Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Core values are principles which dictate behavior and can help people understand the
difference between right and wrong. This is essential for an individual to ‘create value’, to signal
the ethical values that are to characterize an organization; and to serve as support for individuals
within an organization to refer to or act in accordance with in every day dealings. In contrary, the
absence of core values in school may lead to behavior issues that interfere with teaching and
America’s Teachers on the Teaching Profession (2016), states that having the low level of
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of core values had caused an increase in the level of behavior
problems across grade levels: 68 percent of elementary teachers, 64 percent of middle school
Disrespectful acts upon students are highly visible, in which a University of the East student
earned the ire of netizens after he was seen in a viral video using the Philippine flag to mop the
floor. As it is stated, any act of disrespect to the flag is prohibited under Republic Act No. 8491 or
“Act Prescribing the Code of the National Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and Other Heraldic
Items and Devices of the Philippines.” As a result of this unlawful act, the student was then
Even in the local area, disrespecting people with low standard appeal is highly observable.
Students tend to be deaf like when a school guard said not to go out, students will overpass the
power of the guard, and in other situation, students are even laughing when a teacher speaks wrong
pronunciations. Private and public institutions commit disrespect, due to the standard of the one
The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of the level of KAP of Core Values
among the LNHS' students, because there have been a lot of cases of disrespecting upon students,
which only indicates that they do not absorb the essence of core values being taught to them by
the school. Students should look unto the values as rules or guidelines, for they spend more time
The major points that form the logical structure of this study were encapsulated in the
following question.
Gender/sex
Domicile
2.) What is the level of Knowledge of students regarding the Integrity, teamwork, equality,
3.) What is the level of Attitude of students towards the Integrity, teamwork, equality,
4.) What is the level of Practice of students regarding the Integrity, teamwork, equality,
5.) What is the relationship between the demographic profile and KAP?
The students, to gain understanding regarding the relationship of knowledge, attitude, and
practice to core values. By doing so, they can apply the essential benefits of having core values
The school personnel, to guide their students in practicing the core values of the school, and
to help personnel do more methods on how to fully equip the core values of the school
The administration. To be aware in how students should act to the school's core values, and
The guidance counselor. To deal with the student’s attitude and give attentive counseling
The public, to be aware on the importance of core values in their daily lives, that always be
The future researchers, this will serve as a guide for them as well as a basis of conduct in
The study was conducted to determine the KAP Level of Core Values among Lagao National
High School students, its correlation to the demographic profile and their perception to the KAP
of their School. The participants of the study are only limited to the bona fide student of Lagao
National High School with 16 years of age and above. The data gathering will be done using
convergent method and triangulation will also be practiced. Data will be gathered during the
second week of October 2018. The study determines the correlation of the KAP Level of the Core
Values to student's demographic profile and the perception to their school’s KAP.
Definition of Terms
particularly in observing and maintaining the core values of the school: Integrity, teamwork,
Attitude. The desired behavior of a student, regarding the core values implemented by the school
Practice. The habit of acting and applying the core values of the school in any situation.
Core Values. The school's implemented values specifically the Integrity, teamwork, equality,
Theoretical Framework
Behavior
The study is anchoring the behavior and experience theory of Alfred Adler (1902: Boere
2006), in which he postulates a single "drive" or motivating force behind all our behavior and
experience. By the time his theory had gelled into its most mature form, he called that motivating
force the striving for perfection. It is the desire we all have to fulfill our potentials, to come closer
and closer to our ideal. It is, as many of you will already see, very similar to the more popular idea
of self-actualization.
"Perfection" and "ideal" are troublesome words, though. On the one hand, they are very
positive goals. Shouldn't we all be striving for the ideal? And yet, in psychology, they are often
given a rather negative connotation. Perfection and ideals are, practically by definition, things you
can't reach. Many people, in fact, live very sad and painful lives trying to be perfect! As you will
see, other theorists, like Karen Horney and Carl Rogers, emphasize this problem. Adler talks about
it, too. But he sees this negative kind of idealism as a perversion of the more positive
Striving for perfection was not the first phrase Adler used to refer to his single motivating
force. His earliest phrase was the aggression drive, referring to the reaction we have when other
drives, such as our need to eat, be sexually satisfied, get things done, or be loved, are frustrated. It
might be better called the assertiveness drive, since we tend to think of aggression as physical and
negative. But it was Adler's idea of the aggression drive that first caused friction between him and
Freud. Freud was afraid that it would detract from the crucial position of the sex drive in
psychoanalytic theory. Despite Freud's dislike for the idea, he himself introduced something very
Life style
A lot of this playing with words reflects Adler's groping towards a really different kind of
personality theory than that represented by Freud's. Freud's theory was what we nowadays would
call a reductionist one: He tried most of his life to get the concepts down to the physiological level.
Although he admitted failure in the end, life is nevertheless explained in terms of basic
physiological needs. In addition, Freud tended to "carve up" the person into smaller theoretical
Adler was influenced by the writings of Jan Smuts, the South African philosopher and
statesman. Smuts felt that, in order to understand people, we have to understand them more as
unified wholes than as a collection of bits and pieces, and we have to understand them in the
context of their environment, both physical and social. This approach is called holism, and Adler
First, to reflect the idea that we should see people as wholes rather than parts, he decided to
label his approach to psychology individual psychology. The word individual means literally "un-
divided."
Second, instead of talking about a person's personality, with the traditional sense of internal
traits, structures, dynamics, conflicts, and so on, he preferred to talk about style of life (nowadays,
"lifestyle"). Life style refers to how you live your life, how you handle problems and interpersonal
relations. Here's what he himself had to say about it: "The style of life of a tree is the individuality
of a tree expressing itself and molding itself in an environment. We recognize a style when we see
it against a background of an environment different from what we expect, for then we realize that
every tree has a life pattern and is not merely a mechanical reaction to the environment (George
Boers, 2006).
Demographic Knowledge,
Profile Attitude and
Practice.
Core Values
Social Scientist have made many attempts to describe what are core values and how it
affects people's lives. (Vuuren, 2008). Core values are related more to what an individual want to
be and it can be used for a decisive rule of conduct or line of action. Core values are qualities that
priorities, deeply held beliefs, and core, fundamental driving forces or stand as motivation factor.
General Santos Doctor’s Medical School Foundation Inc. establish core values as it aims to
become one of the leading schools in SOCSKSARGEN Growth Area. Core Value is a central
belief clearly understood and shared by every member of the school community. We believe in
Each of the ten basic values can be characterized by describing is central motivational goal:
Integrity, is a term used to describe a person's level of honesty, moral commitments, and
willingness to do what's right to friends, colleagues, teachers and the school. Teamwork means,
being able to work collaboratively with others in a group. For students to achieve a comprehensive,
well-rounded education, integrated teamwork on several fronts is vital. Equality, is the idea of
promoting and accepting the differences between people. Specifically, it’s about ensuring
individuals are treated fairly and equally, no matter their race, gender, age, disability, religion or
acceptable/ unacceptable task. Understanding this crucial concept will help students take
responsibility for their actions. Commitment, students willing to support and care for those who
need help, keeping the school rules, and shows loyalty to friends, colleagues, teachers, and the
school. Humility we mean, Humility is about being modest, respectful and putting others before
yourself. It is not calling attention to yourself or being rude. It is about gratitude. In what they
really do, thus this say that two variables have different concept.
Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Survey
Knowledge Attitude Practice surveys were first developed in the 1950s. The Knowledge
Attitude Practice studies are more cost-effective and conserve resources more than other social
research methods, because they are tightly focused and limited in scope (Eckman & Walker, 2008).
KAP surveys are now a widely used methodology for studying human behavior.
KAP survey means Knowledge, Attitude and Practices. To properly carry out this type of
survey it is important to establish a basic premise and provide definitions for each word.
Knowledge is the capacity to acquire, retain and use information; a mixture of comprehension,
experience, discernment and skill. Human faculty resulting from interpreted information;
understanding that germinates from combination of data, information, experience, and individual
interpretation. Variously defined as, “things that are held to be true in a given context and that
drive us to action if there were no impediments (Andre Boudreau). Next is Attitude, refers to
inclinations to react in a certain way to certain situation; to see and interpret events according to
certain predispositions; or to organize opinions into coherent and interrelated structure. There are
four major components of Attitude are; (1) Affective: emotions or feelings, (2) Cognitive: belief
or opinions held consciously, (3) Conative: inclination for action, (4) Evaluative: positive or
negative response to stimuli. And the last is Practice, is “practical acting” or “a certain kind of
the application of rules and knowledge that leads to action. Good practice is an art that is linked to
Stephen Lynch found several complicated academic definitions of "Core Values" but he
defined it simply as the behaviors you expect from your people. Core Values are clear statements
of how you expect people in your company to act (Lynch, 2014). this shows an interrelation
between the core values and social learning theory by Bandura, Social Learning Theory postulated
that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through
presents the theory wherein 522 third year and fourth year students of all the colleges showed that
the students are aware of the five core values. They also indicated that they practice these core
values in their day to day activities. The student’s awareness and adherence to the Core Values is
due to the vital role of teachers by inculcating the core values to them. (Genorga,
Also as Social cognitive theory (SCT) (Bandura 1986, 1997, 2001 as cited in Glanz at el.,
2008) postulated a complex global theory of behavioral change. Determinants of health behavior
are described by the key elements of reciprocal determination, observational learning, outcome
expectancy, and self-efficacy (Baranowski, Perry, & Parcel, 2002) The theory postulates that
change results from the interactions between individuals and their environments as a reciprocal
process (Baranowski et al., 2002). Observational learning is the capacity to learn from observing
the behavior of others (Baranowski et al., 2009). Thus attitude may change through social
In recent years have seen a growing body of research that links values to behaviors in a
variety of life domains. To date, relatively little is known about the mechanisms through which
values predict behavior. (Sagiv, 2017). A study applied the theory of planned behavior to explore
the factors that influence an individual engage in pro-environmental behavior. (Perez, 2017) The
planned behavior theory links one's beliefs and behavior. It has been applied to studies of the
relations among beliefs, attitudes, intentions. The theory states that attitude toward behavior,
subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an individual's behavioral
A study identifies and compares the core values of 16 contemporary excellence models,
the study found the integration of excellence models will lead to a success and prosperity for all
stakeholders. By and large, the focus of core values in EMs is similar. Human values emphasize
the purity of the means and their adoption enhances stakeholders' loyalty. Core values will become
more effective if they emanate from human values. The comparative study provides a new
perspective for the integration of core values of EMs with human values. It is useful for enhancing
Adams & Pierce (2008) in their study on 'Attitudes of pre-service and experienced teachers
toward diverse learners' observed that" [the] knowledge teachers have gained from their own
experiences as students shapes their attitudes towards teaching and learning. Attitudes influence
behavior, although the extent of the influence depends on how both attitude and behavior are
Numerous studies had been conducted to find out the relationship between knowledge,
attitudes and values (Demant & Yates, 2003; Handal, 2003; Adams & Chigeda, 2008) Among
others these have conducted studies and written papers on how these three knowledge, attitude and
practice are related. Demant and Yates (2003), in their study on primary teachers' attitudes towards
direct instruction (a term describing a pattern or style of teaching) found a stronger correlation
between teacher’s knowledge of the components of direct instruction and their attitudes to towards
the method. The attitudes were measured using a seven point Likert scale and Knowledge in the
study was measured using a 20 item checklist. The study found a significant relationship between
knowledge and attitudes however, it did not indicate whether the positive attitude translated into
practice or not. If knowledge and attitude does not inform practice, then they will be less imprint.
Adams & Pierce (2008) in their study on 'Attitudes of pre-service and experienced teachers
toward diverse learners' observed that" [the] knowledge teachers have gained from their own
experiences as students shapes their attitudes towards teaching and learning. Attitudes influence
behavior, although the extent of the influence depends on how both attitude and behavior are
defined and measured”. In the study they found that teachers had positive attitudes towards diverse
learners. However, they argued that it does not always follow that a positive attitude would imply
good practice in class: ''lt would be naive to assume teacher attitude is the only factor that
It is important to note that attitude partly explains behavior because it is but one of the many
factors influencing practice. In their study, Williams (2011) The study indicates that there is a
relationship between knowledge attitudes, and practice. However, this relationship is limited due
to other mediating factors which make it impossible to assume a one to one relationship.
Methodologically the discussion gives a picture of the basic factors that will limit the conduction
wherein it asserts that behavior is not the result of some global personality trait; instead, it arises
from individual's perceptions of themselves in a particular situation. Thus knowledge about the
certain issue can influence the trait of a person. The knowledge attitude and practice can affect the
behavior of a person and how a person interacts with the environment. (Shoda: 1995; Bano: 2013)
A review of KAP studies involving the Knowledge Attitude Practice level of student's
core values. The studies aim to assess scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice as well as the
The literature of behavioral sciences is replete with both theoretical assumptions and
interpretations of empirical data that have provided an ample proof that sex-roles observed
differences in the behaviors, attitudes and traits of males and females. (Daedalus, 1987: Torres,
2012).
A study by Glanz (2010) compares the values, attitudes, and behaviors of a rural sample
and an urban sample, measured by means of three scale, the results indicate high levels of
comparing the two samples it was found that those living in cities assume a larger number of
environmental responsibility values but show less pro-environmental orientation when the attitude
and behavioral intention scales are used. People living in the rural context present more attitudes
General studies using Knowledge Attitude Practice survey methodology assume that
knowledge and attitude are related and that knowledge and attitude affect preventive practice are
cross sectional and descriptive; hence they do not enable researchers to generate any causal
inferences.
knowledge affects attitude and consequently changes the lifestyle of a person. The study shows
the differences of the participant's lifestyle with a correlation to their knowledge and attitude. A
person with a great level of knowledge possess a greater kind of lifestyle than the other one,
The planned behavior theory links one's beliefs and behavior. It has been applied to studies
of the relations among beliefs, attitudes, intentions. The theory postulated that attitude toward
behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an individual's
behavioral intentions and behaviors. This shows an interrelation between the core values and the
attitude. Acquiring knowledge about core values will be a path that will enable an individual to
Some studies argued against the other findings that there is a limited relationship between
attitude and practice due to methodological issues and mediating factors that will affect the result.
It is therefore necessary to explore how knowledge and attitude influence practice. (Chigeda, 2009)
Synthesis
In understanding the core values according to related literatures are fundamental driving force
that an individual should practice. The knowledge level of an individual can affect its attitude on
applying the core values. The Knowledge Attitude Practice Level is an affecting factor of
committing the core values established by a particular organization for its members. The cognitive-
affective-behavior theory shows the great proof that knowledge will become a factor for an
This study aims to extent the ideas and information to the students, help them more go
understand and outspread their knowledge, develop a better attitude towards the school's core
values and to help the future researchers who plan to measure the knowledge, attitude and practice
of the students towards this institution's core values. This study may help future researchers to
determine more of the individual's level of knowledge, attitude and practice and how an individual
gives significance to the institution's core values correlating to their demographic profile.
Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter defines the research methods used to conduct the study. The researchers
explained the necessary data and information to address the research objectives. Reasons and
justification for the research design, research instruments, data sources, data collection techniques,
The researcher utilized a quantitative correlation research design. A quantitative study was
to determine the relationship between one thing [an independent variable] and another [a dependent or
outcome variable] within a population (Babbie, 2010). It focuses on gathering numerical data and
generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon. The research design
applied was descriptive method subjects usually measured once, which focuses on how the students
deal with their capabilities in following the core values of the school. The goal was to analyze the
meaning behind such perspectives and factors. This study primarily utilized survey structured
questionnaires. Main sources of information come from closed-ended survey questionnaire, related
The study’s main objective was to present the level of KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, and
Practice) of the core values among the students of GSDMSFI. The research laid the groundwork for
Research Locale:
LNHS
General Santos City
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in LNHS, which is located at Aparente Street, San Isidro,
General Santos City, Region XII – SOCCSKSARGEN, Philippines. Lagao National High School
(LNHS) is a public secondary school in General Santos City, South Cotabato. It provides high
school education to both junior and senior high students. Currently, its senior high school
department offers strands under the Academic and Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) tracks.
This academic institution is duly recognized by the country's Department of Education (DepEd).
General Santos City was a highly urbanized city in the region which posted a population
of 594 thousand based on the 2015 census of population of Philippine Statistics Authority. It was
situated in the southern part of the country in the province of South Cotabato. The location of the
school is presented through a map shown in the appendix of the research paper. This would help
The researchers adapt a quota sampling technique in conducting the research study. Quota
Sampling is the nonprobability equivalent of stratified sampling. Like stratified sampling, the
researcher first identifies the stratums and their proportions as they are represented in the
population. Then convenience or judgment sampling is used to select the required number of
subjects from each stratum. This differs from stratified sampling, where the stratums are filled by
random sampling. Quota sampling can also be used at times when detailed accuracy was not
Research Instrument
The researcher will design a close-ended survey questionnaire and a semi structured
questionnaire that will be validated by experts. The questionnaire is entitled “ The Level of
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards the School’s Core Values”. It contains questions that
answers the research questions and it measures the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the
students towards their core values. The researcher will also conduct a face-to-face interview
with the first 30 respondents. The answers were recorded in a mobile device, transcripted,
and were utilized for the qualitative data of the study. Its purpose was to determined the
correlation between the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the students towards their
core values with their demographic profile. The participants will fill in questions regarding their
sex and domicile. The participants will then choose the correct answers regarding to the specific
questions. The questionnaire will be categorized into three. The first one answers to the knowledge
of the students towards their core values, the second answers to their attitude, and the third one
Bioethical Consideration
The research will be conducted by using a consent form to get the permission of the
participants to join the study then the introduction to the purpose of the study was followed before
handing the research questionnaire. The assurance of their rights to back out before or during the
research was granted without any penalty was be stated there. The researchers respect the rights of
the informants to self-determination. The researchers assured not to harm the participants in any
way during the research and was sure to treat all the informants fairly. The researchers have
selected participants randomly to maximize the truthfulness of the data. The preservation of the
First, the researchers got the population sample using Slovin’s formula. Then, a structured
questionnaire measuring the level of knowledge, attitude and practice was developed by the
researchers. After which, a face validation, and content validity ratio (CVR) will be done by a
psychometrician and two master’s degree holders’ experts. The researcher will do a pilot test with
the validated questionnaires using 30 participants. The data gathered from the test and the
questions was brought to a statistician for checking. After all the errors have been omitted, the
researcher will finally gather their data for the said study.