CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter comprises of the presentation, analysis and discussion of the data

collected by the researchers.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of age, civil status, educational

attainment, income level, and household.

Table 1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the profile

variables as to age, civil status, educational attainment, income level, and

household.

Table 1.1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution Table of the Study Participants’ Profile

as to Age

___________________________________________________________

Variable (Age) Frequency Percentage

_______________________________________________________________________

43-45 1 2.5%

38-42 10 25%

33-37 12 30%

28-32 4 10%

23-27 8 20%

18-22 5 12.5%

N=40 Total=100%
________________________________________________________________________
 As shown in table 1.1, there are 12.5% of study participants from

ages 18-22, followed by 20% from ages 23-27, 10% from ages 28-32, 30%

from ages 33-37, 25% from ages 38-42 and 2.5% from ages 43-45. The

behavioral responses to COVID-19 varied by age, and the changes by age

over time were dependent on the types of behaviors. When the pandemic

first spread out, older people were no different than younger people in

terms of adopting protective personal habits. As the pandemic advanced,

older people soon began to participate in COVID-19 infection prevention

behaviors. This suggests that older people would be more cautious and

adhere to suggested health practices. Other research found that in the

COVID-19 pandemic scenario, older people were more likely to participate

in personal safe habits, extending previous experience. Older people may

have realized that they are more vulnerable to the virus's negative effects

and have felt a greater need to practice better hygiene, quarantine, and

social distancing. This knowledge may have been rapidly absorbed after

the pandemic began, and daily rises in infections and deaths were

registered, allowing for a large part of the behavioral response to be

observed. (Kim & Crimmins, 2020). This is affirmed by the results of this

study, which indicate that majority (30%) of the study participants belong to

the age group of 33-37 years old.

 Table 1.2

SINGLE (16) 40.0%

MARRIED (20) 60.0%

WIDOWER (4) 10.0%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

Frequency and Percentage Distribution Table of the Study Participants’

Profile as to Civil Status

As shown in table 1.2, there are 60% of study participants who are Single, followed

by 40% who are Married, and 10% who are a Widower. The aim of understanding the

fundamentals of COVID-19 prevention and control is implementation in practice, which

means being able to properly take preventive steps, control the source of infection, cut

off the transmission path, and protect vulnerable groups. Awareness, attitude,

profession, civil status, education level, and place of residence were the key factors

influencing the public's protective conduct, according to the results of multiple linear
regression analysis. Marital/civil status had an impact on KAP. Unmarried, divorced, or

widowed people had a greater grasp of knowledge, more involved protective attitudes,

and higher adherence rates to protective behaviors than married people. This may be

because, in addition to self-defense, married people have the duty of caring for their

families. As a result, they are more likely to think about security, have a more optimistic

outlook, and take effective preventive measures (Gao et al., 2020). This is proven by

the results of this study, which indicate that majority (30%) of the study participants

belong to the age group of 33-37 years old.

Table 1.3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution Table of the Study Participants’

Profile as to Educational Attainment

Elementary (14) 35.0%

High School (23) 57.5%

College (3) 7.5%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%
 As shown in table 1.3, among the respondents 57.5% has been able to

graduate from high school while there is 35% of the total study participant which

has been able to graduate from elementary, only leaving a 7.5% of the jeepney

drivers graduating from college.

According to Lau et al (2020) higher levels of educational attainment is

associated with the greater knowledge regarding the COVID-19 transmission

routes. In the same study they have also found that a higher level of education is

also highly associated with the proper adaptation in regards of proper practices

regarding preventative measures towards the virus. A study which focused on the

knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents

also further proves the positive correlation of educational attainment in which they

found an association between the levels of education and COVID-19 knowledge

scores (Zhong et al, 2020). The need for health education for the pandemic could

lead to further enhancing the capabilities of a person to properly avoid the virus

through correct actions (Bautista Jr et al, 2020).

Table 1.4

Frequency and Percentage Distribution Table of the Study Participants’

 50-100 pesos (0) 0.0%

100-300 pesos (10) 25.0%

300-500 pesos (16) 40.0%

500-1000 pesos (14) 35.0%

1,000 pesos and more (0) 0.0%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

Profile as to Daily Income Level

As shown in table 1.4, majority of Filipino Jeepney drivers earn around 300-

500 pesos per day, which is 40% of the 40 respondents. Followed by 500-1000

pesos per day or 35%. Third is 100-300 pesos per day or 25%. None of the 40

respondents earn 50-100 pesos per day or more than 1,000 pesos per day. In

March of 2020, Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) in Metro Manila,

Philippines was imposed. Due to this quarantine, Filipinos have also encountered a

major effect on their household income. One of the most affected were the Filipino

Jeepney drivers. According to Lincoln et al (2020), Households in resource-poor

settings in the Philippines might not have access to regular and reliable sources of

information about disease etiology and prevention, leaving them ill-equipped to

minimize the risk of infection during emerging outbreaks. In this study, majority of

the Jeepney drivers earning 300-500 pesos daily which is at 45% are now left ill-

equipped in term of minimizing the risk of infection since they belong to the low-
income group which does not have access to regular and reliable sources of

information regarding disease prevention.

Table 1.5

Frequency and Percentage Distribution Table of the Study Participants’

Profile as to Household

1 family member (0) 0.0%

2-3 family members (10) 25.0%

4-5 family members (18) 45.0%

6-7 family members (8) 20.0%

8 or more family members (4) 10.0%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%
 As shown in table 1.5, majority of Filipino Jeepney drivers are part of 4-5

family members, which is 45% of the 40 respondents. Followed by 2-3 family

members, which is at 25%. 6-7 family members at 20%, and 8 or more family

members at 10%. None of the 40 respondents are part of the 1 family member,

which is at 0%. In low- and middle-income countries such as the Philippines, the

presence of the COVID-19 pandemic is raising important concerns about the

preparedness of health systems to address the disease as it continues to spread.

Health care facilities that were already overburdened before the pandemic are

becoming increasingly clear that adopting the measures employed by high-income

countries may not be feasible due to the overwhelming number of cases (Dela

Cruz, 2020). This is affirmed by the result of this study. 4-5 family members of the

Jeepney drivers or 45% are now left uncertain when it comes to measures

addressing the disease as it continues to spread.