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Maths Reasoning
Maths Reasoning
7.5.3b Premise 1 : If then
Premis 1 : Jika p>q maka p+2>q+2
Premise 2 :
> <
Premis 2 : p+2<q+2
Conclusion : < >
Kesimpulan : p<q
Conclusion/kesimpulan : ……………………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ Polygon P has five sides / Poligon P mempunyai lima sisi ]
1(b) Complete the following argument.
Lengkapkan hujah berikut
Premise 1 : If the sum of all interior angles of a polygon is 720 o, then the polygon is a hexagon.
Premis 1 : Jika jumlah sudut pedalaman bagi suatu poligon ialah 720o, maka poligon itu ialah
heksagon.
Premise 2 : The sum of all interior angles of polygon Q is 720 o.
Premis 2 : Jumlah sudut pedalaman bagi polygon Q ialah 720 o.
Mathematical Reasoning 1
Conclusion /kesimpulan : ………………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ Polygon Q is a hexagon / Polygon Q ialah heksagon ]
1(c) Complete the following argument.
Lengkapkan hujah berikut.
Premise 1 : All circles with radius r cm have perimeters of 2 r cm.
Premis 1 : Semua bulatan dengan jejari r cm mempunyai perimeter 2 r cm.
Conclusion/kesimpulan : ……………………………………………………………………………..
[ n is not divisible by 12 / n tidak boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 12]
[ Line AB and CD do not have same gradient. /Garis AB dan CD tidak mempunyai kecerunan yang sama ]
Conclusion : m<0
Kesimpulan : m<0 [3m < 0 ]
Conclusion/kesimpulan : …………………………………………………………………………………
[ x is not an obtuse angle. /x bukan sudut cakah ]
Mathematical Reasoning 3
1(o). Premise 1 : If M is a multiple of 6, then M is a multiple of 3.
Premis 1 : Jika M ialah gandaan 6, maka M ialah gandaan 3.
Premise2/premis 2 : …………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusion/kesimpulan : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ 4 is a factor of 36/4 ialah faktor bagi 36 ]
Premises 2 /Premis 2 : …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1(r) Premise 1 : If the product of the gradients of two lines is – 1, then they are perpendicular to each other.
Premis 1 : Jika hasil darab kecerunan bagi dua garis ialah – 1, maka garis tersebut adalah
berserenjang antara satu sama lain.
Conclusion/ Kesimpulan : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ The product of gradients of line PQ and RS is not – 1./Hasil darab kecerunan bagi garis PQ dan RS bukan –1 ]
Premise 2/Premis 2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusion :/Kesimpulan 4 2 = 16 [ 16 = 4 ]
Premise II / Premis II : 4m 0
Conclusion :
Kesimpilan : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
[m 0 ]
Conclusion : p <q.
Mathematical Reasoning 4
Kesimpulan : p < q. [p + 4 < q + 4.]
Name : ___________________________________
All prime numbers are odd number – false because 2 is an even prime number
(although only one contradiction)
All pentagons has five sides – true
3>2 Or 42 = 8
1 + 0 1 true
(9 + 4) = 9+4 Or 32 = 9
0 + 1 1 true
or /atau true/benar
and/dan false/palsu
2 (a) Is the sentence below a statement or non–statement ? Explain your answer.
1 1 2
“ + ” : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .
3 4 7
(ii) 2 m 2 + 5m 3 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ..
(iii) 2x + 3 = 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ..
2 (b) Complete each of the following statements using ‘all’ or ‘ some’ to make it a true statement.
Mathematical Reasoning 5
(iv ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . factors of 8 are factors of 24.
(i) 87 or 32 = 6
atau . ....................... .
(iii) The element of set A = [ 12, 15, 18] are divisible by 3 or the elements of set B = [4,6,8] are multiples of 4.
Unsur–unsur dalam set A = [ 12, 15, 18] boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 3 atau unsur–unsur dalam
set B = [4,6,8] adalah gandaan 4
..........................
2(e) Complete the following sentences with the symbols > or < in the boxes provided to form a true statement.
Lengkapkan pernyataan berikut dengan symbol > atau < dalam kotak yang disediakan supaya ia membentukkan
satu pernyataan yang benar.
1 1 1 1
(i) 2–6 0 (ii) +
2 3 2 3
– 2
(iii) 10 10 – 3 (iv) 3 + 5 (3) x (5)
1 1
(v) or 4 > 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
4 3
Mathematical Reasoning 6
(vi )
(i) 10 = 3 2 + 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) 10 = 3 2 + 4 or 10 < 3 2 + 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3(a) Combine the two statements below to form a false compound statement.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3(b) Combine the two of the following to form a true statement.
Statement I : (−4) 3 = 64
Statement II : (−5) 2 = 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3(c) Combine the two following statements to form a true statement.
Statement 2: 72 = 14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3(d) Combine the following pair of statements to form a true statement :
Statements 1: 6 ÷ (2) = 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Combine any of the two statements to form a (i) true statement (ii) a false statement.
Gabungkan sebarang dua pernyataan untuk membentuk satu (i) pernyataan palsu (ii) pernyataan palsu.
3
Statement I : 42 = 8 Statement II : 0.75 Statement III : –5 < – 2
4
(i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mathematical Reasoning 7
7.4 (a). Implications/implikasi
x + 5 = 7 if and only if x = 2 : Implication 1 : If x+5=7 then x=2
jika dan hanya jika Implikasi I : Jika maka
Implication 1:…………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implication 2:………………………………………………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ If P R then P ' R' ; if P ' R' then P R /jika P R maka P ' R' ; jika P ' R' maka P R ]
Implication 1:………………………………………………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implication 2:…………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ If m3 = 1000 then m = 10 ; if m = 10 then m3 = 1000 / jika m3 = 1000 maka m = 10 ; jika m = 10 maka m3 = 1000 ]
Implication 1:…………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implication 2:…………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mathematical Reasoning 8
[ If 3m > 15 then m > 5 ; if m > 5 then 3m > 15 / jika m3 = 1000 maka m = 10 ; jika m = 10 maka m3 = 1000 ]
Name : ___________________________________
Implication 1:…………………………………………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implication 2:…………………………………………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[ If p – q > 0 then p > q. ; if p > q then p – q > 0 /jika p – q > 0 maka p > q. ; jika p > q maka p – q > 0 ]
5(e). Write down two implications based on the following compound statement:
Tulis dua implikasi daripada pernyataan berikut:
Implication 1:…………………………………………………..
Implication 2:………………………………………………….
[ If x3 = – 64 then x= – 4 ; if x = – 4 then x3 = – 64 /jika x3 = – 64 maka x= – 4 ; jika x = – 4 maka x3 = – 64 ]
The bearing of P from Q is 070° if and only if the bearing of Q from P is 290º.
Implication 1………………………………………….………………………………………………………
Implication 2: ….………………………......................………………………………………………………...
............................................... ............................. .
............................................... ............................. .
[ If P R then R' P '] ; [If R' P' then P R] / [Jika P R maka R' P '] ; [jika R' P' maka P R]
5(h) Write down two implications based on the following statement:
Implication 1………………………………………….………………………………………………………
Implication 2: ….………………………......................………………………………………………………...
Mathematical Reasoning 9
5(i) Write down two implications based on the following statement :
“ p q 0 if and only if q p .”
Implication 1………………………………………….………………………………………………………
Implication 2: ….………………………......................………………………………………………………...
Implication 1………………………………………….………………………………………………………
Implication 2: ….………………………......................………………………………………………………...
6(a) Write down the converse of the following implication, hence state whether the converse is true or false.
………………………………………………………………………………………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6(b). State the converse of the following statement and hence determine whether its converse is true or false.
Nyatakan akas bagi pernyataan berikut dan seterusnya tentukan sama ada akas tersebut benar atau palsu
If x 9 , then x>5
jika x 9 , maka x>5
………………………………………………………………………………………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ If x > 5 then x > 9 ; false / Jika x > 5 maka x > 9 ; palsu ]
6(c). Write down the converse of the following implication, hence state whether the converse is true or false.
Tulis akas bagi implikasi berikut dan seterusnya nyatakan sama ada akas tersebut benar atau palsu
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ If 2x is an even number then x is an odd number ; false /jika 2x ialah nombor genap maka x ialah nombor ganjil ; palsu ]
6(d) State the converse of the following statement and hence determine whether its converse is true .
Nyatakan akas bagi pernyataan berikut dan seterusnya, nyatakan sama ada akas tersebut benar atau palsu.
................................................ ............................. .
Mathematical Reasoning 10
(7) Premise 1 : If m is a negative number then 2 m < 0.
Premis 1 : Jika m ialah nombor negatif maka 2 m < 0.
[ If the radius of a circle is 5 cm, then its area is 25 cm2./ Jika jejari bagi satu bulatan ialah 5 cm, maka luasnya ialah 25 cm2. ]
SPM2003
10(a) Is the sentence below a statement or non statement?
“4 is a prime number”
Adakah ayat di bawah satu pernyataan atau bukan pernyataan?
“4 ialah nombor perdana”
*10b)Based on the information above , make a general conclusion by induction regarding the number of
subsets in a set with k elements.
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, buat satu kesimpulan secara aruhan tentang bilangan
subset dalam satu set dengan k unsur.
(a).[ Statement ] Pernyataan./ (b) [The number of subsets in a set with k elements is 2k] / [bilangan subset dalam satu set dengan k unsur ialah 2k]
Mathematical Reasoning 11
Tulis Premis 2 bagi melengkapkan hujah berikut:
Premise 2/Premis 2 :
12a)Complete each of the following statement with the quantifier ‘all’ or ‘some’
so that it will become a true statement.
Lengkapkan setiap pernyataan yang berikut dengan pengkuantiti ‘semua’ atau ‘sebilangan’ bagi menjadi
suatu pernyataan benar.
Premise 2 / Premis 2 :
12(a) (i) Some/sebilangan (ii) All/semua / 12(b) [ K L L .]13(a) (i) All /semua (ii) Some/sebilangan
14(a) State whether the following compound statement is true or false : SPM2008
Nyatakan sama ada pernyataan berikut benar atau palsu;
(b) Write down two implications based on the following compound statement :
Tulis dua implikasi berdasarkan ayat berikut:
x3 = – 64 if and only if x = – 4
2
* (c) It is given that the interior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is 1 180
o
n
Make one conclusion by deduction on the size of the interior angle of a regular hexagon.
2
Diberi bahawa sudut pedalaman sebuah poligon sekata dengan n sisi ialah 1 180
o
n
Buat satu kesimpulan secara aruhan tentang saiz sudut pedalaman bagi heksagon sekata.
14(a) False/palsu
14(b) If x3 = – 64 then if x = – 4 ; if x = – 4 then x3 = – 64
Jika x3 = – 64 maka if x = – 4 ; jika x = – 4 maka x3 = – 64
2
14(c) The interior angle of regular hexagon is (1 ) 180 o 120 o
(6)
Premise 1: If the radius of a circle is 14 cm, then the circumference of the circle is 28 cm.
Premis 1: Jika jejari sebuah bulatan ialah 14 cm, maka lilitan bulatan itu ialah 28 cm.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Premise 1: If the area of a circle is 49 cm2, then the radius of the circle is 7 cm.
Premis 1: Jika luas sebuah bulatan ialah 49 cm2, maka lilitan bulatan itu ialah 7cm.
……………………………………………………………………………..
(a) True/benar(b) If x is a multiple of 3 then x is a multiple of 12. False /Jika x adalah gandaan bagi 3 maka x adalah gandaan bagi 12. Palsu
(c) the circumference of the circle is not 28 cm.Lilitan bulatan bukan 28 cm.
Mathematical Reasoning 14
4.6 Deduction and Induction.
(ix) 4 = 3 x 1 + 1 (x) 6= 3 x 2
13 = 3 x 4 + 1 12 = 4 x 3
28 = 3 x 9 + 1 20 = 5 x 4
49 = 3 x 16 + 1 30 = 6 x 5
.............. ..............
18. Based on the following numerical sequence, make a general conclusion by induction.
4 = 3 (1) + 1
13 = 3 (4) + 1
28 = 3 (9) + 1
49 = 3 (16) + 1
……………...
19. Make a general conclusion by induction for the sequence of numbers 4, 11, 30, …
which follows the following pattern.
4 = 31 + 1
11 = 32 + 2
30 = 33 + 3
… = ……….
20. Make a general conclusion by induction for a list of numbers 3, 17, 55, 129, …….
which follows the following pattern.
3 21 + 1
3
17 2 2 + 1
3
55 2 3 + 1
3
129 2 4 + 1
3
21. Make a general conclusion by induction for the numbers −1, 5, 15, 29, … … which follows the following pattern :
2
−1 = 2(1) −3
2
5 = 2(2) −3
2
15 = 2(3) −3
2
29 = 2(4) −3
22. Make a general conclusion by induction for the sequence of numbers 1, 10, 25, 46, … which
following pattern.
1 =3×1−2
10 = 3 × 4 − 2
25 = 3 × 9 − 2
46 = 3 × 16 − 2
…………………
Name : ___________________________________
Mathematical Reasoning 16
23. (a) State the converse of the following statement and hence, determine whether its converse is true.
Nyatakan akas bagi pernyataan berikut dan seterusnya tentukan sama ada akas tersebut
benar atau palsu.
If x > 7, then x > 4
Jika x > 7, maka x >
4
................................................................................
x+y=2
___________________________________
Conclusion/Kesimpulan :________________________________________________
[ 3 is a factor of 24 ]
(b) Make a general conclusion by induction for the following number pattern:
Buat satu kesimpulan umum secara aruhan bagi pola nombor berikut:
5 = 3(2) – 1
10 = 3(22) – 2
21 = 3(2 3) – 3
44 = 3(24) – 4
……………… _________________________________________________
[ (a) Non–statement/bukan pernyataan (b) 3 is a factor of 24 /3 ialah factor bagi 24 (c) 3(2 n) – n and n = 1,2,3,…… ]
25. (a) State whether each of the following statements is true or false.
Nyatakan sama ada setiap pernyataan berikut benar atau palsu.
Premise 1 : If the determinant of a matrix = 0, then the matrix does not have an inverse.
Premis 1 : Jika penentu bagi suatu matriks = 0, maka matriks itu tidak mempunyai songsangan.
Answer/jawapan :
– 2 (3 ) = 6 or – 4 > – 5
– 2 (3 ) = 6 atau – 4 > – 5
(a) __________________________________________________________
Mathematical Reasoning 18
(b) Implication 1/implikasi 1 :_______________________________________________
[ (a) True/benar (b) If p3= 8 then p = 2 ; If p = 2 then p3 = 8 / jika p3= 8 maka p = 2 ; jika p = 2 maka p3 = 8
(c) If x = 9 then √ x = 3 /jika x = 9 maka √ x = 3 ]
27. (a) State whether each of the following statement is true or false.
Nyatakan sama ada setiap pernyataan berikut benar atau palsu.
(i) 42 = 8 or 3
8 2
2
4 =8 atau 3
8 2
(ii) a { a, b, c } and –3 > –7
a { a, b, c } dan –3 > –7
(a) (i)_________________________(ii)____________________
(c)Conclusion/ kesimpulan:_________________________________________________
[(a) (i) True/benar (ii) False/palsu (b) Premise 1 : If p = 7, then 6 x p = 42 / Premis 1 : jika p = 7, maka 6 x p = 42, (c) 4n 2 + 7, n = 1,2,3,4…]
(b) Fill in the suitable quantifier to make the following statement become true.
Isikan pengkuantiti yang sesuai untuk membentuk pernyataan berikut menjadi benar.
Answer/jawapan :
(a) (i)_____________________(ii)_____________________________
(b) __________________________________________________________
[ (a) (i) Statement/ pernyataan. (ii) Non–statement /bukan pernyataan (b) Some /sebilangan
(c) Premise 2 : p is a positive integer / Premis 2: p ialah integer positif ]
(c) State the converse of the following statement and hence, determine
whether its converse is true or false.
Nyatakan akas bagi pernyataan berikut dan seterusnya tentukan sama ada akas tersebut
benar atau palsu.
…………. x3 = 64 if and only if x = 4
…………. x3 = 64 jika dan hanya jika x = 4
Answer/jawapan :
(c) __________________________________________________________
[ (a) (i) False / palsu (ii) False / palsu (b) t 0 (c) If x = 4, then x3 = 64 True / jika x = 4, maka x3 = 64 benar ]
Name : ___________________________________
(c) Make a general conclusion by induction for the following number pattern :
Buat satu kesimpulan umum secara aruhan bagi pola nombor berikut:
2 = (0)2 + 2
3 = (1)2 + 2
6 = (2)2 + 2
11 = (3)2 + 2
Answer/jawapan :
(a) __________________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________________
31. (a) State whether each of the following statement is true or false
Nyatakan sama ada setiap pernyataan yang berikut benar atau palsu.
(i) –22 = –4 or (–3 )3 = – 9
–22 = –4 atau (–3 )3 = – 9
1
1 1
(ii)
16 8
2 and 25 2
5
dan
Mathematical Reasoning 21
(c) Implication 1/implikasi 1 :_______________________________________________
2+7=1+6
Answer /jawapan:
(a) __________________________________________________________
> 6 and 42 = 8
9 ………………………
9 > 6 dan 42 = 8
………………………………………………………
Premise 1 : If JKL is an equilateral triangle, then the value of its interior angle is 60 o
Premis 1 : Jika JKL ialah segitiga sama sisi , maka setiap sudut pedalamannya ialah 60o
Implication II : …………………………………………………………………………………….
5 is an even number
5 ialah nombor genap
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Implication 1 : ………………………………………………………………………………………….
c : Based on the information below, make a general conclusion by induction regarding the sum of
the interior angles of a triangle.
Berdasarkan maklumat di bawah, buat satu kesimpulan umum secara aruhan tentang jumlah sudut pedalaman
segitiga.
Answer: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Make a conclusion by induction for a list of numbers 9, 29, 57, 93,……that follow the patterns
below :
Buat satu kesimpulan secara aruhan untuk urutan nombor 9, 29, 57, 93,……yang mengikut pola di
bawah
9 = 4(2)2 – 7
29 = 4(3)2 – 7
57 = 4(4)2 – 7
93 = 4(5)2 – 7
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Conclusion/kesimpulan : ………………………………………….. .
Name : ___________________________________
Mathematical Reasoning 24
37 a) State whether the following sentence is a statement or a non–statement.
Nyatakan sama ada ayat berikut pernyataan atau bukan pernyataan.
All multiples of 2 are divisible by 4.
Semua gandaan 2 boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 4
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b.) Write down a true statement using both of the following statements:
Tulis satu pernyataan benar menggunakan kedua–dua pernyataan berikut:
Statement 1: 5 2 10 Statement 2: 10 10 100
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
c.) Write down two implications based on the following sentence:
Tulis dua implikasi daripada ayat berikut;
Implication 1 : …………………………………………………………………
Implication 2 : …………………………………………………………………
2 m 2 + 5m 3 0
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Write down the converse of the following implication, hence state whether the converse is true or false.
Tulis akas untuk implikasi berikut dan seterusnya tentukan sama ada akas tersebut
benar atau palsu.
If x is an odd number then 2x is an even number.
Jika x ialah nombor ganjil maka 2x ialah nombor genap
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
a) Make a general conclusion by induction for a list of number 3, 17, 55, 129, … which follows the following pattern:
Buat satu kesimpulan umum secara aruhan untuk urutan nombor 3, 17, 55, 129……yang mengikut pola
berikut:
3 2(1) 3 + 1
17 2(2) 3 + 1
55 2(3) 3 + 1
129 2( 4) 3 + 1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Mathematical Reasoning 25
(ii.) –5 > – 8 and 0.03 = 3 10 1 …………………………………….
–5 > – 8 dan 0.03 = 3 10 1 …………………………………….
Implication 1 : …………………………………………………………………
Implication 2 : …………………………………………………………………
Implication 1 : ………………………………………………………………………………………….
Implication 2 : …………………………………..………………………………………………………..
Year 2007 (July)
Premise 2 : ………………………………………………………………
Conclusion : ABCD is not a trapezium.
(c) Based on the information below, make a general conclusion by induction regarding the sum of
interior angles of a polygon with n sides.
a b
“Matrix has an inverse if and only if ad bc 0 ”
c d
Implication 1 : ………………………………………………………………………………………….
Implication 2 : …………………………………..………………………………………………………..
Year 2008 (July)
7 7 49 and 7 49
2
7 7 49 dan 7 49
2
.............................. .
(b) Write down two implications based on the following compound statement:
Tuliskan dua implikasi berdasarkan pernyataan berikut:
Δ KLM is an isosceles triangle if and only if two angles in Δ KLM are equal.
Δ KLM ialah segitiga kaki sama jika dan hanya jika dua sudut dalam Δ KLM
adalah sama.
Implication 1 : ………………………………………………………………………………………….
Implication 2 : …………………………………..………………………………………………………..
Premise 1 / Premis 1:
If PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral, then the sum of the interior opposite angles of PQRS is 180 o .
Jika PQRS ialah sebuah sisiempat kitaran, maka hasil tambah usdut pedalaman bertentangan
bagi PQRS ialah 180 o .
Premise 2 / Premis 2:
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
Conclusion / Kesimpulan:
PQRS is not a cyclic quadrilateral.
Mathematical Reasoning 27
PQRS bukan sebuah sisiempat kitaran.
Year 2009 (July)
42. (a) State whether the following statement is true or false.
Nyatakan sama ada pernyataan berikut adalah benar atau palsu.
Implication 1 : ………………………………………………………………………………………….
Implication 2 : …………………………………..………………………………………………………..
5 = 3 (1) + 2
8 = 3 (2) + 2
11 = 3 (3) + 2
14 = 3 (4) + 2
. [6 marks]
…………………………………………………………………..
Year 2010 (July)
43 (a) Determine whether the following sentence is a statement or not a statement.
Tentukan sama ada ayat berikut ialah pernyataan atau bukan pernyataan.
50 5 ....................................
(b) Write down two implications based on the following compound statement:
Tulis dua implikasi berdasarkan pernyataan berikut :
p + 3 = 8 if and only if p =5
p + 3 = 8 jika dan hanya jika p=5
Implication 1 : ………………………………………………………………………………………….
Implication 2 : …………………………………..………………………………………………………..
Name : ___________________________________
(c) Based on the information below,make one conclusion by deduction for the volume of a cube with sides 2 cm.
Berdasarkan maklumat di bawah , buat satu kesimpulan secara deduksi bagi isipadu suatu kubus dengan sisi 2 cm.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
SPM 2010
44.a) For each of the following statements, determine whether the statement is true or false.
Untunk setiap pernyataan berikut, tentukan sama ada pernyataan ini benar atau palsu.[5M]
i) 2 is an odd number.
2 ialah nombor ganjil. ……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Implication I : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Implication II : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Conclusion /Kesimpulan :
SPM 2009
45 (a) State whether the following compound statement is true or false:
Nyatakan sama ada pernyataan berikut adalah benar atau palsu:
Premise 1: If the radius of a circle is 14 cm, then the circumference of the circle is 28 cm.
Premis 1: Jika jejari sebuah bulatan ialah 14 cm, maka lilitan bulatan itu ialah 28 cm.
…………………………………………………………………………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Write down two implications based on the following compound statement:
Tulis dua implikasi berdasarkan pernyataan berikut:
Implication I : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Implication II : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
2
(c) It is given that the interior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is (1 ) 180 .
n
Make one conclusion by deduction on the size of the interior angle of a regular hexagon.
2
Diberi bahawa sudut pedalaman sebuah poligon sekata dengan n sisi ialah (1 ) 180 .
n
Buat satu kesimpulan secara deduksi tentang saiz sudut pedalaman sebuah heksagon sekata.
Mathematical Reasoning 30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
SPM 2007
47. (a) Complete each of the following statements with the
quantifier “All ” or “ Some ” so that the statement is true.
(b) State the converse of the following statement and hence determine whether its
converse is true or false.
………………………………………………………… , ……………………….
Premise 1 : …………………………………………………………………………
Premise2 : …………………………………………………………
(c)Make a general conclusion by induction for the sequence of numbers 7, 14, 27, …..
which follows the following pattern.
7 = 3(2)1 + 1
14 = 3(2)2 + 2
27 = 3(2)3 + 3
…. = ………….
Mathematical Reasoning 31
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Implication I : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Implication II : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
SPM2005
49. a) Complete each of the following statement with the quantifier ‘all’ or ‘some’ so that
it will become a true statement.
b)State the converse of the following statement and hence determine whether its converse is true or false.
If x 9 , then x>5
………………………………………………………… . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ……………………….
Premise 2 :……………………………………………….
Mathematical Reasoning 32
Name : ___________________________________
(ii) State whether the compound statement written in 5(a)(i) is true or false.
Nyatakan sama ada pernyataan majmuk yang ditulis di 5(a)(i) adalah benar atau palsu.
Suatu nombor ialah nombor perdana jika dan hanya jika nombor itu
hanya boleh dibahagi dengan 1 dan nobor itu sendiri.
SPM 2012
Mathematical Reasoning 33
51. (a) State whether the following compound statement is true or false.
Nyatakan sama ada pernyataan majmuk berikut adalah benar atau palsu.
3+3=9 or 3x3=9
3+3=9 atau 3x3=9
(b) Complete the statement, in the answer space, to form a true statement by using
the quantifier ‘all’ or ‘some’.
Lengkapkan pernyataan, di ruang jawapan, untuk membentuk satu pernyataan
yang benar dengan menggunakan pengkuantiti ‘semua’ atau ‘sebilangan’.
(a) Write down two implications based on the following compound statement:
Tulis dua implikasi berdasarkan pernyataan majmuk berikut:
3x + 4 = 12 if and only if x = 2.
3x + 4 = 12 jika dan hanya jika x =
2.
a) True
b) Some
c) Implication 1: If 3x + 4 = 10, then x = 2.
Implication 2: If x = 2, then 3x + 4 = 10.
SPM 2013
Premise 2 :
Premis 2 : ………………………………………………………………………………………
Mathematical Reasoning 34
4
© It is given that the volume of the sphere is r 3 where r is the radius.
3
Make one conclusion by deductyion for the volume of the sphere with radius 3 cm.
Diberi bahawa isipadu sferea ialah dimana r ialah jejari.
Buat satu kesimpulan secara deduksi untuk isi padu sfera dengan jejari 3 cm.
If , then .
(b) Complete the compound sentences in the answer space by writing the word ‘or’ or ‘and’ to form a true
statement.
23 = 6 5x 0 = 0
……………………………………………………..
Premise 2: ………………………………………………………………….