12 STD ZOOLOGY Pratical EM PDF

Practical Zoology Manual
For
__________________________________ XII standard ` B`

______________________ Higher Secondary School,
PPuudduucchheerrrryy ..
PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY MANUAL
Model Question Paper
HIGHER SECONDARY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION, 2019.

Second Year
மேல்நிலை செயல்முறறத் மேர்வு, 2019.
~~~~
School Name : .
Date: / , February 2019. Session: F N. / A N. Batch: 1 / 2
Name: Class: XIIA1 B Reg.No.
Subject: ZOOLOGY. விைங்கியல்.
Time: 90 Minutes Marks:15
1. உணவு மாதிரிகள் I, II, IIIஇல் உள்ள குளுக்மகோஸ் மற்றும் ஸ்டோர்ச் ச ாய௃ட்கறள உரிய
சொதறை முறறகளில் கண்டறிந்து முடிவிறை செயல் முறறயுடன் அட்டவறைப் டுத்தவும்.
Find the presence of Glucose and Starch in the given three samples (I, II, III).
Write the procedure adopted and tabulate the results. 5 Marks
2. கண்டுபிடித்து தேரிவிக்கவும்: Identify and Report:
உணவு மாதிரி A இல் புரதம் அல்லது சகாழுப்பு உள்ளதா என் றத உரிய சொதறை முறறகளில்
கண்டறிந்து முடிவிறை சதரிவிக்கவும்:
Find the presence of Protein or Lipid in the given sample A. 2 Marks
3. Identify and Report:கண்டுபிடித்து தேரிவிக்கவும்:
எந்த மாதிரிக்கறரெலில் (B / C) யூரியா உள்ளது என் றத உரிய சொதறை முறறகளில்
கண்டறிந்து முடிவிறை சதரிவிக்கவும்:
Detect the presence of Urea in the given samples B and C. 2 Marks
ரிசொதறை செய்த மாதிரிகறள ார்றவக்கு றவத்தல் அவெியம்.
Leave the tested samples for inspection
4. D, E, F– ல் உள்ளறவ யாசதை கண்டறிந்து குறிப்புறர எழுதவும்.

(சதளிவாை டங்கள், ாகங்கள் குறிப் ிடுதல் அவெியம்)
Identify and write notes with neat labeled diagrams on D, E and F. 6 Marks
Internal Assessment (Record + Project report) 5 Marks

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2
Prepared for XII ` Zoology Long Version: 2018.
Ex. No. Date Title of Experiment Signature

1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
3
Ex. No.1
Entamoeba histolytica
Identification: Entamoeba histolytica.
Zoological notes:
It is an endoparasitic protozoan, worldwide in distribution.
Its infestation causes amoebic dysentry or amoebiasis.
The mature, active adult organism is called as trophozoite.
They are 20-30 microns in diameter.
It has clear ectoplasm and granular endoplasm with a nucleus.
The endoplasm has food vacuoles containing bacteria and host cell nuclei.
Trophozoite usually lives in the lumen of the intestine also invade the mucous and sub-
mucous of intestinal walls.
Gradually trophozoite gets encysted which contains mass of glycogen and chromatin
bodies.
The infection takes place by ingestion of cyst causes amoebiasis.
We can prevent amoebiasis by personal hygiene.
4
Ex.No. 2
Tapeworm – Scolex
Identification: Tapeworm -Scolex:
Zoological notes
1. Taenia solium is a pork tapeworm inhabits in the human intestine.
2. The head of taenia or Scolex is attached to the wall of the intestine.
3. The scolex is just the size of a pin’s head.
4. Terminal region of scolex bears the cone shaped Rostellum,
5. At the base of rostellum there is a double row of chitinous hooks.
6. The rostellar hooks are 28 in number.
7. The scolex bears 4 cup shaped suckers or acetabula.
8. Head is followed by a slender neck.
9. The neck is followed by the body or strobila.
5
Ex.No.3
Mature Proglottid of Taenia Solium
Identification: Mature Proglottid of Taenia Solium.

Zoological notes:
Taenia solium is a hermaphrodite worm.

The body or strobila is made up of many segments called proglottids.
Each proglottids has both male and female sex organs.
The anterior proglottids of the body are younger.
The Mature proglottids contain fully developed organs of both sexes.
Mature proglottids have numerous testes.
The ovary is single bilobed structure.
The testes are connected by fine tubules with a single large sperm duct.
6
Ex.No.4
Red Blood Corpusclesor Erythrocytes
Identification: Red Blood Corpuscles or Erythrocytes.

Zoological notes:
Human Red Blood Corpuscles or Erythrocytes are circular, Bi-concave, discoidal and
non-nucleated cells.
RBCs’ size are normally uniform. Its diameter is 7.2 microns.

The thickness is 1 micron at the center and 2.2 microns at the margin.
RBC is made up of stroma.
Haemoglobin gives red color to this cells.
Normal count in adult male is 4.2 – 5.8 million per cubic mm.
In female 3.6 – 5.2 million per cubic mm.
Decrease in RBC level is anaemia.
Increase in RBC level is called as Polycythemia.
7
Ex.No.5
White Blood CellsorLeucocytes
Identification: White Blood Cells or Leucocytes.

Zoological notes:
Human White Blood Corpuscles or Leucocytes are nucleated, colorless cells.
WBCs’ size ranges from 8 to 15 microns.
Normal WBC count is 5000 million per cubic mm
They are classified into Granulocytes and Agronulocytes.
The granulocytes contain granular cytoplasm, lobed nuclei and fine chromatic granules.
Neutrophils, Eosinophils and basophils are granular.
Agranulocytes have no granules in cytoplasm.
They are Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
Decrease in WBC count leads to leucopenia. Increase of WBC results Leukemia.
8
Ex.No.6
Mammalian BrainL.S.
Identification: Longitudinal Section ofHuman Brain L.S.

i. The Brain is located in the cranial cavity.
ii. It is divisible into fore brain, mid brain and hind brain.
iii. Fore brain comprises diencephalon and the cerebrum.
iv. The Mid brain connects the fore brain with hind brain.
v. Hind brain comprises cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata.
vi. The cerebrum is associated with intelligence, memory, emotions, learn-ability
from experience.
vii. Cerebellum maintains muscle tone and pasture of the body.
viii. The medulla oblongata controls autonomous activities such as circulation
and respiration.
9
Ex.No.7
EyeModel
i. The eye is a photo receptor organ made of three layers.

ii. The outer white layer is Sclera which forms as cornea in front.
iii. The middle layer is choroid.
iv. The inner layer is retina comprises rod and cone cells.
v. The eye lens is transparent and biconvex which has the power of
accommodation.
vi. Iris gives color to the eye.
vii. In retina the rods are responsible for scotopic vision.
viii. The cones control the photopic vision.
10
Ex.No.8.
Human Ear(Internal Structure)
i. The ear is a phono receptor organ.

ii. In the ear, physical vibrations are detected and converted into electrical
signals.
iii. The middle ear has three ossicles called malleus, incus and stapes.
iv. Malleus: Handle of the malleus has contact with inner surface of the ear
drum.
v. Head of the malleus is attached with Incus.
vi. Stapes: On one side it attaches with Incus, the Other side fits into the
Oval window.
vii. Oval window leads to the inner ear, and communicates with the vestibule
of the inner ear
viii. The inner ear has sensitive cochlea and the vestibules.
11
Ex.No.9
Mammalian Kidney L.S.
i. Kidneys are paired structures present in the lumbar region.

ii. Each kidney is dark reddish, bean shaped structure.
iii. In a longitudinal section, the outer dark region is cortex, the paler inner
region is the medulla.
iv. The medulla region contains many pyramidal structures called the renal
pyramids.
v. Each kidney contains numerous tubules called nephrons which are the
functional units of the kidney.
12
Ex.No.10.
Nephron ( Structure of a Nephron)
i. The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney

ii. Each nephron consists of Malphigian capsule and uriniferous tubule.
iii. At the malphigian capsule, glomerular filtration takes place.
iv. Uriniferous tubule reabsorbs useful substances from glomerular filtrate.
v. Uriniferous tubule leads to collecting tubule.
vi. Many collecting tubules unite together to form duct of Bellini
13
Ex.No. 11.
HeartModel- Internal structure
i. Heart is a muscular, conical and pumping organ situated in the

mediastinum.
ii. The heart has four chambers, the upper two chambers are called atria
and the lower chambers are called the ventricles.
iii. The aperture between Right atrium and right ventricle is guarded with
tricuspid valve.
iv. The aperture between left atrium and left ventricle is guarded with
bicuspid valve.
v. The Blood vessels connected to the heart are: Left Atrium - Superior
venacava, Inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, Right atrium - Four
pulmonary veins, Left Ventricle - Aorta, Right Ventricle- Pulmonary
artery.
vi. Relaxation of the heart muscles is called diastole, Contraction of the
heart muscles is Systole.
vii. Heart beat is said to be myogenic origin
14
Ex.No.12.
Stethoscope
i. The stethoscope helps to find normal versus abnormal heart sounds and to
diagnose valve functions.
ii. The stethoscope can indicate fluid in lungs in case of pneumonia and
pulmonary edema.
iii. It can diagnose diseases like bronchitis and pleuritis.
iv. The stethoscopes are also used to compare the movements in the normal
versus overactive or underactive intestinal tract.
v. The stethoscopes are also used along with the sphygmomanometer.
15
Ex.No.13
Sphygmomanometer
i. It is an instrument used to measure blood pressure.

ii. The blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of
arteries.
iii. Blood pressure is measured when a person is in relaxed and resting
condition.
iv. The normal blood pressure value is 120/80 mm mercury.
v. Relaxation of the heart muscles is called diastole measures 80 mm/Hg
vi. Contraction of the heart muscles is Systole measures 120 mm/Hg.
16
Ex.No.14.
An Eye drop bottle having antibiotic fluid
i. An eye drop is to be administered strictly according to the prescription

issued by a qualified doctor to specific persons.
ii. Eye drops are available for infections, alleregic reactions, inflammations,
glaucoma and other illnesses.
iii. Certain eye drops may have adverse effects and allergic reactions in some
people.
iv. Special precautions are to be taken while using this eye drop bottle.
v. The Tip of the dropper should not be touched.
17
Ex.No.15
Antiseptic Lotion
i. The antiseptics are agents that inhibit the growth of microbes such as
bacteria and viruses.
ii. Antiseptics are used to prepare the skin before operation to achieve surgical
cleanliness.
iii. Antiseptics are also used for abrasions and cuts.
iv. The most commonly used antiseptic solutions contain chloroxylenol, a
bactericidal chemical which is used in wound disinfection, operation
theaters and hospital wards.
18
Ex.No.16
Bifocal spectacles
i. The spectacles are commonly used for correcting refractive errors.

ii. The deviations in focal length system of the eye causes short sighted and
long sighted conditions. Such errors can be corrected by bifocals.
iii. In bifocal, The upper part lens is meant for distant vision and the lower
part for near vision
iv. The lens pieces may be kept adherent to each other or they may be fused
together.
v. The lenses are usually made up of crown glass.
19
Ex. No. Name of the Test Date Remarks

1 Benedict’ test ( Test for Glucose)
2 Iodine test ( Test for Starch)
3 Saponification test ( Test for Lipid)
4 Ninhydrin test ( Test for Protein)
5 Phenol Red test ( Test for Urea)
6 Nessler’s reagent Test ( Test for Urea)
Find the presence of Glucose and Starch in the
7
given samples I, II and III.
Identify and Report the presence of Protein or
8
Lipid in the given sample A.
Identify and report the presence of Urea in the
9
given samples B and C.
20
TEST FOR GLUCOSE: { BENEDICT’S TEST }
Aim: To find the presence of Glucose in the given samples I, II and III
by Benedicts test
Reagents required: Benedict’s solution.
Procedure and T
Sample Procedure Observation Result

I 1 ml. of sample is taken in a
clean test tube.
Presence of
With this 1 ml of Benedict’s Appearance of
Glucose
reagent is added. Brick Red color
is confirmed
This mixture is heated and
cooled.
II 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test
No appearance of Absence of
tube. With this 1 ml of Benedict’s reagent
Brick Red color Glucose
is added.
III 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test
tube. With this 1 ml of Benedict’s reagent
No appearance of Absence of
is added.
Brick Red color Glucose
This mixture is heated and cooled.
Result: The given Sample I contains Glucose.
21
TEST FOR STARCH: { IODINE TEST }
Aim: To Find the presence of Starch in the given samples I, II and III by Iodine test
Reagents required: Iodine solution.
Procedure and Tabulation:
Sample Experiment / Procedure adopted Observation Inference
I 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

With this 2 or 3 drops of Iodine solution is No characteristic Absence of
change Starch
added and mixed well.
II 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this 2 or 3 drops of Iodine solution is No characteristic Absence of
change Starch
III 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
Presence of
With this 2 or 3 drops of Iodine solution is Appearance of
Starch is
Dark Blue color
added and mixed well. confirmed
Result: The given Sample III contains Starch
22
Test for Lipid {Saponification test}
Aim: To Find the presence of Lipid in the given sample A by Saponification test.
Reagents required: 5% NaOH Solution.

Appearance
1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube. With Presence of
ofWhite
A this 1 ml of 5% NaOH solution is added and
Soapy
Lipidis
mixed well. confirmed
solution
Result: The given sample A contains Lipid.
Test for Protein{Ninhydrin test}
Aim: To Find the presence of Protein in the given sample A by Ninhydrin test.
Reagents required: Ninhydrin reagent.

1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this 2 or 3 drops of Ninhydrin reagent is
Appearance of Presence of
A added and mixed well. This mixture is Protein is
Blue color confirmed
heated to boil and cooled down to room
temperature.
Result: a) The given sample A contains Protein.
23
Test for Urea {Phenol Red test}
Aim: To Find the presence of Urea in the given samples B and C by Phenol red test.
Reagents required: Phenol red solution, Horse gram powder.
B 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

With this 2 grams of Phenol red solution is
Deep Brown or Red Urea is
added. It is followed with the addition of a
color precipitate confirmed
pinch of horse gram powder.
C 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

With this 2 grams of Phenol red solution is No characteristic Absence of
added. It is followed with the addition of a change Urea
Result: The Urea is Present in the Sample B.
TEST FOR UREA: { NESSLERS REAGENT TEST }
Aim: To Find the presence of Urea in the given samples B and C

by Nessler’s reagent test.
Reagents required: Nessler’s reagent., Horse gram powder.
B 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

With this of a pinch of horse gram powder is No characteristic Absence of
added. It is followed with the addition 2 drops change Urea
of Nessler’s reagent.
C 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this of a pinch of horse gram powder is
Reddish Brown or Urea is
added. It is followed with the addition 2 drops
Pink precipitate confirmed
of Nessler’s reagent.
Result: The Urea is Present in the Sample C.
24
Q.1: Find the presence of Glucose and Starch in the given samples I, II and III.
Aim: To Find the presence of Glucose and Starch in the given samples I, II and III
by Benedicts test and Iodine test respectively.
Reagents required: Benedict’s reagent, Iodine solution.

TEST FOR GLUCOSE: { BENEDICT’S TEST }
Sl.
No. Sample Experiment / Procedure adopted Observation Inference
1 I 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean
Presence of
test tube. With this 1 ml of Benedict’s Appearance of
Glucose is
reagent is added. This mixture is Brick Red color
confirmed
heated and cooled.
2 II 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
No characteristic Absence of
With this 1 ml of Benedict’s reagent is added.
change Glucose
3 III 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this 1 ml of Benedict’s reagent is added.
change Glucose
Result: The given Sample I contains Glucose.
TEST FOR STARCH: { IODINE TEST }

Sl.
No. Sample Experiment / Procedure adopted Observation Inference
1 I 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this 2 or 3 drops of Iodine solution is
change Starch
2 II 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this 2 or 3 drops of Iodine solution is
change Starch
3 III 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean
test tube. With this 2 or 3 drops of
Dark Blue Starch is
Iodine solution is added and mixed
color confirmed
well.
Result: The given Sample IIIcontains Starch..
Result: a) The given sample I contains Glucose.

b) The given sample III contains Starch.
25
Q.2: Identify and Report the presence of Protein or Lipid in the given sample A.
Aim: To Find the presence of Protein or Lipid in the given sample Aby Ninhydrin test
and Saponification test respectively.
Reagents required: Ninhydrin reagent, 5% NaOH solution.

1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean
test tube. With this 2 or 3 drops of
Sample Ninhydrin reagent is added and Presence of
Test for Protein Appearance of
Protein is
A {Ninhydrin test} mixed well. This mixture is heated to Blue color
confirmed
boil and cooled down to room
temperature.
No appearance
Test for Lipids 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
Sample of White Absence of
{Saponification With this 1 ml of 5% NaOH solution is
A Soapy Lipid
Test} added and mixed well.
solution
Result: The given Sample AcontainsProtein.
Result: The given sample A contains Protein.
0r
1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test

Sample tube. With this 2 or 3 drops of No appearance
Test for Protein of
Absence of
Ninhydrin reagent is added and mixed
A {Ninhydrin test}
well. This mixture is heated to boil and Blue color Protein
cooled down to room temperature.
1 ml. of sample is taken in a Appearance

Test for Lipids Presence of
Sample
clean test tube. With this 1 ml ofWhite
{Saponification Lipidis
A of 5% NaOH solution is added Soapy
Test} confirmed
and mixed well. solution
Result: The given Sample AcontainsLipid.
Result: The given sample A contains Lipid.
26
Q.3: Identify and report the presence of Urea in the given samples B and C.
Aim: To Find the presence of Urea in the given samples B and C by Nesslers reagent /
Phenol red test.
Reagents required: Nesslers reagent / Phenol red solution, Horse gram powder.

TEST FOR UREA: { PHENOL RED TEST }
Sl.
No.
1 B 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean
test tube. With this 2 grams of Appearance of Presence of
Phenol red solution is added. It is Deep Brown or Red Urea is
followed with the addition of a pinch color precipitate confirmed
of horse gram powder.
2 C 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this 2 grams of Phenol red solution is No characteristic Absence of
added. It is followed with the addition of a change Urea
Result: The given Sample BcontainsUrea.
Result: The Urea is Present in the Sample B.
TEST FOR UREA: { NESSLERS REAGENT TEST }

Sl.
No.
1 B 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.
With this of a pinch of horse gram powder is No characteristic Absence of
added. It is followed with the addition 2 change Urea
drops of Nessler’s reagent.
2 C 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean
test tube. With this of a pinch of Appearance of Presence of
horse gram powder is added. It is Reddish Brown or Urea is
followed with the addition 2 drops of Pink precipitate confirmed
Nessler’s reagent.
Result: The given Sample C contains Urea.
Result: The Urea is Present in the Sample C.
27

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Practical Zoology Manual

__________________________________ XII standard ` B`

Model Question Paper

HIGHER SECONDARY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION, 2019.

Date: / , February 2019. Session: F N. / A N. Batch: 1 / 2

Name: Class: XIIA1 B Reg.No.

Subject: ZOOLOGY. விைங்கியல்.

Time: 90 Minutes Marks:15

4. D, E, F– ல் உள்ளறவ யாசதை கண்டறிந்து குறிப்புறர எழுதவும்.

Internal Assessment (Record + Project report) 5 Marks

Ex. No. Date Title of Experiment Signature

Identification: Entamoeba histolytica.

Identification: Tapeworm -Scolex:

Identification: Mature Proglottid of Taenia Solium.

Taenia solium is a hermaphrodite worm.

Red Blood Corpusclesor Erythrocytes

Identification: Red Blood Corpuscles or Erythrocytes.

RBCs’ size are normally uniform. Its diameter is 7.2 microns.

Identification: White Blood Cells or Leucocytes.

Identification: Longitudinal Section ofHuman Brain L.S.

i. The eye is a photo receptor organ made of three layers.

i. The ear is a phono receptor organ.

i. Kidneys are paired structures present in the lumbar region.

i. The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney

i. Heart is a muscular, conical and pumping organ situated in the

i. It is an instrument used to measure blood pressure.

i. An eye drop is to be administered strictly according to the prescription

i. The spectacles are commonly used for correcting refractive errors.

Ex. No. Name of the Test Date Remarks

TEST FOR GLUCOSE: { BENEDICT’S TEST }

Reagents required: Benedict’s solution.

Sample Procedure Observation Result

Result: The given Sample I contains Glucose.

TEST FOR STARCH: { IODINE TEST }

Reagents required: Iodine solution.

Procedure and Tabulation:

Sample Experiment / Procedure adopted Observation Inference

I 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

Result: The given Sample III contains Starch

Test for Lipid {Saponification test}

Reagents required: 5% NaOH Solution.

Procedure and Tabulation:

Sample Procedure Observation Result

Result: The given sample A contains Lipid.

Test for Protein{Ninhydrin test}

Reagents required: Ninhydrin reagent.

Procedure and Tabulation:

Sample Procedure Observation Result

Result: a) The given sample A contains Protein.

Test for Urea {Phenol Red test}

Sample Experiment / Procedure adopted Observation Inference

B 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

C 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

Result: The Urea is Present in the Sample B.

TEST FOR UREA: { NESSLERS REAGENT TEST }

Aim: To Find the presence of Urea in the given samples B and C

Sample Experiment / Procedure adopted Observation Inference

B 1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube.

Result: The Urea is Present in the Sample C.

Reagents required: Benedict’s reagent, Iodine solution.

Procedure and Tabulation:

TEST FOR STARCH: { IODINE TEST }

Result: a) The given sample I contains Glucose.