Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Giving invitations
Some expressions used in giving invitations:
- would you like to come to my party?
- Will you come to my party?
- Could you come to my party?
- Won’t you come to my party?
- How about coming to my party?
Responses :
(+) yes I’d love to (-) if you don’t mind, I’d rather not
(+) thank you (-) thank you but I am afraid
(+) that’s a good idea (-) I’d love to but I have another appointment
(+) I would, thank you (-) I’m sorry but I can’t
Bargaining (menawar)
Some expressions used in bargaining
v Is there any discount??
v What about Rp. 50.000,00?
v Can you make it $ 1?
v What about 20% off?
Expression certainty
Some expressions show certainty:
v I am absolutely sure about it
v I am sure that….
v I have no doubt at all
v It’s quite certain
v I’m certain about it
Giving congratulations
v memberikan ucapan selamat selalu menggunakan “CONGRATULATIONS” dan responnya
“thank you”
Giving opinions
Asking for someone’s opinions
v what do you think of…..?
v what is your opinion about?
v Would you give me your opinion about….
v How do you feel about?
Giving opinion:
v I think I like it
v I don’t thing think I care for it
v In my opinion, I would rather….
v As far as I concerned….
Saying disagreement :
v I think you’re wrong
v I don’t really agree with you
v I don’t agree with you/ I disagree with you.
v I (totally) disagree wit you.
v I don’t think so.
v You/he can’t mean that.
v Surely not, I can’t agree with that…
v No way/ nonsense.
v I’m afraid, I have my own opinion.
v I don’t hink that is a good idea.
v That’s not right/ that’s not true.
v Etc.
Expressing argument
v Yes, I partly agree with you but,…..
v I agree to some extents but,…
v I see what you mean but,…
v I agree with you but, in the other hand….
Complete the following dialogue using the expressions showing Agreement (=) / Disagreement (-
). Number one is done as an example.
Now read the article about NAJIP ALI, than answer question no 1-5 below.
The first thing you notice about Najip is that you actually will notice him, whether he’s striding
across the street, sitting an a café sipping juice, or a storming up a scene in the discos. He’s hard
to miss, with his spaced-out spectacles, winsome wig and even more winsome smile. In one of
his 30-odd hats, Najip is, in the words of one of his friends, “a character”. Entertainment is a word
very near to Najip’s heart – a heart which, you will notice, is in the right place.
“I want to entertain, that’s my job. But I want to create arts for the masses, for the normal people,
not some elite group”. Mohd Najip Ali is Singapore’s premier choreographer.
So when one talks about entertaining the masses, out for. The “normal” people, according to
Najip, are the young, especially, and he usually targets his shows for them.
“I try to make my shows appealing and relevant to youngsters. I like to combine fashion and
music, so they can be informed and inspired.
(taken from Her world magazine 1996).
Questions.
1. Describe about Najip Ali external appearance! ____________________________
2. When does Najip Ali live? _____________________________________
3. In what occasion can you see him? ___________________________
4. What is Najip Ali’s job? __________________
5. What can his life be related to? ________________________
Find the error on every sentence below. Discuss the answer wiyh your friends.
1. The secretary checked the spelling before sending the book to the publish.
2. I want to be the first to congratulation on your success.
3. If it rains, we had to cancel the parade scheduled for today.
4. Rizwar did not win the competition because he had sung the songs wonderfully.
5. It is amazed that those children can perform the play on the stage well.
6. The beautifully dance has been performance by the art students.
7. Computerized word processing so much fastest than typing on a typewriter.
8. The M supermarket annual sell is held the first two weeks in December every
years.
TEETH CARE
Question.
1. What are the benefits of brushing and flossing teeth?
2. How can cavities be prevented?
3. What is the maning of plaque?
4. When was tooth-waste found?
5. What ingredients does tooth-waste contain?
6. What do dentists suggest in order to minimize damage to teeth and gums?
7. What will you do when yor teeth are too sensitive in terms of toothpaste?
Read the following text and answer the question below.
Dentist Can Help You to Brush Up on Baby Care
As many as 20 percent of children have cavities by the age of 3, and those cavities might be
avoided with early checkups. Children are to see their dentist by the age of 1 but many parents
do not bring children in for their first checkup until age 2 or 3. This delay means dentists miss a
chance to educate parents on caring for their young children’s teeth. And parental education is
critical, because children under the age of 5 or 6 lack the physical skills to really do a good job of
brushing and flossing on their own.
Children do develop decay, and some of it is oftent rampant decay. If this decay is detected at an
earlier age it would be far less difficult for the children and the parents. Extensive decay may
require a root canal and caps on baby teeth at a surgery cost of around $5,000.
When children wake at night and are breast feed or bottle feed and than put back to bed without
brushing their teeth, this occurrence leaves milk on the teeth overnight which invites the growth
of bacteria that cause tooth decay. Cleaning their mouth is important to prevent decay and to
help them get use to having someone in their mouth. Since babies can’t pit, use infant tooth and
gum cleanser without fluoride and brush from the gum line, not just the tips of teeth. Flossing
should start by age 4 – or sooner if the teeth have ground close enough to eliminate the spaces
between them.
Parents if your child doesn’t want you to brush his teeth remember that just because he doesn’t
like it, doesn’t mean you are off the hook. There’s a lot of things children don’t like!, but yu have
to take tooth and dental care seriously.
Question
1. How do parents avoid their children’s teeth cavities?
2. Why should parents bring their children to see the dentist by the age of 1?
3. Why is the parental aducation critical?
4. What will happen when the children’s teeth decay is detected at a later age?
5. What does the extensive decay require?
6. What causes children’s teeth decay?
7. How do parents minimize their children’s teeth decay?
8. When do parents start flossing?
Find the incorrect word or phrase, than put it into the right form.
1. The sequence of manufacturing processes are first established for each part of
the product and recorded on a process sheet.
2. One important mechanical test in the tensile test to destructions which in a
specimen is subjected to increasing tensile forces until it fractures.
3. In advanced design work, special in designing skyscraper blocks, loadings up to
the plastic state of metals are now used.
4. The work done by a machine on a load is aqual as the load times the distance
moved by the load.
5. To simplifying engineering calculations, it is assumed that gravity is the same
everywhere on the earth’s surface.
6. The force which must be overcome to keep one surface moving over another is
small than static friction.
7. A force may make a body rotating about a point and move in a straight line at
the same time.
8. A body is in stress when forces which cause its size and shape to change
are applying to it.
Read the text below and answer the question that follow.
A jet propulsion motor, in principle, is merely a combustion chamber in wigh solid or liquid fuel is
burned, and wich has an opening or jet to direct the gaseous product of combustion in the
desired direction. For concreteness, consider the flight of a rocket. The momentum of the rocket
is initially zero. When its charge of fuel is ignited, the stream of exhaust gases acquires a
momentum in the downward direction, and since momentum in conserved, the rocket acquires
an aqual and oppositely directed momentum. From the viewpoint of the forces involved, the gas
in the combustion chamber pushes downward on the gases in the jet, and upward on the body of
the rocket.
9. Conjunction/concessive relationship
Conjunction adalah kata hubung antar klausa. Misalnya untuk manjelaskan alasan/reason
menggunakan because, as, atau since (KARENA), although, even though (MESKIPUN)
v because
- she couldn’t come on time because she was sick
v as
-as it is public holiday, you won’t find any shops open
v since
-I didn’t meet the boy since I didn’t come to his house
v although
- I am going to buy a computer even though I don’t have much money
v even though
- I am going to buy a computer although I don’t have nuch money
Learn the complex sentence showing concessive relationship.
Example:
Although the agenda had been carefully discussed, there were complaints
from the participants.
Now, join the sentence below using the sentence connectors such as:
Althought, however, nevertheless, anyway. Find the meaning of those words in your dictionary.
Practise a discussion between Winny and Tya, than answer the questions.
Tya : you really don’t like “Rumah Cemara” film on TV?
Winny: No, not at all.
Tya : And you don’t like “Bajaj Bajuri”?
Winny: No, I think it’s boring.
Tya : But those are my favourite television programs. What about “Indonesian Idol”?
Winny: To be honest, I don’t like it. Sometimes I watched it but I never do it on
purpose.
Tya : I can’t believe it. You must be joking.
Winny: I’m not kidding. I mean it.
Tya : What program is your favourite?
Winny: Legend films. I like legend films.
Tya : Wow. … that’s a litlle bit schoking. Legend films. … what’s so interesting
about them?
Winny: Well you don’t see the essence of it. In legend films, there’re conflicts
between the forces of goodness and the forces of evil.
Tya : And who’s the favourite actor?
Winny: I like Choky Adriano for the protagonist and Aris Kurniawan for the
Antagonist.
Tya : Well … well, you are one of a kind yourself. I prefer the films that shows
reality like “ Rumah Cemara” and “Bajaj Bajuri”.
Questions
1. Does Winny like films that shows relities? ………………………………………………….
2. What kind of films does Winny like? …………………………………………………..
3. Who are her favourite actors? ……………………………………………………
4. What programs are Tya’s favourite? ……………………………………………………
Choose the incorrect words or phrase, than put it into the right form.
Internet is taking hold in Indonesia. And for sure it is happening very fast. It is used by scientists,
computer hackers, lawyers, businessman and other users. For anyone interested in knowing
what internet offers, here are some menus:
Electronic mail / E-mail / messaging
Message/letter sent to the other end of the globe are received in second. You don’t have to pay
international direct dialing rates to send E-mail.
Remote login / Telnet
This facility enable an internet user to use software available on the other computers, wherever
they maybe, provided you know the login name and the password too.
Fetching files, large documents and program from everywhere must be the most fascinating
experience for many internet users. In just second, you’ve got the files you need.
You can get the access to WWW rages which contain sounds, text, pictures and moving images.
Think of WWW as television. There are thousand of pages. Not just five chanels. There is no
censorship and commercials.
Archie, veronica, jughead and WAIS (wide area information servers)
Tool for searching the huge libraries of information on the internet.
Questions.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is …
A. Explanation about internet in Indonesia
B. Internet is happening very fast
C. Internet is introduced in Indonesia
D. Scientist, lawyers, businessman and other users
2. “… provided, you know the login name…” (number 2). The underlined word in this
sentence means …
A. As long as
B. Even though
C. Anyway
D. However
Noun clauses
Pay attention on this example below!
Ungkapan-ungkapan untuk mengoperasikan suatu alat/ mesin dalam melakukan suatu hal/
kegiatan tertentu :
Ungkapan-ungkapan untuk mendeskripsikan fakta dan angka dari grafik atau data yang tersedia:
Let me show you this graph ……….
The ratio one to seven means ………..
The total number reflects ………….
Profit has increased slightly/ dramatically/ 10%/ …….
They buy three quarter of our production
Prices have been stable for 2 years
Etc.
Adequate ventilation with a minimum gap of 15 ncm between the ventilation holes and
surrounding surface is necessary to prevent heat build-up
§ Do not cover the ventilation openings with items such as table cloths, curtains
etc.
§ No object filled with liquids, such as vases, shall be placed on the apparatus
§ No naked flames sources, such as lighter candles, should be placed on the
apparatus
§ The mechanical; parts of the set contain self-lubricating bearing and must not be
oiled or lubricated
§ To clean the set, use a dry cloth. Do not use any cleaning agents containing
alcohol, ammonia, benzene or abrasives as these may harm the housing.
Task : Make a simple instruction of using an equipment!(buat instruksi sederhana tentang proses
suatu kerja alat)
Transitional marker
Merupakan penanda hubung yang digunakan untuk merangkaikan kalimat tentang suatu
instruksi sederhana. Misal first, second, next, after that, then, finally etc. sedangkan untuk
kesimpulannya (conclusion) menggunakan therefore, thus, as a result, in summary, atau in
conclusion.
We come to the conclusion that success needs hard works
So, if there is no more objections, I suggest that we close this meeting.
If, everyone is in agreement, I conclude that ……….
Finally, we come to the conclusion that …………….
So, if that’s all, we can stop
Then, I recommended that ………..
Etc
Giving suggestion:
v I suggest you to…
v Why don’t you…
v You should….
v You had better….
Convincing (meyakinkan)
v I assure you, I can do this job well
v I convince you that I am the important person here
v I ensure you that I am the best
v I believe I am the only one who can finish this job
Contoh :
§ If sita had stayed longer she would have met him.
Fact. Sita didn’t stay longer so she didn’t meet him
§ If I had known you I would have been very happy.
Fact. I didn’t know you so I was not very happy
Degree Of Comparison
v As + adj + as
- Lidya is as smart as you (Lidya sama cerdasnya dengan kamu)
- My hair is as long as hers (rambutku sama panjangnya dengan rambutnya)
v As + adverb + as
- He walks as slowly as a snail (dia berjalan sama lambatnya dengan seekor siput)
- She dances as beautifully as a dancing queen (dia menari sama indahnya dengan
ratu dansa)
PERKECUALIAN
Positive Comparative Superlative
Good better best
Well better best
Bad worse the worst
Badly worse the worst
Little less the least
much,many more the most
Far farther the farthest
Old older/elder the oldest/the eldest