Advanced Engineering Mathematics, by Erwin Kreyszig 10th. Ed.

Problem Set 2.9

No. 1
Qt 
RI   E (1’) R, C and E are all constants.
C
Differentiate (1’) with respect to t

RI ' I  0; I ' I  0
C RC

 1 t
I t   ke RC k is any constant

At t＝0, I  E I 0  k  E
R R

 t
Particular sol. I t   e RC
E
R
No.2
Qt 
RI   Eo sin t (1’)
C

Differentiate (1’) with respect to t

E 
RI ' I  Eo cos t; I ' I  o cos t
C RC R

 1 t t
E o 
I t   e  cos tdt  k 
RC
  e RC
R 
 
  1  
 1 t E  t  cos  t  sin  t  
 e RC  o e RC  RC   k
R 1  2
   
 R 2C 2  
 
 1 t E 
 1 cos  t  sin  t   1 t E 
  2 2 
 ke RC  o RC  ke RC  o  RC cos  t R C sin  t 
R  1 2 R 2C 2  R  1 2 R 2C 2 
 
 2
R C 2 

 1 t  
 ke RC  EoC  cos  t RC sin  t  k is any constant
 1 2 R 2C 2 
 I 0  0
E sin  0
At t＝0, I  o 0
R

 1 0   EoC
I 0  ke RC  EoC cos 0 RC sin 0   k  0
 1 R C 
2 2 2 1 2 R 2C 2

EoC
k 
1 2 R 2C 2

 1 t
Particular sol. I t   
EoC
e RC  E C  cos t RC sin  t 
o
1 2 R 2C 2  1 2 R 2C 2 

EoC   1 t 
  e RC  cos t  RC sin  t 
1 2 R 2C 2  

No. 3
LI 'RI  E R, L and E are all constants.
 Rt  Rt   Rt  Rt 
I t   e    e  k
 dt  k  e
L e L E L E L L
 L  L R 
   
 Rt  Rt   Rt
e L  E L 
e  k   ke L k is any constant
E
R  R
 
And I 0  0 k   E
R

  Rt 
Particular solution I t   E 1 e L 
R 
 

If L＝0.5H, R＝20Ω, E＝110V

I t   110


20 
 20 t 

1  e 0.5   5.5 1  e  40 t


 
No. 4
LI ' RI  Eo sin  t

 
 
Rt
 t
R R t Eo R 
  t E e L R sin t  cos t 
I t   e  
sin  tdt  k  e   k

L e L L o L

L 



L 2
R  2 


 L 
  
 
Rt
R 
 t L Eo
2 e L R sin t  cos t 
e L  L  k
 L 2
R L  2 2 
 
 

 Rt
I t   ke L  R sin t  L cost  k is any constant
Eo
2 2
R L  2

Since at t＝0, I＝0

EoL
I 0  ke  0   R sin 0  L cos0  k 
Eo
0
R 2  L2 2 R 2  L2 2
EoL
k
R 2  L2 2

EoL  Rt
Particular sol. I t   R sin t  L cost 
Eo
e L 
R 2  L2 2 R 2  L2 2
No. 5
Q
LI '  Eo sin  t (1’)
C

Differentiate (1’) with respect to t

LI " I  Eo cos  t

C

I h  A cos t  B sin t
LC LC

I p  I o sin t   ; I o 
Eo
; S  L  1 ; tan   S
C R
R2 S 2

I o  o ; S  L  1 ; tan   S ;   
E
As R  0,
S C R 2

S
 E
2

I p t   o sin t     o cost; S  L  1
E
S C

Now Eo  1,   1, L  0.5H , C  0.005F , S  0.5  1  199.5

0.005

I p t   1 cos t  0.00501cost
199 .5

I h  A cos t  B sin t  A cos 20t  B sin 20t

0.50.005 0.50.005

General sol. I  I h  I p  A cos 20t  B sin 20t  0.00501cos t (a)

 I '  20 A sin 20t  20B cos 20t  0.00501sin t (b)

As I 0  0 and Q0   0

Q0
LI ' 0 
Q
From (1’) LI '  Eo sin  t  Eo sin 0
C C

LI ' 0  0; I ' 0  0

Substitute the initial conditions, I 0  0 and I ' 0  0 into (a) and (b) respectively
I 0  A cos 0  B sin 0  0.00501cos 0  A  0.00501  0; A  0.00501
I ' 0  20 A sin 0  20B cos 0  0.00501sin 0  20B  0; B  0
Particular sol. I  0.00501cos 20t  0.00501cos t
No. 6
Q
LI '  2 t3 (1’)
C

Differentiate (1’) with respect to t

LI " I  6 t 2 (1)
C

I h  A cos t  B sin t
LC LC

Set I p  at 2  bt  c

We substitute I p  at 2  bt  c I ' p  2at  b I " p  2a into (1)

2
2aL  at  bt  c  6 t 2 a t2  bt  c  2aL  6 t 2
C C C C

a  6; a  6C , b  0, c  12 LC 2
C

I p  6Ct 2  12LC 2

I  I h I p  A cos t  B sin t  6Ct 2  12 LC 2

LC LC

Now L  0.25H , C  0.025F

I h  A cos 4 10t  B sin 4 10t

I p  0.15t 2  0.001875  A

General sol. I  I h  I p  A cos 4 10t  B sin 4 10t  0.15t 2  0.001875 (a)

I '  4 10 A sin t  4 10 B cos 4 10t  0.3t (b)

 Substitute the initial conditions, I 0  0 and Q0  0, [ie I ' 0  0 ] into (a) and (b)
respectively
I 0  A cos 0  B sin 0  0.15  0  0.001875  A  0.001875  0; A  0.001875

I ' 0  4 10 A sin 0  4 10 B cos 0  0.3  0  4 10 B  0; B  0

Particular sol. I  0.001875 cos 4 10t  0.15t 2  0.001875

No. 7
Eo
Io  S minimum(＝ 0), I o maximum
R2 S 2

2
S  L  1  0  LC   2 ; C  
C L
No. 8

R  4, L  0.5H , C  0.1F , E  500 sin 2t V

I p a cos t  b sin t

E S E R
a 2 o 2, b  2 o 2 ; S  L  1C  2  0.5  210.1  1  5  4
R S R S
500  4 2000 500 4  2000  62.5
a   62.5, b
4 2   42 32 4   42
2 32

I p a cos t  b sin t  62.5 cos 2t  62.5 sin 2t

No. 9

R  4, L  0.1H , C  0.05F , E  110V

LI " RI ' 1 I  E '  0

C

I p 0 Steady-state current＝0

No. 10

R  2, L  1H , C  1 F , E  157 sin 3t V

20

I p a cost  b sin t

E S
 311 
E R
a 2 o 2, b  2 o 2 ; S  L  1C  3 1  301.05  3  20
3
R S R S
 157  11  157 11
 3  157 2
a  3  33 b  157 2  18
2 157 2 157
2 2    11  9 2 2    11  9
 3  3

I p a cos t  b sin t  33 cos 3t  18 sin 3t A

Steady current (安培)
No. 11

R  24, L  1.2 H , C  1 F , E  220 sin 5t V

90

 Et 
Q
LI ' RI  (1’) Differentiate (1’) with respsct to t
C

dEt 
LI " RI ' I   1100 cos 5t
C dt

The corresponding homogeneous ODEs I " R I ' I  0

L LC

   2RL  12 RL 2  LC4   2RL  21L R 2  4L

C

1   2RL  21L R 2  4CL , 2   2RL  21L R 2  4CL

1   2241.2  211.2 242  411.2  10  1

2.4
576  432  10  5  5
90

2  10  21.4 576  432  10  5  15

I h  c1e 1t  c2 e 2t  c1e 5t  c2 e 10 t

Set I p  a cos t  b sin t

 Eo S E R
a , b  o ; S  L  1 S  5  1.2  11  6  18  12
R2 S 2 R2 S 2 C 5
90

 220 12 
a  220 12  11 b 220 24  220 24  22
24   12 
2 2 720 3 24 2  12 2 720 3

I p 11 cos 5t  22 sin 5t
3 3

General sol. I  I h  I p  c1e 5t  c2e 10 t  11 cos 5t  22 sin 5t

3 3

No. 12
R  0.2, L  0.1H , C  2 F , E  220 sin 314t V
  Et 
Q
LI ' RI  (1’) Differentiate (1’) with respsct to t
C

dEt 
LI " RI ' I   220  314 cos 314t
C dt

The corresponding homogeneous ODEs I " R I ' I  0

L LC

   2RL  12 RL 2  LC4   2RL  21L R 2  4L

C

1   2RL  21L R 2  4CL , 2   2RL  21L R 2  4CL

1   20.02.1  210.1 0.22  420.1  1  01.2 0.04  0.2  1  5  0.4i  1  2i

2  1  01.2 0.04  0.2  1  2i

I h  e t  A cos 2t  B sin 2t 

Set I p a cost  b sin t

 Eo S Eo R
a , b ; S  L  1
R2 S 2 2
R S 2 C

S  314  0.1  1  31.4  1  31.398

314 2 628

 220 31 .398 

a   220 31.398  7.0064
0.22  31.398 2 985 .9

b  220 0.2  0.0446

985 .9

I p 7.0064 cos 314t  0.0446 sin 314t

General sol.

I  I h  I p  e t  A cos 2t  B sin 2t   7.0064 cos 314t  0.0446 sin 314t A

No. 13
R  16, L  2.0 H , C  1 / 200 F , E  120 sin 50t V

1   2RL  21L R 2  4CL , 2   2RL  21L R 2  4CL

1   2162.0  212.0 162  14/200

2.0  4  1 256  1600  4  i 2 21
4
 2  4  i 2 21

I A  e 4t cos 2 21t , I B  e 4t sin 2 21t


I h  AI A  BI B  e 4t A cos 2 21t  B sin 2 21t 
Set I p a cost  b sin t

 Eo S Eo R
a , b ; S  L  1
R2 S 2 2
R S 2 C

S  50  2.0  1  100  4  96

50  1
200
120 96 
a  120 96  120 6   45
16   96 
2 2 9472 16 37 37

b  120 16  120  15

9472 16 37 74

I p  45 cos 50t  15 sin 50t

37 74

 
General sol. I  I h  I p  e 4t A cos 2 21t  B sin 2 21t  45 cos 50t  15 sin 50t A
37 74

No. 14

   2RL  12 RL 2  LC4   2RL  21L R 2  4L

C

(i) R 2  4 L  is real and 1  0, 1  0

C

I h  c1e 1t  c2 e 2t  0 as t  

(ii) R 2  4 L    R is real and   0

C 2L

I h  c1e t  c2tet  0 as t  

(iii) R 2  4 L
C

    i    2RL  0,   21L 4CL  R 2

I h  et  A cos t  B sin t   0 as t  

No.15
 2  R   1  0
L LC

R RL 2  LC4

 L
 R  1 R 2  4L
2 2L 2L C

1   2RL  21L R 2  4CL , 2   2RL  21L R 2  4CL

1 overdamped R 2  4L
C

2 critically damped R 2  4L

C

3 underdamped R 2  4L
C

Critical resistance Rcrit  4L  2 L

C C
No. 16

R  8, L  0.2 H , C  12.5  103 F , E  100 sin 10t V

1   R  1 R 2  4L , 2   R  1 R 2  4L
2L 2L C 2L 2L C

1   280.2  210.2 82  40.2  20  2.5 64  64  20

12.510 3

2  1  20 (double root)

I1  e20 t , I 2  te20 t

I h  c1I1  c2 I 2  e 20 t c1  c2t 

LI " RI ' 1 I  E ' t 

C

Set I p a cos t  b sin t  a cos t  b sin t

 Eo S Eo R
a , b ; S  L  1
R2 S 2 R2 S 2 C

S  10  0.2  1  2  8  6
10 12 .510  3
100  6  100 6
a  6 b  100 8  8
82   6 2 100 100
 I p 6 cos10t  8 sin 10t

General sol. I  I h I p e 20t c1  c2t   6 cos 10t  8 sin 10t a 

I '  c2e 20t  20e 20t c1  c2t   60 sin 10t  80 cos 10t

 e 20t  20c1  c2  20c2t   60 sin 10t  80 cos 10t b

Initial values I 0  0
Q
LI ' RI   100 sin 10t
C

At t = 0 0.2I ' 0  8I 0  40Q0  0

Since I 0  0, Q0  0  I ' 0   0

Insert I 0  0 into (a), I ' 0  0 into (b).

e0 c1c2  0  6 cos 0  8 sin 0  c1  6  0; c1  6

e 0  20c1  c2  0  60 sin 0  80 cos 0  20c1  c2  80  0; c 2  200

Particular sol. I  e 20t  6  200t   6 cos 10t  8 sin 10t

No. 17

R  18, L  1H , C  1 F , E  250cos t  sin t V

250

1   2RL  21L R 2  4CL , 2   2RL  21L R 2  4CL

1   2181  211 182  41  9  0.5 324  1000  9  13i,

1
250

2  9  13i
I A  e 9t cos 13t , I B  e 9t sin 13t

I h  AI A  BI B  Ae9t cos 13t  Be 9t sin 13t

dEt 
LI " RI ' 1 I 
C dt

R  18, L  1H , C  1  0.004F , E  250cos t  sin t V

250

I "18I '250I  250 sin t  250 cos t 1

Set I p a cos t  b sin t  a cos t  b sin t

I ' p  a sin t  b cos t

I " p  a cos t  b sin t

Substitute I " p , I ' p , I p into (1)

 a cos t  b sin t  18 a sin t  b cos t   250a cos t  b sin t   250 sin t  250 cos t

 a 18b  250acos t   b 18a  250bsin t  250 cos t  250sin t

249a 18bcos t  18a  249bsin t  250 cos t  250sin t
249a  18b  250 2
 18a  249b  250 3
2 18  3  249 62325b  57750; b  0.9266

2  249  3 18 62325a  66750; a  1.0710

I p 1.0710 cos t  0.9266 sin t

General sol.

I  I h I p e 9t  A cos 13t  B sin 13t   1.0710 cos t  0.9266 sin t a 

I '  9e 9t  A cos 13t  B sin 13t   e 9t  13 A sin 13t  13B cos 13t   1.0710 sin t  0.9266 cos t

  9 A  13B  cos 13t  13 A  9B  sin 13t e 9t  1.0710 sin t  0.9266 cos t b

Initial values I 0  0

 250cos t  sin t 
Q
LI ' RI 
C

At t = 0 I ' 0  18I 0  250Q0  250

Since I 0  0, Q0  0  I ' 0  250
Insert I 0  0 into (a), I ' 0  250 into (b).

A  1.071  0; A  1.071

 9 A  13B  0.9266  250; B  18.5606

Particular sol.
 I  e 9t  1.071 cos 13t  18.5606 sin 13t   1.0710 cos t  0.9266 sin t
No. 18

R  14, L  1H , C  1 F , E  220 cos 4t V

40

1   2RL  21L R 2  4CL , 2   2RL  21L R 2  4CL

1   2141  211 142  411  7  0.5 196  160  7  0.5  6   4

40

2  7  3  10
I h  c1 I1  c 2 I 2  c1e 4t c 2 e 10 t

LI " RI ' 1 I  E ' t   Eo sin t (1)

C

Set I p a cos t  b sin t

I ' p  a sin t  b cos t

I " p   2 a cos t   2b sin t

Substitute I " p , I ' p , I p into (1)

 2 L a cos t  b sin t   R  a sin t  b cos t   C1 a cos t  b sin t   Eo sin t

  2 La  Rb  Ca cos     2 Lb  Ra  Cb sin t  Eo sin t

  2 La  Rb  a  0
C
  2 L  C1 a  Rb  0 (2)

  2 Lb  Ra  b  Eo
C

 Ra    2 L  1 b  Eo
C
 (3)


(2)× R  +(3)×   2 L  C1   2 2

 R    L  C

2 1 2 b  Eo   2 L  C1 
Eo   2 L  1   2 Eo  L  1  Eo  L  1 
 C  C   C 
b  
 2 2  2 2  2  2  1  
2
 R    L  1    2  R 2   L  1    R   L  
  C    C     C  


 
(2)×   2 L  C1 －(3)× R 


 2 1 2 2 2

   L  C   R  a   RE o

2
  2 REo  2 REo Eo R
a  
 2 2 2 2  2   2  1  
2
  L  1   R   2  L  1   R 2   R   L  
 C   C     C  

Let L  1  S
C

Eo R Eo S
Then a  , b
R2 S 2 R2 S 2

S  4 1  1  4  10  6
4 1
40
220  6
a 220 14  220 14  385 b  165
14 2   6 2 232 29 232 29

I p 385 cos 4t  165 sin 4t

29 29

General sol. I  I h I p c1e 4t c 2 e 10 t  385 cos 4t  165 sin 4t

29 29
a 
I '  4c1e 4t  10c 2 e 10t  1540 sin 4t  660 cos 4t
29 29
b 
And

 E t 
Q
LI ' RI  I '14 I  40Q  220 cos 4t
C
Since I 0  0, Q0  0 I ' 0  220 I ' 0  220
Insert I 0  0 into (a), I ' 0  220 into (b).

c1  c2  385  0 c1  c2   385 (4)

29 29

 4c1  10c 2  660  220  4c1  10c 2  7040 (5)

29 29

(4) ×4 + (5) →  6C 2  5500 c 2   2750

29 87

Insert c 2   2750 into (4) C1 385  2750  1595  55

87 29 87 87 3

Particular sol. I  55 e 4t  2750 e 10 t  385 cos 4t  165 sin 4t

3 87 29 29

No. 19
No. 20

LI " RI ' 1 I  E ' t   Eo sin t (1)

C

Set I p Keit I ' p  iKeit I " p   2 Keit

Substitute I " p , I ' p , I p into (1)

  2 LKeit  iK Re it  1 Keit  iEo eit

C

  2 L  iR  C1 Keit  Eoeit

Eo  L  1  iR 
Eo Eo  C 
K  
 2 L  iR  1 L  1  iR  L  1  iR  L  1  iR 
C C  C  C 

Eo  L  1  iR   Eo  L  1  iR 
 C   C   Eo S  iR 
   (Let S  L  1 )
 L  1  iR  L  1  iR  2 2
R S 2 C
 L  1   R 2
 C  C   C 
 Eo S  iR   Eo S  iR 
Since Keit  K cos t  iK sin t  cos t i sin t
R2 S 2 R2 S 2
 Eo S Eo R
Real part is cos t  sin t  a cos t  b sin t
R2 S 2 R2 S 2
 Eo S Eo R
a ,b 
R2 S 2 R2 S 2