nino RambaSiZe

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

andria mociqulis qadageba qarTuli

xalxuri tradiciis mixedviT samcxeSi 1

mocemuli sakiTxis kvlevis mizani iyo, Segveswavla xalxSi SemorCenili gadmoce-

mebi wm. andria mociqulis misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb mesxeTSi. naSromi
agebulia im savele eTnografiul masalaze, romelic ori wlis ganmvlobaSi, 2010 da
2013 wlebSi, axalcixisa da adigenis raionebSi muSaobis dros movipoveT. savele
monacemebi Sedgeba foto, video da ra Tqma unda teqsturi masalisagan.
kvlevis procesSi daveyrdeniT sakiTxTan arsebul saistorio wyaroebs, Zvel qar-
Tul literturaSi, istoriul geografiasa da arqeologiaSi arsebul gamokvlevebs.
mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mesxuri eTnografiuli masala CvenTvis ucnobia. uf-
ro zustad rom vTqvaT, ukiduresad mwiria da mxolod erT sofels exeba.
meTodologiuri TvalsazrisiT, sakiTxze msjelobisas, ZiriTadad veyrdnobiT sa-
istorio wyaroebs. varkvevT, Tu ras amboben saistorio wyaroebSi dacul informaciaze
istoriul-geografiuli da arqeologiuri monacemebi da kvlevebi.
amosaval wyarod `qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobili CanarTi aviReT, sadac vkiTxu-
lobT: wm. andriam rkinis jvridan `viTarca STavlo xevi oZraxisa da movida sazRuar-
Ta samcxisaTa, daivana sofelsa, romelsa ewodebis zadengora. mixedna mociqulma da
ixila kacni mis adgilisani rameTu uzorvides kerpTa eruTa, da iloca mociqulman
wmidisa mis xatisa mimarT. da yovelni igi kerpni daemxunes da Seimusrnes. xolo wmida
mociquli warmoemarTa da moiwia awyvers, romelsac pirvelad ewodeboda sosangeTi, da
pirispir saqrisi. da daivana adgilsa erTsa, sada igi iyo taZari sakerpo, romelsa aw
Zvel-eklesia ewodebis, da mas Sina imsaxurebodes kerpni maTni~. aqvea moTxrobili gan-
mgebelis, qvrivi samZivaris Sesaxeb cnobili istoria. rodesac wm. andria da misi Tan-
mxlebni awyurSi mividnen, samZivari unugeSo iyo, vinaidan erTaderTi vaJi gardacvlo-
da. Rame cixidan, sadac RvTismSoblis xati iyo dabrZanebuli, romelic Tavad wm. mari-
amma gamoatana wm. andrias, naTeli gamodioda, ramac yvela gaakvirva. diliT samZivarma
kacebi gagzavna ambis gasarkvevad. dabrunebulebma dedofals uambes, rom ucxo kacebi
ucxo RmerTs eTayvanebian da amboben, rom es RmerTi qveynis Semoqmedi, dambadebeli, si-
cocxlis mimniWebeli, mkvdarTa aRmadginebelia. da rom maT Tan mSvenieri xati aqvT da
pativs scemen. samZivarma wm. andriasTan monebi gaagzavna da TavisTan misvla sTxova.
rodesac wm. andria masTan mivida, qvrivma gamokiTxa Tu vin iyo, saidan modioda da ras
qadagebda. wm. andriam mas yovelive uambo. Seni RmerTis mimarT iloce da Txove, rom
Svili aRmidginoso. Tu iwameb da rwmeniT SesTxov, aRgidgenso _ miugo mociqulma. WeS-
maritad mwamso, aRiara samZivarma. maSin wm. andriam qvrivis garda yvela gauSva gareT,
daado micvalebuls xati, xelapyrobiT iloca, Semdeg Seexo micvalebuls, romelmac
mZinaresaviT gaiRviZa. gaxarebulma dedam, ZiT da saxleuliT naTeliRo. amis Semdeg
samZivarma samcxis mTavarTan werili gaagzavna, sadac amcnobda momxdaris Sesaxeb da
sTxovda Casvlas awyurSi, raTa `umjobesi wesi da rjuli gamovarCioT da vscnaT, Tu
rai jer ars~. marTlac daiZra xalxi saswaulis adgilisaken da imdenma moiyara Tavi,
rom saqrisis veli gaivso. aq, qalaqSi, iyo sakerpo, romelSic `artemisa~ da apolonis
bomonebi idga da xalxi maT scemda Tayvans. amdenad, xalxis azri gaiyo, Tu vin ufro
didi RmerTi iyo, ieso qriste Tu artemisi da apoloni. maSin wm. andriam qurumebs Ses-
Tavaza RvTismSoblis xati kerpeb Sua daebrZanebinaT, taZris oriev kari daexSoT da
mcvelebic daeyenebinaT. marTlac ase moiqcnen da orive mxarem Tavis mxriv iloca. ro-
desac diliT taZris kari gaaRes, orive kerpi damsxvreuli naxes, xati ki brwyinavda,
rogorc mze didebiT da pativiT. am saswaulis Semdgom yvelam aRiara ieso qriste. wm.
andriam gadawyvita sxva qalaqebSic misuliyo saqadageblad, magram qvrivi da xalxi Se-
evedrnen maTTan darCeniliyo da ganemtkicebina sarwmunoebaSi. mociquli garkveuli xa-

1 uRrmesi madloba gvinda movaxsenoT eqvTime koWlamazaSvils Zalze sagulisxmo SeniSvnebisa da teqstis
redaqtirebisaTvis.
541
ni darCa maTTan, aswavla yovelive, daudgina episkoposi, mRvdlebi, diakvnebi da gaeSu-
ra Tavis gzaze. manam ki uari uTxra darCenaze da uambo, rom RvTismSoblis xati, wm.
mariamis miTiTebiT aq unda darCeniliyo. am ambavma sosangeTelebsa da mesxebSi didi
sixruli gamoiwvia. xati didi pativiT ekvderSi daasvenes. rodesac mefe aderkim Se-
ityo, rom klarjeTis erisTavma mSvidobianad gauSva wm. andria, `Serisxa~ igi 1.
vrcel kanonikur `cxovrebebs~ Soris, romlebic mociqulTa aqtebis da apokrife-
bis gadamuSavebis Semdeg daiwera, uadresia VI saukunis. maT Soris yvelaze popularu-
li iyo epifane monazvnis `andria pirvelwodebulis cxovreba~ (815-843 ww.), romelSic
saqarTvelos gaqristianebas didi adgili eTmoba 2. rogorc cnobilia, nikita-daviT paf-
lagonelis (†890 w.) `andria mociqulis mimosvla~ qarTulad efTvime aTonelma Targmna.
efTvime mTawmindeliseuli andria mociqulis `mimosvlis~ mixedviT3, mociquls, me-
samejer CvenSi mogzaurobisas, garkveuli xnis ganmavlobaSi, Tan axldnen mociqulebi:
mataTa, svimon kananeli da Tadeozi. igives ambobs arsen beris `ninos cxovreba~ 4. avga-
roz mefesTan edesaSi yofnis Semdeg, isini Woroxis xeobiT qarTlSi movidnen 5. iqada-
ges sosangeTSi/awyurSi 6, romlis gamgebeli, mTavari, qali iyo. mociqulTa qadagebis
Sedegad, igi moeqca 7. zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, sosangeTi svaneTi unda iyos8.
`qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ vrclad moTxrobili mesxuri gadmocemis uadresi litera-
turuli versia Cvenamde movida berZnuli Txzulebis `konstantinopolis uwmindesi
saRvTo eklesiis didi ritoris manuelis Txroba awyuerSi myofi yovlawminda RvTis-
mSoblis, qalwuli mariamis xatsa da saswaulebze, romlebic man sxvadasxva Jams moi-
moqmeda~ saxiT. fiqroben, rom Txzulebis avtoris, ritor manuel korinTelis Txrobas
safuZvlad awyuruli matianes sagangebo berZnuli Targmani unda dadeboda, romelic
mzeWabuk aTabagis (1500-1516 ww.) dakveTiT, awyuris imdroindel episkoposs, trapizonel
berZen simeons, unda daewera 9.
qarTvelma arqeologma vaxtang liCelma arqeologiuri gaTxrebis gziT Seiswavla
awyuri da mravalwliani muSaobis Sedegad mopovebuli masalebis mixedviT, daaskvna
Semdegi:
1. awyurSi iyo RvTismSoblis saxelze aRmarTuli taZari.
2. Cv. w. I saukuneSi, wm. andrias mosvlisTvis, dRevandel awyurSi iyo winaqristia-
nuli tipis, elinizirebuli, didi dasaxleba, cixe-simagriT da artemisis da apolonis
taZriT. arqeologiurma eqspediciam aCvena, rom `awyuris cixis qveda samSeneblo fenebi
tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT garkveul siaxloves avlens gvianelinistur-romaul sam-
Seneblo teqnikasTan, rac swored andria mociqulis... mosvlis xanas Seesabameba~. gaT-
xrebis Sedegad aRmoCenilia qaronis oboli, rac aq artemisis da apolonis kultis da
taZris arsebobis erT-erTi dasturia.
3. mdidari arqeologiuri masalis safuZvelze, sosangeTi/awyuri regionis adminis-
traciuli da religiuri centri Cans, ris gamoc mociquli unda mosuliyo aq. samarxeb-
Si aRmoCenili insigniebis mixedviT, v. liCeli Tvlis, rom awyurSi/sosangeTSi `mmar-
Tveli elitaruli sazogadoeba cxovrobda~, rac, Tavis mxriv, `qarTlis cxovrebas~ Se-
esabameba.
4. werilobiTi wyaros mixedviT, mociquli awyuramde benaras dasaxlebaSi mivida,
sadac zadenis kerpi iyo aRmarTuli. zadenis mTaze, sadac uSualod kerpi iyo aRmar-

1 leonti mroveli, cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa, qarTlis cxovreba, tomi I, teqsti dadgenili yvela Ziri-
Tadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier (Tbilisi, 1955), gv. 38-42.
2 r. xalvaSi, andria pirvelwodebuli saqarTveloSi (baTumi, 2011), gv. 20.
3 am TxzulebiT Seityo `qarTvelma sazogadoebriobam~ mociqulis CvenSi qadagebis Sesaxeb. mimosvla an-
dria mociqulisa, Zveli qarTuli Targmanis teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo malxaz
kobiaSvilma (Tbilisi, 2008), gv. 155.
4mimosvla andria mociqulisa, dasax. gamocema, gv. 37.
5 ioane anCelis `galobani anCisxatisanis~ mixedviT, ieropolidan mosulma andria mociqulma da pirvel-
wodebulma anCisxati klarjeTSi moitana. n. sulava, XII-XIII saukuneebis qarTuli himnografia (Tbilisi,
2003), gv. 299.
6 igives gvamcnobs arsen beriseuli `ninos cxovreba~. wm. andriam `mesxTa da javaxTa Soris~ rom iqadaga,
amas Teimuraz batoniSvilis `cxovreba iveriisac~aRniSnavs. mimosvla andria mociqulisa..., gv. 120, 38, 136.
7 mixeil-gobron sabinini, saqarTvelos samoTxe (peterburRi, 1882), gv. 36.
8 mimosvla andria mociqulisa, gv. 105; r. xalvaSi, andria pirvelwodebuli saqarTveloSi, gv. 23-24.
9 iqve, gv. 75-76.

542
Tuli, gaiwminda goraki monoliTuri qvebiT, ris Sedegadac didi sagnis dasamagreblad
gankuTvnili oTxkuTxa Wrili gamovlinda.
5. yovelive zemoTqmulis safuZvelze, vaxtang liCeli miiCnevs, rom qarTul sais-
torio wyaroSi realuri faqtebia moTxrobili da wm. andrias misioneruli moRvaweoba
arqeologiuradac mtkicdeba 1.
sakiTxi istoriuli geografiis kuTxiT Seiswavla devi berZeniSvilma. wyaroebis
mixedviT, wm. andriam gadmoiara rkinis jvari (zekari), oZraxis xevi, sofeli zadengora
da mivida sosangeTSi/awyurSi. Tumca, mdinare uravliswylis marcxena sanapiroze mdeba-
re sofel andriawmindasTan dakavSirebul gadmocemaze saubrisas devi berZeniSvili
aRniSnavs, rom xsenebuli gadmocemis mixedviT, mociqulma zadengoridan mdinare foc-
xovi gadmoiara da andriawmindaSi avida, aqedan ki kvalTaxevis da orfolas gavliT,
awyurSi mivida 2.
Cvenc, eTnografiuli masalebisa da gadmocemebis moSveliebiT, am gzas gavyveT da
vnaxoT, ramdenad sxvaobs Tu emTxveva isini wyaroTmcodneobiT, arqeologiur da is-
toriuli geografiis monacemebs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, samcxeSi, kerZod, axalcixisa da adigenis raionebSi, 2010 da
2013 wlebSi vimyofebodiT mivlinebaSi. Segrovilma masalam Semdegi suraTi gviCvena:
abasTumnis (oZraxes) dasaxelebis warmomavloba erTi versiiT `xabazT ubans~
niSnavs. aq cxovrobdnen abazaZeebi, romlebic xabazebi iyvnen 3. arsebobs abasTumnis war-
moSobis meore axsnac. Zvel oZraxe/abasTumans osmaleTis batonobis Semdgom, XVIII sa-
ukunidan, abas-faSas gamo, `abasaanT bani~ ewoda 4. dRevandel abasTumanSi
demografiuli suraTi Secvlilia. aq 1940-ian wlebSi imereTidan gadmosaxlebulia
mosaxleoba. aseve, abasTumanSi udidan gadmosaxlebuli udelebic saxloben.
imereTidan gadmosaxlebuli erT-erTi mkvidri mosaxlis _ 76 wlis Tina aleqsandres
asuli demetraZe-naTelaSvilis TqmiT, isini imereTis sofel zekaridan 1944 wels
gadmoasaxles. `Cemi babua zekaris uReltexilis nacvlad, ityoda, rkinis jvariao.
moxucebi ambobdnen, marTalia, is jvari (wm. andrias mier aRmarTuli) aRar aris, magram
viciT, sadac iyoo~,– gviTxra man. misive TqmiT, 1960-1970-ian wlebSi abasTumnis kurort-
sammarTvelos direqtori, kargi samxedro eqimi, qirurgi givi apolonis Ze fanculaia
yofila. am periodSi abasTumanSi erTi mZime avadmyofi gamojanmrTelebula da rodesac
gauvlia, yvelas Zalian gakvirvebia. givi fanculaias uTqvams, `aq abasTumanSi andria
mociquli dadioda da vin ar gaivliso~ 5.
gadmocemis mixedviT, wm. andria oZraxedan (dRevandeli abasTumani), locviTa da
galobiT wamosula da zadengoraze Camosula. dRes zadengora sofel benaras (mTxrob-
lis TqmiT, bernaras) Tavzea 6. adre zadengora erTi sofeli yofila, romelic Sua sau-
kuneebSi gazrdila, ris Sedegadac gayofila da XVI saukunis bolos or soflad _ za-
denad da gorad Camoyalibebula 7. sofelma zadenma XX saukunis dasawyisamde iarseba 8.
aq, zadengorze (zogierTi mTxrobeli mas sofel benaras mTasac uwodebs), dResacaa mo-
noliTuri qvebi, aris nasoflari, gvirabi, darani. qvajvaric aq unda yofiliyo aRmar-
Tuli 9. Segrovebuli savele masalis mixedviT, zadeni xuTmetriani, oqrosfrad daferi-
li mamakacis qandakeba iyo. andria mociqulsa da zadenis msaxurebs Soris mSvidobiani
kamaTi gamarTula, Tu visi RmerTi ufro sarwmuno iyo. mTxroblis TqmiT, ufals
yvelasTvis aseTi goneba miucia. erTi kviris marxulobisa da locvis Semdeg, diliT
adre, rodesac mzis uzarmazari disko amovida, mociquli gamosula karvidan. mTxrob-
lisave TqmiT, maisSi, 21 ivnisamde, TrialeTis mxridan aq mzis didi disko amodis.
karvidan gamosuli mociquli zadenis kerpTan misula, xeli Seuxia da uTqvams: `uflis

1 Licheli V., St.Andrew in Samtskhe – Archeological Proof?, Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus, Iberica Cauccasica, volum I, Curzon
Caucasus world (1999), p.36-37; v. liCeli, kultis sakiTxi antikuri xanis samcxeSi, saerTaSoriso simpoziumi
`qristianoba Cvens cxovrebaSi: warsuli, awmyo, momavali~, moxsenebaTa mokle Sinaarsebi, 25-26 noemberi
(Tbilisi, 2005), gv. 155-156.
2 d. berZeniSvili, andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze (Tbilisi, 2009), gv. 137.
3 n. RambaSiZe, axalcixe-adigenis 2013 wlis savele eTnografiuli masalebi, xelnaweri.
4 z. lobJaniZe, abasTumani (Tbilisi, 2009), gv. 11.
5 n. RambaSiZe, axalcixe-adigenis 2013 wlis...
6 n. RambaSiZe, axalcixe-adigenis 2010 wlis savele eTnografiuli masalebi, xelnaweri.
7 d. berZeniSvili, andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze, gv. 135.
8 n. RambaSiZe, axalcixe-adigenis 2010 wlis...
9 d. berZeniSvili, andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze, gv. 135.
543
nebiT daeqec!~. zadenic daqceula. xalxs wm. andrias marxulobis Sesaxeb scodnia da
zadengoraze misula imis sanaxavad, Tu ra moxdeboda. xalxi muxlebze dacemula. SiSma
moicva isini, vinaidan amdeni xani zadens loculobdnen, is ki daeca. xeobaSi xma
gavrcelda, rom mosulia adamiani, romelic axal RmerTs qadagebs. am droisaTvis
mogzaurebs, vaWrebs ieso qristeze ukve hqondaT ambavi motanili. es ariso axali
RvTaeba, axali RmerTi, romelic ufro Zlieria vidre zadenio. gadmocemis mixedviT, wm.
andrias mosvlamde zadens adamians swiravdnen. mociqulma xalxs axali rwmena
miaRebina da adamianis nacvlad, cxovelebs awirinebdao.
dRes kidev axsovT erTi xalxuri leqsi, romelsac wm. andrias dros ukavSireben
da romelic `vinme mesxs~ anu ivane gvaramaZes aqvs Cawerilio:
`ojorjaleli xucesi
Walas iyo mimavali.
Worad Wanmglebs gadeyara,
zaden yeli gadugdo1
sul ar mimiZRvis bralio~.
mTxroblis TqmiT, xucesi, romelzedac leqsSia saubari, axladgaqristianebuli
unda yofiliyo da zadenma rjulis SecvlisaTvis dasaja. igi warmarTma Wanebma daiWi-
res da mokleso.
mociquli zadengoridan sofel aralisaken daiZra da rodesac midgomia adgils,
romelsac dRes ziareTigverds eZaxian, gadmomdgara. Sekrebila xalxi da mociquls
ulocia da uqadagia. mTxroblis TqmiT, moxucebi ambobdnen, rom am adgils imitom
hqvia ziareTi, rom xalxi aq eziara axal religiaso, aq gaiges axali religiis Sesaxe-
bo. sanam sofel aralSi SexvalT, aris e.w. Suaseri, romelic, faqtobrivad, zadengora-
sa da arals Suaa. dRes aq eklesiaa, romelsac meSurneTs eZaxian. aq amave saxelwo-
debis sofeli iyo. mis gayolebiT, arcTuise Sors, aris nasoflari zemo farexi, sadac
wm. andria mociqulis saxelze salocavia, eklesiao, amboben. dRes aq mcire farduli
da qvebia, sadac xatebi awyvia.
meSurneTidan wm. andria sofel aralSi Sevida. am sofelSi TeTr svetebze Sem-
dgari ukedlebo taZari idga, romelic RvTaeba harales saxelze iyo aRmarTuli da
sofelsac am RvTaebis saxelidan gamomdinare hqvia aralio, manamde misi saxeli bru-
TieTi iyoo. Tumca, zogis TqmiT, erTxel kacs Camouvlia da qalisTvis kvercxi uTxo-
via. ar udevso, e.i. ar ariso _ uTqvams qals, ris gamoc sofelsac arali darqmevia. es
taZari imxela iyo, rom axalcixidanac Candao, cxeniani kaci rom gaivlida, imis
Crdilze fexs ar daadgamdao. dRemde SemorCenili gadmocemis mixedviT, am taZarSi,
dResaswaulze, weliwadSi erTxel, modioda iremi, romelsac erTi saaTiT unda daes-
vena, ris Semdegac mas klavdnen da mis xorcs mrevli inawilebda. erTxelac, iremma da-
igviana da Zalian daRlili movida. molodiniT daRlilma da gabrazebulma mrevlma
irems dasveneba ar acala da maSinaTve dakla. sanam yelze danas dausvamdnen, iremma
adamianis xmiT Tqva: `daRaluli ratom damkaliT? am eklesias Ziri aRma da piri daR-
mao~. mas mere eklesia dangreulia. mTxroblis TqmiT, moxucebi ambobdnen, ase Sefar-
viTaa qristianoba Cven sofelSi gavrcelebulio. Cvenma mTxrobelma, gviambo ra gad-
mocema, iqve dasZina, rom am legendebSi aRar sCans, sad damTavrda warmarToba da sad
daiwyo qristianobao. marTlac, bevri SekiTxva Cndeba. magaliTad, irmis mosvlis wess
ukavSireben, rogorc warmarTobis dros, aseve qristianul periods. is erTi dResas-
wauli, rodesac weliwadSi erTxel Cndeboda samsxverplo iremi, xalxis TqmiT, an xor-
cielis kviras iyo, an aRdgomas, kerZod, mTxroblis TqmiT, aRdgoma rom Tendeboda,
maSin. namarxuleb xalxs irmis xorciT unda gaexsnila. dakluli irmis xorci xalxs
saxlSi mihqonda. aralis Zveli eklesiis Sesaxeb, romelsac irmis eklesiis saxeliTac
moixsenieben, odnav gansxvavebuli versiac CavwereT. sanam aralis qveda, Zvel eklesias,
igive irmis eklesias daangrevdnen, yovel diliT eklesiasTan iremi modioda, gars
uvlida, Tayvans scemda da midioda. erT dResac iremi Camosula da eklesia dangreuli
daxvedria. mTxrobelma ar icoda, vis gamo an ris gamo daingra eklesia. am dangreuli
eklesiis ori qva, ori sveti erTmaneTzea dadebuli. es xalxma dado. qvebi saswaulmoq-
medad iTvleba. iremi rom mosula da eklesia dangreuli daxvedria, kedlisTvis sul

1 niSnavs yelis gamowevas, rodesac vinmes rames exvewebi.

544
Tavi urtyams. am gadebuli svetebis qveS xalxi samjer gadis da survils SesTxovs
RmerTs. Tu bavSvs batonebi hqonda, am qvebis qveS gaaZvrendnen.
sofel aralTan da mesxeTis zogierT kuTxesTan dakavSirebiT amgvari leqsi arsebobs:
`puri kldes,
Rvino bogasa,
Tevzi tobasa,
wiTeli vaSli
gaRma-gamoRma wyorZasa.
lamazi qali ikiTxe,
an fuRa, an axdilasa,
qristes rjuli,
sofel aralsa~.
mTxroblis TqmiT, aralidan wm. andria ukan Wixelisa da qiqineTis mimarTulebiT
wavida da xerxemis cixe gaiara. dasavleT saqarTveloSi undoda gadasvla, magram aRar
gadasula. gorebiT uvlia da Camosula winubnis xeobaSi (axalcixis raioni), sadac bie-
Tis taZaria da iqve gaCerebula. iqidan gza bilikis saxiT gadmodis mTebze, Releebze
da Camodis mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, gamoRma awyurSi. Semdeg, gaRma awyurSi, sadac
dRes didi taZaria, iq gadmosula. aq, sadRac daubrZanebia RvTismSoblis xati. gadmo-
cemis mixedviT, awyurSi andria mociquls uTxres: `aq, mgoni, berebi arian, Sen rom re-
ligias qadageb, magnairebio~. mociqulma maTi naxva moindoma. uravlis xeobSi, sofel
wyorZasTan, aris nasoflari, romelsac dRes baiebs eZaxian. sinamdvileSi maT berdi-
kaTubani hqvia. aq berul-mRvimuri cxovrebis berebi iyvneno, aRniSna mTxrobelma. aq ga-
moqvabulebi iyo da berebi yvelasgan mowyvetilebi cxovrobdnen. am berebis ZiebaSi mo-
ciquli dRevandel andriawmindaSi asula. imis gamo, rom aq gaCerebula, soflisTvis
andriawminda SeurqmeviaT. Zvelad andriawmindas satalao rqmevia. Semdgom ra gziT wa-
sula mociquli, mTxrobelma aRar icoda 1.
devi berZeniSvili aRniSnavs, rom gadmocemis mixedviT, andria mociquli aralidan
mdinare focxovze gadmovida da sofel andriawmindaSi mivida. `aq saswaulebi moaxdina:
dabadebiT usinaTlo qals Tvali auxila; pitalo kldes kverTxi dahkra da wyaro gadmo-
edina, romelsac dResac andrias wyaros uwodeben. aq andria kvalTaxevisa daorfolas
gavliT, awyvers mosula~. sofelSi wm. andrias saxelze X saukunis bazilikaa agebuli.
devi berZeniSvilis TqmiT, sofels saxeli swored mociqulis saxelobis eklesiam misca.
aq dReobas wm. andrias Semosvlis dRes, didmarxvis mexuTe xuTSabaTs ixdian 2.
Cveni masalebis mixedviT, sofel andriawmindaSi aris sami ubani: pirdapiris, Sua
da gaRma ubnebi. wm. andrias eklesia pirdapiris ubanSia. mTxroblebis mixedviT,
rodesac isini Sua ubanSi dganan, maT win pirdapiri ubania, ris gamoc daerqva soflis
am nawils es saxeli. winaparTa gadmocemiT, wm. andria iudevelebs uwamebiaT. ormo
gauTxriaT da Sig CaugdiaT, magram mociquls araferi mosvlia, ise iyo, TiTqos, cec-
xls eficxebodao. devi berZeniSvili am ambavTan dakavSirebiT, damatebiT informacias
gvawvdis. im ormosTvis, sadac mociquli CaugdiaT, saqonlis tyavi gadaufarebiaT,
saidanac naTeli amosula, ris gamoc adgilobriv belads wm. andria gauTavisuflebia 3.
xalxis TqmiT, wm. andria awyurSi misvlamde, sadac xati daabrZana, aWaridan movida.
pirvelad andriawmindaSi, soflis qveda Semosasvlelidan Semovida da erTi Rame ga-
aTena. wm. andrias dResaswaulic swored amis aRsaniSnavad, aRdgomamde, xuTSabaTs (de-
vi berZeniSvilis mixedviT, didmarxvis mexuTe xuTSabaTs) an zogis TqmiT, aRdgomamde
ormoci dRiT adre, xuTSabaTs imarTeba 4. aRsaniSnavia, rom andriawminda erTaderTi
sofelia, romelic saflavebze aRdgomis mexuTe xuTSabaTs gadis, rasac Tavad sofle-
lebic aRniSnaven. xalxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, wm. andria sxvagan gardaicvala da
Semdeg am soflis eklesiasTan dakrZales. mTxroblis TqmiT, berikacebi ityodnen, rom
sxvagan gardacvlili wm. andrias nawilebi – xeli da fexi mesxeT-javaxeTSi gamougzav-
niaT da imitom daerqva mociqulis saxeli sofels da imitomac gavdivarT mis dReobas
saflavebzeo.

1 n. RambaSiZe, axalcixe-adigenis 2010 wlis...; n. RambaSiZe, axalcixe-adigenis 2013 wlis...

2 d. berZeniSvili, andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze, gv. 137, 150.
3 iqve, gv. 20.
4 mTxrobels dReobis zusti TariRi aRar axsovda.
545
 xalxi andriobaze, diliT, 6-7 saaTze midis eklesiaSi (ojaxidan erTi kaci mainc
unda wavides) da anTebs sanTlebs. Semdeg, rodesac xalxic grovdeba, iSleba sufra.
sanTlebs saflavebze micvalebulebsac unTeben. 7-6 ojaxi erTad sxdeba. sufraze, Ziri-
Tadad, lobio da kolio unda iyos. axla xorceulsac Wamen, marxvis miuxedavad. wina
dRiT furneSi qadebs acxoben, eqnebaT xaWapuric. xalxi 3-4 saaTi mainc Cerdeba xolme,
magram gaaCnia, Tu aRdgoma adrea, SesaZloa, Tovlisa da uamindobis gamo, cotaxans mo-
uwioT darCena. amboben, es eklesia IV saukunisaao, gviTxra mTxrobelma. zogis TqmiT,
gadmocemis mixedviT, Tavad andrias auSenebia, zogis TqmiT ki, vinme mdidari kaci mixe-
la yofila soflad da andriawmindas eklesia da sxvebic misi gaSenebulia. soflis
Semogareni sul tyiT yofila dafaruli. rodesac sofeli dasaxlebula, tyec ganadgu-
rebula. xalxis TqmiT, SavSeTis andriawmindelebi aq gadmosaxldnen. eklesiasTan wmin-
da fiWvi yofila. xalxi, rogorc eklesiaze, ise im fiWvis xeze, anTebda sanTlebs. xe
eklesiasaviT salocavad iTvleboda. komunistebis dros es fiWvi moaWrevines. xe rom iqve,
ReleSi gadavardnila, TiTqos daiZaxa `miSveleTo~, ambobs xalxi. am xis momWrels, vinc
es codva Caidina, axalgazrda, dasaojaxebeli Svilebi daeRupa da aRaravin darCa. Rmer-
Tma dasaja. amis momswre aris xalxi. fiWvis adgilze xalxma isev dargo xe 1.
awyurSi, saistorio wyaroebis im punqtSi, sadac wm. andriam RvTismSoblis xel-
Tuqmneli xati daabrZana da mravali saswauli aRasrula, CvenTvis saintereso eTnog-
rafiuli masalis mopoveba ver SevZeliT, risi mizezic, vfiqrobT, aq demografiuli su-
raTis cvlileba unda iyos. dRes awyurSi ZiriTadad imereTidan gadmosaxlebuli mo-
saxleoba cxovrobs.
awyurTan dakavSirebiT, wm. andrias moRvaweobis konteqstSi, devi berZeniSvili
erT detalze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. igi wers: `samcxis Zvel sofel udeSi erT naekle-
siarsa da ubans `SuSan qalas~ etyvian, rac SesaZloa kavSirSi iyos susania-sosan-
geTTan~ 2 anu awyuris Zvel saxelwodebasTan, romelsac wyaroebSi vxvdebiT.
Cveni masalebis mixedviT, sofel udis naeklesiari `SuSan qala~, romlis adgila-
sac eklesia iyo, xelaxla augia SuSana xurciZes, misi gardacvlili qmris sulis sao-
xad, murvan yrus dros. es `SuSan qalaqia~ anu am qalis mier aSenebuli, ambobda
mTxrobeli. zogis TqmiT, SuSana SaburiZe iyo is qali, romelsac imereTisken mimavali
Temur-lengis mier dangreuli eklesiis adgilze eklesia auSenebia da romelsac `Su-
San qalasac~ da `SuSan qalaqsac~ eZaxian. `SuSan qaladan~ gvirabi gadiodao. zogis
TqmiT, `SuSan qala~ saswauliani adgilia. aq iloceben, sanTlebs daanTeben da ikurne-
bian. es iseTi wminda adgili iyo, rom bavSvsac ki ar unda moeSarda. es sofeli yofi-
la, romelic murvan yrus nasoflarad uqcevia. xalxi aqedan wasula da maRla sof-
lebSi, romlebsac TaTris soflebs uZaxian, gadasaxlebula, aq ki yvelaferi gauqmebu-
la, nasoflaris adgilze tye gazrdila. erTxelac, erT moxuc qals xbo gamoqcevia.
mis saZebrad gamosuli, Semdgara serze da tyeSi eklesiis patara wveri daunaxavs. xal-
xisTvis uTqvams, Cemi bebia 100 wlis gardaicvala da misgan vici, rom aq eklesia iyoo.
marTlac wamosulan da tyeSi patara eklesia upoviaT. xalxs tye gauCexia da sofelic
moSenebulao. yvela saxlSi Zveli Wurebi amodioda, vinaidan es adgili nasaxlari iyo.
mTxrobels axsovda dedis monaTxrobi, rom misTvis erT moxucs uTqvams, aq murvan
yrus dros sofeli iyo da Cafluli Wurebi im droindeliao.
istoriul-geografiuli kvlevis mixedviT, rogorc zemoT iTqva, samcxeSi wm. an-
dria Semovida da gaiara: zekaris uReltexili/rkinis jvari _ oZraxis xevi– oZrxe/oZ-
raxe (abasTumani) – zadengora (sadac ori sofeli iyo zadeni da gora), romelic so-
fel benaras Tavze mdebareobs _ sosangeTi/awyuri. Tumca, devi berZeniSvili iSveliebs
xalxur gadmocemas, romelic mdinare uravliswylis marcxena sanapiroze mdebare so-
fel andriawmindasTanaa dakavSirebuli da aRniSnavs, rom xsenebuli gadmocemis mixed-
viT, mociqulma zadengoridan mdinare focxovi gadmoiara da andriawmindaSi movida,
aqedan ki kvalTaxevis da orfolas gavliT, awyurSi mivida 3.
xalxuri gadmocema mociqulis samcxeSi Semosvlis da mogzaurobis amgvar mar-
Sruts gvaZlevs: zekari/rkinis jvari – oZraxe/abasTumani – zadengora _ ziareTigverdi

1 n. RambaSiZe, axalcixe-adigenis 2010 wlis...

2 d. berZeniSvili, andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze, gv. 150.
3 iqve, gv. 137.
546
_ Suaseri – arali 1. aralidan wm. andria ukan, Wixelisa da qiqineTis mimarTulebiT wa-
vida da xerxemis cixe gaiara, gorebiT Cavida winubnis xeobaSi (axalcixis raioni) da
bieTis taZarTan gaCerda, bilikiT mTebze, Releebze gadavida da mtkvris marcxena sana-
piroTi gamoRma awyurSi Cavida, gadavida gaRma awyurSi, gaiara uravlis xeoba, sofel
wyorZasTan nasoflar berdikaTubanSi (dRes baiebi) mivida da avida sofel andriawmin-
daSi (Zveli satalao).
istoriul-geografiuli marSrutisagan eTnografiuli marSruti Semdegi punqte-
biT sxvaobs: ziareTigverdi – Suaseri/meSurneTi – arali – SesaZloa, ude – xerxemis
cixe – axalcixis winubani _ bieTis taZari – wyorZasTan berdikaTubani (baiebi) – sofe-
li andriawminda/satalao.
axla vnaxoT, Tu rogor emTxveva an sxvaobs saistorio wyarosgan wm. andrias sam-
cxeSi moRvaweobis da mimosvlis amsaxveli eTnografiuli masala.
vinaidan dRes abasTumanSi XX saukunis 40-iani wlebSi imereTidan gadmosaxlebu-
li da sofel udidan amosuli mosaxleoba cxovrobs, tradiciuli codna andria mo-
ciqulis am geografiul punqtSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, faqtobrivad, gamqralia, magram,
vfiqrobT, igi unda arsebuliyo, vinaidan imereTidan mosuli uxucesebi, tadiciuli
codnis mixedviT, uTiTebdnen zekaris uReltexilze mociqulis mier rkinis jvris aR-
marTvis adgils anu gadmocemiT icodnen, sad iyo igi. es faqti jer kidev cocxalia
maTi STamomavlebis mexsierebaSi. is, rom dRevandeli abasTumnis teritoria wmida mi-
waa, sadac saswaulebi SeiZleba moxdes, vinaidan aq wm. andria dadioda, qadagebda da
saswaulebs axdenda, XX saukunis 60-70 wlebSi aq moRvawe pirebma icodnen, rac, vfiq-
robT, ukve saistorio wyarodan momdinare codna unda iyos.
gadmocemis mixedviTac, mociquli oZraxe/abasTumnidan locviTa da galobiT
wamosula da zadengoraze Camosula. zogierTi mTxrobeli mas sofel benaras mTasac
uwodebs. dRes zadengora sofel benaras (mTxroblis TqmiT, bernaras) Tavzea. gadmoce-
ma imeorebs wyaroSi dadasturebul cnobebs zadengoraze misuli mociqulis Sesaxeb
da damatebiT, gvauwyebs, rom kerpi xuTmetriani, oqrosfrad daferili mamakacis
qandakeba iyo. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, wm. andriasa da zadenis kerpis msaxurebs Soris
kamaTi imis Sesaxeb Tu visi RmerTi ufro sarwmuno iyo, mSvidobianad gamarTula. gar-
da amisa, gadmocemis mixedviT, wm. andrias erTkviriani marxvisa da locvis Semdeg, di-
liT adre, rodesac mzis uzarmazari disko amovida, karavidan gamosulma mociqulma
xelis SexebiT daangria kerpi. werilobiTi wyaros Tanaxmad ki wm. andriam mxolod il-
oca da ise daangria kerpi. faqtobrivad, gadmocema miuTiTebs andrias zadenze misvlis
drosac: vinaidan aRniSnul regionSi mzis disko zemoT aRwerili saxiT maisidan Sua
ivnisamde amodis, irkveva, rom wm. andria iq gazafxul-zafxulSi iyo misuli. gadmoce-
mis mixedviT, xalxs wm. andrias marxvis Sesaxeb kargad scodnia da zadengoraze imis
sanaxavad misula, Tu ra moxdeboda. manamde xeobaSi xma gavrcelebula, rom movida
adamiani, romelic axal RmerTs qadagebda. im droisaTvis mogzaurebsa da vaWrebs ieso
qristes ambavi ukve hqondaT motanili da xalxmac icoda, rom arsebobs axali RvTaeba,
axali RmerTi, romelic ufro Zlieria vidre zadeni. gadmocemis mixedviT, wm. andrias
mosvlamde zadens adamians swiravdnen. mociqulma xalxs axali rwmena miaRebina da
adamianis nacvlad cxovelebs awirinebda. Cveni azriT, codna ieso qristesa da adami-
anuri msxverplis cxoveluri msxverpliT Secvlis Sesaxeb gadmocemaSi `qarTlis cxov-
rebidan~ unda iyos Sesuli. rac Seexeba zemoT motanil leqss zadenis mier dasjili,
axladmoqceuli ojorjaleli xucesis Sesaxeb, is, SesaZloa, realuri istoriis ana-
rekli iyos, rogorc es xSirad xdeba xolme. am mxriv, gadmocema, vfiqrobT, qristia-
nobisa da warmarTobis dapirispirebis amsaxvelicaa.
rogorc iTqva, mociquli zadengoridan sofel iaralisaken daiZra, ziareTigver-
diT Camovida da miadga adgils, romelsac dRes Suasers eZaxian. mociquli ziareTi-
gverdze gadmomdgara. xalxi Sekrebila. mociquls ulocia da uqadagia. ziareTi imito-
maa, rom xalxi aq eziara axal religiaso, aq gaiges axali religiis Sesaxebo. Suaseri,
romelic gadaWril goras hgavs, zadengorasa da arals Suaa. dRes aq eklesiaa, romel-
sac meSurneTs eZaxian. sofelsac ase rqmevia.

1 Tu devi berZeniSvilis mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom udis naeklesiari `SuSan qala~ sosangeTs anu
awyuris Zvel saxels ukavSirdeba, sworia, maSin, SesaZloa, sofeli udec, garkveulwilad, mociqulis
tradiciul marSrutSi aRmoCndes.
547
 devi berZeniSvili dRiurebSi miuTiTebs, rom SavSeTSi eqspediciis dros sofel
ardiawmidaSi (andriawmindaSi) mivida. es mTis sazafxulo sofelia mesaqonleTaTvis.
saintereso isaa, rom soflis SesasvlelTan gziT gadaWrili gorakia, sadac Zveli da
axali saflavebi yofila. `amboben, aqve iyo `ziaraTi~, romelic oqrosmaZieblebma ga-
daTxareso~. mkvlevari cota qvemoT aRniSnavs, rom am mxareSi (tao-klarjeTSi) qris-
tianuli eklesiis nangrevs da saerTod, salocavs `ziaraTs~ eZaxian 1. naeklesiars, sa-
locavis adgils qarTvelebi saingiloSic ziaraTs eZaxian 2. rogorc Cans, mociqulis
samcxeSi qadagebis adgili ziareTigverdic raRac salocavTan iyo dakavSirebuli.
meSurneTis eklesia, faqtobrivad, mdebareobs sofel aralSi Sesasvlel gzaze,
romelic meSurneTis nasoflarsa da zemo farexas nasoflars Soris gadis. meSurneTis
eklesia da zemo farexaSi mdebare wm. andrias naeklesiari garkveuli kuTxiT erTma-
neTsac uyurebs. ratom meSurneTi? Cven zustad ver gavarkvieT, Tu ratom erqva sofels
es saxeli. Tumca ki vfiqrobT, xom ar SeiZleba meSurneTi ukavSirdebodes wm. svimon
kananels saxels, romelic, mataTasTan erTad, Tan axlda samcxeSi misul wm. andrias?
wm. svimoni xom swored moSurned moixsenieba axali aRTqmis wignebSi 3.
rogorc iTqva, meSurneTidan wm. andria sofel aralSi Sevida. aq moTxrobili am-
bavi werilobiT wyaroSi ar dasturdeba. ambavs, romelic Cven CaviwereT, aSkarad aklia
garkveuli Sinaarsobrivi bmebi, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, dakarguli Cans.
devi berZeniSvilis mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom udis naeklesiari `SuSan qa-
la~, SesaZloa, sosangeTs, awyuris Zvel saxels ukavSirdebodes, jerjerobiT, raime mo-
nacemebiT ar dasturdeba. xalxSi daculi ambavi naeklesiars qmris sulis saoxad age-
bul taZarsa da mtrisgan am kuTxis aoxrebas ukavSirebs.
sofel andriawmindasTan dakavSirebuli gadmocemebis, ufro zustad ki, devi ber-
ZeniSvilis mier gamoqveynebuli da Cvens mier 2010 wels mopovebuli masalebis Sejere-
ba aCvenebs, rom didaWaridan wamosuli mociquli pirdapir sofel andriawmindaSi mivi-
da, iqadaga da saswaulebi moaxdina. erT-erTi saswaulis aRsrulebisas igi, sikvdiliT
dasjis nacvlad, gaaTavisufles. mis saxelze aRmarTes eklesia da didmarxvaSi daa-
weses misi saxelobis dResaswauli, romelic didmarxvis mexuTe xuTSabaTs aRiniSneba.
aq gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivi gveCveneba is faqti, rom am dRes mxolod sofeli an-
driawminda moixseniebs micvalebulebs da mxolod misi mosaxeloba gadis saflavebze.
mTxroblebis TqmiT, isini aRdgomis orSabaTis nacvlad, am dRes gadian saflavebze.
aseve niSandoblivi gveCveneba xalxSi jer kidev SemorCenili ambavi, romlis mixedvi-
Tac andria mociquli awames sxvagan, sxva qveyanaSi, magram misi xeli da fexi moabrZa-
nes sofel andriawmindaSi. xom ar SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom didmarxvis xuTSabaTi so-
felSi ara Tavad wm. andrias misvlis, aramed misi wminda nawilebis mobrZanebis Ta-
riRs warmoadgens da rogorc eklesiis ageba, ise micvalebulebis moxseniebis am dRes
daweseba mowamebrivad aRsrulebuli mociqulis wminda nawilebs ukavSirdeba? am kon-
teqstSi, sainteresoa, rom soflis mTavar salocavad da dResaswaulad xalxi ara wm.
andrias saxelobis taZars da didmarxvis xuTSabaTs, aramed sofelTan arsebul wm. el-
ias saxelobis salocavsa da mis dResaswauls _ 2 agvistos asaxelebs. amasTanave, Se-
morCenilia soflis Zveli saxelwodebac _ satalao. Tu rodis SeiZleba moebrZanebi-
naT wminda nawilebi, amis Tqma, Znelia.
andrioba sofel andriawmindaSi didmarxvis mexuTe xuTSabaTs imarTeba. marTlma-
didebeli eklesia andria kritelis sinanulis did kanons didmarxvis mexuTe xuTSa-
baTs, erTi msaxurebis ganmavlobaSi, srulad kiTxulobs. aseTi ram weliwadSi erTxel
xdeba. aseve ikiTxeba mariam egviptelis kanonic. aqedan gamomdinare, am dRis liturgias

1 iqve, gv. 75, 107.

2 n. RambaSiZe, dedofliswyaros 2014 wlis savele eTnografiuli eqspediciis dRiuri, xelnaweri.
3 wm. svimoni or SemTxvevaSi moixsenieba `moSurned~ (luka 6,15; saqme moc. 1,13), or sxva SemTxvevaSi ki _
`kananelad~ (maTe 10,4; markozi 3,18). `moSurnis~ berZnuli Sesatyvisia `ziloti~ rac, TargmanSi, `mgzne-
bare moswrafes~, `Tavgamodebuls~, `gulmodgine damcvels~ niSnavs. sityva `kananeli~ arameulia (`kan-an~;
mr. r. `kan-naim~) da `moSurnes~ niSnavs. `kan-naim~ anu `moSurneni~ ebraelTa erT-erTi sarwmunoebrivi
dajgufebis wevrebs ewodebodaT. Cans, wm. svimoni, sanam qristes Seudgeboda, am partiis wevri iyo (e.
koWlamazaSvili, simon kananelis zedwodebis ganmartebisaTvis, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari 2005
wlisTvis, naTlismcemlis weliwdeuli, (Tbilisi, 2004), gv. 396-397).
548
andrias da mariam egviptelis daujdomels uwodeben. am dRes andria kritelisa da
mariam magdalinelis kanonis kiTxva VI msoflio krebis periodSia dadgenili 1.
imis gamo, rom awyurSi demografiuli suraTi mTlianad Secvlilia, werilobiT
wyaroSi asaxuli istoria aq aRar dasturdeba. Tumca, arqeologiuri monacemebi awyur-
Si wm. andrias qadagebis SesaZleblobasa da zadengoraze sakulto obieqtis arsebobas
adasturebs.
dasasrul, daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTsa da sxva wyaroebSi dadasturebuli epizodebi wm.
andria pirvelwodebulis mesxeTSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, rac maTSi met-naklebi sisru-
liTaa asaxuli, exeba mociqulis rkinis jvridan, zekaris uReltexilidan da oZra-
xedan Semosvlis ambavs, zadenze kerpis daqcevis faqtsa da gansakuTrebiT, wm. andrias
mier awyurSi aRsrulebul saswaulebs, agreTve, mociqulis mier awyurSi RvTismSob-
lis xatis dabrZanebis ambavs. aq arafers vambobT im gadmocemaze, romelic wm. andrias
mier anCis xatis mobrZanebis ambavs mogviTxrobs da romelic, faqtobrivad, erTaderT,
wyaroSi gvxvdeba.
Cvens mier 2010 da 2013 wlebSi Segrovili eTnografiuli masalebiT jer kidev das-
turdeba gadmocema, rom samcxeSi Semosuli wm. andria zekaridan, oZraxe/abasTumnis
gavliT, zadengoraze moxvda da aq zadenis kerpi daamxo. sagulisxmoa, rom am ambebis
Sesaxeb eTnografiuli masala werilobiTi wyaroebisagan gansxvavebul damatebiT masa-
las iZleva. rac Seexeba werilobiT wyaroebSi asaxul ambebs mociqulis awyurSi yof-
nisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, isini eTnografiul sinamdvileSi aRar Canan.
2. istoriul-geografiuli kvlevis mixedviT, rogorc ukve iTqva zemoT, samcxeSi
Semosulma wm. andriam Semdegi gza gaiara: zekaris uReltexili/rkinis jvari _ oZraxis
xevi – oZrxe/oZraxe (abasTumani) – zadengora (aq ori sofeli iyo: zadeni da gora), ro-
melic sofel benaras Tavze mdebareobs _ sosangeTi/awyuri. amasTan, devi berZeniSvili
iSveliebs xalxur gadmocemas, romelic mdinare uravliswylis marcxena napirze mde-
bare sofel andriawmindasTanaa dakavSirebuli da aRniSnavs, rom am gadmocemis Tanax-
mad, mociqulma zadengoridan mdinare focxovs gauyva da andriawmindaSi mivida, aqedan
ki, kvalTaxevis da orfolas gavliT, awyurSi mivida.
xalxuri gadmocema mociqulis samcxeSi Semosvlisa da mogzaurobis marSruts na-
wilobriv emTxveva: zekari/rkinis jvari – oZraxe/abasTumani – zadengora – gadmocemise-
uli sofeli andriawminda _ awyuri. meore mxriv, xalxuri gadmocemis marSruti isto-
riul-geografiuli marSrutisagan Semdegi punqtebiT sxvaobs: ziareTigverdi – Suase-
ri/meSurneTi – arali – SesaZloa, ude – xerxemis cixe – axalcixis winubani _ bieTis
taZari – wyorZasTan mdebare berdikaT ubani (baiebi) – sofeli andriawminda/satalao.
zadengoraze Catarebuli arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Sedegebi da monacemebi adas-
tureben andria mociqulis xsenebul punqtSi qadagebasTan dakavSirebul, jer kidev
xalxSi SemorCenil, eTnografiul masalas.
CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli eTnografiuli masala, romelic we-
rilobiT wyaroebSi daculi cnobebisagan gansxvavdeba, Semdegia: a) wm. andrias mier
ziareTi gverdidan qadageba da locva; da b) aralSi kerpis damxoba, agreTve, imave ar-
alSi didi warmarTuli taZrisa furirmis eklesiis arseboba. marTalia, am istorias
garkveuli Sinaarsobrivi bmebi da Txrobis logika aklia, magram igi wm. andrias qada-
gebis konteqstSi ganixileba da amitom SesaZlebelia, masTan yofiliyo dakavSirebuli.
sofel andriawmindaSi fiqsirdeba damatebiTi masala, saidanac, sxva detalebTan er-
Tad, irkveva, rom sxvagan nawamebi da aRsrulebuli mociqulis wminda nawilebi, ufro
zustad ki, xeli da fexi, miitanes andriawmindaSi, sadac wmidanis saxelobis eklesia
daarses. rac mTavaria, sofel andriawmindaSi fiqsirdeba mxolod am soflisTvis dama-
xasiaTebeli dResaswauli, romelic wm. andrias sofelSi mosvlas da micvalebulTa
moxseniebas erTdroulad ukavSirdeba. Tavis mxriv, am dRes micvalebulTa moxsenieba
didmarxvis orSabaTs saflavebze gasvlis tolfasia. Sesabamisad, sofeli micvalebu-
lebis saflavebze ara aRdgomis orSabaTs, aramed didmarxvis mexuTe xuTSabaTs gadis.
wm. andrias marSrutis im monakveTze, romelic ziareTi gverdsa da sofel arals
Soris mdebareobs, gvxvdeba adgili, romelsac xalxi Suasers uwodebs da sadac, e.w.
moSurneTis ganaxlebuli eklesia da nasoflari mdebareobs. sofel aralSi Sesasvlel

1 Булгаков С. В., Настольная книга для священно-церковно-служителей (Москва, 1993), сс.578, 562-563.
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meore gzas gadahyurebs nasoflari zemo farexa, sadac wm. andrias saxelobis naekle-
siaria. am naeklesiarSi, romelsac mTxrobeli nasoflarad moixseniebs, kaTolikuri
aRmsareblobis mqone mosaxleobas xatebi aqvs dabrZanebuli. Tavad moSurneTis eklesi-
ac kaTolikuradaa gadakeTebuli. faqtobrivad, gamodis, rom am or nasoflars SuaSi
Caudis gza, romelic sofeli aralisaken da zemoT, sofeli udisaken miemarTeba. Sesa-
bamisad, rodesac piriT gzisaken vdgevarT, Cvengan marjvniv meSurneT/moSurneTia, xo-
lo marcxniv _ zemo farexa, wm. andrias eklesiiT. werilobiTi wyaros mixedviT, wm. an-
drias mesxeTSi, sxva mociqulebTan erTad, svimon kananelic axlda. xom ar SeiZleba
vifiqroT, rom meSurneT/moSurneTis eklesia wm. simonis saxelobis iyo? vfiqrobT, rom
am ori nasoflaris arqeologiuri Seswavla Zalian saintereso iqneba.
sofel udis `SuSan qalas~ saxelwodeba, SesaZloa, garkveuli saxiT sosangeTs/susan-
geTs ukavSirdebodes, magram xalxuri gadmocema amis Sesaxeb arafers ambobs. xalxur
gadmocemaSi mxolod qvrivis mier qmris sulis saoxad taZris agebis, am kuTxis avbedobis,
misi mtrisgan gaveranebisa da xelaxlad aRdgenis istoria Cans. Tavad SuSanad wodebuli
qvrivi SeZlebuli qali unda yofiliyo, radgan man eklesiis ageba SeZlo.
wm. andrias saxelTan dakavSirebuli zemoT ganxiluli gadmocemebi, maTi daTari-
Rebis saSualebas ar iZleva (erTgvar gamonakliss warmoadgens `SuSan qalasa~ Tu `Su-
San qalaqis~ Sesaxeb arsebuli gadmocemebi, romlebic murvan yrusa da Temur-lengis
laSqrobebs ukavSirdeba). Sesabamisad, xalxuri gadmocemebidan ar dgindeba, Tu ra
dros iyo agebuli wm. andrias saxelTan dakavSirebuli eklesiebi. garda amisa, xalxu-
ri gadmocemebidan arc is Cans, Tu rodis da ratom Sewyvites arseboba wm. andrias am
taZrebis mimdebare soflebma, romlebmac Cvenamde nasoflarebis saxiT moaRwies.

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tianoba Cvens cxovrebaSi: warsuli, awmyo, momavali~, moxsenebaTa mokle Sinaarsebi,
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 NINO GHAMBASHIDZE
Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology,
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Universitety

MISSION OF ST. ANDREW DISCIPLE IN SAMTSKHE

ACCORDING TO GEORGIAN FOLK TRADITION

The given article is based on the ethnographic materials we gathered in 2010, 2013 during our field works in
Akhaltsikhe – Adigeni regions. Methodologically we decided to compare data of our field works, which are pre-
served in folk tradition with historical chronicle Kartlis Tskhovreba, the achievements of modern studies in the old
Georgian literature, archeology and historical geography.
According to ethnographical material, that fallows the chronicle, archeological and of historical geography-
data, St. Andrew came to Meskheti from Zekari pass to Odzrakhe, now Abastumani, passed it, found himself in
Zadengora where there was an idol of Zadeni and overthrew it. Folk story gave us additional material, mainly how
St. Andrew overthrew the idol and what has happened. How he preached and prayed from Ziaretigverdi, the story
of Irmis Eklesia (Church of dear) – pagan temple, about the festival of village Andriatsminda (Holy Andrew) etc.
Folk tradition gives us additional geographic points of St. Andrew’s missionary route in Meskheti.
In Samtskhe there is a village Andriatsminda (Holy Andrew) where even today is preserved a story how St.
Andrew preached there and what has happened to him. There is a unique local festival dedicated to St. Andrew, the
feast day of which is the fifth Thursday of the Lent. This day is unique all over Georgia also, because the villagers
go to the cemetery on this very day instead of Easter Monday or Easter. They also pray at the village church named
after St. Andrew in this very day which is the village church festival as well. Also, according to our hypothesis
based on ethnographic materials the mentioned village should have been one of the places where St. Andrew’s
relics were brought.

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