Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Air coolers
Heat removal by air
Uses when large quantity of heat removal is
required
More cost efficient
Air is not corrosive
Less load in cooling towers
Low maintenance and operating cost
Suited for cooling high temperature fluids (>80
deg C)
AIR COOLER HEAT EXCHANGER - ANIMATED ASSEMBLY.mp4
PARADEEP REFINERY PROJECT
A Sunrise Project for a Sunshine Future
HEAT EXCHANGER – SHELL & TUBE
Shell and tube heat exchangers
U-tube exchangers
Removable type tube bundles
Low cost exchangers
Cleaning is very difficult
Thermal expansion is possible, handles thermal stresses
Co-current flow
Fluids flow in same direction
Cross flow
Fluids flow in direction normal to each other
Split flow
Fluid enters at centre of shell splits and travels along with tubes and
takes turn and join before exiting from the centre
Divided flow
Fluid enters from one point and after splitting flow separately and
exits from two nozzles
Co-Current flow
o High Thermal stress at one end
o Lowest wall temperature is higher
o When want to avoid condensation
Tie Rod
Supports baffles, holds the baffle assembly and maintain selected
baffle spacing
Tubes
Seamless and welded tubes are available
Finned and twisted tubes uses for increasing heat transfer
Sizing of tubes considers cleaning, pressure drop
Tube sheet
Plate where tubes are inserted
Tubes shall be appropriately secured to the tube sheet
Holes in the tube sheet drilled in triangular and rectangular shapes
Triangular pitch provided compactness and more heat transfer
Rectangular pitch provided easiness in cleaning
Impingement plate
Plate provides at entry of low path to minimize impingement
• Thus, the floating tube sheet exchanger can be used when the temperature
great
difference between the two fluids is ___________.
• Which of the exchangers make allowances for the expansion of the tubes?
U-tube exchanger
single pass, fixed tube sheet exchanger
floating tube sheet exchanger
multi pass, fixed tube sheet exchanger
• In Floating tube sheet exchanger, tube bundle can be readily removed for
cleaning outside surfaces of the tubes. So this type of exchanger can be used
dirty
when both the fluids are _________ fouling
and ____________.
• If the temperature difference between the shell-side fluid and the tube-side
floating tube sheet exchanger or the
fluid is quite large, then either the ___________
U-tube
____________ tube exchanger should be used.
• The half-moon baffle is suitable for use with fouling fluids or for large
increase the
volumes of flow. The purpose of half-moon baffles is to ___________
flow turbulence.
Which of the three types would not be suitable for a heavy fluid with a high
orifice
flow volume? ___________
• In the first configuration (A), the tubes are set in a square pattern. This is
square ___________.
called _________ pitch
• In the second configuration (B), the tubes are set in a triangular pattern.
triangular
This is called ____________ pitch
__________.
• For a dirty, fouling fluid in which the temperature difference was quite
large, the best heat exchanger to use would be:
the fixed tube sheet exchanger
floating head exchanger
• If one of the fluids in the exchanger is a gas it will be sent through the shell-
side of the exchanger , as in a reboiler or a condenser.
shell
If the exchanger is used as a reboiler, the liquid is vaporized in the ________
side.
If vapor is cooled and liquified in the shell-side of the exchanger, the
Condenser (or reboiler)
exchanger is called a _______________________.
highest
• In general, the tube material should be the one with the __________
thermal conductivity (but limited by others factors such as cost, corrosion,
and temperature).
• So the ideal tube size for a give service will be the size that offers easy
maximum
cleaning and ____________ smallest pressure drop.
surface area for ___________