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1.0 Objective: A A B B
1.0 Objective: A A B B
0 OBJECTIVE
The objective is to verify member forces obtain from experiment with tension
coefficient method.
There are many learning outcome that we can get from this laboratory test:
3.0 THEORY
If a members of a truss system is situated not in a two dimensional plane, then the
truss is defined as a space frame truss. In other words, space truss has components
in three axis i.e. x, y and z.
Consider a member with node A (xA, yA) and B (xB,yB)
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Assume te force in the member is TAB (+ve tension) and length LAB
Definition of tension coefficient (t), tAB = TAB
LAB
Using statics, write the equation for each joint using the coordinate value and
solve for it. Convert it into force using:
TAB = tAB LAB = √ (xB – xA)2 + (yB – yA)2
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prices. Space frame systems give you the architectural beauty you desire within
the budget you set.
1) Parking canopy’sH
2) Column-free spaces
5) Redundant integrity
6) Design freedom
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Figure 1 : Space frame for construction
4.0 APPARATUS
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PROSEDURES
Part 1
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4. We record the dynamometer readings for members S1, S2 and S3.
5. After that, we put the selected load on hanger at D and record it.
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Part 2
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5.0 RESULT
Table 1
Table 2
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Data Analysis
Part 1:
a = 500 mm
1. S1 : loaded = 60N
Unloaded = 40N
So S1 = 60N – 40N
= 20N
2. S2 : loaded = 55N
Unloaded = 0N
So S2 = 55N – 0N
= 55N
3. S3 : loaded = 80N
Unloaded = 0N
So S3 = 80N –0N
= 80 N
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Part 1:
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.25
ts2 = 0.25
ts3 = -0.50
And S1 = 142.35
S2 = 142.35
S3 = -274.27
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2. a = 400mm, b = 503mm, c = 215mm, d = 365mm.
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.25
ts2 = 0.25
ts3 = -0.50
And S1 = 141.54
S2 = 141.54
S3 = -273.51
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3. a = 300mm, b = 532mm, c = 170mm, d = 365mm.
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.125
ts2 = 0.125
ts3 = -0.25
And S1 = 72.16
S2 = 72.16
S3 = -139.63
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4. a = 200mm, b = 548mm, c = 110mm, d = 365mm.
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.25
ts2 = 0.25
ts3 = -0.50
And S1 = 146.14
S2 = 146.14
S3 = -279.47
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Part 2 :
1. Load F = 5 N
a = 350mm, b = 521mm, c = 185mm, d = 365mm.
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.125
ts2 = 0.125
ts3 = -0.25
And S1 = 53.48
S2 = 53.48
S3 = -98.97
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2. Load F = 10 N
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.25
ts2 = 0.25
ts3 = -0.50
And S1 = 106.96
S2 = 106.96
S3 = -197.95
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3. Load F = 15 N
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.375
ts2 = 0.375
ts3 = -0.75
And S1 = 160.43
S2 = 160.43
S3 = -296.92
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4. Load F = 20 N
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.5
ts2 = 0.5
ts3 = -1
And S1 = 213.91
S2 = 213.91
S3 = -395.89
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5. Load F = 25 N
Lx = b
Ly = d/2 (for S1 and S2)
Lz = a – c (for S1 and S2)
F=Lxt
L = √ (Lx² + Ly² + Lz²)
By using calculator
So ts1 = 0.625
ts2 = 0.625
ts3 = -1.25
And S1 = 267.39
S2 = 267.39
S3 = -494.86
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GRAPH
300
250
200
Force (N)
S1 Exp.
150
S1 Theory
100
50
0
5 10 15 20 25
Load (N)
300
250
200
Force (N)
S2 Exp.
150
S2 Theory
100
50
0
5 10 15 20 25
Load (N)
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6.0 DISSCUSSION
Based on the graph that have been plotted, we can see that for the graph1, the
comparison between the theoretical and the experimental results is there is not much
different for the two lines. When more load were applied, the value of force was also
increase.
It is same like the graph2, which is there is a little difference between the
theoretical and the experimental results. The value of force in increase due to the
increasing of load.
But for the graph3, the results of the theoretical and the experimental is totally
difference because for the experiment, the results is in range 0 to 300 while for the results
of the theoretical is around range -0 to -300. For the theoretical, when more load were
applied, the value of force were decrease but for the experimental, when more load were
applied, the force will increase.
The reason of discrepancy in the results maybe cause by the spring that used was
not elastic anymore after being stretched for many time of doing experiment, it might
have a mistake during taking the results. Beside that, it maybe cause by the error of the
apparatus which is not in good condition.
7.0 CONCLUSION
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