Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MAY-2001
(REV.-0)
1
HEAT TREATMENT MANUAL
This Manual is compiled by Mr K S Rao (QA), Mr S P Ghiya (Inspection ) and Mr N M
Bodalia (M FS) Under the guidance of Mr P D Lohidakshan (Weld Engg & Prod Engg )
2
INDEX TOPIC
1 . INTRODUCTION ON HEAT TREATMENT
2 . FURNACE PARTS AND ATTACHMENTS 3. STD. OPERATING PROCEDURES(HFS)
PAGE NO.
4- 24
25- 37 38- 47
48- 56
57-69 70-74 75-88
102- 118
3
General
• Only qualified supervisors and operators including
LSR operators shall be authorised to operate furnace. • A list of qualified
personnel shall be prepared by QA
4
HEAT TREATMENT
• • • • WHAT IS HEAT TREATMENT ? WHY IS IT REQUIRED ? TYPES OF HEAT TREATMENT HEAT
TREATMENT AT HZW
5
WHAT IS HEAT TREATMENT
• MATERIALS TREATED BY APPLICATION OF HEAT NORMALLY DONE IN SOLID STATE • VARIOUS
SOURCES OF HEAT • PARAMETERS ARE HEATING RATE,SOAKING TEMP,SOAKING TIME,COOLING
RATE AND COOLING MEDIA
6
WHY IS IT REQUIRED ?
• TO ENHANCE MATERIAL PROPERTIES / EASE IN FABRICATION BY CHANGING –
Strength,Improve corrosion resistance – Toughness/Ductility – Hardness,Dimensional
stability etc – Remove diffusible hydrogen to avoid hydrogen cracking • CARRIED OUT
IN FABRICATION INDUSTRIES ,STEEL PLANTS, FOUNDRY, 7 FORGING SHOPS etc..
MATERIALS HEAT TREATED
• METALS & ALLOYS
– SINGLE PHASE – MULTIPHASE
• ALLOYS
– Single Phase : Copper Nickel – Multiphase : Steels-LAS,QT
10
TYPES OF HEAT TREATMENT
• • • • • • • NORMALIZING ANNEALING STRESS RELIEVING SOLUTION ANNEALING-Mainly SS
HARDENING TEMPERING AGING
11
IRON CARBON DIAGRAM
12
Iron Carbon Diagram
Portion related to Heat Treatment
13
NORMALIZING
• The steel is heated to 40° C above the upper critical temperature(910 ºc)
followed by cooling in the still air. Normalizing is done to achieve the
following : • To get Uniform structure and reduce chemical gradients • To change
Mechanical properties,
– UTS,YS – Hardness – Impact properties
14
ANNEALING
• In this process, the steel is heated from 10 to 50°C above the upper critical
temperature(910ºc) and held for the desired length of time; followed by very slow
cooling in the furnace
Annealing is done to achieve following :
• to soften the steel and improve ductility • to relieve internal stresses caused
by previous treatment 15
SOLUTION ANNEALING
In Stainless steels , it is heated to 1050°C or above ,and held for the desired
time; followed by quenching/blowing the air(cooling to room temperature within few
minutes). Solution annealing is done on stainless steel and non ferrous alloys to
achieve following: • To soften the material • To dissolve carbide precipitation
formed at grain boundaries during manufacturing process 16 • To improve Corrosion
Resistance
AGING
The Material is heated to a certain temperature, and held for the desired time;
followed by normally for precipitation hardened alloys or cooling in air Aging is
done on materials susceptible for aging characteristics : Maraging Steels •
Normally increase in strength • To Improve Toughness/Ductile-brittle transition
temp.
17
AGING
Maraging Steels
M250
• Temperature : 485 C • Normally 3 Hrs 15 mts • Heating Rate : 200 C per hr per
inch • Cooling Rate : Cool in Air / Quench in water
18
STRESS RELIEVING
The steel is heated to a temperature below or close to the lower critical point,
followed by desired rate of cooling and there is no change in grain structure.
Stress relieving is done to achieve following : • To reduce Internal Stresses
(residual Stresses) • To soften the steel partially • To improve ductile-brrittle
transition temp. and equalize impact values
19
STRESS RELIEVING
C-Mn , C-Mo , Cr-Mo (< 2% Cr)
• C - Mn Steels , C - Mo Steels,Cr-Mo Steels
– SA 515Gr 70 , SA204GrA, SA387GR11CL1
• Heating Rate : 200 C per hr per inch • Cooling Rate : 260 C per hr per inch
20
STRESS RELIEVING
Cr-Mo Steels
Cr - Mo Steels (Cr >2%)
– SA 335P22 ,SA335P5
• Heating Rate : 200 C per hr per inch • Cooling Rate : 260 C per hr per inch
21
STRESS RELIEVING
Ni -Steels
• Nickel Steels : 1,2,3% Ni
– SA 203 GrA ,D
• Heating Rate : 200 C per hr per inch • Cooling Rate : 260 C per hr per inch
22
STRESS RELIEVING
Steels enhanced by Heat Treatments
• Q&T Steels :
– 9.5% Ni Steels , SA 517 Gr E
• Heating Rate : 200 C per hr per inch • Cooling Rate : 260 C per hr per inch
23
FURNACE PARTS AND THEIR ATTACHMENTS
24
LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL FURNACE (Electrical or Gas fired )
FURNACE
THERMOCOUPLE COMPENSATING CABLE
JOB
RECORDER
P.I.D.
CONTROLLING BURNER
25
THERMOCOUPLES
• PRINCIPLE OF A THERMOCOUPLE
• THERMOCOUPLE MATERIALS • TYPES OF THERMOCOUPLES BEING USED IN HZW
26
PRINCIPLE OF THERMOCOUPLE
The basic principle of thermoelectric thermometry is that a thermocouple develops
an emf which is a function of the difference in temperature of its measuring
junction & reference junction. If the temperature of reference junction is known,
the temperature of the measuring junction can be determined by measuring the emf
generated in the circuit.
27
THERMOCOUPLE MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
1. High coefficient of thermal emf.
2. Continuously increasing relation of emf to temperature over a long range. 3.
Freedom from phase changes or other phenomenon giving rise to discontinuity in
temperature emf relationships. 4. Resistance to oxidation, corrosion and
contamination. 5. Homogeneity and reproducibility to fit an establish temperature &
emf relationship. SPEED OF RESPONSE MAY BE IMPROVED AND RADIATION & CONDUCTION
ERRORS MAY BE REDUCED 28 BY THE USE OF SMALL DIAMETER THERMOCOUPLES.
TYPES OF THERMOCOUPLE BEING USED IN HZW
K type :
Material
Nickel based
Chromel
( 10 %Cr )
Alumel
+ ( 2 % Al )
Properties :
Non-Magnetic +
Magnetic
In this type of thermocouple, the wires are joined at one end only to form a point-
type temperature sensor. Instrumentation converts the millivolt signal to related
temperature. 29
TYPES OF THERMOCOUPLE BEING USED IN HZW contd...
K type : Dia : Insulation coated 2.5 mm Bare(ceramic) 0. 7 mm Refractory
Attachment
Usability
Mech
Reusable
Capacitor
Disposable
Location
Color
PIT F/c
-
K TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
White Color White/yellow
pid
Blue Color
+Ve
-Ve Red Color
White Color
White/yellow
Welded junction
recorder
+Ve
Red Color
-Ve
Compensating cable
Thermocouple wire
Accuracy : 0.75%
31
‘S’ TYPE THERMOCOUPLE
Accuracy : 0.25 %
• • • „S‟ TYPE THERMOCOUPLE ARE THE STANDARD THERMOCOUPLES. IT IS USED FOR
CALIBRATING “K” Type THERMOCOUPLES. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION 90% PLATINUM + 10%
RHODIUM PLATINUM OXIDATION RESISTANCE , SO MORE LIFE .
32
•
ISSUE METHODOLOGY For DISPOSAL TYPE
• Users will send their requirement of thermocouple
MATERIAL ==> +ve COPPER ( white ) -ve COPPER NICKEL (blue ) for “ K “ TYPE .
• • • •
PID FUNCTIONS BOTH AS PROGRAMMER AND CONTROLLER PID CONTROLLER CAN BE ZONE WISE
PROGRAMME IS MADE IN SEGMENTS AS PER DIFFERENT STAGES OF HEAT TREATMENT DIGITAL
DISPLAY IS AVAILABLE FOR PROGRAMME TEMPERATURE AND FURNACE TEMEPERATURE TYPICAL OR
REPETITIVE HEAT TREATMENT CYCLE CAN BE STORED IN PID(PROGRAMMER)
35
RECORDER
TYPES OF RECORDER
PAPERLESS -WITH COLOUR DISPLAY SCREEN ,HARD DISC AND FLOPPY DRIVE. NOT USED IN HZW.
•WITH PAPER -- CURRENTLY BEING USED IN HZW. •24 CHANNEL -- CURRENTLY BEING USED IN
PFS( CHINO MAKE-- model no.I003
/Graph ET 001).
38
( ZONE-2 )
( ZONE-4 )
( ZONE-6 )
( ZONE-8 )
BURNER
1640
1650
3575 ( ZONE-3 )
14300.
3575 ( ZONE-5 )
3575 ( ZONE-7 )
39
9000
3. CHARGE NO : 4. H. T. REQ. NO :
40
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR HFS-1 FURNACE
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
17.
18.
19.
20
26.
28.
29.
30.
For startup of furnace in other zones, follow the same steps no 16 to 27 mentioned
above.
After all zones are started, start recording time and temperature from recorder
every 30 minutes in the logbook. Conduct spot checks for heat treatment every
4hours 45 and fill the spot check format.
31.
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR HFS-1 FURNACE
32. Monitor the heat treatment process and graph till the completion to ensure that
it is as per program and heat treatment request. 33. After heat treatment cycle is
completed, shut off all LPG supply valves and let furnace run with blowers on for
15 minutes. 34. Open the bogie door. Disconnect thermocouples
40.
48
125T Bogie hearth furnace -- PFS
49
PFS FURNACE SKETCH
5600 2650
BURMER
BOGGIE WIDTH
1460
5500
50
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PFS FURNACE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Receive the job as per HT request. Receive heat treatment request
duly approved by metallurgy engineer. Ensure that Insp. clearance is available
prior to loading for job. Load the job on the bogie as per the heat treatment
furnace request. Ensure the supporting arrangement as per the attached annexure-I.
6.
7.
9. 10.
11.
12.
13.
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PFS FURNACE
14. 15. Switch on the power supply. Close the bogie door.
16.
Switch on ID blower first and then the air blower and maintain pressure at about
800mm WG by slowly opening the suction valve.
Ensure that pressure of LPG from yard to inlet of pressure regulator is always less
than 20psi (1.5kg/CM2). Open the inlet valve to the regulator and open the outlet
valve. If pressure exceeds 1600 mm WG , isolate the pressure by lifting the handle
of safety shut off 53 valve.
17.
18. 19.
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PFS FURNACE
20. 21. Immediately start lighting the pilot burners and adjust the flame with the
air valve . Open the isolating valve for pressure gauge and adjust the pressure
regulator by turning the screw provided in the stem so that the pressure is
maintained at about 1000mm WG. Light up alternate main burners and adjust the flame
lengths uniformly. Lock the doors by pneumatic locking. After all zones start,
record time and temperature from recorder every 30 minutes in the logbook.
54
job.
32. Unload the job from bogie and move the bogie inside the furnace. 33. Close the
furnace. Shut off the power supply.
56
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PIT FURNACE IN MFS-I
57
FIRE BRICK
INSULATING CASTABLE
ROOF CERAMIC BLANKET
BLOWER
4020
125
250
4961
1000
58
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PIT FURNACE
1. 2. 3. 4. Receive heat treatment request duly authorized by metallurgy engineer.
Receive the job for heat treatment with inspection clearance. Put the job either on
support or on heat treatment fixture inside the furnace. Ensure that equal
clearance is available on all sides between job and baffle.
5.
6.
59
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PIT FURNACE
7. Set the program in the programmer as per heat treatment request. Take a trial
run of program to ensure the accuracy. Calibrate all 5 PID‟s prior to starting the
furnace.
8. 9.
10.
Insert the graph inside the recorder and take the signature of inspector on the
graph paper.
Close the furnace door. Start the furnace by giving power supply „ON‟
11. 12.
60
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PIT FURNACE
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Start recording the time and temperature in the logbook every
30 minutes. Ensure that the cycle is functioning as per program. After the heat
treatment is over, open the furnace cover. If the job calls for water quenching,
lift the job and dip it in quench tank. It the job calls for air cooling in still
air, lift the job and put it outside on supports in open air.
61
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR PIT FURNACE
18. It the job doesn‟t call for anything above, allow the
job to cool down in furnace. 19. 20. Keep the job outside after removing from
furnace. Submit the heat treatment graph to inspection for approval of heat
treatment cycle. 21. Close the furnace cover after the furnace is cooled down to
room temperature.
62
PROCEDURE FOR EMPTY FURNACE CALIBRATION
Calibration of PIDS ( indicator & controller )
1. Connect the millivolt source to the temperature indicator or controller by a
compensating cable. Care should be taken to clean the wires and terminals
thoroughly before connections are made. The millivolt output for various
temperature 0 0 0 ranging from 0 C to 1000 C in steps of 50 C is fed to the
indicator / controller. After the millivolt value / temperature reading displayed
is steady, the reading of indicator/controller shall be noted.
2.
3.
63
PROCEDURE FOR EMPTY FURNACE CALIBRATION
4. If the error in the indicated readings is more than the specified accuracy ( +/-
10C ), then correction to be carried out for the indicator / controller and points
1 to 4 shall be repeated till the specified accuracy is obtained is obtained.
3.
4.
65
PROCEDURE FOR EMPTY FURNACE CALIBRATION
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 20 Nos. big K-type thermocouples 10 Nos. small K-type thermocouples
Millivolt source (wahl unit )
ACCURACY
+/- 0.25% +/- 0.25%
6.
Recorder
3.
4.
5.
Place the heat treatment fixture inside the furnace with thermocouples in position.
6.
Close the furnace lid. Start the furnace and the recorder.
67
PIT FURNACE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
7. 8. 9. Set the temperature of controller to 400 C. After reaching the set
temperature, it is allowed to stabilize for half an hour. Measure and record the
temperature indicated by each of the 20 thermocouples. The temperature is to be
read through WAHL UNIT. Three sets of readings are to be taken for each
thermocouples at an interval of 10 minutes. Also record the readings indicated by
each of the thermocouples at an interval of 10 minutes.
68
10.
11.
PIT FURNACE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
12. The temperature is then raised in steps of 50 C up to 1000 C. ( I. e. 400 C,
450 C, …….., 950 C, 1000 C. ) The measured temperature is stabilized for 30
minutes. PID reading are also to be recorded along with this. 13. The allowed
temperature variation with respect to the set temperature is +/- 50C up to 8000C
and +/- 100C above 8000C. 14. This is allowed to plot on the graph and thus
obtained for time and temperature values. 15. Calibration of furnace is valid for 1
year.
69
0
STANDARD OPERATING PRACTICES FOR LOCAL STRESS RELIEVING
70
LOCAL STRESS RELIEVING WHY
• • Local SR to be done only when furnace SR not feasible When only certain
components to be PWHT
HOW
• Can be done by Electrical / Gas / diesel / Induction etc..
•
•
•
LSR -BAND WIDTH
Soak band X Weld width „X‟ + lesser of 1T or 2”
t
Heating band Insulation band
72
LOCAL STRESS RELIEVING SET UP
1. Provide multitonne roller on one end of vessel during LSR of circular seam when
job is horizontal. 2. If both ends are open during LSR, provide insulation from
inside. If not possible , prevent airflow so that temperature on inside surface do
not drop down. 3. Spider/prop shall be provided in such a way that upper portion of
spider / prop is not welded with inside surface to allow contraction/expansion of
shell surface. 4. Spider/prop shall be between 200- 500mm from heating zone. 5.
Temporary attachments, provided for holding insulation, shall be within soak band
only. 6. Minimum two thermocouples shall be provided from inside, when accessible.
73
LOCAL STRESS RELIEVING
SB+HB+IB
LSR of C/S
Spider or prop
74
GOOD ENGG. PRACTICES FOR FURNACE CHARGES &LSR
75
SUPPORTING ARRANGEMENTS
1. Heat Treatment request shall be as per Annexure-7 and Annexure-8. 2. Minimum
distance between floor of the furnace and lower most part of the job shall be
300mm.
3.
4.
burner
900 600mm
600mm
450mm
300mm(point no:2)
5. Saddle shall be arranged in such away that open end of the vessel is maximum
450mm from saddle support. 6. Saddle shall be located as close to spiders
(temporarily arranged to control deformation) as possible.
77
SUPPORTING ARRANGEMENTS
7. Spiders shall be provided as per annexure-5
9. Spiders or vertical prop shall be provided at open ends, center and below man
way/nozzles above 24” 10. Avoid gap between saddle support and job surface
78
SUPPORTING ARRANGEMENTS
Temp. support
Furnace floor
83
THERMOCOUPLES
3. Minimum 8 thermocouples to be used for a charge in HFS- I furnace if the job
occupies all 8 zones 4. Maximum distance between two thermocouples for a sample job
is as shown in annexure- 6 5. PTC shall have separate thermocouple
84
THERMOCOUPLES ATTACHMENTS
1. Use only TAU-90 capacitor Discharge Welding machine for thermocouple connection
6.
7.
8.
9.
Two wire of thermocouple shall be attached one after another. Gap between two wire
of a thermocouple shall be max. 3.0mm Only calibrated thermocouple shall be used.
Calibration shall be by QA. After PWHT, thermocouple area shall be ground
87
SPECIAL NOTE
IF THE TEMPERATURE OF HEAT TREATMENT
EXCEEEDS
650-DEGREE
CENTIGRADE,
THE
MATERIAL AND SIZE OF SPIDERS AND SUPPORTS TO BE DECIDED BY PLANNING AND APPROVED BY
DESIGN.
88
CODE EXTRACTS •FURNACE PWHT •LSR
89
REQUIREMENT OF HEAT TREATMENT AS PER ASME-SEC VIII Div.-1
• SERVICE CONDITION • MATERIAL
(UW-2) (UG-85, UW-40,UCS-56,UAT-80,UHA-32,UNF-79)
• THICKNESS
• LOW TEMERATURE OPERATION • COLD WORKING • CUSTOMER SPEC.
(UG-85, UW-40,UCS-56,UAT-80,UHA-32,UNF-79)
(UCS-68) (UG-79)
90
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
( 1 ) The soak band shall contain the weld, heat affected zone and a portion of
base metal adjacent to the weld being heat treated. The minimum width of this
volume is the widest width of weld plus 1T or 2 inches, whichever is less, on each
side or end of the weld. The term „T‟ is the nominal thickness. ( 2 ) The operation
of postweld heat treatment shall be performed either by heating the vessel as a
whole in an enclosed furnace or heating the vessel in more than one heat in a
furnace, provided the overlap of the heated sections of the vessel is at least 5
feet ( 1.5m). When this procedure is used, the portion outside of the furnace shall
be shielded so that the temperature gradient is not harmful. The cross section
where the vessel projects from the furnace shall not intersect a nozzle or other 91
structural discontinuity.
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
( 3 ) When the vessel is required to be postweld heat treated, and it is not
practicable to postweld heat treat the completed vessel as a whole or in two or
more heats; any circumferential joints not provisionally heat treated may be
thereafter locally postweld heat treated by heating such joints by any appropriate
means that will assure the required uniformity. ( 4 ) While carrying out local
postweld heat treatment, the soak band shall extend around the full circumference.
The portion outside the soak band shall be protected so that the temperature
gradient is not harmful. ( 5 ) Heating a circumferential band containing nozzles or
other welded attachments in such a manner that the entire band shall be brought up
uniformly to the required 92 temperature and held for the specified time.
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
( 6 ) Where more than one pressure vessel or more pressure vessel part are postweld
heat treated in one furnace charge, thermocouples shall be placed on vessels at the
bottom, center, and top of the charge or in other zones of possible temperature
variation so that the temperature indicated shall be true temperature for all
vessels or parts in those zones. ( 7 ) Postweld heat treatment, When required,
shall be done before the hydrostatic test and after any welded repairs. A
preliminary hydrostatic test to reveal leaks prior to PWHT is permissible. ( 8 )
For pressure vessels or parts of pressure vessels being post weld heat treated in a
furnace charge, it is the greatest weld thickness in any vessel or vessel part
which has not previously been postweld heat treated. 93
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
( 8 contd...) The nominal thickness is the total depth of the weld exclusive of any
permitted weld reinforcement. For groove weld, the nominal thickness is the depth
of the groove. For fillet welds, the nominal thickness is the throat dimension.
If a fillet weld is used in conjunction of groove weld, the nominal thickness is
the depth of the groove or the throat dimension, Whichever is greater. For stud
welds, the nominal thickness shall be the diameter of the stud. ( 9 ) For P–1
material ( carbon steel), minimum holding temperature during postweld heat
treatment shall 94 be 1100 Deg. F ( 593 Deg.c).
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
P. NO. HOLDING TEMP. 1100 DEG. F(593’ C) NOM. THICKNE SS UPTO 2” SOAKING PERIOD
1 HR. PER INCH. , HOWEVER 15 MINUTES MINIMUM 2 HOURS , PLUS 15 MIN. FOR EACH
ADDITIONAL INCH ABOVE 2” 2 HOURS , PLUS 15 MIN. FOR EACH ADDITIONAL INCH ABOVE 2”
OVER 2” TO 5” OVER 5 ”
* POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT IS MANDATORY ON P-NO.3 GR. NO. 3 MATERIAL IN ALL
THICKNESSES.
95
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
( 10 ) Postweld heat treatment is mandatory in Following conditions : • For welded
joints over 1. 5” nominal thickness. • For welded joints over 1.25” nom. Thickness
through 1.5” nom. Thickness, unless preheat is applied at a min. Temperature of
200‟F ( 94„c ) during welding. • Vessels or parts of vessels constructed of base
material with corrosion resistant integral or weld metal overlay cladding or
applied corrosion resistant lining material shall be postweld heat treated when the
base material is required to be postweld heat treated. In applying this rule, the
determining thickness shall be the total thickness of base material. 96 • When the
PWHT is a service requirement.
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
97
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
( 11 ) Postweld heat treatment is not mandatory for carbon steel jobs (P1
material ) in Following conditions (UG2): If groove welds is not over ½” in size
or fillet weld with a throat thickness of ½” or less used for attaching non
pressure parts to pressure parts provided preheat to a minimum temperature of 200‟F
is applied when the thickness of pressure Part exceeds 1.25”. If studs are welded
to pressure parts provided preheat to a minimum temperature of 200‟F is applied
when the thickness of the pressure parts exceeds 1.25”. for corrosion resistant
weld metal overlay cladding or for welds attaching corrosion resistant applied
lining provided preheat to a minimum temperature of 200‟f is maintained during
application of the first layer when the thickness of the pressure 98 part exceeds
1.25”.
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT
• The temperature of furnace shall not exceed 800‟F
Above 800 F( 427 C), the rate of heating shall not be more
than 4000F Per hour (2000C/Hour) divided by the maximum metal thickness of the
shell or head plate in inches, but in no
------2 2
NOTES : 1. MINIMUM HOLDING TIME FOR 1” THICKNESS OR LESS ; ADD 15 MINUTES PER INCH
OF THICKNESS FOR THICKNESS GREATER THAN 1”. 2. THESE LOWER POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
TEMPERATURES PERMITTED ONLY FOR PNO.1 GROUP NO. 1 AND 2 MATERIALS. 101
102
103
104
105
SELECTION OF SPIDERS AT OPEN ENDS FOR HEAT TREATMENT
SHELL THICKNESS
10000 9500 9000 8500 8000 7500 7000 ISMB 250 6500 ISMB 250 BOX SEC ISMB 250
SHELL DIAMETER
6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 ISMB 125 1500 1000 500 ISMB 125 ISMB
150 ISMB 150 ISMB 150
SHELL THICKNESS
DATA FOR ABOVE CHANNELS: DESIGNATION WT/ MTR.(KG) WEB HT FLG WD FLG THK WEB THK
ISMB 125 13 125 75 7.6 4.4 ISMB 150 14.9 150 80 7.6 4.8 ISMB 250 37.3 250 125 12.5
6.9 ISMC 250 30.4 250 80 14.1 7.1
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Annexure-5
106
107
HT REQUEST
Annexure-7
108
HT CHARGE
Annexure-8
109
Usage of compansating cable
Annexure-9 page 1 of 4
110
Usage of compansating cable
Annexure-9 page 2 of 4
111
Usage of compansating cable
Annexure-9 page 3 of 4
112
Usage of compansating cable
Annexure-9 page 4 of 4
113
Information on Graph Paper Usage
Annexure-10
114
Mechanical v/s capacitor discharge attachments Annexure-11
115
Thermo. Couple Procurement Procedure
Annexure-12
116
Thermo. Couple Attachment Procedure
Annexure-13 page 1 of 2
117
Thermo. Couple Attachment Procedure
Annexure-13 page 2 of 2
118