MINDANAO POLYTHECNIC COLLEGE

Mechanical Engineering Department

Assignment No. 2
Topic: Introduction to Process Control

Subject: ME 27 -Instrument & Control Engineering    

Instructor: Engr. William R. Salazar, PME

STUDENT NAME: Richmond N. Alcala BSME4

Date: 08/28/21

TEST I-Answer the following questions.

1. What instrument is used to measure each of the following parameters:

TACHOMETER a. Speed of diesel engine.             
BOMB CALOMETER b. Heating value of solid and liquid fuels.
STEAM CALORIMETER c. Used to measure quality of steam.
DIAL INDICATOR d. Used to measure the accuracy in alignments and eccentricities.
FEELER GAUGE e. Used to measure face clearance or gap.
HYDROMETER f. used to measure specific gravity of substances.
PROFILOMETER g. Used to measure surface roughness.
ORSAT APPARATUS h. Used to measure analysis of flue gas.
HUMETER i. Used to measure humidity of air.
FLOWMETER j. An instrument used to measure with a float flow rate of liquid.

TEST II-Write the correct answer.

1. PYROMETER Measures very high temperature such as that of a furnace without letting
instrument touch the body whose temperature is being measured.
2. MANOMETER A bourdon pressure gauge which can measure both positive pressure and
vacuum.
3. INSTRUMENTATION Is the collection of instruments application for purposes of
observation, measurement and control.
4. INSTRUMENT Is a tool or mechanism for scientific and professional service.
5. What are the the five function of Instrument.
a. MONITORING    b. DISPLAY   c. RECORDING
          d. CONTROL OF PROCESS VARIABLES            e. MEASUREMENTS
6. What are the hierarchy of instrument knowledge.(From the highest to lowest)
           a. THE SENSOR b. ANALOGUE SIGNAL PROCESSING CIRCUITS
c. AN ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTER d. DIGITAL PROCESSOR
7.) Name two basic types of controls:
a) PREVENTIVE CONTROL        b)  DETECTIVE CONTROL
8.) PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER Is defined by NEMA as a digital
electronic device with a programmable memory for storing instruction to implement
specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, etc.
 9.) PRIMARY SENSING ELEMENT Is a device that directly senses the process variable
and translates that      sensed quantity into an analog representation.
10.) TRANSMITTER Is a device that translates the signal produced by a primary
sensing element into a standardized instrumentation signal.
11.) PROCESS VARIABLE The value that is desired to be maintained at, in the
process. 
12.) SHARED DISPLAY Converts the signal from the transducer into a form which
can be displayed.

III. Essay- Explain the following:

1. Describe/explain the construction of the following temperature sensors and explain the
operating principles of each.

a. Liquid expansion and vapour pressure sensors

Liquid expansion utilizes the volumetric expansion of a liquid caused by the temperature
changes to operate the pressure spring and indicate the temperature.  A temperature increase at
the bulb results in an expansion of the liquid which causes expansion of the bourdon tube or
pressure spring and thus indicates the temperature. Vapour pressure sensors It operates from the
vapour pressure of a liquid that partially fills the bulb. The vapour pressure is measured by a
pressure spring and the instrument is calibrated in terms of temperature.
b. Thermocouple
  Thermocouple is a device for measuring temperature. It comprises two dissimilar metallic
wires joined together to form a junction. When the junction is heated or cooled, a small voltage
is generated in the electrical circuit of the thermocouple which can be measured, and this
corresponds to temperature.In theory, any two metals can be used to make a thermocouple but in
practise, there are a fixed number of types that are commonly used. They have been developed to
give improved linearity and accuracy and comprise specially developed
alloys.Thermocouples can be made to suit almost any application. They can be made to be
robust, fast responding and to measure a very wide temperature range.

c. Bimetallic thermometer.

A bimetallic thermometer is a temperature measurement device. It converts the media’s

temperature into mechanical displacement using a bimetallic strip. The bimetallic strip consists
of two different metals having different coefficients of thermal expansion. Bimetallic
thermometers are used in residential devices like air conditioners, ovens, and industrial devices
like heaters, hot wires, refineries, etc. They are a simple, durable, and cost-efficient way of
temperature measurement.

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