Introduction and theory

 What is the temperature measurement and calibration?

The Temperature Measurement and Calibration System (TD400) is small enough to fit on a desk
or bench top. It explains the properties of eight various temperature monitoring equipment as
well as how to calibrate them against a standard. The built-in precision reference sensor works as
an accurate temperature reference. A display shows the temperature from the reference sensor
and the local (barometric) pressure from the built-in pressure sensor. The display also calculates
the local boiling point of water based on the barometric pressure.
 Types of a temperature measuring device
Liquid filled glass thermometers: the principle of thermal expansion of substances is used in
liquid-in-glass thermometers. When a liquid in a glass tube (called a capillary) is heated, it
expands and shrinks. After that, a calibrated scale can be used to determine the temperature that
caused the thermal expansion. Capillary thermometers are another name for these types of
thermometers.

Figure 1: Liquid Filled Glass Thermometers

Gas (Vapor Pressure) and Bi-Metal Thermometers: when a vapor is in equilibrium with the
liquid or solid form, or both, of the same substance, it exerts vapor pressure. When the conditions
allow the chemical to exist in two or all three stages. The tendency of a substance to convert into
a gaseous or vapor state is measured by vapor pressure, which rises with temperature. The
boiling point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure at its surface
equals the pressure exerted by its surroundings. Bimetal thermometers convert temperature into
mechanical displacement by using two strips of different metals. The different metals, which are
frequently steel and copper or steel and brass, are linked together throughout their length and
expand at different rates when heated. If the strip is heated, it will bend one way, and if it is
cooled, it will bend the other. This movement corresponds to the real temperature and moves a
scale indication along it. The metal strips are generally coiled for compactness and can be
extended for sensitivity. Bimetal thermometers are low-cost, easy-to-use, and long-lasting. They
only show the current temperature on their dial because they are essentially mechanical devices.
They can be accurate to within a tenth of a percent of the complete span. They're commonly
found in locations like food and beverage preparation, process temperature measurement,
wastewater treatment, boiler systems, and other places.

Thermocouples: A thermocouple is a type of temperature sensor. Two wire legs made of

different metals make up thermocouples. At one end, the wire legs are soldered together to form
a junction. It is at this point when the temperature is recorded. A voltage is formed when the
temperature of the junction changes. The temperature can then be calculated by interpreting the
voltage using thermocouple reference tables.
Resistance thermometers (RTDs or PRTs): A Resistance Thermometer, also known as a
Resistance Temperature Detector, is a device that measures the resistance of pure electrical wire
to determine temperature. A temperature sensor is the name given to this wire. In industries,
RTD is the only solution for measuring temperature with great accuracy. It has good linear
properties throughout a wide temperature range.
 Reference

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