TAIPEI 101, TAIWAN

MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG

VIBRATION CONTROL OF
STRUCTURES

3 APRIL 2015

CHIEW SHING MEI Instructor 111447

PRESENTED BY: LIEW KOK KEI Course 111458
113595
MUHAMMAD NAIM BIN MAZELAN
 PRESENTATION OUTLINES

 Understanding of vibration control systems of

structures
 Principles associated with mass damper
 Principles associated with HMD
 Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower
 Application of Hybrid Mass Damper in the
Yokohama Land Mark Tower
 Summary
 VIBRATION CONTROL
SYSTEMS
 In earthquake engineering: A set of technical means aimed to MITIGATE
SEISMIC IMPACTS in building and non-building structures for enhancing
their seismic fitness. (Wikiversity).
 How to control:
1. Dissipate wave energy inside a superstructure e.g. dampers
2. Disperse the wave energy between a wider frequency range
3. Absorb the resonant portions e.g. mass damper
 Types of vibration control:
1. Passive control (TMD, TLD, viscous fluid and friction, base isolation)
2. Active control (AMD, HMD)
3. Semi-active control (combines features of active and passive control
systems)

Now: Understanding of vibration control systems of structures

Next: Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower
 TUNED MASS
Working principles of mass damper: DAMPER (TMD)
 Is a device mounted on structures such as buildings or bridges to reduce
the amplitude of the structures due to the vibrational motions induced by
periodic or non-periodic dynamic loading.
 Operates effectively to prevent internal discomfort and damage as well as
the outright structural failures.
 Installed mass damper moves in opposition to the resonance frequency
oscillations of the structure by means of pendulum, spring or fluid.
 Mass damper that counter-reacts the movement of building guarantees the
safety of buildings when subjected to strong wind blow or light seismic
wave.

Legend

Response Applied
force vibrational
force

Now: Principles associated with TMD

Next: Principles associated with TMD (Con’t)
 TUNED MASS
 These passive vibration control systems have been
DAMPER (TMD)
widely utilized in many high-rise building structures
particularly those located at seismically active zone.
 These include Taipei 101 at Taiwan and One Rincon Hill at U.S. A.

Tuned liquid damper Pendulum tuned mass

(One Rincon Hill) damper (Taipei 101)

Now: Principles associated with TMD (Con’t)

Next: Principles associated with HMD
 HYBRID MASS
 HMD - Combination of a passive tuned mass
DAMPER (HMD)
damper (TMD) and an active control actuator.
 Control actuator is used in conjunction with TMD to increase the efficiency
of the HMD as well as its robustness.
 HMD depends partly on the natural frequency of a structure unlike an
AMD that is independent of the natural frequency.
 In overall, the added device adopted could reduce the structural response
relies mainly on the natural motion of TMD.
 Energy and forces required for operating a typical HMD are far less than a
fully active mass damper system of comparable performance.

Concept of a HMD (Spencer and

Soong, 1999)

Now: Principles associated with HMD

Next: Principles associated with HMD (Con’t)
 HYBRID MASS
 Application of HMD system in Sendagaya INTES DAMPER (HMD)
building in Tokyo (1991): HMD effectively reduces the response at the
fundamental mode by 18% and 28% for translation and torsion motions
respectively.

11TH

Location of Sendagaya
INTES in map

Sendagaya INTES
Spencer and Soong (1999)

Now: Principles associated with HMD (Con’t)

Next: Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower
 YOKOHAMA
LAND MARK TOWER,
JAPAN
BACKGROUND
 Located at Minato Mirai 21 (district of Yokohama city).
 Five-stars hotel (603 rooms), 48 floors of shops, restaurants,
Location of Yokohama
clinic and offices, a 360-degree Sky Garden observatory
station at 69th floor – Main usage: Hotel and Offices.
 Completed in 1993 and it had been known as the tallest
building in Japan before it was surpassed by other buildings .
 Currently the 4th tallest structure in Japan.
 2 tuned dampers are located 282m (71st Floor) above
ground level.
 Currently has the world’s 2ND fastest elevator-traveling at
45 km/h.

Now: Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower

Next: Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)
 YOKOHAMA
LAND MARK TOWER,
JAPAN
GENERAL STRUCTURAL INFORMATION:

Building Type Skyscraper (Tall Building)

Main Structural System Trussed tube
(Framed Tube Structure)
Main Structural Materials Structural steel and
Reinforced concrete (RC)

Facade System (Material) Curtain wall (Granite)

Design Requirement Earthquake-proof Structure
(Vibrational Control (Hybrid Mass Damper)
System)

Now: Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)

Next: Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)
 YOKOHAMA
LAND MARK TOWER, JAPAN
Rankings
Global Ranking
#95 Tallest in the World
Regional Ranking
#43 Tallest in Asia
National Ranking
#2 Tallest in Japan
City Ranking
#1 Tallest in Yokohama

Now: Background of Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)

Next: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower
 APPLICATION OF HMD IN YOKOHAMA
LAND MARK TOWER
 Two 170 – tonnes of multi-step pendulum HMD were
installed in the Landmark Tower at first floor of the building’s
penthouse to improve residential habitability.
 Each unit HMD contained an additional pendulum mass
installed in the centre of a three-nested steel structure with
the three frames connected by triplicating wire
ropes.
 The HMD arranges an actuator and a damper
in parallel. Since the damper dissipates
vibration energy, a certain degree of
reliability is ensured, even though the failure
could be generated by active system.
Multistage Pendulum in Land Mark
Tower

Now: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower

Next: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)
 APPLICATION OF HMD IN YOKOHAMA
LAND MARK TOWER

 It automatically becomes operational and switched between

an active control state and a passive control state as directed
by the sway of the building when the system senses
accelerations in excess of 0.02 m/s^2.

 An active system with many motors driven ball screw can

move the pendulum in two directions and tune it from a
period of 6 s to 4.3 s through the use of a natural period
regulator in order to correspond to natural modes of the
tower.

DUOX System adopted in

Landmark Tower

Now: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)

Next: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)
 APPLICATION OF HMD IN YOKOHAMA
LAND MARK TOWER

 Variable orifice dampers were installed between each frame

to insure stability and safety.

 The damping coefficient is 3,000 Ns/cm when the device stops

and 300 Ns/cm while the system is functioning, which
corresponds to the optimum damping coefficient for a passive
TMD.

 The efficiency of the system allowed designers to use 20% of Yokohama Land
the mass that would have been required in a passive tuned Mark Tower
mass damper system.

Now: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)

Next: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)
 APPLICATION OF HMD IN YOKOHAMA
LAND MARK TOWER

 The hybrid mass damper uses 20% of the energy input that
have been required from an active mass driver.

 The end result is a system that increases the equivalent

structural damping to more than 10 %.

 This hybrid system can reduce until 50% of vibrations induced

by wind and moderate earthquakes. Yokohama Land
Mark Tower

Now: Application of HMD in Yokohama Land Mark Tower (Con’t)

Next: Summary
 High-rise building structures are susceptible to vibrational motions
due to the seismic impact from earthquake and the laterally acting
wind force. SUMMARY
 Vibration control systems become utmost important for such
structures to have mitigated from damage caused by ground seismic
waves and wind load.
 Vibration control systems can be classified into passive control,
active control and semi-active control which enhance the building
seismic fitness.
 Yokohama Landmark Tower implemented Hybrid Mass Damper as its
vibration control system.
 HMD is the combination of a tuned mass damper and the control
actuator which is used to increase the efficiency of HMD and its
robustness.
 In Yokohama Landmark Tower, HMD operates automatically and
switches between active control state and passive control state
when excess acceleration is detected.
 The hybrid system can reduce until 50% of vibrations induced by
wind and moderate earthquake.
Now: Summary
Next: References and Ending
 REFERENCES

We referred to the following:

 http://web-japan.org/atlas/architecture/arc10.html
 http://en.japantravel.com/view/yokohama-landmark-tower
 http://www.emporis.com/buildings/105181/yokohama-
landmark-tower-yokohama-japan
 http://www.ce.tuiasi.ro/~bipcons/Archive/80.pdf

THE END
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
ATTENTION 

Now: Introduction to the selected full scale structure

Next: Vibrational control system adopted in Yokohama Landmark
tower