LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1: (a) Earthquake Ground Movement at base, and (b) Wind Pressure on exposed
area ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 3.2: (a) Earthquake Ground Motion – zero mean, cyclic, and (b) Wind Pressure –
non-zero mean, oscillatory ................................................................................................................. 8

Figure 3.3: (a) Minor Shaking (b) Moderate Shaking (c) Severe Shaking ........................................ 9

Figure 3.4: Ductility: Buildings are designed and detailed to develop favorable failure
mechanisms that possess specified lateral strength, reasonable stiffness and, above all, good
post-yield deformability. .................................................................................................................. 10

Figure 3.5: Displacement Loading versus Force Loading ............................................................... 11

Figure 3.6: (a) overall geometry, (b) structural elements and (c) significant non-structural
elements ........................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 3.7: Ductility towards lateral deformation yield deformation. .............................................. 13

Figure 3.8: Buildings oscillate by translating along X, Y or Z directions or/and by rotating

about X, Y or Z axes ........................................................................................................................ 18

Figure 3.9: Effect of Natural Period on design horizontal seismic force coefficient ....................... 21

Figure 3.10: Basic modes of oscillation: Two translational and one rotational mode shapes .......... 22

Figure 4.1:Inter-relations that affect Earthquake- Resistance design of building ............................ 24

Figure 4.2: Earthquake Performance Assessment of NEW Buildings ............................................. 25

Figure 4.3: Four broad methods available for Earthquake-Resistant Design ................................... 26

Figure 4.4: Different structural form for different heights of structure ............................................ 29

Figure 5.1: Rectangular plan and C shape plan with courtyard modelled in AUTOCAD ............... 36

Figure 5.2: ETABS model showing the Column and beam position in both the plans. ................... 37

Figure 5.3: ETABS model showing the RC Structural wall position in both the plans. .................. 38

Figure 6.1: Modal Periods ................................................................................................................ 41

Figure 6.2: Modal Frequency ........................................................................................................... 42

Figure 6.3: Story Stiffness ................................................................................................................ 44

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Figure 6.4: Story Displacement graphs for Mysore and Guwahati .................................................. 45

Figure 6.5: 30th story displacement for both the system in both the seismic zone considered ......... 46

Figure 6.6: Story Drift graphs for Mysore ........................................................................................ 47

Figure 6.7: Story Drift graphs for Guwahati .................................................................................... 48

Figure 6.8: Difference in story drifts between framed and RC walled structure in different
shapes ............................................................................................................................................... 48

Figure 6.9: Difference in story drifts between framed and RC walled structure for the same
plans.................................................................................................................................................. 49

Figure 6.10: Story Shear graphs for Mysore and Guwahati ............................................................. 50

Figure 6.11: Story Shear at base for Mysore and Guwahati ............................................................. 51

Figure 6.12: Over turning moments Mysore and Guwahati ............................................................. 52

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Importance Factor Z of buildings as per IS:1893 (Part 1) – 2007 ................................... 17

Table 3.2: Response Reduction Factor R of buildings as per IS:1893 (Part 1) - 2007 .................... 17

Table 5.1: Structural Data and Material Properties .......................................................................... 39

Table 5.2: Seismic, Wind, Dead, Live Loading Parameters............................................................. 40

Table 6.1: Modal period and frequencies for both the structures ..................................................... 43

Table 6.2: Quantity of steel in both the shapes in zone V ................................................................ 53

Table 6.3: Cost of steel ..................................................................................................................... 53

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