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PROJECT DEFINITION DOCUMENT

Prototype Development Of
Temperature And Humidity Monitoring
System For Danger Building
By
2nd LT MESHARI AL OUFI (7706) and SRSAF/C SULTAN ALZAHRANI
(7709)
85(B) EC

ADVISOR
SQUADRON LEADER MUHAMMAD AKMAL SHABBIR
CO-ADVISOR
SQUADRON LEADER MOHSIN KHALIL

COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

PAF Academy, Asghar Khan, Risalpur
(July 2018)

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction To Project 1
1.1 Project Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Proposal Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Scope of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Literature Background 3
2.1 SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) . . . . . . . 4
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) . . . . . . 5
Thermocouple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Semiconductor-based sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 HUMIDITY SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Capacitive Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Resistive Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 GSM WITH ARDUINO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Project Proposed Methodology 10

3.1 Literature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Expected Deliverables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3 Addditional Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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3.4 Required Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.5 Estimated Effort 7th Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.6 Estimated Effort 8th Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.7 Milestones & Time Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

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List of Figures

2.1 Negative Temperature Coefficient sensor . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.2 Resistance Temperature Detector sensor . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Thermocouple sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Semiconductor-based temprature sensors . . . . . . . . . . 7

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List of Tables

3.1 Milestones and Time Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

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Chapter 1

Introduction To Project

1.1 Project Title

Prototype Development Of Temperature And Humidity Monitoring System

For Danger Building

1.2 Proposal Statement

Danger buildings contains large amount of explosives and its ordinance.so

it is of a prime importance to monitor its real time temperature and hu-
midity, as these components are very sensitive to the mentioned param-
eters.This will enable us to keep our valuable equipment safe and opera-
tional.

1.3 Scope of the Project

In this project first of all temperature and humidity of a room (danger build-
ing)is measured and will transmit it to a server using a GSM, in order to
monitor these parameters in real time. This data should be displayed on a
screen in a monitoring room. In next phase of this project first phase could

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integrate IoT to temperature controlling devices for controlling its tempera-

ture through GSM from another place.

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Chapter 2

Literature Background

2.1 SENSOR

A sensor is a device that measures a particular characteristic of an object

or system. Some sensors are purely mechanical e.g piezoelectric sensor,
strain gauge, but most sensors are electronic, returning a voltage signal
that can be converted into a useful engineering unit.Sensors take advan-
tage of the mechanical or electrical response of its components to relate
the response to a relevant quantity. Engineers use sensors in test and
monitoring applications, but homeowners interact with sensors every day.
Automobiles are filled with sensors, from the engine to the airbag.
Electrical sensors examine the change in electrical or magnetic signals
based on an environmental input.Examples of electrical sensors are metal
detectors, Radar systems and even simple electrical meters such as volt-
meters and ohm meters. Magneto meters are widely used in traffic inter-
sections to detect the presence of a vehicle.
Examples of sensors are temperature, optic or chemical sensors etc . [1]

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2.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

A temperature sensor plays an important role in many applications. For ex-

ample, maintaining a specific temperature is essential for equipment used
to fabricate medical drugs, heat liquids(acids), or clean other equipment.
For applications like these, the responsiveness and accuracy of the detec-
tion circuit can be critical for quality control.
Temperature detection is the foundation for all advanced forms of tem-
perature control and compensation. The temperature detection circuit it-
self monitors ambient temperature. It can then notify the system either of
the actual temperature or, if the detection circuit is more intelligent, when
a temperature control event occurs. When a specific high temperature
threshold is exceeded preventative action can be taken by the system to
lower the temperature. An example of this is turning on a fan or room
cooler.
Similarly, a temperature detection circuit can serve as the core of a tem-
perature compensation function. Consider a system such as liquid mea-
suring equipment. Temperature, in this case, directly effects the volume
measured. By taking temperature into account, the system can compen-
sate for changing environment factors, enabling it to operate reliably and
consistently. There are four commonly used temperature sensor types: [4]

Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC)

A thermistor is a thermally sensitive resistor,whose resistance increases

with increase in temperature, that exhibits a large, predictable, and pre-
cise change in resistance correlated to variations in temperature. An NTC
thermistor provides a very high resistance at low temperatures. As temper-

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ature increases, the resistance drops quickly. Because an NTC thermis-

tor experiences such a large change in resistance per ◦ C, small changes
in temperature are reflected very fast and with high accuracy (0.05◦ C to
1.5◦ C). Because of its exponential nature, the output of an NTC thermistor
requires linearization. The effective operating range is -50◦ C to 250◦ C for
gas encapsulated thermistors or 150◦ C for standard.

Figure 2.1: Negative Temperature Coefficient sensor

Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

An RTD, also known as a resistance thermometer,whose resistance in-

creases with increase in temperature, measures temperature by correlat-
ing the resistance of the RTD element with temperature. An RTD consists
of a film or, for greater accuracy, a wire wrapped around a ceramic or
glass core. The most accurate RTDs are made using platinum but lower
cost RTDs can be made from nickel or copper. However, nickle and cop-
per are not as stable . Platinum RTDs offer a fairly linear output that is
highly accurate (0.1◦ C to 1◦ C) across -200◦ C to 600◦ C. While providing

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the greatest accuracy, RTDs also tend to be the most expensive of tem-
perature sensors. [5]

Figure 2.2: Resistance Temperature Detector sensor

Thermocouple

This temperature sensor type consists of two wires of different metals con-
nected at two points. The varying voltage between these two points re-
flects proportional changes in temperature. Thermocouples are non-linear,
requiring conversion when used for temperature control and compensa-
tion, typically accomplished using a lookup table. Accuracy is low, from
0.5◦ C to 5◦ C. However, they operate across the widest temperature range,
from -200◦ C to 1750◦ C. [4]

Figure 2.3: Thermocouple sensors

Semiconductor-based sensors

A semiconductor-based temperature sensor is placed on integrated cir-

cuits (ICs). These sensors are effectively two identical diodes with tem-

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perature sensitive voltage vs current characteristics that can be used to

monitor changes in temperature. They offer a linear response but have the
lowest accuracy of the basic sensor types at 1◦ C to 5◦ C. They also have
the slozsat responsiveness (5◦ C to 60sec) across the narrowest tempera-
ture range (-70◦ C to 150◦ C).

Figure 2.4: Semiconductor-based temprature sensors

2.3 HUMIDITY SENSOR

A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures and reports the rel-
ative humidity in the air. It therefore measures moisture. Relative humidity
is the ratio of actual moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture
that can be held at that air temperature. The warmer the air temperature
is, the more moisture it can hold. Humidity / dew sensors use capacitive
measurement, which relies on electrical capacitance. Electrical capacity
is the ability of two nearby electrical conductors to create an electrical field
between them. The sensor is composed of two metal plates and contains

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a non-conductive polymer film between them. This film collects moisture

from the air, which causes the voltage between the two plates to change.
These voltage changes are converted into digital readings showing the
level of moisture in the air. [3]

Capacitive Sensors

These sensors measure moisture levels using a humidity-dependent con-

denser; they are suitable for wide RH ranges and condensation tolerance.
These sensors are commonly used in industrial and commercial environ-
ments.

Resistive Sensors

These sensors can measure the electrical change in devices such as con-
ductive polymers and treated substrates. They are suitable for use in resi-
dential and commercial environments.

2.4 GSM WITH ARDUINO

GSM is an international standard for mobile telephones. It is an acronym

that stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. It is also some-
times referred to as 2G, as it is a second-generation cellular network.
To use GPRS for internet access, and for the Arduino to request or
serve webpages, we need to obtain the Access Point Name (APN) and a
username/password from the network operator.
Among other things, GSM supports outgoing and incoming voice calls,
Simple Message System (SMS or text messaging), and data communica-
tion (via GPRS).

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The Arduino GSM shield is a GSM modem. To access a network, we

must have a subscription with a mobile phone operator (either prepaid or
contract), a GSM compliant device like the GSM shield or mobile phone,
and a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. The network operator pro-
vides the SIM card, which contains information like the mobile number,
and can store limited amounts of contacts and SMS messages.
To use GPRS for internet access, and for the Arduino to request or
serve webpages, we need to obtain the Access Point Name (APN) and a
username/password from the network operator. [2]

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Chapter 3

Project Proposed Methodology

3.1 Literature Study

Core aim of this project is to develop a system that can transmit real time
temperature and humidity. For this project sensors and its functions, pro-
gramming skills and how to integrate GSM with arduino should be under-
stood. For this project first of all optimised sensors are selected ,that is, of
temperature and humidity sensor, and then integrate it with arduino, then
use another arduino to integrate it with GSM module,and then to integrate
both arduino to send real time data to a screen.

3.2 Expected Deliverables

The expected deliverables are

a. Comparision of different sensors of temperatue and humidity
b. Select optimised sensors
c. Reasing data through these sensors
d. Diplaying this data on a screen

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3.3 Addditional Tasks

Transmit real time data through GSM

3.4 Required Resources

The Required resources for the project are

a. Sensors
b. Arduinos
c. Softwares
d. Research papers
e. Screen

3.5 Estimated Effort 7th Semester

1. The estimated time that will be spent on this project is as follows:

a. Daily Working Hours: 01 hr
b. Days: 5 days a week
c. Weeks: 16

3.6 Estimated Effort 8th Semester

2. The estimated time that will be spent on this project is as follows:

a. Daily working hours: 6 hrs
b. Days: 5 days a week
c. Weeks: 18

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3.7 Milestones & Time Division

The time is divided with respect to the milestones as shown in the table:3.1.

Table 3.1: Milestones and Time Division

Tasks Duration [week(s)]

Tasks For 7th Semester 16
Collecting all relevant data for the project 04
Understanding the project and literature review 03
Selecting sensors 02
Understanding arduinos 04
End Semister Presentation 03
Tasks For 8th Semester 18
Revision of basic programming concepts 03
Designing the circuits 03
Making error free algorithm 03
Mid semester presentation 01
Intgration of ccts to error checking alg 02
Testing and optimization 02
Documentation and project report writing 01
Preparation of final project presentation 02
Project Final presentation 01

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Bibliography

[1 ] https://www.engineersgarage.com

[2 ] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoGSMShieldtoc1

[3 ] http://www.switches.co.za/different-types-humidity-sensors/

[4 ] https://www.ametherm.com/blog/thermistors/temperature-sensor-types

[5 ] https://en.wikipedia.org

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Advisor

Date: (AKMAL)
Date: Squadron Leader

Co-advisor

Date: (MOHSIN KHALIL)

Date: Squadron Leader

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STUDENT’s BIO DATA

Name:
MESHARI AL OUFI
Father’s Name:
Abd ur Rehman
CNIC:
1086870266
Current Address:
Room 18, Block 1, UTOs’ Mess, PAF Academy, Asghar Khan,
Risalpur
Permanent Address:
Taif city KSA
Academic Record:
SSC: 95 percent
HSSC: 96 percent
CGPA: 2.06/4.00
School:
Shafi school,Taif
College:
High school,Taif

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STUDENT’s BIO DATA

Name:
SULTAN AL ZAHRANI
Father’s Name:
Abdul Aziz
CNIC:
V493537
Current Address:
Room 20, Block 1, UTOs’ Mess, PAF Academy, Asghar Khan,
Risalpur
Permanent Address:
Al Baha city, KSA
Academic Record:
SSC: 96 percent
HSSC: 97 percent
CGPA: 1.93/4.00
School:
Al Nasba,school
College:
Al Nasba,college

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