Ekler – Dilbilgisi Terimleri / Affixes – Grammatical Terms

Dilbilgisi Terimleri isimli konularda İngilizce dil bilgisi kapsamında terim ve tanımları ele alacağız.
Aşağıda ekler (affixes) ile ilgili hazırladığımız konu anlatımı ve ilgili örnekleri bulabilirsiniz.

Ek (affix) bir kelimenin köküne eklenerek o kelimenin anlamında değişikliğe yol açar. Eğer ek bir
kelimenin önüne eklenirse önek (prefix) sonuna eklenirse sonek (suffix) olarak adlandırılır. Ekler bazen
tire (kısa çizgi) ile ayrılabilir.

Aşağıda eklere örnekler verilmiştir.

inaccurate (Bu kelimedeki ek ‘in-‘ önekidir.)

ex-mayor (Bu kelimedeki ek ‘ex-‘ önekidir.)
walking (Bu kelimedeki ek ‘-ing’ sonekidir.)

‘dis-, in-, re-‘ ve ‘un-‘ önekleri en sık kullanılan önekler iken

‘-es, -ed, -ly’ ve ‘-ing’ sonekleri ise en sık kullanılan soneklerdir.

Aşağıda en çok karşınıza çıkabilecek önek ve sonekler, anlamları ve örnekleri bir tablo halinde
verilmiştir.

Önek Anlam Örnekler

a-, an- Bir şey olmadan, -siz, -sız, -süz amoral, atypical
ante- Önce antecedent, antenatal
Natal: doğuş-doğum
anti- Karşı anti-establishment
auto- Kendi kendine autopilot
circum- Etrafında circumvent
co- İle, birlikte co-conspirator, co-pilot
contra- Karşı contradiction
de- Tersi, zıttı delist, devalue
dis- Tersi, zıttı disappear
en- Eklemek, içine enclose, envelop
ex- Dışarı, çıkarmak extract, ex-governor
extra- Öte, daha fazlası extracurricular
hetero- Farklı heterosexual
homo- Aynı homonym, homophone
hyper- Fazla, daha hyperactive
illegal, impractical, inconsiderate,
il-, im-, in-, ir- Değil, bir şey olmadan, -siz, -sız,
irresponsible
in- İçine insert
inter- Arası internet, intersection,
intra- Arası intranet, intravenous
macro- Büyük macronutrients
micro- Küçük microscope
mono- Tek monocle
non- Değil, bir şey olmadan, -siz, -sız, nonentity, nonstarter,
omni- Tüm, hepsi, her, bütün omnipresent, omniscient
post- Sonra post-mortem
pre-, pro- Sonra, ilerisi precede, project
sub- Altı, submarine, substandard
syn- Eş zamanlı synchronize
super- Üstü supervisor, superhuman
trans- Karşısı transmit
tri- Üçlü, üç tripod, triceratops
un- Değil undone, unfinished,
uni- Tek unicorn, unilaterally

1
ÖN EKLER

Önek Anlamı Örnekler

a, an without, not asexual, amoral, anarchy, anhydrous, Anabaptist,
anachronism
ab, abs, a apart, away from abnormal, abduct, abductor (muscle), abscission .See ad in
Prefixes,
ad toward adhere, adductor (muscle) . See ab in Prefixes section),
adumbrate
agere act agent, agency, agenda
amphi, ambi round, both sides amphitheater, amphibian, ambidextrous, ambivalent
ante before antedate, anteroom, antecedent, anterior
anthro man anthropology, anthropomorphic
anti against antipathy, antitank, anticlimax
aqua water aquarium, aqueous
archaios ancient archeology, archetype, archaic, archeozoic
archos leader, first, chief monarchy, oligarchy, anarchy, archetype, architect
audio hear audiophile, audiometer, auditory
auto self automatic, automaton, auto-immune
bi two bi-partisan, bisexual, biennial, binary, bicuspid, bivalve
bene well, favorable benefit, benevolent, benefactor, beneficent
bible book bibliography, Bible, bibliophile
bio life biology, biography, bio-active
caco bad cacophony
cide kill homicide, parricide, germicidal, ecocide
circum around circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate
constitutus stand constitution, statute
corpus body corpse, corporeal punishment, corpus callosum
cracy rule democracy, theocrat, technocracy
credo belief credit, (see also roots section)
demos people democracy, demographic
di two, double dimorphism, dicotyledon, diatomic
dia across, through diagonal, dialectic, dialogue, diagnosis
dis not, apart disperse, disinherit, disenfranchise, distend
dominus lord dominant, dominion
dynasthai be able dynamic, dynamo, dynasty, dynamite
ego I, self ego, egomaniac, egocentric,
epi upon, over epidermis, epidemic, epigram, epitaph, epithet, epiphyte,
epistasis, epinephrine, epiphysis

ex out exotic, exterior, extraneous, extemporaneous, exophalmic,

exogenous, exothermic, exoskeleton
federis league, pact federation, confederate
frater brother fraternize, fraternity, fraternal, fratricide
geo earth geology, geography, geocentric, geomancy
graph.) write, record graphic, graphite, graphology,
hetero mixed, unlike heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox, heterodont, hetero
atom, heterocyclic, heterozygous,
homo same, alike homogeneous, homogenized, homozygous, homolytic
fission, Homo sapiens, homonid, homeostasis
idem the same identity, idiopathic, I, individual
ideo idea ideology, ideation, ideal
idios one's own idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiopathic
in in incarcerate, incorporate, inculcate, induction, inductance,
2
 indigenous, indicator, inspiration
in, im not incredible, ignoble, inglorious, inhospitable, infinite,
infinitesimal, immoral
inter between interact, interstellar, interpret, interstitial
legis (lex) law legal, legislature
lexis word lexicon, lexicography
liber free, book liberty, library, liberal
locus place locality, local, circumlocution
macro large macroeconomics, macroscopic, macrophage
mania obsession maniac, Beatlemania
meter measure metronome, speedometer, odometer
micro small microscope, micron, micrometer, microorganism
mittere, send mission, transmit, remit
mitto
mono one, single monocle, monopoly, monogamy, monovalent, monomania,
monarchy
mortis death mortician, mortuary, moribund, morbid
nomen name noble, ignominy, nomenclature, nominal
olig few oligarchy, oligopoly
pater father paternal, paternity, patricide
ped foot pedestrian, pedal, pedicure, podiatrist
peri around peripatetic, periscope, perineum, peritoneum
phage eat phagocyte, phagocytosis
philo love philosophy, philanthropy

phobos
phon
polein sell monopoly
polis city political, metropolitan
poly many polygamy, polyphonic, hoi polloi
porto carry porter, export
post after post script (p.s.), ex post facto, post hoc, post-mortem
pre before premier, preview, premium, prescient
pro before, in project, projectile,
favor of
psyche mind, soul psychology
publicus people public, republic, pub, publican
riparia river riparian
scope examine microscope, oscilloscope
scribo (see write transcribe, scribe, script
Roots section
also)
solus alone solo, solitary
subter under, secret subterfuge, subtle, subaltern, subterranean
syn, sym (b, together, with synchronize, syncretic, syncope symphony, sympathy,
p, m öncesi symmetric
"sym")
tele distance telegraph, telephone, teleology
trans across transport, transcend, transmogrify
utilis useful utility, utilitarian
vide, visibil, see video, vision, visible
vis

3
Kök Anlamı Örnekler
acer, acid, bitter, sour, sharp acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony
acri
acu sharp acute, acupuncture, accurate
ag, agi, ig, do, move, go agent, agenda, agitate, navigate, ambiguous, action
act
ali, allo, other alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego, altruism
alter
alt(us) high, deep altimeter, altitude
am, amor love, liking amiable, amorous, enamoured
anni, annu, year anniversary, annually, centennial
enni
anthrop man anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy
anti(co) old antique, antiquated, antiquity
arch chief, first, rule archangel, architect, archaic, monarchy, matriarchy, patriarchy,
Archeozoic era
aster, astr star aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut
aud, aus hear, listen audiology, auditorium, audio, audition, ausculate
aug, auc increase augur, augment, auction
auto, aut self automobile, autograph, automatic
belli war rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose
bibl book Bible, bibliography, bibliomania
bio life biology, biometrics, biome, biosphere
brev short abbreviate, brief
cad, cas to fall cadaver, cadence, cascade
calor heat calorie, caloric, calorimeter
cap, cip, take capable, intercept, forceps, capture, except, reciprocate
cept
capit, capt head decapitate, capital, captain, caption
carn flesh carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal
caus, caut burn, heat caustic, cauldron, cauterize
cause, cuse, cause, motive because, excuse, accusation
cus
ced, ceed, move, yield, go, procedure, proceed, cede, concede, recede, precede, accede,
cede, cess surrender success
cenetri center concentric, centrifugal, centripetal, eccentric
chrom color chrome, chromosome, polychrome, chromatic

chron time chronology, chronometer, synchronize

cide, cise cut down, kill homicide, exorcise, germicide, incision, scissors
cit call, start incite, citation, cite
civ citizen civic, civil, civilian, civilization
clam, claim cry out exclamation, clamor, proclamation, reclamation, acclaim
clud, clus, shut include, conclude, recluse, claustrophobia, occlusion, occult
claus
cognoac, know recognize, prognosis, cognoscenti, incognito, agnostic
gnosi
cord, cor, heart cordial, concord, discord, courage, encourage
cardi
corp body corporation, corporal punishment, corpse, corpulent, corpus luteum
cosm universe, world cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut
4
crat, cracy rule autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracy
crea create creature, recreation, creation
cred believe creed, credo, credence, credit, credulous, incredulous, incredible
cresc, cret, rise, grow crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease, accrue
crease, cru
crit separate, choose critical, criterion, hypocrite
cur, curs run current, concurrent, concur, incur, recur, occur, courier, precursor,
cursive
cura care curator, curative, manicure
cycl, cyclo wheel, circular Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic
deca ten decade, decalogue, decathlon, decahedron
dem people democracy, demography, epidemic
dent, dont tooth dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal
derm skin hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermy
dict say, speak dictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator, Dictaphone, edict, predict,
verdict, contradict, benediction
doc, dokein teach doctrine, indoctrinate, document, dogma, dogmatic
domin master dominate, dominion, predominant, domain
don give donate, condone
dorm sleep dormant, dormitory
dox opinion, praise orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology
drome run, step syndrome (run together), hippodrome (place where horses run)
duc, duct lead induce, seduce (lead aside), produce, reduce
dura hard, lasting durable, duration, endure
dynam power dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamics

endo within endorse, endocardial, endoskeletal, endoskeleton, endosperm

equi equal equinox, equilibrium, equipoise
erg work energy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph, ergophobia
fac, fact, do, make factory, fact, manufacture, amplification, confection
fic, fect
fall, fals deceive fallacy, falsify, fallacious
fer bear, carry ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer, transfer
fid, fide, faith, trust confidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity, infidel, federal,
feder(is) confederacy, semper fi
fila, fili thread filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster
fin end, ended, final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define, finale
finished
fix fix fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix
flex, flect bend flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility, reflect, deflect
flu, fluc, flowing influence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate
fluv
form form, shape form, uniform, conform, formulary, perform, formal, formula
fort, forc strong fort, fortress, fortify, forte, fortitude
fract, frag break fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract
gam marriage bigamy, monogamy, polygamy
gastr (o) stomach gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod
gen birth, race, genesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy, generate, genetic, antigen,
produce pathogen
geo earth geometry, geography, geocentric, geology
5
germ vital part germination, germ, germane
gest carry, bear congest, gestation
gloss, glot tongue glossary, polyglot, epiglottis
glu, glo lump, bond, glue glue, agglutinate, conglomerate
grad, gress step, go grade, gradual, graduate, progress, graduated, egress
graph, gram write, written graph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite, telegram
grat pleasing congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate
grav heavy, weighty grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate
greg herd gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarian
hypn sleep hypnosis, hypnotherapy
helio sun heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric
hema, hemo blood hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostat
here, hes stick adhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary

hetero different heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox

homo same homogeneous, homonym, homogenize
hum, earth, ground, humus, exhume, humane
human man
hydr, hydra, water dehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrogen, hydrophobia
hydro
ignis fire ignite, igneous, ignition
ject throw deject, inject, project, eject, interject
join, junct join adjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction, injunction, conjunction
juven young juvenile, rejuvenate
lau, lav, lot, wash launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute
lut
leg law legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize
levi light alleviate, levitate, levity
liber, liver free liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance
liter letters literary, literature, literal, alliteration, obliterate
loc, loco place locality, allocate, locomotion
log, logo, word, study, catalog, prologue, dialogue, logogram (symbol representing a
ology speech word), zoology
loqu, locut talk, speak eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocution
luc, lum, light translucent, luminary, luster, luna (moon goddess)
lus, lun
macr-, lean emaciated, meager
macer
magn great magnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate, magnitude, magnum
man hand manual, manage, manufacture, manacle, manicure, manifest,
maneuver, emancipate
mand command mandatory, remand, mandate
mania madness mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania
mar, mari, sea, pool marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid
mer
matri mother matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron
medi half, middle, mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre, medium
between, halfway
mega great megaphone, megalopolis, megacycle (a million cycles), megaton
mem remember memo, commemoration, memento, memoir, memorable
meter measure meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometer
micro small microscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave, micrometer
migra wander migrate, emigrant, immigrate

6
mit, miss send emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit, omit,
intermittent, mission, missile
mob, mot, move mobile, motionless, motor
mov
mon warn, remind monument, admonition, monitor, premonition
mor, mort mortal, death mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary
morph form amorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis, morphology
multi many, much multifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply
nat, nasc to be from, to innate, natal, native, renaissance
spring forth
neo new Neolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte, neonate
neur nerve neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, neurotic
nom law, order autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economy
nomen, name nomenclature, nominate, ignominious
nomin
nov new novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate
nox, noc night nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent
numer number numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerable
numisma coin numismatics

oligo few, little Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, oligarchy

omni all, every omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorous
onym name anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonym
oper work operate, cooperate, opus
ortho straight, correct orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox
pac peace pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean
paleo old Paleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism, paleopsychology
pan all Pan-American, pan-African, panacea, pandemonium (place of all
the demons),
pater, patr father paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronize
path, pathy feeling, suffering pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathy
ped, pod foot pedal, impede (get feet in a trap), pedestrian, centipede, tripod,
podiatry, antipode
pedo child orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics
pel, puls drive, urge compel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse, pulsate,
compulsory, expulsion, repulsive
pend, pens, hang, weigh pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage, pensive
pond

phage eat macrophage, bacteriophage

phil love philosophy, philanthropy, philharmonic, bibliophile
phlegma inflammation phlegm, phlegmatic
phobia, fear phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, aquaphobia, ergophobia,
phobos homophobia
phon sound phonograph, phonetic, symphony, homophone, euphonious
photo light photograph, photoelectric, photogenic, photosynthesis
plac, plais please placid, placebo, placate, complacent
plu, plur, more plural, pluralist, plus
plus
pneuma, breath pneumatic, pneumonia,
pneumon
poli city metropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis, megalopolis, acropolis
poly many polysaccharide, polyandrous, polytheistic
7
pon, pos, place, put postpone, component, opponent, proponent, expose, impose,
pound deposit, posture, position, expound, impound
pop people population, populous, popular
port carry porter, portable, transport, report, export, import, support,
transportation
portion part, share portion, proportion
pot power potential, potentate, impotent
prehendere seize, grasp apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, prehensile
prim, prime first primacy, prima donna, primitive, primary, primal, primeval
proto first prototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan, Proterozoic,
protoindustrial
psych mind, soul psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis
punct point, dot punctual, punctuation, puncture, acupuncture, punctuation
reg, recti straighten regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct, rectangle
ri, ridi, risi laughter deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible
rog, roga ask prerogative, interrogation, derogatory
rupt break rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible
sacr, sanc, sacred sacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate, desecrate
secr
salv, salu safe, healthy salvation, salvage, salutation
sat, satis enough satient (giving pleasure, satisfying), saturate, satisfy
sci, scientia know science, conscious, omniscient, cognocienti
scope see, watch telescope, microscope, kaleidoscope, periscope, stethoscope
scrib, script write scribe, scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe, prescribe, manuscript
sed, sess, sit sediment, session, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside,
sid subside

sen old senior, senator, senile

senescere to grow old senescence, evanescent
sent, sens feel sentiment, consent, resent, dissent, sentimental, sense, sensation,
sensitive, sensory, dissension
sequ, secu, follow sequence, consequence, sequel, subsequent, prosecute, consecutive,
sue second, ensue, pursue
serv save, serve servant, service, subservient, servitude, preserve, conserve,
reservation, deserve, conservation, observe
sign, signi sign, mark, seal signal, signature, design, insignia, significant
simil, simul like, resembling similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum, simultaneous
sist, sta, stit stand assist, persist, circumstance, stamina, status, state, static, stable,
stationary, substitute
solus alone solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude
solv, solu loosen solvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble, solution, resolution,
resolute, dissolute
somnus sleep insomnia, somnambulist
soph wise sophomore (wise fool), philosophy, sophisticated
spec, spect, look specimen, specific, spectator, spectacle, aspect, speculate, inspect,
spic respect, prospect, retrospective, introspective, expect, conspicuous
sphere ball, sphere sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid
spir breath spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire, perspire, respiration
string, strict draw tight stringent, strict, restrict, constrict, boa constrictor
stru, struct build construe (build in the mind, interpret), structure, construct,
instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy
sume, sump take, use, waste consume, assume (to take, to use), sump pump presumption (to
take or use before knowing all the facts
8
tact, tang, touch tactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible, contagious, contiguous
tag, tig, ting
tele far telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope, television, telephoto,
telecast, telepathy
tempo time tempo, temporary, extemporaneously, contemporary, pro tem,
temporal
ten, tin, tain hold tenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable, detention, retentive, content,
pertinent, continent, obstinate, contain, abstain, pertain, detain
tend, tent, stretch, strain tendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend, superintend, tender,
tens extent, tension, pretense
terra earth terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial
test to bear witness testament, detest, testimony, attest

the, theo God, a god monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology

therm heat thermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos bottle, thermostat,
hypothermia
thesis, thet place, put antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet
tom cut atom (not cuttable), appendectomy, tonsillectomy, dichotomy,
anatomy
tort, tors twist torture (twisting to inflict pain) retort, extort, distort, contort,
torsion, tortuous, torturous
tox poison toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra draw, pull tractor, attract, subtract, tractable, abstract, subtrahend
tom cut atom (not cutable, smallest particle of matter), appendectomy,
tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy
tort, tors twist torture (twisting to inflict pain), retort, extort (twist out), distort,
contort, torsion
tox poison toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra draw, pull tractor, attract, traction, subtract, tractable, abstract (to draw
away), subtrahend (the number to be drawn away from another).
trib pay, bestow tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution, tributary
turbo disturb turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil
typ print type, prototype, typical, typography, typewriter, typology, typify
ultima last ultimate, ultimatum
umber, shadow umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage, adumbrate
umbraticum
uni one unicorn, unify, university, unanimous, universal
vac empty vacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant, vacuous
vale, vali, strength, worth equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value, valor
valu
ven, vent come convene, intervene, venue, convenient, avenue, circumvent, invent,
convent, venture, event, advent, prevent
ver, veri true very, aver, verdict, verity, verify, verisimilitude
vert, vers turn avert, divert, invert, introvert, convertible, reverse, controversy,
versatile
vic, vicis change, vicarious, vicar, vicissitude
substitute
vict, vinc conquer victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible
vid, vis see video, evident, provide, providence, visible, revise, supervise,
vista, visit, vision
9
viv, vita, vivi alive, life revive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality, vivisection

voc call vocation, avocation, convocation, invocation, evoke, provoke,

revoke, advocate, provocative, vocal
vol will malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition
volcan fire volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan
volvo turn about, roll revolve, voluble (easily turned about or around or talkative),
voluminous, convolution
vor eat greedily voracious, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, devour
zo animal zoo (short for zoological garden), zoology, zoomorphism
(attributing animal form to god), zodiac (circle of animal
constellations), protozoan

10
Ön ekler

ANLAM ÖRNEK KELİME ÖRNEK CÜMLE

Her behaviours are unacceptable. They are
not, without,
a- ateist, amoral completely amoral. (Davranışları kabul edilemez.
lacking
Tamamen ahlakdışılar.)
The absence of a passanger put them alert. (Bir
ab- away from averse, absence
yolcunun eksikliği onları alarma geçirdi.)
Most people don't know anything about their
ante- before antecedent, anteroom antecedents. (Çoğu insan ataları hakkında birşey
bilmez.)
I can't get much benefit from school.
bene- good benefit, benevolent
(Okuldan çok fazla faydalanamıyorum.)
She always goes to school by bicycle.
bi- two bicycle, bilingual
(Okula her zaman bisikletle gider.)
Calculate the circumference of the circle by
circumference,
circum- around using this formula. (Bu formülü kullanarak
circumpolar
dairenin çevresini hesapla.)
The two companies cooperated in order to be
co- together, with co-operate, co-exist more powerful. (İki şirket daha güçlü olmak için
birleşti.)
The police and the army collaborated to catch
col- together, with collect, collaborate the terrorists. (Polis ve ordu teröristleri yakalamak
için işbirliği yaptı.)
She managed to successfully combine her family
com- together, with combine, complete life and a career. (Aile hayatı ve kariyerini
başarılı bir şekilde birleştirmeyi başardı.)
Will you please connect my laptop to the
con- together, with connect, connate television? (Lütfen laptopumu televizyona bağlar
mısın?)
Contrary to popular belief, the poor might be
contra- against countract, contrary happier than rich. (Genel inanışın aksine fakirler
zenginlerden daha mutlu olabilirler.)
He tried to correlate the results of this exam
cor- together, with correlate, correspond with the other one. (Bu sınav sonucunu ötekisi
ile ilişkilendirmeye çalıştı.)
down from, The train will depart in five minutes. (Tren beş
de- depart, detrain
away dakika içinde kalkış yapacak.)
In chess bishops move along diagonal lines.
dia- through, across diagonal, diapositive
(Satrançta filler çapraz bir çizgide ilerlerler.)

Being unemployed has many disadvantages. (İşsiz

dis- apart disadvantage, disinherit
olmanın birçok dezavantajı var.)
dis- not dissatisfy, disinterest I am very dissatisfied with my son's lack of
progress. (Oğlumun ilerleme gösteremeyişinden

11
 çok hoşnutsuzum.)
Cuba don't export goods to United States. (Küba,
ex out, from export, ex-wife
Amerika'ya dış satım(ihracat) yapmıyor.)
He showed an extraordinary performance in
beyond, extracurricular,
extra- university. (Üniversitede olağanüstü bir performans
outside extraordinary
sergiledi.)
Their fights foreshadowed the divorce. (Kavgaları,
fore- front, before forearm, foreshadow
boşanmanın habercisiydi.)
hyperactive, The patient had hypertension. (Hastanın yüksek
hyper- above, beyond
hypertension tansiyonu vardı.)
Surprisingly all of this little town's population is
il- not illiterate illiterate. (Şaşırtıcı bir şekilde bu küçük kasabanın
nüfusunun tamamı okumamış.)
It is impolite to refuse an offer of a drink in
im- not impatient, impolite Turkish customs. (Türk geleneklerinde bir içecek
iktamını reddetmek kabalıktır.)
Those problems are incalculable.
in- not incalculable
(O problemler hesaplanamaz.)
Our hospital has got an international reputation
inter- between international in the treatment of cancer. (Hastenemiz kanser
tedavisinde uluslar arası bir üne sahip.)
Watch out your behaviours. You are behaving
irresponsible,
ir- not very irresponsibly. (Hareketlerine dikkat et. Çok
irresistable
sorumsuzca davranıyorsun.)
wrong, misinform, She misunderstood what I said. (Söylediğimi
mis-
unfavorable misunderstand yanlış anladı.)
There is an old monophonic radio in my
mono- one, alone monophonic grandfather's home. (Dedemin evinde eski, tek
kanallı bir radyo var.)
The students had multitude of questions when the
teacher announced the resuts. (Öğretmen sonuçları
multi- many multitude, multilateral
açıkladığında öğrencilerin çok sayıda sorusu
vardı.)
He has two wives and he defends polygamy. (İki
poly- many polyphonic, polygamy
karısı var ve çokeşliliği savunuyor.)
The book we are reading is about post-war
post script, post-war,
post- after period. (Okuduğumuz kitap savaş sonrası dönemle
postmodern
ilgili.)
We watched the preview of the next episode in
prediction, preview, my cousin's house. (Gelecek bölümün
pre- before
premier fragmanını(öngösterimini) kuzenimin evinde
izledik.)

In retrospect, marrying to him was not a good

backward,
retro- retrospect idea. (Geçmişe bakıldığında onunla evlenmek iyi
back, behind
bir fikir değildi.)
semifinal, semi-circle, The two teams are going to make a semi final
semi- half
semi-automatic match. (İki takım yarı final maçı yapacak.)
sub- under submarine, There is a pedestrian subway under the road.
subconscious, subtitles, (Yolun altında yaya altgeçidi var.)
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 subway
superiority, Superego, Her superiority complex makes her arrogant.
super- above, over
supersonic (Üstünlük duygusu onu kibirli yapıyor.)
symbiosis, symmetry, He was feeling sympathy for the war victims.
sym- with, together
sympathy (Savaş kurbanlarına acıma duyuyordu.)
The lights synchronized with the music. (Işıklar
syn- with, together synchronize
müzikle senkronizeydi.)
distant, far telegraph, telephone, May I use the telephone? (Telefonu kullanabilir
tele-
off television miyim?)
We should show the transaction of smaller deals.
transport, transcend,
trans- across (Daha ufak işlerin işlemlerini göstermemiz
transaction
gerekir.)
Every triangle has three sides and three angles.
tri- three triangle, tricolor
(Her üçgenin üç köşesi ve üç açısı vardır.)
beyond,
They have made an ultra-modern stadium. (Çok
ultra- excessive, ultrasonic, ultramodern
modern bir stadyum yaptılar.)
extreme
I went to Hawaii last year. It was an
unforgiven,
un- not unforgettable journey. (Geçen yıl Hawai'ye gittim.
unforgettable
Unutulmaz bir seyahatti.)

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LATİNCE & YUNANCA SÖZCÜK ÖĞELERİ Sistem Nasıl Çalışıyor
Bu sayfada yalnızca Latince ve Eski Yunanca'dan İngilizce'ye geçmiş kök ve eklerin işleyişine örnekler
sunacağım. Bir sonraki sayfada ise, eski Cermen ve Romans dilleri de dahil olmak üzere, İngilizce'de
rastladığımız kök ve eklerin daha ayrıntılı bir dökümünü bulacaksınız.
Bu kök ve eklerin anlamını bilmek, öğrenme kolaylığı sağladığı gibi, tanımadığımız sözcüklerle
karşılaştığımızda bunların anlamını üç aşağı beş yukarı çıkarsama olanağı da verir.
Önce, Latince'den gelen kök, önek ve sonekler ile başlayacağız.
Latince, bildiğiniz gibi, Roma İmparatorluğu'nun diliydi ve bu haliyle imparatorluğun egemenlik alanları
içinde yaygınlık kazanmıştı. Zamanla değişik bölgelerde konuşulan Latince farklı diller niteliği kazandı.
İtalyanca, Fransızca, İspanyolca ve Portekizce, Latince "ana" dilden inmiş "kardeş" dillerdir.
Kuzey Fransa'daki Normandiya Dükalığı hükümdarı William 1066 yılında İngiltere'yi fethedince, o
zamanın Fransızcası birkaç yüzyıl boyunca ülkenin resmi dili kimliğini kazandı. Zaman içinde yerli
Anglo-Sakson diyelekleri ile etkileşerek, bugün tanıdığımız İngilizce'nin önemli bir öğesini
oluşturmuştur. İngilizce sözcüklerinin yaklaşık %60'ının o dönemde Fransızca'dan geldiği, bunların
büyük bölümünün ise Latince kökenli olduğu hesaplanıyor.
Bununla birlikte, 6. yüzyıldan başlayarak İngiltere'ye Hristiyanlığı getiren keşiş ve papazlar kanalıyla da
pekçok sözcük Latince'den doğrudan geçmiştir.

Latince Kök Temel Anlamı Örnek Sözcükler

-dict- to say contradict, dictate, diction, edict, predict
-duc- to lead, bring, take deduce, produce, reduce
-gress- to walk digress, progress, transgress
-ject- to throw eject, inject, interject, project, reject, subject
-pel- to drive compel, dispel, impel, repel
-pend- to hang append, depend, impend, pendant, pendulum
-port- to carry comport, deport, export, import, report, support
-scrib- to write describe, description, prescribe, prescription, subscribe,
-script- subscription, transcribe, transcription
-tract- to pull, drag, draw attract, contract, detract, extract, protract, retract,
traction
-vert- to turn convert, divert, invert, revert
co- together coauthor, coedit, coheir
de- away, off; generally deactivate, debone, defrost, decompress, deplane
indicates reversal or
removal in English
dis- not, not any disbelief, discomfort, discredit, disrepair, disrespect
inter- between, among international, interfaith, intertwine, intercellular, interject
non- not nonessential, nonmetallic, nonresident, nonviolence,
nonskid, nonstop
post- after postdate, postwar, postnasal, postnatal
pre- before preconceive, preexist, premeditate, predispose,
prepossess, prepay
re- again; back, rearrange, rebuild, recall, remake, rerun, rewrite
backward
sub- under submarine, subsoil, subway, subhuman, substandard

trans- across, beyond, transatlantic, transpolar

through

Latince
Sonek Temel İşlevi & Anlamı Örnek Sözcükler
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-able “capable of" veya "worthy of” likable, flexible
-ible anlamında sıfat yapar
-ation fiilden ad yapar create, creation; civilize, civilization
-fy “to make or cause to become” purify, acidify, humidify
-ify anlamında fiil yapar
-ment fiilden ad yapar entertain, entertainment; amaze,
amazement
-ty sıfattan ad yapar subtlety, certainty, cruelty, frailty, loyalty,
-ity royalty; eccentricity, electricity,
peculiarity, similarity, technicality

Yunanaca Kök Temel Anlamı Örnek Sözcükler

-anthrop- human misanthrope, philanthropy, anthropomorphic
-chron- time anachronism, chronic, chronicle, synchronize,
chronometer
-dem- people democracy, demography, demagogue, endemic, pandemic
-morph- form amorphous, metamorphic, morphology
-path- feeling, suffering empathy, sympathy, apathy, apathetic, psychopathic
-pedo- child, children pediatrician, pedagogue
-ped-
-philo- having a strong philanthropy, philharmonic, philosophy
-phil- affinity or love
for
-phon- sound polyphonic, cacophony, phonetics

Yunanca Önek Temel Anlamı Örnek Sözcükler

a- without achromatic, amoral, atypical, anaerobic
an-
anti- opposite; anticrime, antipollution, antacid
ant- opposing
auto- self, same autobiography, automatic, autopilot
bio- life, living biology, biophysics, biotechnology, biopsy
bi- organism;
biology,
biological
geo- Earth; geography geography, geomagnetism, geophysics, geopolitics
hyper- excessive, hyperactive, hypercritical, hypersensitive
excessively
micro- small microcosm, micronucleus, microscope
mono- one, single, monochrome, monosyllable, monoxide
alone
neo- new, recent neonatal, neophyte, neoconservatism, neofascism,
neodymium
pan- all panorama, panchromatic, pandemic, pantheism
thermo- heat thermal, thermometer, thermostat
therm-

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