of the device causing the RB;
2)As the “coordinate control” mode is switched to “turbine following boiler” mode, the
steam turbine is applied to controlling the main steam pressure;
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3)Cut off AGC as RB occurs.
2.3.4.5 Following operations should be applied as automatic treatment is ineffective after
the RB works:
1)Find out the causes that RB works;
2)Take not of the variation of water level and steam temperature and control them
within normal range;
3)The unit resumes normal operation after removing the causes of RB.
2.3.5.1 Symptoms
1) There is no any process display or reaction although there is the display on the DEH
screen;
2) DEH screen loses;
3) The unit trip is possibly happened.
2.3.5.2 Causes
1) Mouse failure
2) Display, DEH software and hardware failure
3) Power loss of operator station
4) DEH power loss
2.3.5.3 Disposal principles
1) Inform the thermal technician to the scene in time to process the DEH failures;
2) Check that the OIS screen displays normally;
3) Report to the provincial transfer to exit AGC and to stop loading up or down; try to
keep the operating mode of the unit invariable on the premise of without affecting the
stable operation of the unit;
4) Strengthen the monitoring on the important parameters of the OIS and the local
inspection to keep the parameters stable;
5) Locally check that each steam valve is closed and front header rotating speed
counter continues to reduce in case of unit trip;
6) Start every oil pump of the mainframe; open the HP cylinder vent valves and
emergency dump valves; monitor the relevant parameters of the mainframe through the
OS screen, i.e. make sure they are normal;
7) Complete the normal shutdown operations of the unit.
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3. Abnormal Operation and Accident Management of Steam Turbine
3.1.1 Symptoms
3.1.1.1 The condenser vacuum drops; exhaust and condensate temperature rises;
3.1.1.2 Alarm for low vacuum and high exhaust temperature;
3.1.1.3 The unit load reduces correspondingly under the conditions that the main steam
flow, pressure and temperature, and valves opening are invariable;
3.1.2 Causes of vacuum slow drop
3.1.2.1 Vacuum system leak
3.1.2.2 Vacuum pump failure of abnormal cooling system of the vacuum pump
3.1.2.2 Pretty low gland steam pressure, abnormal gland vacuum and water level and
blocked gland drain water
3.1.2.3 Reduced circulating water flow resulting from dirty and blocked condenser steel
pipe or tube plate and secondary filter screen, circulating water system failure of miss
operation and so on
3.1.2.4 Excessively high hot well water level
3.1.2.5 Miss operation of the vacuum system valves
3.1.2.6 The HP and LP bypass valves in pen condition
3.1.2.7 The valve of the water induction prevention system in operation is opened by
accident or the condenser heat load is excessive.
3.1.2.8 Pretty low water level of condensate make-up tank or broken water seal of
multi-stage U pipe
3.1.3 Causes of vacuum sharp drop
3.1.3.1 Circulating water interruption
3.1.3.2 Gland steam interruption
3.1.3.3 Excessively high water level of the hot well till reaching the extraction opening
3.1.3.4 The vacuum break valve to be opened by error
3.1.3.5 Bypass system mis-operation
3.1.4 Disposal principle of vacuum drop
3.1.4.1 ;Confirm the vacuum drop by comparing it with the exhaust temperature while
finding it; find out the causes quickly and take corresponding measures to treat it and
report to the duty director;
3.1.4.2 As the condenser vacuum drops to negative 87.5KPa, the standby vacuum pump
automatically starts, if it does not, manually start it; if the vacuum continues to drop, begin
to reduce load. As the vacuum drops to negative 74.7KPa, the load is reduced to zero,
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and trip protection works, otherwise manually trip to stop;
3.1.4.3 Take close note to the LP cylinder exhaust temperature in the process of vacuum
drop; put the back cylinder spray valve of the LP cylinder into operation as the exhaust
temperature rises to 50℃; as the temperature continues to rise to 107℃, the protection
works to trip, otherwise manually trip it;
3.1.4.4 Take note of the operating and load conditions of the turbo-feed pump as vacuum
drop; switch to the motor-driven pump operation if necessary;
3.1.4.5 The protection works to trip the unit if the vacuum drops fast and reaches negative
74.7KPa in the process of treatment; otherwise manually trip it;
3.1.4.6 Cut off all pressurized drain water to the condenser and mainframe bypass system
as the unit stops for low vacuum;
3.1.4.7 Strengthen the supervision on temperature and vibration of every bearing of the
unit.
3.1.5 Disposal principles for full water of the hot well
3.1.5.1 Check the field water level indicator while the condenser water level indicator is
filled with water;
3.1.5.2 Confirm the condenser is filled with water and the standby condensate pump is
started; open and adjust the #5 LP outlet drain valve; stop making up water for the
condenser, meanwhile note that the water level of the condenser is normal;
3.1.5.3 Check and confirm every valve of the process pump and condensate system
meets the operating requirement, otherwise, correct them;
3.1.5.4 Check whether the condenser makeup water system is automatically operated
normally; if not, replace it with manual operation;
3.1.5.5 If full water leads to sharp vacuum drop, it must be stopped as the vacuum
reaches the shutdown value;
3.1.5.6 Inform the chemical technician to test the condensate quality; if the steel pipe
leaks, find out the leakage by half isolation and take note of unit vibration and bearing
temperature. Contact the chemical technician to strengthen supervision on the
condensate quality; if it is unqualified, forbid to feed to the deaerator and process it
according to the failure shutdown principles.
3.1.6 Circulating water interruption treatment
3.1.6.1 Treat it according to the emergency shutdown procedures as confirming the
circulating water is cut off and can not be recovered; maintain the condensate system and
vacuum pump operating;
3.1.6.2 Close the HP and LP bypass valves, and the drain water from the main and reheat
steam pipes to the condenser;
3.1.6.3 Open the vacuum break valve to protect the safety film of the LP cylinder against
breaking in case the condenser vacuum drops to negative 60KPa or exhaust temperature
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reaches 90℃, and the unit rotating speed decelerates below 2000r/min;
3.1.6.4 Take note of the operation of the open cooling water system; close the inlet and
outlet valves of the condenser if necessary and open the circulating water connection
valve to maintain the operation of the open water pump; monitor the temperature variation
of all devices and the water level in the cooling water tower;
3.1.6.5 Strengthen the supervision on the lube oil temperature, bearing metal temperature
and bearing return oil temperature; break vacuum to emergency shut down if the bearing
metal temperature of return oil temperature rises and approximates to the limit;
3.1.6.6 Close the circulating water inlet and outlet valve of the condenser till the exhaust
temperature drops to below 50℃, and then recovery them;
3.1.6.7 Check and confirm that the safety film of the LP cylinder is complete, otherwise
inform the technician to repair it in time.
3.2.1 Symptoms
3.2.1.1 The main and reheat steam temperature drops sharply and the degree of
superheat reduces;
3.2.1.2 The temperature difference of the upper and lower cylinders of the steam turbine
increases and it alarms;
3.2.1.3 There is water hammer inside the steam turbine or the steam pipes; the vibration
of the unit or steam pipes intensifies;
3.2.1.4 The load fluctuates and reduces; the differential expansion reduces; the axial
displacement increases; the thrust bearing temperature rises. There is white smoke
reeked or water drop sparkled out from the steam pipes flanges, valve stems, contact
surface of the steam cylinder and steam gland etc.;
3.2.1.5 The turning gear current increases under turning condition.
3.2.2 Causes
3.2.2.1 Full water of the steam drum or abrupt and excessive increased steam flow leads
to steam-water priming;
3.2.2.2 The boiler combustion is inappropriately adjusted or out of control;
3.2.2.3 The attemperating water of the main and reheat steam of the boiler is
inappropriately adjusted or malfunctions;
3.2.2.4 The warming pipe has incomplete or blocked drain while the unit startup;
3.2.2.5 Water of the heater or deaerator overflows into the steam turbine;
3.2.2.6 The gland sealing system or extraction pipe has unsmooth and stored up drain
water or their drain water flows into the cylinder;
3.2.2.7 The HP bypass attemperating water valve is failed during startup and shutdown of
the unit. It must be fed by the cold reheat pipe;
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3.2.2.8 The main and reheat steam temperature indicator indicates abnormally.
3.2.3 Treatment
3.2.3.1 Check relevant meters to confirm the steam temperature drops actually when the
main or reheat steam temperature drops abnormally;
3.2.3.2 Break the vacuum to stop immediately while confirming there is water attack
occurred in the unit;
3.2.3.3 Strengthen the supervision on the metal temperature and temperature difference
of the upper and lower cylinders of the steam turbine while the main or reheat steam
temperature drops abnormally; break the vacuum to emergency shut down immediately
when there is white smoke reeked or water drop sparkled out from the steam pipes
flanges, valve stems, combination surface of the steam cylinder and steam gland etc.;
break the vacuum to emergency shut down immediately and open all drain valves
communicated in case the upper and lower cylinders temperature difference of the HP
inner cylinder reaches 35℃ and the outer cylinder's temperature difference is up to 50℃;
3.2.3.4 Break vacuum to stop immediately while the main or reheat steam temperature
abruptly drops more than 50℃ in operation;
3.2.3.5 Checks that the drain valves communicated with the steam turbine proper and
related with the steam pipes are open and able to fully drain water;
3.2.3.6 Find out the causes of water attack and completely remove them or isolate the
faulty devices;
3.2.3.7 Open the drain valves of corresponding pipes and check the corresponding steam
extraction temperature and water level of the heater as the upper and lower cylinders
temperature difference of the mainframe increases as well as the upper and lower walls
temperature difference of the extraction pipes and HP cylinder pipes; in case of confirming
that rather high or abnormal water level of the heater or abnormal HP bypass
attemperating water valve leads to the increase of temperature difference, it should break
the vacuum immediately to emergency shut down;
3.2.3.8 Uncover the cylinders to check in case there is water attack, axial displacement,
thrust bearing temperature out of limit, abnormal sound inside the steam turbine and
friction between the rotary and static parts, and idle time is apparently shorten;
3.2.3.9 If there is water entered into the turning gear of the steam turbine, the turning gear
must be kept running till the upper and lower cylinders temperature difference recoveries.
Meanwhile, it must strengthen to monitor the sound inside the steam turbine, rotors
eccentricity, turning gear current etc,;
3.2.3.10 Correctly record and analyze the idle time; put the turning gear into continuous
operation in time; measure the bending of the major shaft and listen the sound inside the
steam turbine. It should be restarted by contacting the duty director after removing the
causes of water attack and completely draining the steam turbine proper, main, reheat
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steam pipes and extraction pipes in case the idle time, thrust bearing temperature, axial
displacement, differential expansion, vibration and upper and lower cylinders temperature
difference are normal and there is no friction between the rotary and static parts and no
abnormal sound inside the steam turbine;
3.2.3.11 Restarting conditions of the steam turbine after it is shut down resulting from
water induction:
1) Water resource is found and cut off. It is confirmed that there is no water induction
any more;
2) Rotors should be continuously and fully turned for at least 4h. If there is halt during
turning, time delay is required;
3) The mainframe eccentricity does not depart the original value multiplying by 1.1. The
original value is measured first after the overhaul;
4) There is no metal fricative sound at turning state;
5) The upper and lower cylinders temperature difference of the outer casing of the HIP
cylinder does not exceed 50℃ and the temperature difference of the inner casing is not
exceeding 35℃.
3.3.1 Symptoms
3.3.1.1 The unit bearing vibration rises and alarms;
3.3.1.2 The field unit vibration apparently increases;
3.3.1.3 The journal bearing metal temperature and return oil temperature are possible to
rise.
3.3.2 Causes
3.3.2.1 The unit load and steam admission parameters abruptly change;
3.3.2.2 The lube oil pressure and temperature or generator sealing oil temperature
change;
3.3.2.3 There is friction between the rotary and static parts of the unit or the major shaft is
bent;
3.3.2.4 There is water attack inside the unit;
3.3.2.5 Water enters into the steam turbine resulting from the abnormal operation of the
heater;
3.3.2.6 The gland steam temperature is seriously not matched wit the gland metal
temperature;
3.3.2.7 Steam turbine blade is broken;
3.3.2.8 The steam turbine sliding key system is jammed;
3.3.2.9 The center of the rotary and static parts of the steam turbine is not aligned, the
coupling is loose or rotary part sheds;
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3.3.2.10 The bearing fixation is not firm or broken;
3.3.2.11 The outlet hydrogen temperature of every hydrogen cooler of the generator is
rather high or deviation is too large;
3.3.2.12 The stator and rotor current of the generator is unbalanced;
3.3.2.13 There is vibration occurred in the generator or system;
3.3.2.14 The heat soaking during startup of the unit is not enough;
3.3.2.15 There is oil film vibration of the unit;
3.3.2.16 The meters fail.
3.3.3 Treatment
3.3.3.1 Trip immediately to shut down and find out the causes as the bearing vibration at
any journal exceeds 0.125mm before the rotating speed of the steam turbine reaches the
first critical speed after rolling; do not warm up by decelerating speed.
3.3.3.2 Complete inspection must be applied after shutdown for vibration during the unit
startup. After confirming that the unit load meets the starting condition and the unit has
continuously turned for more than 4h, restarting is allowed. Forbid to blindly start.
3.3.3.3 In case it alarms due to 0.125mm of the bearing vibration, it must load down
appropriately, find out the causes and remove them, report to the duty director and inform
of maintainer to overhaul if necessary.
3.3.3.4 In case the bearing vibration amplitude of the generating set of the steam turbine
abruptly changes and exceeds 0.05mm under stable condition, it means that there is
damage or failure happened to the unit. Measures for stabilizing the amplitude within the
allowable range should be taken immediately. Otherwise, an emergency shutdown must
be applied decidedly.
3.3.3.5 If a big change of the unit load or steam admission parameters leads to the
vibration increase, it must check whether there is change in the total expansion,
differential expansion, axial displacement and upper and lower cylinders temperature
difference while stabilizing the load and parameters. Load variation is applied after
confirming that the said parameters totally meet the requirement and the vibration
recoveries. Treatment for the water attack is according to the “steam turbine water attack”
and abnormal axial displacement is according to the “axial displacement increase”.
3.3.3.6 For smooth water drain circuit, if the unit abnormally vibrates resulting from steam
reflowing into the steam turbine caused by abnormal operation of the heater, the operating
mode of the heater must be adjusted and its water level must be ensured within normal
range.
3.3.3.7 If the gland steam temperature is seriously unmatched with the steam gland metal
temperature, check the operating condition of the gland sealing system and match the
temperature in time;
3.3.3.8 Check whether the lube oil pressure and temperature, and generator sealing oil
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temperature are normal; regulate them timely as required;
3.3.3.9 Listen the sound inside the steam turbine; check whether the metal temperature
and return oil temperature of every bearing rise and judge whether the bearings are
damage;
3.3.3.10 Check whether the outlet hydrogen temperature of every hydrogen cooler of the
generator is normal; try to regulate and keep it in normal range in case the temperature or
deviation is out of limit;
3.3.3.11 Check the stator and rotor current of the generator and remove the unbalances;
3.3.3.12 Report to the duty director immediately while the unit vibration is abnormal due to
electric power system vibration; emergency shut down as the vibration is out of limit;
3.3.3.13 Break vacuum to emergency shut down in case the said operation is ineffective,
the bearing vibration reaches 0.250mm, vibration of any bearing is up to 0.125mm or there
is apparent metal fricative sound or impact sound inside the unit;
3.3.3.14 Regulate it again by the maintainer after shutdown if said symptoms are caused
by unskilled installation or maintenance.
3.4.1 Symptoms
3.4.1.1 The axial displacement has increased indication;
3.4.1.2 There is alarm for ultra-limit of the axial displacement;
3.4.1.3 The thrust bearing metal and return oil temperature rises;
3.4.1.4 The unit vibration is possible to increase.
3.4.2 Causes
3.4.2.1 Load or steam flow changes dramatically;
3.4.2.2 The main, reheat steam temperature drops largely or there is water attack of the
steam turbine;
3.4.2.3 There is serious scaling or breaking of the blade;
3.4.2.4 The abrasion of the thrust bearing or gland increases;
3.4.2.5 HP heater failure of condenser vacuum drop leads to excessive load of the flow
passage;
3.4.2.6 The generator rotor shifts;
3.4.2.7 Electric network cycle drops;
3.4.2.8 Meters malfunction.
3.4.3 Treatment
3.4.3.1 As the axial displacement increases, check the unit load, steam parameters,
condenser vacuum, lube oil pressure, thrust bearing temperature, differential expansion,
vibration, sound inside the steam turbine, electric network cycle and operation of the
generator; report to the duty director to appropriately reduce the unit load; find out the
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causes and handle them accordingly;
3.4.3.2 Handle the abnormal thrust bearing metal temperature or return oil temperature
according to “bearing temperature rise”;
3.4.3.3 In case the axial displacement increases and there is metal sound inside the
steam turbine or the unit vibrates violently, break the vacuum to emergency shut down;
3.4.3.4 If the said operation is ineffective, the axial displacement increases by 1.2mm or
reduces to -1.65mm and the protection works, break the vacuum to emergency shut
down.
3.5.1 Symptoms
3.5.1.1 There is apparent metal impact sound inside the steam turbine or variable degrees
of fricative sound at the flow passage;
3.5.1.2 The unit vibration apparently increases;
3.5.1.3 Under the condition that the steam parameters, vacuum and opening of valves are
invariable, the unit load reduces, governing stage or extraction pressure at some stage
reduces;
3.5.1.4 Water level of the hot well rises; electric conductivity and hardness of the
condenser increases or water level of some heater abnormally rises.
3.5.2 Causes
3.5.2.1 Defects of the blade
3.5.2.2 Unqualified steam; partially excessive load or corrosive damage resulting from
blade scaling
3.5.2.3 Long-term super low or high cycle operation
3.5.2.4 Foreign substance entering the steam turbine or water attack
3.5.2.5 Overload operation of the unit
3.5.2.6 Friction between the rotary and static parts
3.5.3 Treatment
3.5.3.1 Report to the duty director to request for load reduction or shutdown as the unit
load reduces, the governing stage of extraction pressure of some stage and intra-stage
differential pressure are abnormally variable, the vibration increases and the axial
displacement and thrust bearing temperature apparently change under same operating
condition;
3.5.3.2 Break vacuum to emergency shut down as there is apparent metal impact sound
or fricative sound inside the steam turbine;
3.5.3.3 Break vacuum to emergency shut down while there is abnormal sound at the flow
passage and violent vibration occurred in the unit;
3.5.3.4 To prevent the steam turbine from inflowing water, water level rise of the heater
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pipes caused by broken and fallen blade should be solved according to “full water of
heater”;
3.5.3.5 Break the vacuum to emergency shut down while the water level of the hot well
abnormally rises due to broken condenser steel pipe caused by fallen blade and
strengthen the supervision on the condensate quality.
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automatically started, if not, manually start it; as the outlet oil pressure of the main oil
pump is below 1.205MPa, the startup oil pump should automatically start, if not,
manually start it. As the lube oil pressure is normal, request for shutdown;
8) As the lube oil pressure drops to 0.069MPa, the steam turbine trips, and the DC
emergency oil pump automatically starts, if not, manually start it. As the rotating speed
is less than 2000r/min, break the vacuum to emergency shut down; meanwhile, check
the lubricating system and find out the causes of pressure drop.
3.6.3 Bearing temperature rise
3.6.3.1 Symptoms
1) It alarms due to bearing and return oil temperature rise;
2) The lube oil temperature rises;
3) The unit is possible to vibrate more violently;
4) The axial displacement is possible to increase.
3.6.3.2 Causes
1) Cooling water of the oil cooler is cut off or filthily blocked or inappropriate adjustment
for the cooling water leads to high lube oil temperature;
2) The lube oil pressure is too low or the oil inlet pipes of the bearings are blocked;
3) The violent unit vibration and broken oil film leads to friction between the rotary and
static parts;
4) The lube oil is unqualified;
5) The fixed parts of the bearings are loose or the mounting process is not good;
6) Meters malfunction.
3.6.3.3 Treatment
1) If the temperature of each bearing generally increases, check whether the lube oil
temperature and pressure are normal. If the lube oil pressure is low, it will be treated
according to the “low lube oil pressure”;
2) If the lube oil pressure is normal and lube oil temperature rises, check automatic
regulation of lube oil temperature and the operation of cooling water system; if the
automatic regulation of lube oil temperature fails, it should be switched to manual
control; if necessary, open the oil temperature bypass control valve to control the oil
temperature, and notify the thermal engineer to eliminate defects; if the oil cooler is dirty
and blocked, put an oil cooler into use for standby, isolate the oil cooler in operation and
notify the maintainer for cleaning;
3) If the cooling water is interrupted and can not be restored, and the lube oil
temperature continues to rise without downward trend, immediately break the vacuum
and emergency shut down;
4) If the valve is misoperated, immediately return to the normal operating conditions;
5) If the bearing temperature rises, strengthen surveillance of the lube oil pressure,
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bearing metal temperature and return oil temperature, unit vibration and axial
displacement;
6) If the shaft vibration increases, it should be processed according to abnormal
vibration of the unit;
7) If the temperature of individual bearings rises, check whether the bearings have
metal friction sound, and determine correctly whether the bearings are damaged or oil is
lacked of;
8) If the metal temperature or return oil temperature of the thrust bearing increases,
check whether the axial displacement is normal, and it should be processed according
to axial displacement increased;
9) Identify the metal temperature or return oil temperature of the host bearing rises
abnormally, adjust the unit load, eliminate the upward trend, and report to the duty
director and require preparations for shutdown;
10) If any one bearing of turbo-generator unit smokes due to lack of oil or the return oil
temperature suddenly rises to 75 ℃, break the vacuum and emergency shutdown;
11) When the metal temperature of any one bearing of turbine-generator unit reaches
the following provided values: up to 115 ℃ for #1 ~ #6 support bearings, up to 90℃ for
#7 ~ #9 support bearing, and up to 110 ℃ for thrust bearing, break the vacuum and
emergency shutdown.
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4) If breaking the vacuum, close the exhaust butterfly valve and the relevant drain
valves of the small steam turbine body first, and then stop the seal gland steam;
5) Pay attention to the idle time of the small steam turbine, and put the continuous
turning gear in time;
6) Complete other operations of normal shutdown of the small steam turbine.
3.8.2 Emergency shutdown of electric feed pump group
3.8.2.1 In the following cases, stop the pump group emergently:
1) The electric pump motor or coupling smokes and catches fire;
2) The metal temperature or return oil temperature of any one bearing of the electric
pump group is ultralimit or the bearing lacks of oil and smokes;
3) The feed water pipe ruptures and can not be isolated;
4) The feed pump is seriously vaporized;
5) The motor current is overloaded and can not reduce;
6) When the feed pump body leaks seriously, and a lot of steam water emits,
threatening the safe operation of the pump group;
7) When the pump group emergency governor acts and can not move;
8) When the main oil pump of the electric pump fails or the oil system can not maintain
normal oil pressure (less than 0.08MPa), and it is invalid to start the auxiliary pump;
9) When the electric pump group vibrates strongly or there is obvious metal friction
sound or impact sound within the pump;
10) When the electric pump oil system leaks oil seriously, and the oil level suddenly falls
and can not be restored;
11) When the working oil temperature of the fluid coupler of the electric pump rises, and
the oil drain temperature rises to 130℃.
3.8.2.2 Procedures of emergency shutdown of the electric pump
1) Centralized control and stop the electric pump or press the electric pump accident
button on the site;
2) Check that the auxiliary oil pump should be automatically input, or else should
manually start immediately and check whether the oil pressure is normal;
3) Put the electric pump spoon pipe to the "0" bit, and immediately close the outlet
electric valve and intermediate tap electric valve;
4) Complete other operations of normal shutdown of the pump;
5) Note that idle time and do a good job in accidents and treatment records.
3.8.3 Other accidents and treatment of feed pump
3.8.3.1 The lube oil pressure of the feed pump drops
1) Symptoms
a) The lube oil pressure drops;
b) The lube oil pressure is low and the system alarms;
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c) The temperature of each bearing of the feed pump group rises or the temperature
is high and the system alarms.
2) Causes
a) The pressure oil pipe leaks;
b) The working oil pump works in disorder;
c) The outlet check valve of each auxiliary oil pump and accident oil pump of the
steam pump or electric pump is not closed and leaks oil;
d) The lube oil filter screen is blocked;
e) The fuel tank oil level is too low;
f) The lube oil temperature is high;
g)The overflow valve does not act normally;
h)The lube oil is unqualified
i) Meters malfunction.
3) Treatment
a) If it is found that the lube oil pressure drops, identify the causes and try to
troubleshoot in a timely manner;
b) If the working oil pump works in disorder, timely start the standby oil pump or
auxiliary pump to maintain the oil pressure normal;
c) If the outlet check valve of the standby oil pump is loose, isolate it and notify the
maintenance;
d) If the system alarms when the front and back differential pressure of the oil filter
screen is more than 0.06MPa, should switch to the standby oil filter screen to run, and
notify the maintainer to clean the filter screen;
e) If a lot of oil is leaked from the oil system, isolation measures should be taken; stop
the pump due to failure when it can not be isolated;
f) If the tank oil level is low, promptly contact the maintainer to refuel; when the oil
level drops to a low limit and can not be restored or the lube oil pressure drops,
should stop the pump due to failure;
g) When the lube oil pressure of the electric pump drops to 0.10MPa, and the small
steam turbine lube oil pressure drops to 0.11MPa, the corresponding AC auxiliary oil
pump shall self-start, or else start up manually;
h) When the small steam turbine lube oil pressure drops to 0.08MPa, DC oil pumps
should self-start, or else start up manually;
i) When the lube oil pressure drops to 0.08MPa, the electric pump or small steam
turbine should trip, or else stop manually. When the oil pressure lowers, closely
monitor the temperature, oil flow and other situations of each bearing; when the
bearing temperature rises or is near the limit value, reduce the load appropriately;
when the bearing temperature is ultralimit, emergency shutdown the pump;
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j) If the oil temperature of the pump group is abnormal, check whether the
corresponding oil cooler is working properly, and try to eliminate failure.
3.8.3.2 The feed pump vaporizes
1) Symptoms
a) The electric pump current swings and declines; the steam pump speed fluctuates,
and the booster pump current swings;
b) The feed pump outlet pressure swings and declines;
c) The feed water flow rate swings and declines;
d) There is steam emitting out of the mechanical seals at the combination face of and
at both sides of the water pumps
e) The water pump has noise or impact sound internally, the vibration of pump group
and pipe system increases, and the rotor plays.
2) Causes
a) Deaerator pressure suddenly drops drastically, incompatible with the decrease in
the deaerator water temperature;
b) The inlet pump pressure is too low caused by blockage of the inlet filter screen;
c) When the flow rate is lower than the minimum flow protection value, the
re-circulating valve is not open;
d) The steam pump runs for a long time at low speed;
e) The deaerator water level is too low, resulting in inadequate water into the pump.
3) Treatment
a) When the electric pump vaporizes, the boiler is in the stage of ignition and step-up,
the electric pump should stop emergently, and the unit will restart after the steam
reason is removed; if water feed needs to be strengthened in the course of load
because the vaporization of the electric pump is caused by low water level of the
deaerator, the load should be transferred to the steam pump and then the electric
pump should stop immediately; if the steam pump has not yet started, the electric
pump should immediately stop and the unit stops operating.
b) When the steam pump vaporizes, start immediately the electric pump and at the
same time stop the vaporized steam pump, and in accordance with the water flow
rate, reduce the load appropriately.
c) Open the main pump body of the vaporization pump slightly to release the air valve
to discharge steam, and re-start it after the steam pump turning gear is flexible and
the input turning gear is normal; after re-startup, should carefully listen to the internal
sound and vibration.
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3.9.2.1 Symptoms
1)The deaerator water level indicator rises or declines;
2) The deaerator water level is high or low and the system alarms;
3) The opening of the deaerator water level control valve is abnormal.
3.9.2.2 Causes
1)The deaerator water level fails to automatically adjust;
2)The overflow and drain valve of the deaerator are opened by mistake;
3)The boiler pipe bursts, and the feedwater or condensate system seriously leaks;
4)Switch all high-pressure heater drain valves to the condenser in operation;
5)The condensate system fails;
6)The deaerator pressure drops suddenly
7)The condenser water level is low;
8)The condensate recycling is opened by mistake;
9)The feed pump does not work properly.
3.9.2.3 Treatment
1) When it is found that the deaerator water level is abnormal, should check the balance
of the unit load and steam water, and check the local water level gauge and determine
whether the deaerator water level is true;
2)If the condensed water flow is not normally regulated, timely regulate it manually;
3)If the condensate pump is not working properly, timely switch the operation of the
condensate pump;
4)If the condensate system is misused, correct it timely;
5)If the condenser water level is low, replenish water timely;
6)If the condensation water recycling is mistakenly opened, close it timely;
7)If the feed pump is not working properly, switch the operation of the standby pump
timely, and pay attention to adjusting the drum water level;
8)When the deaerator water level drops to a low Ⅱ value, check that the feed pump
and booster pump should trip, or else should stop the pump due to failure, and complete
other operations of normal shutdown;
9)When the deaerator water level rises to a high Ⅱvalue, check that the overflow valve
is automatically open, and the water level control valve should be closed; otherwise,
should manually intervene, and pay attention to the action of the condensate recycle
valve and the hot well water level should be normal, and pay attention to the changes in
condensing steam pressure; if necessary, open the release valve at the bottom of the
deaerator to a normal level before closing it;
10)When the water level continues to rise to a high Ⅲ value, check the steam inlet
electric valve and check valve from four-pump to the deaerator, and the drain valve from
#3 high-pressure heater to the deaerator should be automatically closed, and the
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relevant drain valves are automatically open;
11)If it is invalid after inspection and adjustment, and it is unable to maintain normal
operation of the unit, should report to the duty director and require shutdown.
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operating after breaking the vacuum of the vacuum tank;
3) When each sealing oil pump fails, the generator should emergency shutdown and
discharge hydrogen until the lube oil pressure can seal hydrogen in the generator;
4) When the host lube oil to the sealing oil supply stops, should pay attention to
monitoring that the tank oil level and oil hydrogen differential pressure should be normal
and that the vacuum of the sealing oil vacuum tank should be normal, and monitoring
the hydrogen pressure inside the generator and supplementing hydrogen timely;
5) When the oil-hydrogen differential pressure regulating valve fails, should contact the
maintainer to re-adjust, and during the period can use oil-hydrogen differential pressure
bypass control valve to adjust the differential pressure within the normal range;
6) If the sealing oil pressure is low due to the high differential pressure of sealing oil filter
screen, should switch the filter screen timely and isolate well and inform the maintainer
to clean;
7)If the sealing pad clearance is too large, reduce the oil-hydrogen differential pressure
appropriately and pay attention to monitoring the generator hydrogen pressure and the
hydrogen purity, and supplement and discharge hydrogen timely;
8)If the safety valve leaks or re-circulating valve leaks, isolate the safety valve and
tighten the re-circulating valve manually;
9)When the generator leaks hydrogen seriously, start the plant ventilation equipment
timely.
3.11.2 Abnormal oil level in the oil tank
3.11.2.1 Symptoms
1) The oil level indication of sealing oil vacuum tank, expansion tank and float tank is
abnormal;
2) Monitor and alarm the oil level of the sealing oil vacuum tank and expansion tank.
3.11.2.2 Causes
1) The vacuum tank float valve fails to act or the pipe is dirty and blocked;
2) The abnormal increase in the generator sealing pad clearance will lead to the
vacuum tank to be always running at low oil level;
3) The float valve of the float tank fails to act or the pipe is dirty and blocked.
3.11.2.3 Treatment
1) When the oil level of the sealing oil vacuum tank is high, close the oil inlet valve of the
vacuum tank, and re-start it after the oil level drops, and activate the float valve in this
way to restore the control of the float valve;
2) When the oil level of the vacuum tank is low and can not be restored, should stop the
sealing oil vacuum pump, recycling pump and AC sealing oil pump, change a DC
sealing oil pump, quit the vacuum tank in operation, and notify the maintainer. During
the period, discharge and supplement hydrogen of the generator every 8 hours in order
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to maintain the hydrogen purity within the generator;
3) When the oil level of the sealing oil expansion tank is high, adjust it by use of the float
tank bypass valve, and contact the maintainer to shake the float valve box with a rubber
hammer. At this time, pay attention to whether there is oil in the oil-water monitor and
discharging it promptly, and note that the hydrogen pressure in the steam turbine is
normal and keep that the oil level of the observation window of the float tank is at the
normal position;
4) If the oil level of the float tank is too low, check the float tank bypass valve is closed. If
the float tank float valve fails, isolate the float tank from the bypass and treat it by the
maintainer after discharging the oil and steam in the float tank. The hydrogen pressure
inside the generator should be noted during the period. If the hydrogen pressure drops
too quickly, take appropriate remedial measures, or lower the unit output to run. In the
event that a lot of hydrogen leaks out of the generator and can not be inhibited, shut
down emergently.
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3.13 Generator Stator Cooling Water System Failure
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is closed by mistake;
2) The water drain valve of the cooling water system is opened by mistake;
3) The water cooler leaks, or the ion exchanger leaks or the valve is opened by mistake;
4) The stator cooling water system pipe leaks;
5) The stator cooling water sampling flow is too big.
3.13.2.3 Treatment
1) When it is found that the water level of the stator cooling water tank drops abnormally,
check the above-mentioned causes and take corresponding measures. Strengthen
surveillance of the stator cooling water pressure, and check whether there is leakage
symptom in the generator;
2) Immediately open the make-up water valve, and try to maintain the water level of the
stator cooling water tank;
3) Check the running status of system equipment, and close the mistakenly opened
valve;
4) If the pipe ruptures or the stator cooling water cooler leaks, isolate part of the pipe
that can be isolated, switch and isolate the stator cooling water cooler, and notify the
maintainer; if it can not be isolated, and the water level of the stator cooling water tank
can not be sustained, should report to the duty director to request shutdown.
3.13.3 Stator cooling water temperature rises.
3.13.3.1 Symptoms
1) The water outlet temperature indication of the stator cooling water cooler rises or
alarms;
2) The stator cooling water and return water temperature indication rises or alarms;
3) The stator coil temperature generally increases or alarms.
3.13.3.2 Causes
1) The stator cooling water cooler is dirty and blocked;
2) Fail to automatically adjust the stator cooling water temperature;
3) The cooling water valve of the stator cooling water cooler pipe is mistakenly closed or
the valve core falls off;
4) Open cooling water pressure reduces or the temperature rises;
5)The generator heat increases;
6) Meters malfunction.
3.13.3.3 Treatment
1) When it is found that the stator cooling water temperature rises, check the above
causes and take appropriate measures;
2) If the stator cooling water cooler is dirty and blocked, put into the standby water
cooler, isolate the originally running stator cooling water cooler, and notify the
maintainer for cleaning;
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3) If the stator cooling water temperature fails to automatically adjust, check that the
running stator cooling water cooler pipe, shell-side entry and exit valves are all on the
fully open position; if the valve core falls off or the stator cooling water cooler is blocked,
should promptly put into the standby stator cooling water cooler, and quit the fault stator
cooling water cooler;
4) If the open cooling water pressure drops or the temperature increases, try to restore
the normal operation of the open cooling water system; if necessary, put into two stator
cooling water coolers in parallel operation;
5) When the stator water inlet temperature rises to 49℃ or the return water temperature is
as high as 73℃, closely monitor the stator coil temperature, report to the duty director, and
in accordance with the provisions, lower the unit load correspondingly until the unit stops.
Chapter Ⅰ General Rules on Start-up (in operation) and Shutdown (out of service) of
Auxiliaries and systems
1.1 Transfer and Operating Conditions of the Auxiliaries and Systems after Overhaul
1.1.1 Confirm that the repair work has been ended, the scaffolding has been removed,
and the site is clean without debris;
1.1.2 Overhaul the devices and system and make sure they are well connected, pipe
support and hangers are reliable, thermal insulation is good, and all manholes and
inspection doors should be closed tightly;
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1.1.3 An appropriate amount of qualified lube oil has been added to the power equipment,
motor and other bearings; the turnaround coupling shield, motor casing grounding lines,
cooling water pipes and others are well connected;
1.1.4 If the equipment has alternations in the course of maintenance, the maintainer
should provide a report on the equipment alternations and related drawings, and tell
operators the notes to equipment operation;
1.1.5 The on-site roads are smooth, the ground groove decking, stairs and railings are
intact, and lighting is adequate;
1.1.6 The thermal, electric meters related to auxiliaries and systems are intact and can be
used;
1.1.7 Work sheets have been ended, and the maintenance of equipment, systems that
can be put into operation is explained.
1.2 Auxiliaries Inspection before Startup
1.2.1 Confirm that all the repair work related to the equipment, systems has been ended,
the work sheets have been ended, the safety measures have been restored, and the
safety badges, warning signs have been removed;
1.2.2 Inspect that the oil quality and oil level of the bearings of rotating equipment, change
speed gear boxes and lubrication-related components are normal;
1.2.3 Rotate the rotors of rotating equipment, and check the clamping stagnation, the
anchor bolts not loose and the protective covers complete and solid;
1.2.4 Check that the seal water and cooling water of the relevant equipment have been
put into normal;
1.2.5 Check that all relevant meters of the auxiliaries and systems should be complete
and put into use, and the meter indications are correct;
1.2.6 The control loop, electrical interlocking, automatic devices, thermal protection and
mechanical adjustment devices of all auxiliaries and systems related to valves should be
checked as required and be supplied with control power and control steam source;
1.2.7 The static calibration of the interlocking and protection device of the auxiliaries and
systems is normal, and the electric valve, pneumatic valve and regulating valve checked
are intact;
1.2.8 Inspect the system comprehensively according to the system check card, confirm
the status of all valves is in place before startup, and discharge the residual steam in the
related oil-water system;
1.2.9 Check that each motor casing is well grounded, and measure the insulation qualified
before power up;
1.2.10 Check the status of the relevant devices and valves on the MMI is indicated
correctly, and all the alarm signals are correct.
1.3 Auxiliaries Start-up and Attentions
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1.3.1 Contact the relevant posts before the auxiliaries start, and monitor and inspect
operation after startup;
1.3.2 There must be personnel on the site to monitor the auxiliaries in the course of start,
stop, or commissioning, and after startup, if an unusual situation is found, it should be
reported immediately and an emergency outage is needed;
1.3.3 Before the mainframe, small steam turbine and sealing oil DC pump start, confirm
that the busbar voltage of the DC system is normal before operation;
1.3.4 Before 6KV auxiliaries starts, first confirm the corresponding 6KV busbar voltage is
normal, and when starting, monitor the start current and start time of 6KV busbar voltage
and auxiliaries,;
1.3.5 When the 6KV auxiliaries stop, pay attention to maintaining a basic balance between
bus loads at all levels;
1.3.6 The re-start of 6KV auxiliaries should be consistent with the electrical requirements;
under normal circumstances, allow starting twice in the cold state and once in the hot
state;
1.3.7 Do not allow to start the volumetric pump and axial flow pump when the outlet valve
is closed, and start the centrifugal pump valve when the outlet valve is closed, but after it
starts, open the outlet valve promptly;
1.3.8 After the auxiliaries start normally, there are standby auxiliaries that should be
promptly put into the "automatic" or "interlocking" position;
1.3.9 When the auxiliaries start, the duration of starting current shall not exceed the
provision of the manufacturer; otherwise, it shall immediately stop;
1.3.10 It is prohibited to start the auxiliaries in the case of reverse operation;
1.3.11 For the first time test run after top overhaul, minor overhaul and motor outage,
should first turn the motor idle and check whether the change direction is correct.
1.4 Inspection Items after the Auxiliaries Startup
1.4.1 Motor current, inlet and outlet pressure, flow rate and inlet filter screen differential
pressure are normal;
1.4.2 The sealing part of the relevant equipment is good, the cooling water system is
running normally, and the bearing temperature and motor coil temperature are normal;
1.4.3 Confirm that the interlock protection and automatic control have been put into
normal;
1.4.4 Standby pump check valve is tight, with no reverse operation symptoms;
1.4.5 All the vibration components and motor have no abnormal friction sound, and their
vibration meets the provision;
1.4.6 Check the bearing box oil level is normal, and there is no oil leakage symptom;
1.4.7 The adjustment of the coupling device to be intact, without shedding;
1.4.8 Inspect the system owned by the auxiliaries has leakage symptoms;
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1.4.9 Check the lube oil temperature of each bearing is normal, and the return oil
temperature should be within the prescribed range. When manufacturers have no special
provisions, implement the standards in the following table:
1.4.9 Check the motor temperature rise does not exceed the value in the following table
(ambient temperature 40 ℃):
Insulation
Class A Class E Class B Class F
Class
Motor
temperature 65℃ 80℃ 90℃ 115℃
rise
1.4.10 Check that each bearing vibrates normally, and when the manufacturers have no
special provisions, implement the standards in the following table:
2.1 Before auxiliaries stop, contact the relevant posts, carefully consider the impact of the
auxiliaries’ outage on the related systems or equipment, and take appropriate safety
measures.
2.2 Before auxiliaries stops, withdraw from the standby auxiliaries "automatic" or
discharge the self-start "interlocking".
2.3 After the auxiliaries stop, the speed should be reduced to zero, with no reverse
operation symptoms. If so, the outlet valve should be closed to eliminate the reverse
operation, and it is strictly prohibited to eliminate reverse operation by closing the inlet
valve.
2.4 Outage Maintenance of Auxiliaries or Systems
2.4.1 Maintenance of systems or equipment is subject to approval by the duty director and
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maintenance work sheet is handled.
2.4.2 Take good power-off, pressure relief and isolation measures of equipment.
2.4.3 Disconnect the power supply and control power of the maintenance equipment,.
2.4.4 Close the pump outlet valve, and make sure it is closed tightly.
2.4.5 Close the pump inlet valve and exhaust valve of inlet tube. In the process of closing
the inlet valve, in particular close to the fully closed state, should closely monitorthe inlet
pressure gauge, and operate slowly, to prevent the outlet valve and other isolation valves
connected to the high-pressure system from being loose, resulting in damage to the
low-pressure pipe and flange at the inlet part due to overpressure.
2.4.6 Close the bearing cooling water inlet and outlet valve, and open the pump discharge
valve and relieve the overflow valve pressure to zero.
2.4.7 Take safety measures as required by the work sheet, and hang safety signs and
warning signs.
2.5 Pressure relief operation of pressure vessels and pipes
2.5.1 Close all inlet valves of pressure vessel, and ensure they are tightly closed.
2.5.2 Close all outlet valves of pressure vessel, and ensure they are tightly closed.
2.5.3 Open the drain valve of pressure vessel, and pay attention to the pressure inside the
vessel should be lowered. After water drainage has been completed, close the drain valve
associated with the vessel, but open the drain valve of the separate trench.
2.5.4 Open the pressure vessel exhaust valve, and confirm that the vessel pressure is
fully relieved.
2.5.5 Cut off power supply for the electric valve of the vessel in which external working
fluid may enter, cut off the pneumatic valve and make a measure against mistake.
2.5.6 Hang a warning sign of "Prohibition of operation, and in work" on all electrical,
pneumatic, manual isolation valves connected with the vessel.
2.5.7 Take overhaul and safety measures as required by the thermal work sheet, and
handle the work sheet procedures for permission after the work sheet licensor and the
person responsible for work sheets inspect and confirm that safety measures are correct,
and make relevant records.
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into the oil system;
1.2.1.6 Trial-run the DC oil pump and actuate the interlock after it works normally. Then
actuate the interlock for the AC auxiliary oil pump.
1.2.2 Jacking Oil Pump System Startup
1.2.2.1 Check and confirm that the oil pressure at the jacking inlet exceeds 0.039MPa;
1.2.2.2 Start a jacking oil pump to check that the motor temperature, vibration and outlet
pressure are normal;
1.2.2.3 Check that the system has no leak and the oil pressure at the bearing jacking is
normal;
1.2.2.4 Actuate the interlock for the jacking oil pump.
1.2.3 Turning Gear Startup
1.2.3.1 Prior to start the turning gear for a new or overhauled generator unit, operate the
gear manually in a continuous way to ensure no abnormality;
1.2.3.2 Check and confirm that the lubricating oil system and the jacking oil system are
working properly;
1.2.3.3 Start the turning gear via the LCD to locally check that the oil injection solenoid
valve for the turning gear opens and meshes normally;
1.2.3.4 Maintain records of such parameters of the turning gear as startup time, startup
current, operating current and rotor eccentricity. Inspect the sound from the interior of the
gear to check that it is normal;
1.2.4 If adjustment from the maintainer is needed for the throttle valve, bypass valve and
overflow valve fitted on the oil turbine in case that the pressure of lube oil supplied by the
pressure pump and the main oil pump fails to meet the requirements, or the unit is
commissioned for the first time or after an overhaul, the adjustment must be finished at a
time when the turbine is operating stably at 3,000rpm but before the TOP and MSP are
deactivated;
1.2.4.1 Adjust the throttle valve to maintain the inlet pressure at the main oil pump of the
front bearing box at the required value;
1.2.4.2 Check the leak at the overflow valve and the oil supply manifold for the bearing;
1.2.4.3 Adjust the bypass valve and the throttle valve to meet the requirements for the
pressure of the bearing oil supply manifold & oil pump inlet and the leak of the overflow
valve;
1.2.4.4 The front bearing box must comply with the following normal pressure values at a
rated turbine rotating speed:
1) Inlet pressure of main oil pump: 0.098-0.147MPa
2) Pressure of oil supplied to bearing: 0.137-0.176MPa
3)Outlet pressure of main oil pump: 1.55MPa
1.2.4.5 Lock the throttle valve and overflow valve at the finally adjusted position;
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1.2.5 After the steam turbine attains to a speed of 3,000rpm, complete the tests while
maintaining the main oil pump in normal operation. Then stop the AC auxiliary oil pump
and AC startup oil pump and check that the two pumps have not reversed rotation
direction and the lube oil pressure is normal.
1.3. System Shutdown
1.3.1 Check and confirm that the seal gland and vacuum system have been suspended
from operation;
1.3.2 Check and confirm that the maximum turbine cylinder temperature drops below
150℃;
1.3.3 Suspend the turning gear for the main steam turbine from operation; then shut down
the jacking oil pump;
1.3.4 See to it that the sealing oil system works normally;
1.3.5 Release the DC oil pump of the main steam turbine from interlock;
1.3.6 Shut down the MSP and TOP as the cylinder temperature changes; check the rising
oil level in the main oil tank to prevent an overflow;
1.3.7 Shut down the cooling water inlet and outlet valves for the oil cooler to disable the
cooling water system for lube oil;
1.3.8 Shut down the smoke exhaust fan for the main oil tank;
1.3.9 After the turning gear is stopped, start the auxiliary oil pump immediately to cool the
bearing once the bearing metal temperature rises again and exceeds the limits;
1.4. Operation Adjustment and Maintenance
1.4.1 In normal unit operation, ensure that the turning gear, jacking oil pump, AC auxiliary
oil pump and AC startup oil pump work properly. The parameters must be controlled within
the following normal range and adjusted in case of any deviation. In case of an alarm,
check for the cause and correct the abnormality. If the trip value is attained but there is no
trip operation, shut down the system manually;
2. EH Oil System
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to 54℃ and above and a manual adjustment is ineffective, commission the standby oil
cooler, isolate the faulty oil cooler and submit it to the maintainer for cleaning and
re-commissioning;
2.4.6 Check that the nitrogen charging pressure for the high-pressure energy
accumulators is sufficiently normal. If the charging pressure drops, scatter the
accumulators and recharge one at a time;
2.4.7 Check that the visual mechanic indicator of the air filter is triggered. If it is triggered,
replace it;
2.4.8 Check and confirm that the pressure of the circulating system is less than 1MPa;
2.4.9 Before isolating the small steam turbine for an overhaul during the operation, close
the EH oil shutoff valve leading to the small steam turbine;
2.4.10 Fulfill the periodic changeover and testing tasks as per the requirements in Rules
for Periodic Changeover and Testing of Equipment.
2.4.11 Limits of Operational Parameters of EH Oil System
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operators from the site;
2.5.3.2 If the leak spot is inside the oil cooler, change over to the standby oil cooler and
isolate the leaking cooler. Contact the maintainer for a repair.
2.5.3.3 In case of a serious leak which hinders the maintenance of the EH oil level, contact
the maintainer for a prompt refill and prepare for a shutdown;
2.5.3.4 If the oil pressure drops as a result of a low level, solve the problem accordingly.
2.5.4 Treatment to EH Oil Level Drop
2.5.4.1 Generally, a drop in the EH oil level results from a leak in the system pipes or oil
cooler. Check for, locate and isolate the leak spot;
2.5.4.2 If the oil level drops too quickly, contact the maintainer for a prompt refill;
2.5.4.3 If the normal operating oil level fails to maintained, prepare for a shutdown.
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at a rate of 2MPa/min until the interceptor valves are all open and all low bypasses are
closed;
3.2.2.4 When the “cylinder transfer completed” signal is emitted, the low bypass
synchronously switches to the follow mode with the high bypass;
3.2.2.5 In the follow mode, the settings of the low bypass pressure controller equal to the
actual reheated pressure plus the offset value (0.2MPa). When the main steam pressure
rises abruptly (the rate of pressure rise exceeds max_gradient_follow_HP(0.6MPa/min)),
retain the pressure settings and abandon the offset value. The pressure control valve for
the low bypass is actuated and starts to control steam pressure until until the two low
bypass valves are reclosed and reverted to follow mode;
3.3 The bypass system will execute the following operations when the turbine trips at a
motor load of 6-90MW:
3.3.1 The bypass will be fast-opened;
3.3.2 The high/low bypass pressure is controlled in minimum opening mode;
3.3.3 The operating mode of high/low bypass is switched to constant pressure control
mode;
3.3.4 The settings for the high/low bypass pressure controllers are retained;
3.4 The bypass system will execute the following operations when the turbine trips at a
motor load of 90MW and above:
3.4.1 The boiler MFT is started in the event of a turbine trip;
3.4.2 The bypass system will be switched to pressure control mode and the settings
equal to the main steam pressure prior to the trip;
3.5 Load-Down of High/Low Bypass
3.5.1 When the unit is unloading, the high/low bypass is maintained in follow mode;
3.5.2 When the motor load drops below 35MW and the “Load Down” signal is emitted,
the high/low bypass is switched to constant pressure control mode and the offset value in
the follow mode is abandoned. The new pressure settings are respectively 5.9MPa for the
high bypass and 0.4MPa for the low bypass.
3.5.3 The high/low bypass pressure controller works at a pressure variation rate of
0.3MPa/min.
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4.2.3.1 Check that the system has proper drainage;
4.2.3.2 Check that the valves connecting the seal gland steam manifold to the seal gland
sections in different cylinders are closed;
4.2.3.3 Check that the seal gland steam control valve is in manual mode and is closed.
Actuate the electrically operated isolating valve connecting auxiliary steam to the seal
gland steam control valve. The isolating valve guides the steam through the orifice plate
into the heat pipe of the seal gland steam system until the steam reaches the seal gland
steam valves of the different cylinders.
4.2.4 The seal gland steam must be commissioned as per the following principles: Pump a
vacuum prior to a cold-state startup and commission the seal gland steam before the
high-pressure cylinder is preheated. If a high-pressure cylinder is not preheated,
commission the seal gland steam 30 minutes before the unit rolls; in a warm/heated state,
commission the seal gland steam before pumping the vacuum;
4.2.5After seal gland steam is commissioned, start the seal gland fan immediately. Check
that the fan vibration, vacuum degree of the seal gland heater and inlet/outlet water
temperature rise are normal. Commission the shaft-seal fan in an interlock. A negative
pressure of 95-99KPa (a) must be maintained for the return steam pipe for the steam seal;
4.2.6 After the pipe heating process, commission the control valve of the low-pressure
seal gland steam supply station in an automatic mode. Check that the control valve works
properly and the seal gland steam manifold has normal pressure;
4.2.7 Check and open the seal gland steam leak-off valves for the cylinders of the main
steam turbine;
4.2.8 Commission the low-pressure seal gland steam supply, overflow valve and the
low-pressure seal gland attemperating water to deliver seal gland overflow back to the
condenser. Check that seal gland steam manifold pressure is maintained at 0.124~0.127
(a) MPa. The temperature of the seal gland steam is respectively 150-260℃ in the cold
state and 208-375℃ in the heated state.
4.2.9 Open all the steam supply valves to all seal gland sections of the high/medium
pressure cylinders to confirm that no steam leaks from the seal gland into the atmosphere.
Otherwise, adjust the vacuum degree of the seal gland heater or the pressure of the seal
gland manifold until no external leak is detected;
4.2.10 When the unit load exceeds 25% of the rated load, check that the seal gland steam
is automatically switched to self-sealing mode. At this stage, ensure that the reheated cold
section provides sealing steam, otherwise, close the control valve for low-pressure seal
gland steam supply and maintain the pressure of the seal gland manifold until the control
valves are all closed. When the load rises to 60% and above, the steam volume leaked
through the shaft end of the high/medium-pressure cylinders into the steam supply
manifold has exceeded the steam supply volume required for the seal gland of
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low-pressure cylinders. At this stage, the control valves for all the steam supply stations
will be automatically closed, and the control valve for the overflow station will be
automatically opened to discharge excess steam into #8A low-pressure heater in order to
maintain the steam pressure of the steam seal manifold at 0.13MPa (a);
4.2.11 When the seal gland steam is in self-sealing operation, monitor the seal gland
overflow and check that it is operating normally. After it works normally, close the
electrically operated check valve connecting the cold reheater to the gland sealing
system;
4.2.12 Before the main steam turbine is synchronized, commission seal gland steam from
the small steam turbine. Open the bypass valve of the steam vent valve for the small
steam turbine to pump a vacuum;
4.3. System Shutdown
4.3.1 While the unit is being shut down, if the unit load drops below 25%, check the seal
gland steam supply and ensure that it is automatically switched to low-pressure seal gland
steam supply;
4.3.2 After the unit trips and shuts down and the vacuum degree of the condenser reaches
0 while the turning gear is working normally, close the valves for the seal gland steam and
release the interlock for and shut down the seal gland fan;
4.3.3 Release the sources of seal gland steam supply and the control valves for seal
gland attemperating water from the automatic mechanism. Close the steam supply,
attemperating water control valve and the front and rear isolating valves;
4.3.4 Open the steam trap valves for the seal gland steam system.
4.4. Operation Monitoring, Adjustment and Maintenance
4.4.1 Check if the bearing return oil has water inclusion on a regular basis to determine if
the pressure settings for seal gland steam are too high, and if the seal gland steam has
proper drainage support;
4.4.2 Check that the pressure in the seal gland steam manifold and the operation of all
feed steam control valves & overflow valves are normal. Monitor the pressure settings for
the seal gland steam to prevent too low a value which may affect the vacuum degree;
4.4.3Check that the temperature of the seal gland steam manifold and the temperature
control of the seal gland steam are normal. Monitor the seal gland temperature of the
low-pressure cylinder to prevent a breakdown of the temperature control valve, which may
cause water inclusions in the seal gland;
4.4.4 Monitor the fan seal gland heater to ensure normal operation. Internal negative
pressure of the seal gland heater must be maintained between 95~99KPa (a) to prevent
seal gland steam from outflow.
4.4.5 Monitor the seal gland heater to ensure a normal water level. If no high/low-level
alarm signal is emitted by the seal gland heater, drainage from the heater must be
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discharged via the sealing water pipe. The water seal in the sealing water pipe must be
working normally. Ensure the inlet/outlet water temperature of the seal gland heater is
normal;
4.4.6 Fulfill the periodic changeover and testing tasks to ensure normal operation;
4.4.7 Adjustment and Operation of Control valves at Different Control Stations
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Fault Cause Fault Treatment
Steam Leak from 3) The return towards the steam seal reheater until a
or there is a drainage for the steam seal heater, try not to let
problem at the low the steam/gas enter from the lower part
Steam clogged
3) Check the power supply and
Overtemperature 2) The water filter is
control signals for the control valve
clogged
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3) The water spray
control valve does
not function normally
5. Vacuum System
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5.1.9 Check that the seal gland steam system is commissioned and works normally while
the unit is in a heated state (in the case of a cold state, pump the vacuum before
commissioning the seal gland, and vice versa in the case of a heated state);
5.1.10 Check and confirm that the motor of the vacuum pump has sound insulation before
electric power is fed to the control power supply of the local control cabinet;
5.1.11Ensure that the seal gland steam system is commissioned and works normally while
the unit is in the heated state (in the case of a cold state, pump the vacuum before
commissioning the seal gland, and vice versa in the case of a heated state);
5.1.12 Check and confirm that all manual valves are prepared for actuation. Open the
manual check valve at the inlet of the vacuum pump unit;
5.2. System Startup
5.2.1 Check and confirm that the vacuum pump meters and condenser vacuum
transducers are correctly commissioned;
5.2.2 Start a vacuum pump and the pneumatic valve at the inlet of the pump must be
automatically opened. The vacuum degree of the condenser rises gradually;
5.2.3 Check that the sound, vibration and temperature of the vacuum pump are normal.
Keep records of the current;
5.2.4 Check that the steam/water separator of the vacuum pump has a normal water level;
5.2.5 Switch the other vacuum pumps to the automatic mode after they are confirmed as
normal. Actuate the pumps in the manual mode;
5.3. System Shutdown
5.3.1 The shutdown of the vacuum system must meet the following conditions:
5.3.1.1 The rotating speed of the turbine has dropped to zero and the turning gear has
been commissioned;
5.3.1.2 The condensate pump must start another recirculation process and the
condensate polisher has been decommissioned;
5.3.1.3 The turbine must have an exhaust steam temperature below 47℃;
5.3.1.4 The temperature of the first stage of the turbine metal is less than 150℃;
5.3.2 Vacuum Breaking
5.3.2.1 Stop the vacuum pump and start the vacuum breaker to break the vacuum;
5.3.2.2 In the event of an emergency unit shutdown, reduce the idle time by breaking the
vacuum promptly;
5.3.3 If a vacuum pump needs to be stopped while the unit is in operation, check and
confirm that the pneumatic valve at the inlet of the pump is shut and the condenser has a
normal vacuum. If the vacuum pump needs to be stopped for an overhaul, isolation
measures must be taken accordingly;
5.4. Operating Monitoring and Maintenance
5.4.1 Check that the vacuum pump has normal vibration, no friction, no abnormal noise
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and normal motor current;
5.4.2 Monitor the steam/water separator of the vacuum pump to ensure a normal water
level and normal makeup water pressure. Ensure that the cooler works reliably;
5.4.3 Check and monitor the condenser to ensure a normal vacuum for the condenser and
no leak for the system.
5.4.4 Check that the steam/water separator has normal discharge on the top;
5.5. System Fault Treatment
5.5.1 Drop in Condenser Vacuum
5.5.1.1 Symptoms
1) Vacuum indications of local condensers and condensers in the centralized control
station;
2) The temperature of the exhaust steam rises and the temperature of the condensate
rises;
3) Under the same load, the steam flow rate increases and the pressure at velocity
stage rises;
4) The vacuum drops to 13.5KPa (a), or the exhaust steam rises to 80℃. An alarm is
sounded.
5.4.1.2 Causes:
1) The circulating water pump has a failure or trip; the butterfly valve at the outlet of the
pump has a smaller opening or is fully closed; or the inlet and outlet circulating water
valves for the condenser are closed by mistake, causing a decrease or cutoff of
circulating water supply;
2) The stainless steel pipe of the condenser is not clean;
3) The mechanical vacuum pump has a failure or trip;
4) The vacuum breaker is opened by mistake, or is not tightly closed; the pipes of the
vacuum system and other systems have a failure or leak; or the valve of the vacuum
system has an external leak.
5) The steam supply pressure of the seal gland drops perceptibly and the water level
and negative pressure of the seal gland heater are abnormal;
6) The hot well of the condenser has too high a water level;
7) The vacuum system of the small steam turbine develops a leak;
8) The explosion vent in the low-pressure cylinder of the main and small steam turbines
develops a crack.
5.4.1.3 Treatment
1) If a drop of condenser vacuum degree is detected, check up promptly the indications
of the vacuum gauges and confirm the drop by comparative studies of temperature
rises of the exhaust steam;
2) Conduct the following checks on the circulating water system:
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a) Check if the circulating water pressure is normal; it is too low, check if there is any
leak or blockage in the circulating water system;
b) Check if the water level at the inlet of the circulating pump; if it is too low, promptly
start the filth removal unit;
c) Check if the circulating water temperature rises;
d) If the inlet water pressure and the outlet water temperature of the condenser rise,
there must be a filth accumulation in the pipe system. Clean the steel pipe of the
condenser at this stage;
e) Check that the circulating water pump functions properly, otherwise start the
standby pump.
3) Check the vacuum system and carry out isolation steps as follows:
a) Check that the vacuum pump functions properly;
b) Check that the vacuum system has a leak;
c) Check that the vacuum system pipes and the low-pressure continuous vent pipes
of the low-pressure heater have been damaged;
d) Check if the vacuum breaker is tightly shut and if the sealing water is normal;
e) Check if the steam supply pressure for the seal gland is normal, if high/low
pressure steam supply control valves and overflow valves of the seal gland is working
properly and if the sealing water for the seal gland heater is working properly. If there
is a fan failure or low negative pressure of the seal gland heater, the standby fan may
be commissioned;
f) Check if the small steam turbine steam vent system is functioning normally; if
necessary, start the electric pump, shut down the small steam turbine and close the
steam vent butterfly valve;
4) Check if the condensate pump has properly working sealing water, if the pump
develops a leak and if the water level is too high;
5) If the condenser vacuum drops to 13.5KPa (a), the standby vacuum pump will be
automatically started; otherwise, start the pump manually. If the vacuum keeps dropping,
reduce the load to maintain the vacuum. When the vacuum drops to 25.3KPa (a), the
protection mechanism will trip, otherwise, manually trip and shut down the pump;
6) While the vacuum is dropping, observe closely the exhaust steam temperature for
the low-pressure cylinder. When the temperature rises to 47℃, the water spray valve
will be commissioned; when the temperature reaches 80℃, the valve will be fully
opened; when the temperature rises up to 107℃, the protection mechanism will trip to
shut down the machine;
7) When the vacuum drops to 0.07MPa, the small steam turbine will trip; otherwise shut
it down manually.
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6. Circulating Water System
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6.2.3 Start up the circulating pump and check that the following parameters are normal:
pump current, rotational direction, vibration, sound, lubrication and cooling water flow rate;
6.2.4 Commission the control interlock for the outlet valve for the pump and confirm that
the valve is automatically opened at a full opening;
6.2.5 Shut down the circulating pump and start up the vent valve;
6.2.6 After the circulating pump works stably, check that the circulating water manifold has
normal pressure;
6.2.7 Start the second circulating water pump if necessary;
6.2.8 When the second circulating water pump is started, the butterfly valve at the outlet
may be directly configured as automatic mode;
6.2.9 Check that the temperature of all the pump bearings is normal;
6.2.10 Check that the coil temperature of the pump motor is normal;
6.2.11 Check that the sound and vibration of all the parts of the pump motors are normal;
6.2.12 Configure the filth removal unit of the circulating water system and the dredge
pump in the pump room as automatic mode;
6.2.13 Conduct a cross examination to confirm that the circulating water system and
equipment function reliably.
6.4. Shutdown of Circulating Water System
6.4.1 First, shut down the open circulating water pump; then shut down the other pump;
6.4.2 Release the standby circulating pump from the interlock;
6.4.3 ;Check and confirm that the vacuum degree of the condenser drops to zero and the
gland sealing system is shut down;
6.4.4 Check and confirm that the exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder
is below 50℃;
6.4.5 Check and confirm that all users of the circulating water system agree to shut down
the system;
6.4.6 Release the pilot-controlled butterfly valve at the outlet from the interlock. Shut the
butterfly valve;
6.4.7 Check that the butterfly valve at the outlet is closed, shut the circulating water pump
and see to it that the pump develops a reversed rotation;
6.5. Operation Monitoring and Adjustment of Circulating Water System
6.5.1 Check the current of the circulating water pump to ensure that it is normal, the oil
level in the motor bearing is normal, the oil quality is acceptable and there is no abnormal
noise emitting from the pump body;
6.5.2 Monitor the following parameters closely to prevent an exhaust stem temperature
rise or vacuum drop in the condenser, attributable to insufficient pump capacity: outlet
pressure of the circulating water pump and the inlet/outlet pressure of the circulating water
for the condenser;
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6.5.3 The temperature difference of circulating water for the inlet and outlet of the
condenser must be less than 8℃ and must not exceed the maximum of 12℃; if the
requirement is not met, identify and correct the cause promptly;
6.5.4 Check that the oil level and pressure of the oil system for the pilot-controlled butterfly
valve at the outlet of the circulating water are normal;
6.5.5 Check that the water level in the circulating water collecting sump is normal and the
sump pump has normal interlock; otherwise, start and shut down the sump pump
manually;
6.5.6 Check that the water levels of the intake chamber, cooling tower, bearing and motor
are normal; check that the flow rate in the cooling tower is constant;
6.5.7 Monitor the filth removal unit in the circulating water intake chamber to check that an
automatic flush is operable; otherwise, flush it manually.
8. Condensate System
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8.1.2 Check that all valves are in the correct position as indicated by the valve check card
before the system starts up;
8.1.3 Confirm that the service water system is operating reliably;
8.1.4 Contact the chemical engineer to start the demineralization pump to supply makeup
water to the condensate storage tank. Confirm that the water level in the tank is normal
and the water quality is acceptable;
8.1.5 Check that the condensate delivery pump meets the relevant requirements, the inlet
valve and the recirculating valve of the pump are open and the outlet valve is closed.
Close the drain valve on the steam side of the condenser, start the condensate delivery
pump and check that the system is working properly before supplying makeup water to the
condenser;
8.1.6 Open the injection valve connecting the condensate delivery pump to the
condensate system to inject water. Open the vent valves of the condensate pipe system to
discharge the air. The vent valves will close on contact with water;
8.1.7 Open the sealing water valve for the condensate pump to deliver sealing water;
8.1.8 Open the vent valves at the inlet/outlet of the condensate pump and at the inlet of
the strainer. After water makeup and air discharge operations are completed, close the
vent valves at the inlet/outlet of valves for the condensate pump and the vent valve for the
strainer;
8.1.9 Commission the cooling water for the motor bearing of the condensate pump and
check if the backwater is working properly;
8.1.10 Check if the oil level in the bearing of the condensate pump is normal;
8.1.11 Open the air valve for the condensate valve;
8.1.12 When makeup water in the condenser reaches a normal level, close the makeup
water bypass valve;
8.1.13 Open the front and rear cut-off valve of the makeup water control valve for the
condenser and commission automatic control for the water level.
8.2. Condensate System Startup
8.2.1 Startup of Condensate Pump
8.2.1.1 Check and confirm that the condenser water level is normal, the cooling water
supply to the condensate pump and the motor is normal and all interlock protection tests
have been passed;
8.2.1.2 Check and confirm that the inlet water valve of the condensate pump and the
condensate recirculating valve are open;
8.2.1.3Start one of the condensate pumps and observe the starting current and the current
return time. Check that the outlet water valve is automatically and promptly opened.
Check that the following parameters of the pump are normal: pump vibration, sound,
bearing & motor coil temperature, motor current, outlet pressure, differential pressure on
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two sides of the strainer, sealing water pressure and condenser water level. Check that
the system has no leak;
8.2.1.4 Contact the chemical engineer to test the quality of the condensate water. If the
quality is unacceptable, the condensate water must not be delivered to the deaerator.
Close the outlet valve for #5 low pressure heater and open the drain valve on the water
outlet pipe to replace water. Condensate water must not be delivered to the deaerator
unless the quality is acceptable;
8.2.1.5 Commission the condensate polisher as required by the system;
8.2.1.6 Check that the condensate recirculating valve is automatically closed as the flow
rate of condensate increases;
8.2.1.7 Commission the users of the reclaimed condensate as required.
8.2.2 Commissioning of another Condensate Pump on Standby
8.2.2.1 Check and confirm that the drain valves at the pump inlet/outlet and the vent valve
of the pump are closed;
8.2.2.2 Commission the sealing water for the standby condensate pump;
8.2.2.3 Open the evacuation valve at the inlet of the pump. If the condenser is in a vacuum
state, open the valve slowly and monitor the condenser vacuum and the operation of the
working pump;
8.2.2.4 Open the inlet valve of the condensate pump to inject water. Monitor the vacuum
change of the condenser;
8.2.2.5 Check that the condensate flow rate and the manifold pressure are normal. Open
the outlet valve of the standby pump and see to it that the pump rotation must not be
reversed. Check that the standby condensate pump meets the standby requirements
before commissioning the interlock for the pump.
8.3. System Shutdown
8.3.1 Confirm that the vacuum system is shut down after the unit is shut down, the
exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder is lower than 50℃ and the users
of the condensate system approves a system shutdown or have switched to the standby
water supply;
8.3.2 Check and confirm that the deaerator has stopped water intake and all the
condensate users have shut down the system and met the shutdown requirements;
8.3.3 Contact the chemical engineer to decommission the condensate polisher;
8.3.4 Switch the standby pump to the manual mode and shut the outlet valve;
8.3.5 Shut down the condensate pump and shut all outlet valves via the interlock. Ensure
that the pump current drops to zero and the pump develops no reverse rotation.
8.4. System Operation and Maintenance
8.4.1 Monitor the water levels in the condensate storage tank and the condenser hot well
to check that they are normal. Check that the automatic control for water makeup is
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normal. In case that the automatic control fails for the water level or in the case of an
emergency, manual operation is allowed;
8.4.2 Check that the following parameters of the condensate pump are normal: outlet
pressure, flow rate, current, coil temperature and bearing temperature. Conduct a site
inspection to ensure that the condensate pump has normal sound and vibration;
8.4.3 Check if the standby pump is in a sound standby condition;
8.4.4 Changeover of Condensate Pump:
8.4.4.1 Check that the standby pump is in a sound standby condition and is ready to be
commissioned reliably;
8.4.4.2 Check that the sealing water has been correctly commissioned for the standby
condensate pump;
8.4.4.3 Confirm that the inlet valve of the standby condensate pump is open;
8.4.4.4 Confirm that the outlet valve of the standby pump is closed;
8.4.4.5 Check that the condensate water system is working reliably;
8.4.4.6 Confirm that the evacuation valve at the inlet of the standby pump is open;
8.4.4.7 Release the standby condensate pump from the standby mode;
8.4.4.8 Start the standby pump and monitor the opening process of the interlocked electric
valve at the outlet;
8.4.4.9 Check that the following parameters are normal after the standby pump is started:
motor current, vibration, sound, etc. Check that the LCD indicator lamp has correct
indication;
8.4.4.10 Stop the working pump and check that the current drops to zero. Check that the
check valve at the outlet is closed and the electric valve at the outlet is closed by the
interlock;
8.4.4.11 Check that the manifold at the pump outlet has emitted no “low pressure” signals.
Commission the original pump in standby mode as required;
8.5 System Accidents Treatment
8.5.1 Trip of Condensate Pump
8.5.1.1 Symptoms
1) The CRT sounds an alarm and the current drops to zero;
2) The flow rate of the condensate manifold drops sharply and the outlet pressure drops
slightly;
3) The water level in the condenser hot well rises and the level in the deaerator drop;
8.5.2.2 Treatment
1) First confirm that the standby pump is automatically started, otherwise start it
manually;
2) Adjust the water level in the condenser and the deaerator to normal;
3) If the standby pump is not successfully started, force a startup attempt on the tripped
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pump. If the attempt is unsuccessful, consider a reduction of the present load;
4) Identify the cause of tripping.
8.5.3 Idling Condensate Pump
8.5.3.1 Symptoms
1) The current drops and fluctuates;
2) The outlet pressure and the condensate flow rate of the pump drop;
3) When two condensate pumps are operating, one pump develops a rise in flow rate.
8.5.3.2 Treatment
1) Arrive promptly on the site to locate any abnormal noise;
2) Shut down the faulty pump and manually start up the standby pump;
3) Adjust the water levels of the condenser and the deaerator to normal;
4) Identify the cause of the idling pump;
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adjust the valves to the required position and confirm that the steam trap valves are
working properly and the automatic control mechanism has been actuated;
9.1.3.6 Check that the local water level gauge for the low-pressure heater is sound and
working properly;
9.1.3.7 Contact the heat engineer for commissioning of the water level protection for
low-pressure heaters;
9.1.4 Pre-Startup Check and Preparation of High-Pressure Heater
9.1.4.1 Confirm that the overhaul work is completed, the worksheets are completed and
the equipment is complete and sound;
9.1.4.2 Confirm that the heater and the pipes are acceptably flushed;
9.1.4.3 Confirm that the water temperature of the deaerator feed water tank is normal and
the water levels of all high-pressure heaters are normal;
9.1.4.4 Contact the heat engineer for required power supply to meters, instruments and
signal lamps. Contact the electrical engineer for required power supply to electric valves.
Ensure that the equipment has smooth and flexible operation.
9.1.4.5 Confirm that the compressed air system is working properly;
9.1.4.6 As required by the valve check card, adjust the valves to the required position and
commission the water level gauges as required;
9.1.4.7 Confirm that all steam trap valves are working properly and the automatic control
mechanism has been actuated;
9.1.4.8 Confirm that all protection and automatic mechanism tests are passed and the
protection mechanism for all heaters is commissioned;
9.2. System Startup
9.2.1 Deaerator Startup
9.2.1.1 Refill the deaerator to the starting water level with the condensate delivery pump
or condensate pump;
9.2.1.2 Open the steam trap valve between the auxiliary steam and the deaerator heat
pipe to effect a drainage; confirm that the circulating water has been properly
commissioned for the condenser;
9.2.1.3 Commission the auxiliary steam for the heating process, open the front and rear
isolating valves between the auxiliary steam and the deaerator, slowly open the pressure
control valve between the auxiliary steam and the deaerator and maintain the rate of
temperature rise of the feed water for the deaerator below 1.5℃/min;
9.2.1.4 After the water temperature of the deaerator reaches 100℃, open the electrical
continuous vent valve, close the pressure control valve between auxiliary steam and
commission the deaerator in the automatic mode. Check that the rate of temperature rise
is lower than 1.5℃/min. When the pressure rises to 0.15MPa, the deaerator works under
a constant pressure;
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9.2.1.5 The deaerator water level may be controlled by opening the electric valve between
the discharge outlet and the drain flash tank. Hot-flush the deaerator as required;
9.2.1.6 After the condensate pump is started, commission the loop between the overflow
valve of the deaerator to the drain flash tank of the condenser to operation. The automatic
mechanism must be actuated for the deaerator water level control;
9.2.1.7 If the condensate water quality is acceptable, switch the condensate water to the
deaerator. Commission the deaerator water level in the automatic mode and check that
the deaerator and the condenser have a normal water level;
9.2.1.8 When the 4th extraction reaches a pressure of 0.15MPa, check that the pressure
and water level of the deaerator are normal; open the electric valve between the 4th
extraction and the deaerator. For the deaerator, the auxiliary steam will switch to the 4th
extraction and the pressure control valve between the auxiliary steam and the deaerator
will be closed. Check that all steam trap valves for the 4th extraction pipes are closed and
the deaerator switches from constant pressure operation to sliding pressure operation;
9. Ensure that the water inflow speed is so controlled that the deaerator will maintain
constant temperature and pressure;
9.2.1.10 While the deaerator is in sliding pressure operation, open the isolating valve
between the continuous drain valve of the boiler and the deaerator, depending on valve
condition and water quality;
9.2.2 Startup of Low-Pressure Heater
9.2.2.1 Commissioning of Water Side
1) Commission the condensate pump, open the water inlet valves of the low-pressure
heaters to inject water into #8 heater through to #5 heater. If the vent valve on the water
side is in contact with water, check that the water level of the gauge for the low-pressure
heater does not change in times of water injection and the condensate flow rate doesn’t
change on completion of water injection;
2) Check that the inlet and outlet valves on the water side of the low-pressure heater are
fully open;
3) Flush the low-pressure heater as required for an acceptable quality;
9.2.2.2 Commissioning of Steam Side
1) Commission the steam side of #7A/#7B and #8A/#8B low-pressure heaters in the
random mode while the turbine is rolling;
2) After a vacuum is created for the turbine, shut down #6/#5 heaters in turn and start
the vent valve for the low-pressure heater slowly. Observe the vacuum changes in the
condenser. If there is a major change, shut the valve quickly and identify the leak.
Correct the leak before starting the continuous air vent process;
3) After the turbine rolls, commission #6/#5 heaters for the steam side and check that
the steam trap valves of the extraction pipes are open. If the extraction check valve of
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the low-pressure heater is in a free state, open the electric valve slightly for a preheating.
Control the rate of outlet temperature change of the low-pressure heater below 3℃/min.
Then open the electric valve fully and the normal drainage control valve must be
working properly;
4) When check valves of the 5th and 6th extraction sections are open, check that all
steam trap valves of the 5th and 6th extraction pipes are closed.
9.2.2.3 Commissioning of Low-Pressure Heater during Unit Operation
1) Ensure that all the overhaul work has been completed, the worksheets have been
recalled and the site has been cleaned. There is no object that may pose a hindrance to
system startup;
2) Ensure that all pre-startup checks and operations are completed;
3) Inject adequate water supply and exhaust the air when the water side is
commissioned. During the injection, monitor the water level in the drain valve closely to
ensure there is no change; when condensate water is switched from the bypass to the
main loop, monitor the condensate flow rate in case of a cutoff in water supply;
4) Open the continuous vent valve of the low-pressure heater slowly and monitor the
condenser vacuum closely in case of a rapid drop in vacuum. If there is a rapid drop in
vacuum, shut the valve immediately, check the heater and confirm the correction of the
leak before further operations are allowed;
5) When the steam side is commissioned, ensure that the pipes have been adequately
heated. Control the rate of temperature rise on the outlet water side of the
commissioned heater below 3℃/min;
6) After the extraction check valve is open, check that all steam trap valves of the
extraction steam pipes are closed;
9.2.3 Commissioning of High-Pressure Heater
9.2.3.1 Commissioning of the Water Side
1) Check that the feed pump is operating reliably and the electric valve at the outlet has
been opened;
2) Contact the heat engineer for the commissioning of water level protection for the
high-pressure heater;
3)Slightly open the electric water injection valve at the outlet of the high-pressure
heater to carry out a water side leak test by water injection. When water overflows from
the vent valves on the water side of #1, #2 and #3 high-pressure heaters, observe the
water level change at the steam side;
4)After the internal water pressure of the high-pressure heater reaches to the full value,
slowly open the electric outlet valve of the heater and switch the bypass to the inlet side
of the heater. Observe the flow rate and pressure changes of the feed water.
9.2.3.2 Commissioning of Steam Side
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1) Confirm that the water side of the high-pressure heater has been commissioned, the
water-level interlock protection test on the high-pressure heater has been passed and
the condenser vacuum is normal;
2) Ensure that the system has switched to the high-pressure cylinder of the turbine.
When the unit load reaches 30% of the rated load, commission the steam side of the
high-pressure heaters (sequence: #3, #2 and #1)
3) Check that all related steam trap valves of the extraction steam pipe have been open.
If the extraction check valve of the high-pressure heater is in a free state, open the
electric valve for the extraction steam slightly to preheat the heater. Control the rate of
outlet temperature change of the low-pressure heater below 3℃/min.;
4) After steam is admitted into the high-pressure heater, close the startup vent valve and
open the continuous vent valve on the steam side;
5) After the preheating, slightly open the steam extraction electric valve for the
high-pressure heater and check that the normal drainage control valve functions
reliably;
6) ;When the check valves for the 3rd, 2nd and 1st steam extractions are opened, check
that all steam trap valves for the extraction steam pipes are closed;
7) While the high-pressure heater is being commissioned, try to maintain the load
balance of the unit and check that the water level automatic control for the heater is
normal;
8)When the steam side pressure of #3 high-pressure heater exceeds 0.2MPa, deliver
the drainage from the heater into the deaerator and monitor and control the pressure
and water level of the deaerator.
9.2.3.3 Commissioning of High-Pressure Heater during Unit Operation
1)After the feed water system is commissioned, commission the water-side of the high
pressure heater as required by the relevant operation codes;
2)Check that the water side of the heater has no leak, high water level alarm is not
available for the steam side and alarm signals for the heater parameters are working
properly;
3)Contact the relevant staff to commission water level protection for the heater;
4)Check the valve status prior to the startup of the heater. Open the continuous vent
valves on the steam side and close the startup vent valves on the steam side;
5)In the event of a simultaneous startup of high/medium pressure cylinders (the
medium pressure cylinder starts up after the cylinder transfer), open the check valves
and electric valves for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd steam extractions. The steam pressure in the
heater will rise as the load increases;
6)When the unit load exceeds 20%, confirm that the steam trap valves behind the
extraction steam check valves and the drain valves in front of the extraction steam
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electric valves are closed. When the pressure on the steam side of #3 high pressure
heater exceeds 0.2MPa, deliver the drainage from #3 high-pressure heater into the
deaerator and monitor and control the pressure and water level of the deaerator;
7)After the drainage from the high-pressure heater is adjusted to normal in the
downgrade flow mode, commission the automatic mechanism for the water level in the
high-pressure heater and check that the automatic adjustment of the water level is
normal;
8)The pipe must be heated adequately before the steam side of the high-pressure
heater is commissioned. Maintain the rate of temperature rise at the outlet of the heater
below 3℃/min. In the commissioning process, monitor the variation of the following
parameters: unit load, axial displacement and differential expansion.
9.3. System Shutdown
9.3.1 Shutdown of Low-Pressure Heater
9.3.1.1 Shut down of Steam Side of Low-Pressure Heater
1) Allow #5, 6, 7A/B and 8A/B low-pressure heaters to shut down in the random sliding
mode;
2) Confirm that the electric valve and the check valve for steam extraction are
automatically shut and all steam trap valves for the steam extraction pipe are
automatically open;
3)Close #1 and #2 continuous vent valves between the low-pressure heater and the
condenser;
9.3.1.2 Shutdown of Water Side
1) Before the water side of the low-pressure heater is shut down, open the bypass valve
before closing the other inlet and outlet valves. Monitor the change of the condensate
flow rate;
2) If the heater is to be disused for a long time, drain it out and charge it with nitrogen for
storage and maintenance;
9.3.1.3 Shutdown of #5 and #6 Low-Pressure Heaters during Unit Operation
1) Reduce the turbine load to a specified value, depending on the shutdown condition of
low-pressure heaters;
2)Release the automatic mechanism for the water level of #5 low-pressure heater, open
the emergency steam trap valve between #5 heater and the condenser and close the
drainage control valve and isolating valve between #5 heater and #6 heater;
3)Release the automatic mechanism for the water level of #6 low-pressure heater, open
the emergency steam trap valve between #6 heater and the condenser and close the
drainage control valve and isolating valve between #6 heater and #7 heater;
4)Close the electric steam inlet valve for #6 low-pressure heater and close the check
valves for the 6th steam extraction. Ensure that the drain valves in front of the electric
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valve and behind the check valve are open;
5)Close the continuous vent valve between #6 low-pressure heater and the condenser;
6)Close the drain valve behind the check valves for the 6th steam extraction;
7)Close the emergency drainage control valves and the front and rear isolating valves
for #6 low-pressure heater. Open the drain valve for pipes in front of the emergency
drainage control valve of #6 low pressure heater; confirm that the isolating valve in front
of the emergency drainage control valve is tightly closed;
8)Check that steam side pressure of #6 heater drops to zero. Open the start-up vent
valve of #6 heater to observe the air discharge conditions and confirm that the electric
valve, check valve and emergency drain valve are tightly closed. Open the drain valve
on the steam side of #6 heater to drain it out;
9)Open the electric bypass valve on the water side of #6 heater and slowly close
inlet/outlet valves of #6 heater. Monitor the flow rate of condensate to ensure a steady
flow;
10)Confirm that the inlet/outlet valves of #6 low-pressure heater are closed. Open the
drain valve on the water side of the heater to monitor and ensure a steady flow rate of
condensate water;
11)Carry out other isolation steps for the overhaul work. Follow the above steps in the
shut down process of #5 low-pressure heater.
9.3.1.4 Shutdown of #7 and #8 Low-Pressure Heaters during Unit Operation
1) Reduce the turbine load to a specified value, depending on the shutdown condition of
low-pressure heaters
2) Release the automatic mechanism for the water level of #6 low-pressure heater,
open the emergency steam trap valve between #6 heater and the condenser and close
the drainage control valve and isolating valve between #6 heater and #7 heater;
3)Open the bypass valves for the water side of #7 and #heaters and gradually shut the
inlet valves of #8 heater (#8A and #8B). Monitor the change of condensate flow rate;
4)Open the emergency drainage control valve for #8A or #8B low-pressure heater;
5) Before opening the drain valves and vent valves, close the normal manual steam trap
valve, manual emergency steam trap valve, continuous vent valve and normal manual
steam trap valve between the upstream heater and the low-pressure heater;
6) Carry out other isolation steps for the overhaul work.
9.3.2 Shutdown of High-Pressure Heater
9.3.2.1 Shut the continuous air vent valve between #1 high pressure valve and the
deaerator;
9.3.2.2 Check that the automatic mechanism has been commissioned for the emergency
drainage control valve between #1 heater and the drain flash tank. Close the normal
drainage control valve and the isolating valve of #1 high-pressure heater in turn;
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9.3.2.3 Close the electrical steam inlet valves of #1 heater. Open the steam trap valves in
front of #1 steam extraction and behind the check valve. Take care to maintain the
temperature drop of the feed water temperature at the heater inlet below around 56℃/h.
The temperature drop must not exceed 111℃/h;
9.3.2.4 Decommission the steam side of #2 and #3 heaters as specified by 9.3.2.1.
through to 9.3.2.3. Observe closely the change in temperature difference and load of the
upper and lower cylinders;
9.3.2.4Switch the three-way valve at the inlet of the water side of the heater to the bypass,
shut the electric outlet valve and observe closely the change in feed water flow rate;
9.3.2.5 Release the three high-pressure heaters from water level protection, close the
control valves and isolating valves between the emergency drainage valves and the drain
flash tank and close the steam trap valves behind the extraction steam check valves;
9.3.2.6 After confirming that the high-pressure heater has been reliably isolated from the
operating system, open the drain valve leading to the gutters on the steam/water side.
9.3.2.1 Shutdown of Steam Side
1) When the load drops to 30% of the rated load, slowly the steam extraction electric
valves in turn (#1, #2 and #3);
2) When the extraction steam check valve is automatically shut, all the steam trap
valves for the extraction pipe must open automatically;
3) Close the manual isolating valve between the continuous vent valve of the
high-pressure heater to the deaerator;
4)Observe the change in temperature difference and load of the upper/lower cylinders.
9.3.2.2 Shutdown of Water Side
1) After the heater is shut down, decommission the water side as required;
2)Switch the water side of the high-pressure heater to the bypass, close the electric
valve at the outlet side of the heater and watch closely the change in feed water flow
rate;
3) If the heater is to be disused for a long time, drain it out and charge it with nitrogen for
storage and maintenance.
9.3.2.3 Shutdown of High-Pressure Heater during Unit Operation
1) Before shutting down the high-pressure heater, reduce the turbine load to a specified
value;
2) Shut the continuous vent valves for the heater;
3) Slowly close the steam extraction electric valve and check that the change in turbine
differential expansion and axial displacement is within the controllable range. Ensure
that the temperature drop of outlet water is below 3℃/min;
4) After the steam side is decommissioned, switch the water side of the high-pressure
heater to the bypass, close the electric valve at the outlet side of the heater and watch
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closely the change in feed water flow rate;
5) Before opening the drain valves and the vent valves, shut all manual emergency
drainage valves and isolating valves between the high-pressure heater and the
condenser;
6) Carry out other isolating steps of the overhaul work;
9.3.2.4 Random Sliding Shutdown of High-Pressure Heater
1)Under normal shutdown condition, adopt a random sliding shutdown mode for the
high-pressure heater;
2)After the turbine trips, check that the feed steam check valves and the electric valves
are shut through interlock. Check that the normal drainage valve is closed and the
emergency steam trap valve is opened through interlock;
3)Shut the primary and secondary continuous vent valves between the high-pressure
heater and the deaerator.
9.3.3 Deaerator Shutdown
9.3.3.1 When the unit load reaches 20% of the rated load, check that the steam trap
valves for the 4th extraction pipes are automatically opened;
9.3.3.2 When the pressure of the 4th extraction drops below 0.15MPa, the steam supply to
the deaerator switches from the 4th extraction to the auxiliary steam. Close the isolating
valve connecting the 4th extraction to the deaerator, open the pressure control valve
between auxiliary steam and deaeratorand maintain the deaerator pressure at a constant
value of 0.15MPa;
9.3.3.3 After the continuous drain valve is shut down, close the isolating valve connecting
the continuous drain valve to the deaerator;
9.3.3.4 After feed water supply to the boiler is cut off, switch the heating control valve
between the auxiliary steam and the deaerator to the manual mode before shutting it.
Close the heating isolating heater valve between the auxiliary steam and the deaerator;
9.3.3.5 ;After the feed pump is shut down, switch the deaerator water level adjustment to
the manual mode and shut it;
9.3.3.6 If the deaerator is to be disused for over one week, adopt nitrogen blanketing
protection, cut all steam supply and water supply and drain out the water tank. Shut the
drain valve. After the deaerator is fully isolated, start the master nitrogen charging valve
and the isolating valve. While charging the deaerator with nitrogen, maintain constant
pressure.
9.4. System Maintenance
9.4.1 Operating Monitoring and Adjustment of High/Low-Pressure Heater
9.4.1.1 Patrol the steam extraction pipes of the heater on a regular basis. Check that the
drain pipes have no leak and vibration;
9.4.1.2 An abrupt change of load may cause a change of the heater’s water level. Adjust
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the water level promptly;
9.4.1.3 Avoid prolonged heater operation at zero (low or high) water level;
9.4.1.4 Monitor the following parameters of the heater, including but not limited to
temperature of steam extractions, pressure, feed water temperature rise, terminal
temperature difference and water level; adjust the terminal temperature difference within a
tolerable, feasible and economically viable range;
9.4.1.5 Under rated working conditions, the pressure, temperature and extraction capacity
of the steam extractions must be constant. In the event of a deviation from the design
value, analyze the cause.
9.4.2 Operation Monitoring and Adjustment of Deaerator
9.4.2.1 Ensure that the deaerator operates in the fixed-sliding-fixed mode. The
deaerator’s range of sliding pressure is between 0.15-1.05MPa. When the unit load varies,
monitor the pressure and temperature of the deaerator to ensure that they conform to the
local conditions;
9.4.2.2 ;Check that the water level automatic adjustment is sound for the deaerator and
the adjusted water level displayed on the CRT;
9.4.2.3 Adjust the opening of the normal vent valve according to the feed water oxygen
content. Ensure that the deaerator works in accordance with economical requirements;
9.4.2.4 Check that the deaerator has no vibration and the deaerator and the system have
no leak;
9.4.2.5 Check that the heating control valve between the auxiliary steam and the
deaerator are commissioned in the automatic mode. Heat the pipe in front of the control
valve properly;
9.4.2.6 If the deaerator is heated by auxiliary steam, maintain the deaerator pressure
under a constant pressure of 0.15MPa. The deaerator must not be overloaded in
operation.
9.5. Accidents Treatment
9.5.1 An emergency shutdown of the low-pressure heater must be enforced in any of the
following cases:
9.5.1.1 When the steam/water pipes and valves of the heater burst and endangers
personal safety and the safety of equipment;
9.5.1.2 When the heater water level rises, a solution is not effective or the low-pressure
heater is filled with water;
9.5.1.3 When all water level indications fails and the water level fails to effectively
monitored;
9.5.1.4 When the extraction check valve jams;
9.5.1.5 When the heater works under overpressure and the safety valve fails to work;
9.5.2 Water Level Rise of Low-Pressure Heater
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9.5.2.1 Causes:
1) The water side has a leak or burst;
2) The steam trap valve fails;
3) The water level transducer fails;
9.5.2.2 Treatment: Decommission the steam/water side of the heater.
9.5.3 Deaerator Vibration
9.5.3.1 Causes:
1) The water inflow into the deaerator increases or decreases sharply;
2) The steam inflow into deaerator increases or decreases sharply;
3) The abrupt rise or fall of feed water causes rapid fluctuation of the deaerator water
level;
4) The deaerator has a leak;
5) A great quantity of drainage from the high-pressure heater abruptly penetrates into
the aerator;
9.5.3.2 Treatment
1) Adjust the water inflow into a deaerator;
2) Adjust the steam inflow into a deaerator;
3) Adjust the flow rate of feed water;
4) Adjust the water level of the deaerator;
5) Adjust the drainage and draining type of the high-pressure heater.
9.5.4 Increase of Deaerator Oxygen Content
9.5.4.1 Causes
1) Insufficient dosage or dosing interruption of hydrazine;
2) Insufficient supply or interrupted supply of steam inflow;
3) Abrupt rise of deaerator pressure;
4) Vent pipe blockage;
5) Serious blockage or detachment of nozzles in the deaeration piece;
9.5.4.2 Treatment
1) Adjust the hydrazine dosage;
2) Increase steam inflow or switch to other steam supply;
3) Maintain a constant load;
4) Enforce a shutdown or take corresponding steps before a solution is implemented.
9.5.5 Abrupt Drop of Deaerator Pressure
9.5.5.1 Causes
1) Interrupted steam inflow;
2) Infiltration of large quantities of condensate water as a result a malfunctioning water
level control valve of the deaerator;
3) The steam trap valve and safety valve of the deaerator are open by mistake;
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9.5.5.2 Treatment: Identify the cause of the pressure drop of the deaerator and take
corresponding steps.
9.5.6 Abrupt Rise of Deaerator Pressure
9.5.6.1 Causes
1) The condensate pump trips, or the water level control valve fails, causing a cut of
water inflow;
2) The unit is overloaded.
9.5.6.2 Treatment
1) Restore the water inflow for the deaerator promptly;
2) Reduce the load to normal.
9.5.7 The high-pressure heater must be shutdown in an emergency state in the following
cases;
9.5.7.1 When there is a burst of steam/water pipes and valves, which endangers personal
safety and equipment safety;
9.5.7.2 When the heater water level rises, a solution is not effective or the low-pressure
heater is filled with water;
9.5.7.3 When all water level indicates fail and the water levels fait to be monitored;
9.5.7.4 When the extraction check valve jams;
9.5.7.5 When the heater works under overpressure and the safety valve fails.
9.5.8 Rise of Water Level
9.5.8.1 Causes
1) The water level transducer fails;
2) The drainage control valve fails;
3) The water side has a leak or burst.
9.5.8.2 Treatment
1) Calibrate the water level transducer;
2) Check the drainage control valve;
3) De-commission the steam side and water side of the heater.
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10.1.2.5 heck that the EH oil system of the main steam turbine has been correctly
commissioned;
10.1.2.6 Commission cooling water for the booster pump;
10.1.2.7 Check that cooling water for the mechanic seal has been commissioned for the
steam pump;
10.1.2.8 Carry out opening/shutting tests on the steam vent butterfly valve for the small
steam turbine before vacuum is created for the main steam turbine. Check that the steam
vent valve doesn’t jam and shuts tightly.
10.2. Startup of Feed pump
10.2.1 Electric Pump Startup
10.2.1.1 Start up the auxiliary oil pump to check that the following parameters of the pump
are normal: pump vibration, sound, temperature, bearing return oil, oil tank level, etc.
Check that the lube oil pressure exceeds or is equal to 0.15MPa;
10.2.1.2 Confirm that the recicurlating valve is fully open and has been commissioned in
the automatic mode for the pump. Start the pump;
10.2.1.3 After the motor is started, check it that the following parameters are normal:
starting current, current return time, rotating speed, pump vibration, bearing temperature,
interior noise, inlet/outlet pressure and minimum flow rate;
10.2.1.4 When the lube oil pressure reaches 0.3MPa, the auxiliary oil pump will be
automatically shut down;
10.2.1.5 Gradually step up the pump rotating speed to the speed required by the system.
Commission the rotating speed control mechanism;
10.2.1.6 Check and confirm that the electric pump is working properly. When the pump
outlet pressure is slightly greater than the manifold pressure, open the outlet valve of the
pump and commission the automatic mechanism for the feed water (CAUTION: The outlet
valve must not be fully opened when the feed water manifold at the outlet has zero
pressure. Rather, the outlet valve must be used to control the inflow into the manifold and
must not be fully open until the pressurization for the manifold is completed).
10.2.1.7 Open the midpoint tap valve for the electric pump as per boiler requirements;
10.2.1.8 When switching between an electric pump and a steam pump, check that the flow
rate of the two pump types matches;
10. When the electric pump experiences a fluctuation of feed water flow rate, check that
the minimum flow valve has a properly working automatic mechanism. When the flow rate
drops below 200t/h, the valve must automatically open; when the flow rate exceeds 400t/h,
the valve must automatically shut down.
10.2.2 Steam Pump Startup
10.2.2.1 Start the main oil pump and the smoke exhaust fan for the small steam turbine
and check that the following parameters are normal: vibration, sound, temperature,
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bearing return oil and oil tank level. There must be no oil leak in the oil system. Check that
the lube oil pressure is maintained around 0.25MPa, the oil temperature is maintained
above 35℃ and the interlock for the oil pump has passed the test;
10.2.2.2 Check that the service water has normal pressure. Feed cooling water to the oil
cooler, booster pump and the main pump bearing, open the front and rear isolating valve
for the attemperating water control valve of the seal gland steam, feed sealing water to the
steam pump and open the unloading valve;
10.2.2.3 Confirm that all drain valves in the system are shut and open the electric inlet
valve for the booster pump slightly. Open the vent valve, discharge the air and close the
valve. Open the electric inlet valve fully for the booster pump;
10.2.2.4 Commission the turning gear 2 hours before the small steam turbine rolls. Check
that the turning gear rotates at around 100rpm and the interior of the unit and the pump
has no noise;
10.2.2.5 If the temperature of the inner wall of the cylinder flange is below 100℃, the unit
is considered as being in the cold state; if the temperature exceeds 100℃, the unit is
considered as being in the heated state;
10.2.2.6 Use the electric pump to boost the main steam turbine load to 200MW and the 4th
extraction pressure to 0.25MPa and above. Only after that may the first steam pump be
started (high-pressure steam supply may also be selected accordingly);
10.2.2.7 Commission seal gland steam and check that the seal gland steam pressure is
normal;
10.2.2.8 Vacuum-pumping may be synchronized with the main steam turbine or be
operated prior to the startup of the small steam turbine:
1) Pump for vacuum before the small steam turbine starts up. First, open the bypass for
the steam vent butterfly valve slightly and the vacuum for the small steam turbine will
gradually step up. Observe the vacuum for the main steam turbine to check that it
doesn’t drop substantially;
2) When the small steam turbine vacuum approaches the main steam turbine vacuum,
open the steam vent valve;
10.2.2.9 Commission the automatic mechanism for the steam trap valve for the small
steam turbine. Open the steam trap valves for the high/low pressure steam supply pipes,
high/low pressure main steam valves and control valves to provide drainage for the small
steam turbine and the steam supply system;
10.2.2.10 Check that the minimum flow recirculating valve is open for the steam pump.
Start the booster pump for the steam pump. After the motor starts up, check that the
following parameters are normal: starting current, current return time, pump vibration,
bearing temperature, pump noise, inlet/outlet pressure and minimum flow;
10.2.2.11 Check that the small steam turbine meets all rolling conditions:
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1) Vacuum: Above 84.5KPa;
2) Resistance to fuel oil pressure: Above 8MPa;
3) Lube oil pressure: 0.25MPa; oil temperature: Above 35℃
4) Safety oil pressure: Normal;
5) Steam pressure: Normal; steam overheat: 50℃;
6) The booster pump and the turning gear must operate reliably for at least 2 hours on
end;
7)Select steam supply accordingly and confirm that the steam supply meets the
relevant requirements and the steam pipe before the main steam valve is sufficiently
heated;
10.2.2.12 Press “BFPT Reset” on the MEH control panel and latch on the small steam
turbine;
10.2.2.13 Enter 900r/min as the target rotating speed; After confirmation, the small steam
turbine is started and the flow of the control valve starts to escalate. Check that the turning
gear automatically trips. The rotating speed will automatically rise from 300r/min and 900r/min.
Heat the unit for 15min;
10.2.2.14 Enter 1,800r/min as the target rotating speed; after confirmation, the rotating speed
will automatically rise from 300r/min to 1,800r/min. Heat the unit for 15min;
10.2.2.15 Input 3,000r/min as the target rotating speed; After confirmation, the rotating speed
rises automatically from 1,200r/min to 3,000r/min. Heat the unit for 10min. Check that
everything goes well and slowly open outlet valve of the steam-operated feed pump to
observe the change in flow rate;
10.2.2.16 The first critical rotating speed of the unit is 2,336r/min and the second critical
rotating speed is 7,713r/min. When the rotating speed reaches the critical value, the rate
of the unit automatically increases to the maximum. At this stage, it is ineffective to
attempt any modification of rate;
10.2.2.17 Push the “BOILER AUTO CTRL” button on the MEH panel to effect an
automatic control;
10.2.2.18 If the inlet steam pressure of the small steam turbine is low, the speed control
system will automatically switch to a higher pressure to admit part of the main steam and
meet the requirements for a larger load. When the main steam turbine load reaches the 4th
extraction pressure and can meet the requirements of the small steam turbine, the speed
control system will automatically effect a switchover to cut off high-pressure inlet steam
and drive the water pump by low-pressure inlet steam (if high-pressure steam supply is
selected for a startup, the small steam turbine will switch from low-pressure steam to
high-pressure steam after the unit load reaches 40% of the rated load);
10.2.2.19 After the main steam turbine load reaches 300MW, start the second steam
pump;
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10.2.2.20Close all steam trap valves between the small turbine cylinder and the steam pipes.
10.3. Shutdown of Feed pump
10.3.1 Shutdown of Electric Pump after Startup of Steam Pump
10.3.1.1 Release the auxiliary oil pump from interlock, start it and check that it works
normally and the lube oil pressure is normal;
10.3.1.2 Check that the steam pump attains to a rotating speed of 3,000rpm and
commission the automatic control mode. Switch the speed control of the electric pump to
the manual mode and gradually reduce the pump rotating speed. Shift the electric pump
load wholly to the steam pump;
10.3.1.3 When the flow rate of the electric pump drops below 200t/h, the recirculating
pump will automatically open;
10.3.1.4 Shut down the pump to observe the idle operation of the feed pump and the
motor and check that the lube oil pressure is normal;
10.3.1.5 After the electric pump is shut down, switch the rotation control mechanism of the
electric pump to automatic mode and commission the pump on standby;
10.3.2 Shutdown of Steam Pump
10.3.2.1 When the main steam turbine load drops below 50%, one steam pump may be
shut down;
10.3.2.2 Before the shutdown of the steam-operated feed pump, trial-run the standby oil
pump and DC oil pump to check that they work reliably;
10.3.2.3 When the unit load drops to 180MW, startup the electric pump as per the
requirements to check that it operates reliably;
10.3.2.4 Switch the rotating speed of the first small steam turbine to be shut down to the
automatic mode;
10.3.2.5 Step down the steam pump rotating speed gradually. See to it that the rotating
speed of the electric pump must be increased accordingly;
10.3.2.6 When the steam pump has a flow rate less than 300t/h, the recirculating pump
must open automatically;
10.3.2.7 After the full load of the steam pump is shifted to the electric pump, reduce the
rotating speed of the steam pump below 3,000rpm and open the steam trap valve for the
small steam turbine;
10.3.2.8 Trip the small steam turbine via the control panel or via the local control
mechanism. Check that the main steam valve and the steam control valve are closed. The
rotating speed of the small steam turbine drops;
10.3.2.9 Check that the water spray valve automatically opens for the steam vent pipe;
10.3.2.10 When the small steam turbine drops to 43r/min, the turning gear must be
commissioned automatically;
10.3.2.11 Close the electric steam inlet valve for the small steam turbine and open all the
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steam trap valves;
10.3.2.12 If the steam pump is used for a standby heating source, the seal gland and the
turning gear should operate continuously. The steam vent butterfly valve must be open.
Maintain pipe heating for the small steam turbine;
10.3.2.13 In the event of a seal gland steam supply, the turning gear must not be shut
down. If the main steam turbine and the small steam turbine are synchronously shut down,
seal gland steam supply may be stopped. If the small steam turbine is shut down
separately, close the steam vent butterfly valve and stop seal gland steam supply when
the inner wall temperature of the cylinder flange drops to 100℃.
10.4. Operation Monitoring and Adjustment of Feed pump System
10.4.1 Operation Monitoring and Adjustment of Electric Pump
10.4.1.1 Check that the pump, feed water pipes and equipment have no leak;
10.4.1.2 Check that the following parameters are normal: pump current, bearing vibration,
bearing & motor coil temperature, feed water flow rate, inlet/outlet pressure, differential
pressure on the two sides of the strainers of the main pump and the booster pump and
motor air temperature;
10.4.1.3Check that the following parameters are normal: lube oil & service oil pressure,
temperature, bearing oil flow rate and the differential pressure on the two sides of the oil
strainer. Check that the oil tank level and oil quality are acceptable and the oil pipe has no
leak;
10.4.1.4 Check that the scoop tube position and the automatic control are normal;
10.4.2 Operation Monitoring and Adjustment of Steam Pump
10.4.2.1 Check that the following parameters are normal: booster pump current, motor
vibration, sound and bearing temperature;
10.4.2.2 Check the steam pump body as is done for the electric pump;
10.4.2.3 Check that the small steam turbine control system works properly;
10.4.2.4 Check that the following parameters of the Lubricating oil system for the small
steam turbine are normal: service oil pressure/temperature, bearing oil flow rate and the
differential pressure on the two sides of the oil strainer. Check that the oil tank level and oil
quality are normal and there is no leak in oil pipes;
10.4.2.5 When the steam-operated feed pump is in operation, monitor the exhaust steam
temperature to avoid cylinder overheating;
10.4.2.6 If the rotor is stationary, do not supply steam to the steam seal for a long time. This is
intended to prevent a steam seal deformation.
10.5. Feed pump System Accidents Treatment
10.5.1 Emergency Shutdown of Steam Pump
10.5.1.1 Enforce an emergency shutdown in case of a small steam turbine vacuum break
in the following cases:
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1) When the steam pump vibrates violently or there is audible noise of metallic abrasion
or impact within the small steam turbine or the pump;
2) When the rotating speed of the small steam turbine increases to 5,972r/min and the
emergency protector fails;
3) When the small steam turbine is subject to a water impact;
4) When the small steam turbine oil system catches fire, the fire fails to be quickly
smothered and the safe operation of the unit is endangered;
5) When oil supply to the steam pump bearing is exhausted or the return oil temperature
exceeds 75℃;
6) When the oil tank level of the small steam turbine drops to the lower limit and the
measures taken fail to maintain the oil level;
7) When the lube oil pressure drops to 0.08MPa but the protection mechanism fails;
8) When the booster pump motor gives off smoke and catches fire;
9)When the axial displacement reaches 0.9mm but the protection mechanism fails;
10)When vacuum drops below 47.7KPa(a) but the protection mechanism fails;
11)When the Babbitt metal temperature of the bearing reaches 90℃;
12)When the fluctuation of the small steam turbine rotating speed cause a failure to
control the water level of the steam drum;
10.5.1.2 Emergency Shutdown of Small steam turbine without Breaking Vacuum
1) When the speed control system of the small steam turbine experiences violent
vibration and operation fails to be maintained;
2) When the steam/water supply pipe bursts and fails to be isolated;
3) When the exhaust steam pressure continues to climb and fails to be restored;
4) When the steam pump has a serious vaporization;
5) When the oil system has a leak and operation is interrupted;
6) When the main body of the pump has a serious leak and large quantities of
steam/water spurt, which endangers the safe operation of pumps;
7) When the booster pump motor has an overcurrent and fails to be corrected;
8) When the pump protective action value is reached but the protection mechanism fails
to work;
10.5.1.3 When both steam pumps are commissioned, if one pump is shut down in the
emergency mode, the electric pump must automatically start in a parallel mode;
10.5.1.4 If an emergency shutdown of the small steam turbine is required, push the
“SHUT DOWN” button or operate the emergency breaker lever locally. Check that the
main steam valve and the steam control valve are shut and the rotating speed drops. If a
vacuum breaking is required, shut the steam vent butterfly valve and the steam trap
valves of the small steam turbine before cutting off steam supply to the seal gland;
10.5.1.5 Complete other operations required for a small steam turbine shutdown;
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10.5.2 Emergency Shutdown of Electric Pump
10.5.2.1 Emergency Shutdown of Electric Pump
1) Pump motor or coupler gives off smoke or catches fire;
2) Any bearing metal temperature or return oil temperature exceeds the limits, or oil
supply to the bearing fails, or the bearing gives off smoke;
3) The steam supply pipes or feed water pipes burst and fail to be isolated;
4) The electric pump has a serious vaporization
5) The pump motor has an overcurrent, which fails to drop to normal;
6) The main body of the electric pump has a serious leakage, which spurts large
quantities of steam/water and endangers pump operation safety;
7) When the pump protective action value is reached but the protection mechanism fails
to work;
8) The pump vibrates violently and there is clear and audible metallic abrasion or impact
sound;
9) The oil system electric pump has a serious leakage, the oil level drops to the lower
limit and corrective measures fail.
10.5.2.2 In the case of an emergency shutdown of the electric pump, operate in the
central control room or push the emergency button locally.
10.5.2.3 Check that the auxiliary oil pump has been automatically commissioned;
10.5.2.4 Throw the scoop tube to zero and promptly shut the electric valve at the pump
outlet and the midpoint tap valve.
10.5.2.5 Complete other operations required for the shutdown of the pump.
10.5.3 Vaporization of Feed Pump
10.5.3.1 Symptoms
1) The pump current oscillates and drops, the rotating speed of the steam pump
oscillates and the booster electric pump/steam or has a current oscillation;
2) The outlet pressure of the electric/steam pump oscillates and drops;
3) The feed water flow rate oscillates and drops;
4) The contact surfaces and the seal glands at both ends have steam leakages
5) The interior of the pump gives off noise or impact noise, pump vibration escalates or
the rotor floats at the end;
10.5.3.2 Causes
1) The deaerator pressure drops sharply;
2) The strainer at the pump inlet is clogged, causing an under-pressure at the inlet;
3) When the flow rate is low, the recirculating pump is not open;
4) The steam pump operates for too long a time at a low rotating speed;
5) The deaerator water level is too low.
10.5.3.3 Treatment:
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1) If the electric pump has vaporization, shut down the pump when the boiler is in the
ignition process. Locate and correct the cause and restart the pump. If the vaporization
of a loaded pump is caused by a low deaerator level, shift the load to the steam pump
and shut down the electric pump immediately;
2) If the steam pump has a vaporization, start up the electric pump and shut down the
steam pump immediately. Reduce the pump load according to the feed water flow.
3) Open the vent valve for the main body of the steam pump to discharge the steam. Do
not restart the pump until the turning gear operates flexibly and restores to normal.
Monitor the internal noise and vibration of the small steam turbine and the pumps.
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11.4.1Limits of Operational Parameters of Auxiliary Steam System
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the main steam turbine;
12.3.8.2 When the main sealing oil pump fails or the AC power supply fails, switch to the
DC sealing oil pump to intensify monitoring of hydrogen purity. When hydrogen purity
drops perceptibly, drain the pump and replenish it with hydrogen once every eight hours;
12.3.8.3 When the AC/DC sealing oil pump fails, the oil/hydrogen differential pressure is
maintained by the lube oil for the main steam turbine. Enforce an emergency shutdown
and drain the hydrogen. Reduce the internal pressure to 0.02-0.05MPa;
12.3.8.4 While the Lubricating oil system of the main steam turbine fails, the sealing oil
system can operate independently. Maintain a high vacuum degree for the sealing oil
vacuum tank. A high vacuum degree will maintain the sealing oil for short-term operation;
12.3.10 Limits of Operational Parameters of Sealing Oil System
Upper Lower
Item Unit Normal Value
Limit Limit
Sealing Oil Temperature ℃ 35-45 - -
Sealing Pad Return Oil
℃ ≤75
Temperature
Sealing Oil Return Oil
℃ ≤70 - -
Temperature
Vacuum Oil Tank Level m 0 (Oil tank center line) 65-75 35-45
Vacuum Oil Tank Vacuum MPa -0.09~-0.096 - -0.088
Oil pressure exceeds
Oil/Hydrogen Differential
MPa hydrogen pressure - -
Pressure
0.056±0.02
12.4. Sealing Oil System Shutdown
12.4.1 Shutdown Conditions
12.4.1.1 All hydrogen within the unit has been displaced with air with purity above 95%.
The internal pressure is above 50KPa;
12.4.1.2 The turning gear of the turbine has stopped (the sealing oil system must not be
shut down when the rotor is rolling, otherwise the sealing pads will be damaged);
12.4.2 Sealing oil System Shutdown
12.4.2.1 Release the standby main sealing oil pump and the DC sealing oil pump from the
interlock;
12.4.2.2 Shut down the sealing oil vacuum valve;
12.4.2.3 Decommission the sealing oil pump and the recirculating pump;
12.4.2.4 Shut the isolating valve for lube oil supply to the sealing oil;
12.4.2.5 Check and confirm that the oil/water detector doesn’t sound an alarm; otherwise,
open the bypass valve for the floater oil tank to reduce the oil level in the expansion
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header;
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13.3.1.8 Adjust the pressure reducer for carbon dioxide control and maintain the pressure
between 0.05MPa and 0.1MPa for the reducer. Make sure that the carbon dioxide inlet
pipe must not have dews within 3 meters of the generator. When the outlet pressure of the
carbon dioxide cylinder drops to 0.5MPa, use another cylinder;
13.3.1.9The indication of carbon dioxide purity must be 85%. Contact the chemical
engineer for a sampling check;
13.3.1.10 When the purity attains to 90%, close the cylinder outlet valve;
13.3.1.11 Close the inlet/outlet valve (11) for carbon dioxide control;
13.3.1.12 Close the carbon dioxide inlet valve (117) of the control station for generator gas
displacement;
13.3.1.13 Close the hydrogen outlet valve (120) of the control station for generator gas
displacement;
13.3.2 Displacement of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrogen
13.3.2.1 Open the carbon dioxide outlet valve (121) of the control station for generator gas
displacement;
13.3.2.2 Open the gas outlet valve (119) of the control station for generator gas
displacement;
13.3.2.3 Open the inlet/outlet valves (3 or 5; 4 or 6) of the hydrogen pressure reducer;
13.3.2.4 Open the inlet/outlet valve (1 or 2) for hydrogen control;
13.3.2.5 Adjust the outlet pressure of the hydrogen pressure reducer to control the inlet
hydrogen pressure and maintain the internal pressure between 0.02MPa and 0.03 MPa;
13.3.2.6 The hydrogen purity in the generator must attain to 95%; contact the chemical
engineer for a sampling check;
13.3.2.7 After the hydrogen purity is acceptable, keep the following valves open: hydrogen
outlet valve (120) for the control station, gas outlet valve (119) and carbon dioxide outlet
valve (121) of the control station. Boost the hydrogen pressure for the unit and the sample
gas will be delivered to the gas analyzer for hydrogen purity determination;
13.3.2.8 Switch the generator sealing oil system to normal mode;
13.3.2.9 Raise the hydrogen pressure in the generator step by step to 0.414MPa. Check
that automatic control mechanism for the sealing oil pressure works properly and maintain
the oil/hydrogen differential pressure around 0.056MPa;
13.3.3 Commission the hydrogen dryer to operation;
13.3.4 Open the inlet/outlet valve of the hydrograph on the inlet/outlet pipes of the
hydrogen drier, close the bypass valve and commission the hydrograph. Check that the
indicated dew-point temperature is equal to or below -21℃.
13.4. Operation and Maintenance of Hydrogen Cooling System
13.4.1 Check that the interior of the generator has proper hydrogen pressure, purity and
humidity;
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13.4.2 Check that the inlet/outlet hydrogen temperature and the automatic temperature
controller of the hydrogen cooler are normal;
13.4.3 Check that the hydrogen supply pressure and the hydrogen pressure reducer are
normal;
13.4.4 Check that there is no water/oil accumulation in the leak detectors at regular
intervals. If there is water/oil, analyze and correct the cause. If necessary, increase
draining frequency and report to the shift supervisor;
13.4.5 Check the blow-down valves on the inlet/outlet pipes of the hydrogen purity
analyzer and arrange for drainage at regular intervals to ensure proper operation of the
purity analyzer;
13.4.6 Drain and check the hydrogen drier at regular intervals. If any rise in drainage is
detected, check that the drier operates reliably and correct the fault;
13.4.7 Check the surroundings of the generator on a regular basis to ensure that the
hydrogen content in the potential accumulation areas is within a normal range;
13.4.8 Monitor any hydrogen leak. The normal leak of this unit must be below 13-19m3/d.
If the leakage increases, identify the cause and ask the responsible department for
coordination;
13.4.9 For gas discharging in normal unit operation, use the hydrogen vent valve (120) of
the control station. Do not use the vent valve on top of the sealing oil expansion header;
13.4.10 Limits of Operational Parameters of Hydrogen Cooling System
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content is below 5%;
13.5.6.8 After the displacement is finished, close all the aforesaid valves;
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