Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

QUESTION BANK (HOT Problems)

Problems)

ALGEBRA

(1) If the sum of first 'p' terms of an A.P. is equal to the sum of first 'q' terms then
show that the sum of its first ‘p + q’ terms is zero where p ≠ q.
Solution :
To prove : Sp + q = 0
For the A.P.
Sp= Sq ... Given … (i)
We know,
n
Sn= [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
For Sp, put n = p,
p
∴ Sp= [2a + (p – 1)d] … (ii)
2
For sq, put n = q
q
∴ Sq= [2a + (q – 1)d] … (iii)
2
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
p q
∴ [2a + (p – 1)d] = [2a + (q – 1)d]
2 2
∴ p(2a + dp – d) = q (2a + dq – d)
∴ 2ap + dp2 – dp = 2aq + dq2 – dq
∴ 2ap – 2aq + dp2 – dq2 – dp + dq = 0
∴ (p – q) 2a + (p2 – q2) d – (p – q) d = 0
∴ (p – q) [2a + (p + q)d – d] = 0
∴ (p – q) [2a + (p + q – 1)d] = 0
∴ p–q = 0
Or 2a + (p + q – 1)d = 0
Consider p – q = 0
∴ p=q
Question Bank -4- studiesmadesimple TM

∴ For the given A.P., p and q are different places.

∴ p≠q
∴ p – q cannot be equal to 0.
∴ 2a + (p + q – 1)d = 0 … (iv) (3)
Now, for Sp + q, put n = p + q,
p+q
∴ Sp + q = [2a + (p + q – 1)d]
2
p+q
= ×0 … from (iv)
2
∴ Sp + q = 0
∴ Sum of first ‘p + q’ terms is zero.

(2) How many two digit numbers leave the remainder 1 when divided by 5 ?
Solution :
The first 2 digit no. which is divisible by 5 is 10 and the last 2 digit no. divisible by
5 is 95.
∴ The two digit no. that leave the remainder 1 when divided by 5, are as follows :
11, 16, 21, … 96 which is an A.P. where
a = 11, d = 11 – 6 = 5 and tn = 96
We know,
tn = a + (n – 1)d
∴ 96 = 11 + (n – 1)5
∴ 96 = 11 + 5n – 5
∴ 96 = 5n + 6
∴ 96 – 6 = 5n
∴ 5n = 90
90
∴ n =
5
∴ n = 18
∴ No. of two digit numbers that leave the remainder 1 when divided by 5 is 18.

(3) How many terms of the A. P. 16, 14, 12, … are needed to give the sum 60 ?
Explain why we get two answers.
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

Solution :
The given numbers in A.P. are 16, 14, 12, …
Here a = 16, d = 14 – 16 = –2, Sn = 60
We know,
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
n
∴ 60 = [2 × 16 + (n – 1)(–2)]
2
∴ 120 = n(32 – 2n + 2)
∴ 120 = n(34 – 2n)
∴ 120 = 34n – 2n2
∴ 2n2 – 34n + 120 = 0
Dividing by 2 on both sides
∴ n2 – 17n + 60 = 0
∴ (n – 12)(n – 5) = 0
∴ n – 12 = 0 or n–5=0
∴ n = 12 or n=5
For n = 5, S5 = 60 i.e. Sum of 16, 14, 12, 10, 8 is 60.
For n = 12, S12 = 60 i.e. Sum of 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4, -6 is 60.
We get two answers because the given sequence is in descending order (i.e. d is
negative).

(4) If the 9th term of an A. P. is zero then prove that the 29th term is double the 19th
term.
Solution :
To prove : t29 = 2 × t19
For the A.P., we know,
tn = a + (n – 1)d … (i)
∴ For t9, put n = 9,
∴ t9 = a + (9 – 1)d
∴ t9 = a + 8d
∴ a + 8d = 0
∴ a = –8d … (ii)
Question Bank -6- studiesmadesimple TM

For t19, put n = 19,

∴ t19= a + (19 – 1)d
∴ t19= a + 18d
∴ t19= –8d + 18d … [From (ii)]
∴ t19 = 10d … (iii)
For t29, Put n = 29
∴ t29 = a + (29 – 1)d
= a + 28d
= –8d + 28d … (ii)
∴ t29 = 20d … (iv)
From (iii) and (iv),
t29 = 2 × t19
∴ 29th term of an A.P. is double of 19th term.

(5) If m times the mth term of an A. P. is equal to n times its nth term then show
that the (m +n)th term of the A. P. is zero.
Solution :
To prove : tm + n = 0
m × tm = n × tn … (i) (Given)
We know,
tn = a + (n – 1)d … (ii)
for tm, Put n = m;
∴ tm = a + (m – 1)d … (iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
m [a + (m – 1)d] = n[a + (n – 1)d]
∴ m(a + dm – d) = n(a + dn – d)
∴ am + dm2 – dm = an + dn2 – dn
∴ am – an + dm2 – dn2 – dm + dn = 0
∴ (m – n)a + (m2 – n2)d – (m – n)d = 0
∴ (m–n)a+(m + n)(m – n)d – (m – n)d = 0
∴ (m – n)[a + (m + n)d – d] = 0
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

∴ (m – n)[a + (m + n – 1)d] = 0
∴ m – n = 0 Or a + (m + n – 1)d = 0
Consider m – n = 0
∴ m=n
∵ tm and tn are different terms of A.P., m cannot be equal to n.

∴ m–n≠0
∴ a + (m + n – 1)d = 0 … (iv)
Now,
For tm + n, Put n = m + n
∴ tm + n = a + (m + n – 1)d
∴ tm + n = 0 … from (iv)

(6) If the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + cx + c = 0 are in the ratio p : q, show
that
p q c
+ + =0
q p a
where a, c are real numbers such that a > 0 and c ≠ 0.
Solution :
The given equation is ax2 + cx + c = 0,
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = a, b = c, c = c
Let α, β be the roots of given equation
−c
∴ α+β= … (i)
a
c
and αβ = … (ii)
a
α p
Also, = (Given) … (iii)
β q

p q c
∴ LHS = + +
q p a

α β c
= + + … from (iii)
β α a
Question Bank -8- studiesmadesimple TM

α β c
= + +
β α a

α+β c
= +
αβ a

−c
c
= a + … from (i) & (ii)
c a
a
−c c
+
= a a
c
a
0
=
c
a
=0
= RHS
p q c
∴ + + =0
q p a

(7) If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the
sum of the squares of their reciprocals then prove that 2a2c = c2b + b2a.
Solution :
For ax2 + bx + c = 0,
1 1
α + β= + ... (Given)
2
α β2

α2 + β2
∴ α + β=
α2β2

(α + β)2 – 2αβ
∴ (α + β )= ... (i)
(αβ)2

[∵ α2 + β2 = (α + β )2 – 2αβ]
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

–b c
We know, α + β = and α β =
a a
2
 –b  c 
–b  a  – 2 a 
∴ =    
a 2
c 
a 
 

b2 2c
−
2 a
–b a
∴ =
a c2
a2

b2 – 2ac
∴
–b
= a2
a c2
a2

–b b 2 – 2ac
∴ =
a c2
∴ –bc2 = a(b2 – 2ac)
∴ –bc2 = ab2 – 2a2c
∴ 2a2c = c2b + b2a

(8) Form the quadratic equations whose roots are the squares of the sum of roots
and square of the difference of roots of the equation
2x2 + 2(m + n)x + m2 + n2 = 0.
Solution :
The given quadratic equation is
2x2 + 2(m + n)x + (m2 + n2) = 0
Let α and β be the roots of this eqn.
–b c
We know, α + β = and αβ =
a a
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
We get,
a = 2, b = 2(m + n), c = (m2 + n2)
Question Bank - 10 - studiesmadesimple TM

–2(m + n)
∴ α+β=
2
∴ α + β = –(m + n) … (i)

m2 + n2
and αβ = … (ii)
2
Let the roots of the required quadratic equation be αr and β r.

As per given condition,

αr = (α + β)2 … (iii)
βr = (α – β)2
… (iv)
Now,
(α – β)2= (α + β)2 – 4 αβ

(m2 + n2 )
= [–(m + n)]2 – 4 ×
2
= m2 + 2mn + n2 – 2(m2 + n2)
= m2 + 2mn + n2 – 2m2 – 2n2
(α – β)2= –m2 + 2mn – n2
We know,
The required equation is of the form
x2 – (αr + β r)x + αr β r = 0
∴ x2 – [(α + β)2 + (α – β)2] x + (α + β)2 (α – β)2 = 0
∴ x2 – {[–(m + n) ]2 + (–m2 + 2mn – n2)}x + {[–(m + n)]2 × (–m2 + 2mn – n2)} = 0
∴ x2 – (m2 + 2mn + n2 – m2 + 2mn – n2)x + {[–(m + n)]2 × – (m – n)2]} = 0
∴ x2 – 4mnx – (m2 – n2)2 = 0 is the required quadratic equation.

(9) Find the condition that the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
may have common root. Find the common root, when it exists.
Solution :
Let α and β be the roots of
ax2 + bx + c = 0
–b c
α+β= and αβ =
a a
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

∵ One root of both the equations is equal, let α = α1

–b c
∴ α+β= … (i) and αβ = … (ii)
a a
Let α1 and β1 be the roots of a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
−b1 c
α1 + β1 = and α1β1 = 1
a1 a1
−b1
∴ α + β1 = … (iii)
a1
c
∴ αβ 1 = 1 … (iv)
a1

Subtracting equation (iii) from (i)

–b b
(α + β) − (α + β1) = + 1
a a1

−b b1
∴ β − β1 = + … (v)
a a1

Dividing equation (ii) by (iv)

c
αβ a
∴ =
αβ1 c1
a1

β ca1
∴ =
β1 c1a

β c1a
∴ β1 = … (vi)
ca1

Substitute equation (vi) in (v)

β βc1a −b b1
∴ − = +
1 ca1 a a1

 ca −ba1 + b1a

∴ β 1− 1  =
 ca1 aa1

 ca − c a   b a − ba1 
∴ β 1 1  =  1 
 ca1   aa1 
Question Bank - 12 - studiesmadesimple TM

 ca1   b1a − ba1 

∴ β=   
 ca1 − c1a   aa1 

c  ab1 − a1b 
∴ β=   … (vii)
a  a1c − ac1 
Substituting equation (vii) in (i)
c  ab1 − a1b  –b
α+   =
a  a1c − ac1  a

–b c  ab1 − a1b 
α = –  
a a  a1c − ac1 

−b(a1c − ac1) − c (ab1 − a1b )

α =
a (a1c − ac1)
−ba1c + bac1 − acb1 + a1bc
α =
a(a1c − ac1)
bac1 − ab1c
α =
a (a1c − ac1)
a (bc1 − cb1)
α =
a (a1c − ac1)
(bc1 − cb1)
∴ α=
(a1c − ac1)
Now, substituting equation (vii) in (ii)
c  ab1 − a1b  c
α×   =
a  a1c − ac1  a

c a  a1c − ac1 
∴ α = ×  
a c  ab1 − a1b 

 a c − ac1 
∴ α =  1 
 ab1 − a1b 
(bc1 − cb1)  a c − ac1 
∴ or  1  is the common root.
(a1c − ac1)  ab1 − a1b 
The condition is :
a1c ≠ ac1 or ab1 ≠ a1b
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

(10) Find the value of p, if the equations 3x2 − 2x + p = 0 and 6x2 – 17x + 12 = 0
have a common root.
Solution :
We know,
∴ 6x2 − 17x + 12 = 0
∴ 6x2 − 9x − 8x + 12 = 0
∴ 3x(2x − 3) − 4(2x − 3) = 0
∴ (3x − 4) (2x − 3) = 0
∴ 3x − 4 = 0 or 2x − 3 = 0
∴ 3x = 4 or 2x = 3
4 3
∴ x = or x =
3 2
4 4
Consider, x = is a common root. ∴ x = satisfies the second equation.
3 3
4
Putting x = in eqn. 3x2 − 2x + p = 0
3
2
4 4
∴ 3  − 2 × +p = 0
 
3 3
16 8
∴ 3× − +p = 0
3× 3 3
16 8
∴ − +p = 0
3 3
8
∴ +p = 0
3
−8
∴ p =
3
3 3
Consider, x = is a common root. ∴ x = satisfies the second equation.
2 2
3
Putting x = in eqn. 3x2 − 2x + p = 0
2
2
 3 3
∴ 3  − 2 × +p = 0
 2 2
9 6
∴ 3× − +p = 0
4 2
Question Bank - 14 - studiesmadesimple TM

27
∴ −3+p = 0
4
27 − 12
∴ +p = 0
4
15
∴ +p = 0
4
−15
∴ p =
4
−8 −15
∴ p= or p =
3 4
(11) If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to
the sum of the squares of their reciprocals. Show that bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P.
Solution :
We have to show that bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P.
i.e. to show that ca2 - bc2 = ab2 – ca2
i.e. to show that ca2 + ca2 = ab2 + bc2
i.e. to show that 2ca2 = ab2 + bc2
For ax2 + bx + c = 0,
1 1
α+β = + … (Given)
2
α β2

α2 + β2
∴ α+β =
α2β2

(α + β)2 – 2αβ
∴ α+β = ... (i) [∵ α2 + β2 = (α + β )2 – 2α β]
2
(αβ)
We know,
–b c
α+β= and α β =
a a
2
 –b  c 
a  – 2 
–b
∴ =   a 
a 2
c 
a 
 
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

b2 2c
–
–b 2 a
∴ = a
a c2
a2

b2 – 2ac

∴
–b
= a2
a c2
a2

–b b 2 – 2ac
∴ =
a c2
∴ –bc2 = a(b2 – 2ac)
∴ –bc2 = ab2 – 2a2c
∴ 2a2c = c2b + b2a
∴ bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P.

(12) Solve the following simultaneous equations:

ax + by = (a – b); bx = ay + a + b
where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are constants, where both are not zero.
Solution :
ax + by = (a – b) …(i)
bx = ay + a + b
∴ bx – ay = (a + b) …(ii)
where a and b are constant.
Here
a b
D =
b –a

D = –a2 – b2
a –b b
Dx =
a + b –a
= –a(a – b) –b(a + b)
= –a2 + ab – ab – b2
∴ Dx = –a2 – b2
Question Bank - 16 - studiesmadesimple TM

a a –b
Dy =
b a +b
= a(a + b) – b(a – b)
= a2 + ab – ab + b2
Dy = a2 + b2
By Cramer’s Rule,
Dx Dy
x = and y=
D D

(–a2 – b2 )
∴ x = ∴x=1
(–a2 – b2 )

a2 + b2 (a2 + b 2 )
y = =
–a2 – b2 –(a2 + b2 )
∴ y = –1
∴ x = 1 and y = –1 is the solution of given equations.

(13) Solve the following simultaneous equations:

m(x + y) + n(x − y)−(m2 + mn + n2) = 0
n(x + y) + m(x − y)−(m2 − mn + n2) = 0
Here, m and n are constants.
Solution :
m(x + y) + n(x − y)−(m2 + mn + n2) = 0
∴ m(x + y) + n(x − y) = m2 + mn + n2
∴ mx + my + nx − ny = m2 + mn + n2
∴ mx + nx + my − ny = m2 + mn + n2
∴ x(m + n) + y(m − n) = m2 + mn + n2 … (i)
n(x + y) + m(x − y) − (m − mn + n ) = 0
2 2

∴ n(x + y) + m(x − y) = m2 − mn + n2
∴ nx + ny + mx − my = m2 − mn + n2
∴ mx + nx − my + ny = m2 − mn + n2
∴ x(m + n) −y(m − n) = m2 − mn + n2 … (ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii),
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

x(m + n) + y(m − n) = m2 + mn + n2
+ x(m + n) − y(m − n) = m2 − mn + n2

2x(m + n) = 2m2 + 2n2

2m2 + 2n2 2(m2 + n2 ) (m2 + n2 )

∴ x= = =
2(m + n) 2(m + n) (m + n)
Subtracting eqn (i) and (ii),
x(m + n) + y(m − n) = m2 + mn + n2
− x(m + n) − y(m − n) = m2 − mn + n2

2y (m − n) = 2mn
2mn mn
∴ y= =
2(m − n) m −n

m2 + n2 mn
∴ x= and y =
m +n m −n

(14) The fore wheel of a carriage makes 6 revolutions more than the rear wheel in
going 120 m. If the diameter of the fore wheel be increased 1/4 its present
diameter and the diameter of the rear wheel be increased by one-fifth of its
present diameter, then the fore wheel makes 4 revolutions more than the rear
wheel in going the same distance. Find the circumference of each wheel of the
carriage.
Solution :
Let the diameters of the fore wheel and rear wheel x m and y m respectively.
∴ Circumference of fore wheel = πx m …(i)
and
Circumference of rear wheel = πy m …(ii)
Now, For a wheel,
Distance = circumference × no. of revolutions
∴ For a fore wheel,
120 = πx × No. of revolutions by a fore wheel
120
∴ No. of revolutions by a fore wheel =
πx
For a rear wheel
120 = πy × No. of revolutions by a rear wheel
Question Bank - 18 - studiesmadesimple TM

120
∴ No. of revolutions by a rear wheel =
πy

As per 1st condition,

120 120
= +6
πx πy
120 120
∴ – =6 …(iii)
πx πy
1
Now, Diameter of fore wheel is increased its present diameter.
4
x 5x
∴ Now Diameter of fore wheel = x + = m
4 4
5πx
∴ New circumference of a fore wheel = m
4
1
Diameter of rear wheel is increased times its present diameter.
5
y 6y
∴ New diameter of rear wheel = y + = m
5 5
6πy
∴ New circumference of a rear wheel = m
5
Now, for fore wheel
5πx
120 = × No. of revolutions by a fore wheel
4
4 96
∴ No. of revolutions by a fore wheel = 120 × =
5πx πx
For a rear wheel
6πy
120 = × No. of revolution by a rear wheel
5
5 100
No. of revolutions by a rear wheel = 120 × =
6πy πy
∴ As per 2nd condition,
96 100
= +4
πx πy
96 100
∴ – =4 ... (iv)
πx πy
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

1 1
Substituting = a and = b in equations (iii) and (iv),
πx πy
120a – 120b = 6 … (v)
96a – 100b = 4 … (vi)
Multiplying equation (v) by 10 and equation (vi) by 12,
1200a – 1200b = 60 … (vii)
1152a – 1200b = 48 … (viii)
Subtracting equation (viii) from (vii)
1200a – 1200b = 60
– 1152a – 1200b = 48
– + –
48a = 12
12
∴ a=
48
1
∴ a=
4
1
Substituting a = in equation (v)
4
1
∴ 120 × – 120b = 6
4
∴ 30 – 120b = 6
∴ –120b = –24
24
∴ b =
120
1
∴ b =
5
1 1
∴ a= and b =
πx πy
We get,
1 1 1 1
= and =
πx 4 πy 5
∴ πx = 4 and πy = 5
∴ Circumference of fore wheel = 4m and Circumference of rear wheel = 5m.
Question Bank - 20 - studiesmadesimple TM

(15) Draw the graphs representing the equations 2x = y + 2 and 4x + 3y = 24 on

the same graph papers. Find the area of the triangle formed by these lines and
the X–axis.
Solution :
2x = y + 2 4x + 3y = 24
x 1 2 3 x 0 3 6
y 0 2 4 y 8 4 0
(x, y) (1, 0) (2, 2) (3, 4) (x, y) (0, 8) (3, 4) (6, 0)
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

1 1 1
Area of ∆ ABC = × base × height = × BC × AD = × 5 × 4
2 2 2
= 10 sq. units
∴ Area of triangle is 10 sq. units
Question Bank - 22 - studiesmadesimple TM

(16) When the son will be as old as his father today, the sum of their ages then
will be 126. When the father was as old as his son is today, the sum of their
ages then was 38. Find their present ages.
Solution :
Let the present age of son be x years and the difference between the ages of son
and father be y years.
∴ Present age of father = (x + y) years
Now,
After y years,
Age of son = (x + y) years
Age of father = x + y + y = (x + 2y) years
∴ As per 1st condition,
x + y + x + 2y = 126
∴ 2x + 3y = 126 …(i)
And y years ago,
Age of son = (x – y) years
Age of father = x years
∴ As per 2nd Condition,
x – y + x = 38
∴ 2x – y = 38 …(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i)
∴ 2x + 3y = 126
– 2x – y = 38
– + –
4y = 88
88
∴ y =
4
∴ y = 22
Substituting y = 22 in eqn (ii),
∴ 2x – 22= 38
∴ 2x = 38 + 22
∴ 2x = 60
∴ x = 30 and x + y = 30 + 22 = 52
∴ Present age of Son is 30 years and present age of father is 52 years.
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

(17) Find the probability of a four turning up at least once in two tosses of a fair
die.
Solution :
Let S be the sample space
∴ S = { (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6) }
∴ n(S) = 36
Let ‘A’ be the event of a four turning up at least once.
∴ A = { (1,4), (2,4), (3,4), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 4), (6, 4) }
∴ n(A) = 11
n(A) 11
∴ P(A) = =
n(S) 36
∴ The probability of a four turning up at least once in two tosses of a fair die is
11
.
36

(18) What is the probability that an ordinary year has 53 Sundays ?

Solution :
In an ordinary year,
1 year = 365 days
1 week = 7 days
365
∴ 1 year = = 52 weeks + 1 day = 52 Sundays + 1 day
7
Let ‘S’ be the sample space of this 1 day be ‘S’.
∴ S = {Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat}
∴ n(S) = 7
Let ‘A’ be the event that this 1 day is a Sunday.
∴ A = {Sun}
∴ n(A) = 1
n(A) 1
∴ P(A) = =
n(S) 7
1
∴ The probability that an ordinary year has 53 Sundays is .
7
Question Bank - 24 - studiesmadesimple TM

(19) What is the probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays?

Solution :
1 leap year = 366 days
1 week = 7 days
366
∴ 1 leap year = = 52 weeks + 2 days = 52 Sundays + 2 days
7
Let S be the sample space of these 2 days
∴ S = {(Sun, Mon), (Mon, Tue), (Tue, Wed), (Wed, Thu), (Thu, Fri), (Fri, Sat), (Sat, Sun)}
∴ n(S) = 7
Let A be the event that 1 day from it is a Sunday.
∴ A = {(Sun, Mon), (Sat, Sun)}
∴ n(A) = 2
n(A) 2
∴ P(A) = =
n(S) 7
2
∴The probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays is .
7

(20) Three horses A, B and C are in a race. A is twice as likely to win as B and B is
twice as likely to win as C. What are their probabilities of winning ?
Solution :
Let the probability of winning horse A, B, C be P(A), P(B) and P(C).
P(A) = 2P(B)
P(B) = 2P(C)
∴ P(A) = 2 × 2 P(C) = 4P(C)
Since Horses A, B and C cannot win together,
∴ A, B and C are mutually exclusive events.
∴ P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1
∴ 4P(C) + 2P(C) + P(C) = 1
∴ 7P(C) = 1
1
∴ P(C) =
7
4
∴ P(A) = 4P(C) =
7
2
∴ P(B) = 2P(C) =
7
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

4 2 1
∴ P(A) = , P(B) = and P(C) =
7 7 7
(21) Savita and Hamida are friends, what is the probability that both will have
(i) different birthdays ?
(ii) the same birthday (ignoring a leap year) ?
Solution :
Since there are 365 days in a year and there are two birthdays of Savita and
Hamida.
∴ The number of outcomes for the sample space for their birthdays = 365 × 365
∴ n(S) = 365 × 365
(i) Let ‘A’ be the event that Savita and Hamida have different birthdays.
If they have the same birthday, then there is only one outcome.
But if they have different birthdays, number of outcomes in this event
= (365 − 1) × 365 = 364 × 365
∴ n(A) = 364 × 365
n(A) 364
∴ P(A) = = =
n(S) 365

(ii) Let B be the event that their birthdays are on the same day. Hence ‘A’ and ‘B’ are
complementary events.
364 1
∴ P(B) = 1 − P(A) = 1 − =
365 365
364
∴ Probability that both will have different birthdays is and Probability that
365
1
both will have same birthday is .
365

(22) Each coefficient in the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is obtained by throwing a fair

die. Find the probability that the equations have real roots.
Solution :
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is the quadratic equation.
Its roots will be real if b2 − 4ac ≥ 0 or b2 ≥ 4ac.
Let ‘S’ be the event of tossing a die thrice to get the value of a, b and c.
∴ S = {(1,1,1) (1,1,2), (1,1,3) … (6,6,6)}
For a = 1, there will be 36 outcomes for values of b and c.
Question Bank - 26 - studiesmadesimple TM

Hence total number of outcomes n(S) = 6 × 36 = 216

Let ‘A’ be the event that the values of a, b and c give real roots.
A = { (1, 2, 1), (1, 3, 1), (1, 3, 2), (2, 3, 1), (1, 4, 1), (1, 4, 2), (2, 4, 1), (2, 4, 2),
(3, 4, 1), (1, 4, 3), (1, 4, 4), (4, 4, 1), (1, 5, 1), (1, 5, 2), (2, 5, 1), (2, 5, 2),
(3, 5, 1), (1, 5, 3), (1, 5, 4), (4, 5, 1), (1, 5, 5), (5, 5, 1), (2, 5, 3), (3, 5, 2),
(1, 5, 6), (6, 5, 1), (1, 6, 1), (1, 6, 2), (2, 6, 1), (2, 6, 2), (3, 6, 1), (1, 6, 3),
(1, 6, 4), (4, 6, 1), (1, 6, 5), (5, 6, 1), (2, 6, 3), (3, 6, 2), (1, 6, 6), (6, 6, 1),
(2, 6, 4), (4, 6, 2), (3, 6, 3) }
∴ n(A) = 43
∴ The probability that the quadratic equation has real roots is :
n(A) 43
P(A) = =
n(S) 216

(23) Among the group of students 10% scored marks below 20, 20% scored marks
between 20 and 40, 35% scored marks between 40 and 60, 20% scored marks
between 60 and 80. The remaining 30 students scored marks between 80 and
100.
(i) Prepare frequency distribution from the above information.
(ii) Draw histogram.
Solution :
Class marks Frequency No. of students %
0–20 10
20–40 20
40–60 35
60–80 20
80–100 x
Total 100

From the given data,

10 + 20 + 35 + 20 + x = 100
85 + x = 100
x = 15%
Percentage of students scored 80 –100 marks is 15.
students scored 80-100
Percentage of students scored 80 –100 =
total no. of students
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

30
∴ 15 = ×100
total no. of students
∴ Total no. of students = 200
Class marks No. of students (frequency)
10
0–20 × 200 = 20
100
20
20–40 × 200 = 40
100
35
40–60 × 200 = 70
100
20
60–80 × 200 = 40
100
80–100 30
Total 200
Question Bank - 28 - studiesmadesimple TM

(24) Following is the frequency distribution of marks.

Marks 0–20 20-40 40–60 60–80 80–100 Total

No. of students 2 a 56 b 2 1000

If a and b are equal, find their values. Draw histogram and frequency
polygon.
Solution :
From the given data,
2 + a + 56 + b + 2 = 100
∴ 60 + a + b = 100
∴ 60 + a + a = 100 … (∵ a = b)
∴ 60 + 2a = 100
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

∴ 2a = 100 – 60
∴ 2a = 40
40
∴ a =
2
∴ a = 20
The revised frequency distribution table is :

Marks 0–20 20-40 40–60 60–80 80–100 Total

No. of students 2 20 56 20 2 1000

(25) Following is the frequency distribution with unknown frequencies.

Class 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 Total

Frequency a 2a 3a a 70

Find the value of a, hence find the frequencies. Draw a histogram.

Solution :
From the given data,
a + 2a + 3a + a = 70
7a = 70
a = 10

Class Frequency
Question Bank - 30 - studiesmadesimple TM

20–30 10
30–40 20
40–50 30
50–60 10

(26) Sharad bought a table and fan together for ` 5000. After some time he sold
the table at a gain of 25% and the fan at a gain of 20%. Thus he gained 23% on
the whole. Find the cost of the fan.
Solution :
Let the cost of a table be ` x and cost of a fan be ` y.
As per the first condition,
Total cost is ` 5000
∴ x + y = 5000 … (i)
Profit earned on selling the table = 25 %
25x
∴ Profit earned on selling the table = `
100
Profit earned on selling the fan = 20 %
20y
∴ Profit earned on selling the fan = `
100
23
Total profit = 23% of 5000 = × 5000
100
Total profit earned = ` 1150
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

25x 20y
∴ + = 1150
100 100
Multiplying by 100 on both sides,
∴ 25x + 20y = 115000 … (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 25.
25x + 25y = 125000 … (iii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (iii)
25x + 25y = 125000
– 25x + 20y = 115000
– – –
5y = 10000
∴ y = 2000
∴ Cost of a fan is ` 2000.

(27) Information from 120 college students was collected with a view to know
which vehicle they use to go to college. The data was as follows. Present the
information by pie diagram.
Vehicle No. of Students
Bus 21
Cycle 64
Moped 23
Scooter 9
Car 3

Solution :
No. of Measures of
Vehicle
Students central angles
21
Bus 21 × 360 = 63
120
64
Cycle 64 × 360 = 192
120
23
Moped 23 × 360 = 69
120
9
Scooter 9 × 360 = 27
120
Question Bank - 32 - studiesmadesimple TM

3
Car 3 × 360 = 9
120
Total 120 3600

(28) Solve 216x6 – 793x3 + 216 = 0.

Solution :
216x6 – 793x3 + 216 =0
∴ 216(x3)2 – 793x3 + 216 =0
Substituting x3 = a
∴ 216a2 – 793a + 216 = 0
∴ 216a2 – 729a – 64a + 216 = 0
∴ 27a(8a – 27) – 8(8a – 27) = 0
∴ (27a – 8) (8a – 27) = 0
∴ 27a – 8 = 0 or 8a – 27 = 0
8 27
∴ a= or a =
27 8
Resubstituting a = x3
8 27
∴ x3 = or x3 =
27 8
Taking cube root on both sides
2 3
∴ x= or x=
3 2

(29) A man travels by boat 36 km down a river and back in 8 hours. If the speed of
his boat in still water is 12 km per hour, find the speed of the river current.
Solution :
Let the speed of the river current be x km per hour.
Speed of boat in still water = 12 km/hr.
∴ Speed of water downstream = (12 + x) km/hr and
Speed of water upstream = (12 – x) km/hr
Distance
We know, Time =
Speed
36
∴ Time taken to travel downstream = … (i)
12 + x
36
∴ Time taken to travel upstream = … (ii)
12 − x
Total time taken to travel upstream and downstream is 8 hours.
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

36 36
∴ + =8
12 + x 12 − x
36(12 − x ) + 36(12 + x )
∴ =8
(12 + x )(12 − x )

∴ 432 – 36x + 432 + 36x = 8(122– x2)

∴ 432 – 36x + 432 + 36x = 8(122 – x2)
∴ 864 = 8(144 – x2)
∴ 8x2 + 864 – 1152 = 0
∴ 8x2 – 288 = 0
∴ 8x2 = 288
288
∴ x2 =
8
∴ x2 = 36
∴ x = ± 6 km/hr
Speed of river current cannot be negative.
∴ Speed of river current is 6 km/hr.

3
(30) The weight of a bucket is 15 kg., when it is filled with water upto capacity
5
4
and the weight is 19 kg, if is filled with water up to of its capacity. Find the
5
total weight of the bucket if it is completely filled with water.
Solution :
Let the weight of the empty bucket be x kg and the weight of water filled to full
capacity of bucket be y kg.

As per first condition,

3
∴ x + y = 15
5
Multiplying by 5 on both sides,
5x + 3y = 75 … (i) As per second condition,
4
x + y = 19
5
Multiplying by 5 on both sides,
5x + 4y = 95 … (ii) Subtracting eqn (i) from (ii),
5x + 4y = 95
Question Bank - 34 - studiesmadesimple TM

– 5x + 3y = 75
– – –
y = 20
Substituting y = 20 in eqn (i)
5x + 3(20) = 75
5x + 60 = 75
5x = 75 – 60
5x = 15
x =3
Weight of empty bucket is 3 kg and weight of water filled to its total capacity
is 20 kg.
∴ Total weight is 23 kg.

(31) A person deposits ` x in a savings bank account at the rate at 5% per annum
and ` y in fixed deposit at 10% per annum. At the end of first year he gets
` 400 total interest. If he deposits ` y in savings bank account and ` x in fixed
deposit he would get ` 350 as total interest. Find the total amount he deposited.
Solution :
PrincipalxRate xNumber of years
Interest =
100
Let the amount deposited in savings bank account at 5% per annum for one year be
` x.
5x
Interest earned on ` x = 5 % = `
100
Let the amount deposited in fixed deposits account at 10% per annum for one year
be ` y.
10y
Interest earned on ` y = 10 % = `
100

As per first condition,

5x 10y
+ = 400
100 100
Multiplying by 100 on both sides,
5x + 10y = 40000 … (i) As per second condition,
10x 5y
+ = 350
100 100
Multiplying by 100 on both sides,
10x + 5y = 35000 … (ii) Adding equation (i) and (ii)
5x + 10y = 40000
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

+ 10x + 5y = 35000
15x +15y = 35000
Dividing by 15,
x + y = 5000
∴ Total amount deposited, x + y is ` 5000.
(32) A businessman bought some items for ` 600, keeping 10 items for himself he
sold the remaining items at a profit of ` 5 per item. From the amount received
in this deal he could buy 15 more items. Find the original price of each item.
Solution :
Let the original price of each item be ` x.
Total price is ` 600.
Total price
Number of items bought =
Cost of one item
600
= … (i)
x
 600 
He kept 10 items for himself and sold  − 10  items at a profit of ` 5.
 x 
∴ Selling price is ` (x + 5).
 600 
He can buy 15 more items from the amount received on selling  + 15 .
 x 
 600   600 
∴  x − 10  (x + 5) =  x + 15 (x )
   
 600   600 + 15x 
∴  x − 10  (x + 5) =   (x)
   x 
Multiplying by x on both sides,

(600 – 10x) (x + 5) = (600 + 15x) x

∴ 600x + 3000 – 10x2 – 50x = 600x + 15x2
∴ 25x2 + 50x – 3000 = 0
Dividing by 25 on both sides,
x2 + 2x – 120 = 0
∴ (x + 12) (x – 10) = 0
∴ x + 12 = 0 or x – 10 = 0
∴ x = –12 or x = 10
Question Bank - 36 - studiesmadesimple TM

∵ Cost of an item is never negative.

∴ Original cost of an item is ` 10.

(33) A missing helicopter is reported to have

crashed somewhere in the rectangular
region shown in the adjacent figure,
what is the probability that it crashed
inside the lake shown in the figure?
Solution :
Area of rectangular region
= 9 x 4.5 = 40.5 sq. km
n(S) = 40.5
Length of the lake = 9 – 6 = 3 km
Breadth of the lake = 4.5 – 2 = 2.5 km
Area of the lake = 3 × 2.5 = 7.5 sq. km.
Let ‘A’ be the event that the helicopter crashes in the lake.
n(A) = 7.5
n(A) 7.5 5
n(S) = 40.5 = 27
P(A) =

∴ The probability that helicopter crashed inside the lake is 5 .

27