FORMULARIO OFICIAL PARA CERTAMENES DE FIS 140

Constantes Óptica Geométrica

n = c/v ; n1λ1 = n2 λ 2
c = 3 ⋅ 108 [m / s] ; e ≈ 1,6 ⋅ 10 − 19 [C]
n1 sen θ1 = n2 sen θ 2 θr = θ1
;
9 2 2
k c = 1 4 πε 0 = 9, ⋅ 10 [Nm / C ] 1 1 1
+ =
s s' ƒ
e2 4πε0 = 1,44[eV ⋅ nm] ; µ0 = 4π ⋅ 10 − 7 [N / A 2 ] f = R / 2 : espejos
− 34 − 15
h = 6,6 ⋅10 [J ⋅ s] = 4,1⋅10 [eV ⋅ s] 1  1 1
= ( n − 1) 
 R1 R2 
− : lentes
h ⋅ c = 1240 [eV ⋅ nm] ;
= h / 2π f

NA = 6,0 ⋅10 23 [m ol− 1 ]

k B = 1,38 ⋅10 − 23 [J / K] = 1/ 12000[eV / K] − Adelante +

− 19
1[eV] = 1,6 ⋅10 [J]
1[u] = 1,66 ⋅10 − 27
[kg] = 931,5 MeV / c 2 
L E
− 15
1[ f m] = 10 [m]
1[Curie] = 1[Ci] = 3, 7 ⋅ 1010 [desintegraciones / s]

Física clásica
+ Atrás −
 
dp   v2
Fneta = ; p = mv ; ac = Óptica Ondulatoria
dt R
Dos fuentes en fase:
1 p2  mgh  φ  ; φ = k d sen θ
K = m v2 = ; E = K+U  1 I = I0 cos2
2 2m
U =  kx 2  2
    2
(
F = q E + v×B )
q i ∆ V  m λ : m áxim os

Ecuaciones de Maxwell
dsen θ = 
( )
1
 m + 2 λ : m ínim os


 
∫ E ⋅dA = Q / ε 0 ; ∫ ⋅ dA = 0
 B sen α + sen β = 2⋅ sen [(α +β)/2]⋅ cos [(α −β)/2]
Interferencia N rendijas:
  d   d
∫ E ⋅ ds = − dt φB ; ∫ B ⋅ ds = µ0I + µ0ε0 dt φE
2
 sen N φ / 2  ; φ = k d sen θ
I = I0  
 sen φ / 2 
    2
φE = ∫ E ⋅d A ; φB = ∫ B ⋅d A  sen β / 2 
Difracción una rendija : I = I0
 β/2 
w E = ε ⋅ E2 / 2 w B = B2 / 2µ0 β = k a sen θ ; a sen θ = m λ : m ínim os.

Onda electromagnética Red de difracción: dsen θ = m λ : m áxim os.



∂ 2E y 2
1 ∂ Ey E k Polarización: I = I0 cos2 α
= 2 ⋅    
∂ x2 v ∂ t2 B S = ExB / µ0
Resolución: D sen θ = 1,22λ
2 2
∂ Bz 1 ∂ Bz 1
2
= 2 ⋅ ; v=
∂x v ∂t2 εµ

E y (x, t) = E0 cos(kx − ω t)
Bz (x,t) = B0 cos(kx − ω t)
B0 = E0 / v ; n = c/v
n n
ω = kv ↔ v = λ f , ω = 2π f , k = 2π / λ
1 2 0 dx 0 dx
wE = wB = εE , w EB = w E + w B
2
1
S = I = v w EB = v ε E02 ; S = Potencia / Area
2
Energia : ∆E = S ⋅ A ⋅ ∆t ;
Momentum : ∆ p = ∆ E c
Relatividad especial Configuración electrónica
x ' = γ ( x − vt ) ; y ' = y ; z' = z 1s 2
2 s 2 2 p 6

1
t ' = γ ( t − v x / c2 ) ; γ = 3 s 2
3 p 6
3 d1 0

1 − (v / c)2 4 s 2
4 p 6
4 d1 0
4 f 1 4

2
uy 5 s  
ux − v
u'x = ; u'y = 
γ (1 − ux ⋅ v / c 2 )
2
1 − ux ⋅ v / c
Moléculas
uz L
u'z = ; L = 0 ; τ = γτ0
2
γ (1 − ux ⋅ v / c 2 ) γ Erot. = J ( J + 1) ; ∆ J = ± 1 ,
2I
Evib. =  ν +  hƒ ; ∆ν = ± 1
Dinámica de una partícula: 1
dp  2
F= ; p = γ mu ; E0 = m c 2
dt
2 Nuclear
E = γ m c 2 = E0 + K ; E 2 = E02 + ( pc ) A
Z
XN , A = Z + N ; Radio = 1,2 ⋅ A1/ 3 [ f m]
Cuántica
Decaimiento
h 1 p2
λB = ; E = hƒ ; K = m v 2 = N(t) = N0 ⋅ e−λ t ; N(t) = N0 ⋅ 2− t / T
p 2 2m
4 −8 2 4
I = σ eT , σ = 5,67 ⋅ 10 [W / m K ] λ T = ln ( 2 ) ; R=
dN
= λN
λmT = 3 ⋅ 10 −3
[m ⋅ K ] : Cuerpo Negro dt
hƒ = K máx. + φ0 : E. Fotoeléctrico α : 42 He , β± : e± + ν±
λ '− λ = λ C (1 − cos θ ) : E. Compton
h
Energía de ligazón (Eb )
λC = = 2, 4 ⋅ 1 0 − 12 [m] : e lectro n
mc M ( AZ X ) = ( Z ⋅ mp + N⋅m ) −En b / c2
2dsen θ = m λ : Difracción de rayos X
∆ x ⋅ ∆ p x ≥ h 4 π : P. Incertidumbre Energía en reposo: mc 2 [MeV ]
• Electrón : 0,511 ( m = 9,11⋅ 10 −31 [ kg ] )

2 2  
−
 2m ∇ + U Ψ ( r,t ) = i
∂Ψ
∂t
.
• Neutrón : 939,57
Ψ ( x,t ) = ψ ( x ) ⋅ e −iEt /

• Tritión 3
H : 2808,94
1
2 2

dψ • Protón 11H : 938,28 ( m = 1,67 ⋅ 10−27 [ kg ] )
1–dimensión: − + Uψ = Eψ
2m dx 2
2
ψ ''+ k 2ψ = 0 ⇒ ψ = e ± ikx • Deuterón H : 1875,63
1

ψ ''− α 2 ψ = 0 ⇒ ψ = e ±α x • 4
2 He : 3727,40

∫
2
Valor medio: f = f(x) ψ(x) dx
Símbolos para potencias de 10
10 − 9 : n
Pozo infinito
U(x) = 0, 0 < x < L ; ψ (x) = A senk x 10 − 6 : µ
π2
2 103 : k
kn = n π / L ; En = 2
⋅ n2 106 : M
2m L
109 : G
Átomos hidrogenoides
2
dP = ψ(r, θ, ϕ) r 2sen θ drd θ d ϕ Ayudas
∞
Γ[(m + 1)/ 2]
∫
2
Z
En = − 13,6[eV] ⋅ 2
2
e−b x xm dx = ,
n −∞
b(m+1) / 2
L =  (  + 1)
, ∆  = ± 1 1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (2 n − 1)
Γ ( n + 1 / 2) = π ,
L z = m
, ∆ m = 0, ± 1 2
n

 
Energía magnética: EB = −µ ⋅ B Γ ( n ) = ( n − 1)!
 e 
µ=− L
2m