Assignment#01

NAME # Junaid Shafique

mirza
SUBJECT # ICT
ROLL NO # 18321519-044
DEPARTMENT # BS-CS
Submitted TO #
Sir Mubashir
 Web Service
A web service is a software service used to communicate between two
devices on a network.
A type of software to perform a set of task.

About web server:

It enable communication among various applications through
html,XML,WSDL,SOAP.
1.SOAP to transfer data.
2.XML to tag data.
3.WSDL to describe availbility of services.
Components of web services:

1.SOAP.
2.UDDI.
3.WSDl
.

Types of Service:
1.SOAP web services
2.RESTFUL web services

1.SOAP web server:

SOAP(simple object access protocol) is known as transport independent

messaging protocol.it transfer XML data as messages. Only the XML
structure follows a pattren but not its content.it send data through http which
is a standared web protocol.

2.WSDL web server:

WSDL(web services description language) .a web service can not be open if

it is unknown that where the service is available.
Secondly it should known that it is actually exist.all these things are possible
with the help of WSDL.This is XML based file .

List of web services:

1.Youtube
2.Google
3.World Wide Web (www)
4.wikipedia
5.Email
6.Search engine
7.Telent
8.Internet Relay chat (IRC)
9.File Transfer Potocol (FTP)
10.Social network

1.youtube
YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.
Three former PayPal employees— Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—created
the service in February 2005. Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65
billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.
YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on
videos, and subscribe to other users. It offers a wide variety of user-generated and
corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music
videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams,.
short original videos, and educational videos. Most of the content on YouTube is
uploaded by users but media corporations including CBS, the BBC, Vevo, and Hulu offer
some of their material via YouTube as part of the YouTube partnership program.
Unregistered users can only watch videos on the site, while registered users are some
permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos and add comments to videos. Videos
deemed potentially inappropriate are available only to registered users describe
themselves to be at least 18 years old.
As of February 2017, there were more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube
each minute, and one billion hours of content being watched on YouTube every day. As of
August 2018, the website is ranked as the second-most popular site in the world,.

2.Google
Google is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-
related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search
engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by
Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in
California. Together they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the
stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a
privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took
place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its headquarters in Mountain View,
California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to
reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google is
Alphabet's leading subsidiary and will continue to be the umbrella company for
Alphabet's Internet interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing
Larry Page who became the CEO of Alphabet.
The company's rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products,
acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine(Google Search). It
offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides),
email (Gmail/Inbox), scheduling and time management (Google Calendar), cloud storage
(Google Drive), social networking (Google+), instant messaging and video chat (Google
Allo, Duo, Hangouts), language translation (Google Translate), mapping and navigation
(Google Maps, Waze, Google Earth, Street View), video sharing (YouTube), note-taking
(Google Keep), and photo organizing and editing (Google Photos). The company leads
the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web
browser, and Chrome OS, a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser.
Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with
major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices, and it released
multiple hardware products in October 2016, including the Google Pixel smartphone,
Google Home smart speaker, Google Wifi mesh wireless router, and Google Daydream
virtual reality headset. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier.

Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefitted because it owned 8.4 million shares of
Google before the IPO took place.

3.World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW), also called the Web is an information space where
documents and other web resources are identified by (URLs), interlinked by hypertext
links, and accessible via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee and Belgian
informatics engineer Robert Cailliau invented the World Wide Web in 1989. They wrote
the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland. The browser was
released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January
1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.
The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is
the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet. Web pages are
primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML). In addition to formatted text, web pages may contain images, video, audio, and
software components that are rendered in the user's web browser.
Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages. Multiple web pages
with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a website. Website
content can largely be provided by the publisher, or interactively where users contribute
content or the content depends upon the users or their actions. Websites may be mostly
informative, primarily for entertainment, or largely for commercial, governmental, or
non-governmental organisational purposes.
11.
4.wikipedia
The wikipedia is searching wen service where we can check any thing like a document or
a famous person .it enables one to know about any thing in world .almost everything is
avaiable on wikipedia.and it is considered a good and accurate research .many article are
available on it.many students can get help from it.
It provides educational researches to give help in teaching,learning,delivring a lecture etc.

5.Email
Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people
using electronic devices. Invented by Ray Tomlinson, email first entered limited use in
the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email. Email
operates across computer networks, which today is primarily the Internet. Some early
email systems required the author and the recipient to both be online at the same time, in
common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward
model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor
their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only
briefly, typically to a mail serve r or a webmail interface, for as long as it takes to send or
receive messages.
The history of modern Internet email services reaches back to the early ARPANET, with
standards for encoding email messages published as early as 1973 . An email message
sent in the early 1970s looks very similar to a basic email sent today. Email had an
important role in creating the Internet, and the conversion from ARPANET to the Internet
in the early 1980s produced the core of the current services.

6.Search engine
Search engine is the process of affecting the online visibility of a website or a web page
in a web search engine's unpaid results—often referred to as "natural", "organic", or
"earned" results. In general, the earlier and more frequently a website appears in the
search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine's users; these
visitors can then be converted into customers. SEO may target different kinds of search,
including image search, video search, academic search, news search, and industry-
specific vertical search engines. SEO differs from local search engine optimization in
that the latter is focused on optimizing a business' online presence so that its web pages
will be displayed by search engines when a user enters a local search for its products or
services. The former instead is more focused on national or international searches.
As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, the
computer programmed algorithms which dictate search engine behavior, what people
search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines, and which
search engines are preferred by their targeted audience. Optimizing a website may
involve editing its content, adding content, doing HTML, and associated coding to both
increase its relevance to specific keywords and to remove barriers to the indexing
activities of search engines. Promoting a site to increase the number of backlinks, or
inbound links, is another SEO tactic. By May 2015, mobile search had surpassed
desktop search.In 2015, it was reported that Google is developing and promoting mobile
search as a key feature within future products. In response, many brands are beginning to
take a different approach to their Internet marketing strategies.

7.Telnet
Telnet is a protocol used on the Internet or local area network to provide a bidirectional
interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User
data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented
data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
Telnet was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15, extended in RFC 855, and
standardized as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Standard STD 8, one of
the first Internet standards. The name stands for "teletype network".
Historically, Telnet provided access to a command-line interface on a remote host,
including most network equipment and operating systems with a configuration utility
However, because of serious security concerns when using Telnet over an open network
such as the Internet, its use for this purpose has waned significantly in favor of SSH.
The term telnet is also used to refer to the software that implements the client part of the
protocol. Telnet client applications are available for virtually all computer platforms.
Telnet is also used as a verb. To telnet means to establish a connection using the Telnet
protocol, either with command line client or with a programmatic interface. For example,
a common directive might be: "To change your password, telnet into the server, log in
and run the passwd command." Most often, a user will be telnetting to a Unix-like server
system or a network device (such as a router) and obtaining a login prompt to a
command line text interface or a character-based full-screen manager.

8.Internet Relay Chat

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates
communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server
networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that users can install on their
system or web based applications running either locally in the browser or on 3rd party
server. These clients communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other
clients.IRC is mainly designed for group communication in discussion forums, called
channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as
chat and data transfer,including file sharing.
Client software is available for every major operating system that supports Internet
access. As of April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than half a million
users at a time, with hundreds of thousands of channels operating on a total of roughly
1,500 servers out of roughly 3,200 servers worldwide. IRC usage has been declining
steadily since 2003, losing 60% of its users and half of its channels.

9.File Transfer Protocol

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of
computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
FTP is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data
connections between the client and the server. FTP users may authenticate themselves
with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but
can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission
that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content , FTP is often secured
with SSL/TLS (FTPS) or replaced with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).
The first FTP client applications were command-line programs developed before
operating systems had graphical user interfaces, and are still shipped with most Windows,
Unix and Linux operating systems. Many FTP clients and automation utilities have since
been developed for desktops, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been
incorporated into productivity applications such as web page editors.

10.Social network
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as
individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between
actors. The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the
structure of whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the patterns
observed in these structures. The study of these structures uses social network analysis to
identify local and global patterns, locate influential entities, and examine network
dynamics.
Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field
which emerged from social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. Georg
Simmel authored early structural theories in sociology emphasizing the dynamics of
triads and "web of group affiliations". Jacob Moreno is credited with developing the first
sociograms in the 1930s to study interpersonal relationships. These approaches were
mathematically formalized in the 1950s and theories and methods of social networks
became pervasive in the social and behavioral sciences by the 1980s. Social network
analysis is now one of the major paradigms in contemporary sociology, and is also
employed in a number of other social and formal sciences. Together with other complex
networks, it forms part of the nascent field of network science.
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