TI 89 Titanium training exercises - Part 4

Setting the calculator to complex-number mode

To set the calculator to a complex-number mode, use [MODE], and change Complex Format to
RECTANGULAR (i.e., select the rectangular representation of a complex number).
Alternatively, you could change

At this point, for the purpose of this exercise, we’ll keep the RECTANGULAR setting for the
Complex Format option in the MODE screen.

A complex number z = x + iy is said to be in its Cartesian or rectangular form. In these

expressions i is the unit imaginary number (i.e., i2=-1). Also, x is the real part of z, while y is
the imaginary part of z, i.e., x = Re(z), y = Im(z). A complex number can also be written in
polar form as z = reiθ, where r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 is the magnitude of the complex number, and
θ = Arg(z) = arctan(y/x) is the argument. Euler’s formula relates the Cartesian and polar forms
of a complex number, eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ . Thus, z = reiθ = r cos θ + i r sin θ, and x = r cos
θ, y = r sin θ. The complex conjugate of z = x + iy = = reiθ is ⎯z = x - iy = re-iθ.

Entering complex numbers:

(1) In ALG mode, to enter the complex number 3.5-1.2i (*), use:

[3][.][5][-][1][.][2][×][2nd][CATALOG] (i.e., i)

(*) NOTE: Complex numbers can also be represented in their rectangular (Cartesian) form by
using an ordered pair, i.e., (x,y) ≡ x+iy, however, the TI 89 calculators do not allow this format
for entry of complex numbers.

Polar representation:
(2) To see a complex number in polar representation, set angular measure to RAD (radians),
and change the Complex Format setting to POLAR through the [MODE] screen. For example,
the number entered above as 3.5-1.2i, will be now shown as:

e-0.33029⋅i ⋅3.7,

i.e., θ = -0.33029r and r = 3.7 in the polar representation reiθ.

(3) Set the Complex Format back to RECTANGULAR in the MODE screen.

Simple operations, standard and special mathematical functions with complex numbers
• Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, power, square, square root, logarithms,
trigonometric and hyperbolic functions (and their inverses) can be applied to complex
numbers as we did to real numbers (Exercises Chapter 3).
• For trigonometric functions, the use of degrees, radians, or grades is irrelevant when
the arguments are complex.
• To determine the magnitude of a complex number use function abs (available through
MATH>NUMBER).
• Other functions available through the MATH>Complex menu ([2nd][ 8 ], i.e., MATH,
select 5:Complex) are:
o conj( : complex conjugate of a complex number
o real( : real part of a complex number (x in rectangular representation)
o imag( : imaginary part of a complex number (y in rectangular representation)
o angle( : argument (angle) of a complex number (θ in polar representation
o abs( : magnitude or modulus of a complex number (r in polar representation)

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(4) Try the following operations – set Complex Format to RECTANGULAR:

(1) (3+5i)+(-6+3i) (2) (-5-2i)-(-6-7i) (3) (3-2i)*(5+4i) (4) (-2+i)/(1-5i)

(5) EXP(-2.3+3.1i) (6) LN(-1+3.5i) (7) 10^(-1.2+3.5i) (8) LOG(7.5+3.2i)
(9) (-7.8+5.2i)2 (10) √(-3.2+5.3) (11) SIN(3.1+8.1i) (12) COS(-3.4+18.2i)
(13) TAN(-1.2+3.5i) (14) ASIN(3.5) (15) ASIN(-5.2+8.3i) (16) ACOS(-17.5)
(17) ACOS(8-2i) (18) ATAN(-5.6+7.2i) (19) ABS(-4.5-7.8i) (20) Angle(-5.6+1.2i)
(21) 1/(4.2+5.8i) (22)EXP(√(-3.2+5.3)) (23) SIN(EXP(2-3i)) (24) Angle(LN(-5+3i))

(5) Try the following hyperbolic functions (MATH>Hyperbolic)

(1) SINH(8.2-5.6i) (2) COSH(-3.2+8.5) (3) TANH(-6.2+5.3) (4) ASINH(-3.4+7.2i)

(5) ACOSH(-5+6i) (6) ATANH(-17+8.2i) (7) SINH(ASIN(7.2)) (8) ASINH(ACOS(-8.6))

Functions in the MATH>Complex sub-menu

(6) Try the following functions from the MATH/Complex sub-menu (the SIGN function is located
in the MATH>Number sub-menu):

(1) REAL(-8+5i) (2) IMAG(-8+5i) (3) REAL(4.5-5.2i) (4) IMAG(4.5,-1.2)

(5) ABS(-12+13i) (6) ANGLE(-12+13i) (7) SIGN(-5+2i) (8) ABS(SIGN(-5+2i))
(9) ANGLE(SIGN(-5+2i)) (10) CONJ(-5+2i) (11) CONJ(-5+2i) (12) CONJ(√(-2.1+3.1i))

More exercises:

(7) Try the following functions from the MATH>Complex menu:

(1) ANGLE(-8+5i) (2) ABS(-8+5i) (3) CONJ(4.5-5.2i) (4) IMAG(4.5-1.2i)

(5) IMAG(-12+13i) (6) REAL(4.5-1.2i) (7) SIGN(-8+5i) (8) CONJ(1.2+i)

(8) Try some of the exercise in items (4) through (7) with the Complex Format set to POLAR.

A program to calculate the equation of a straight line

NOTE: In preparing these exercises for the TI 89 TITANIUM, I’ve been following the notes I
prepared for the hp calculators. At this point in the hp notes I introduce function DROITE
(French for “STRAIGHT”) which takes as argument two complex numbers x1+iy1 and x2+iy2 and
produces the equation of the straight line between points P1(x1,y1) and P2(x2,y2). Since the TI
89 TITANIUM calculator does not provide such function, I’m going to demonstrate here how to
create a program, called strlin (for straight line) to produce the equation of a straight line.

• First, press [APPS] and click on the Program Editor

• Select New…
• Keep Type: Program and Folder: main, and type the variable name strlin:
[2nd][ALPHA] (for A-LOCK) [S][T][R][L][I][N], and press [ENTER].
• The calculator will provide an empty program shell with the name of the variable just
created, i.e.,

:strlin()
:Prog
:
:EndProg

• Type in the following program:

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 Notes: function DelVar, ClrIO (Clear the IO screen, i.e., the Input-Output screen, which is
not the same as the HOME screen, as you will see), Disp (Display a result in the IO screen),
and solve (solve for a variable in an equation) are available through the catalog.

• Once you’ve finished typing the program, and making sure it looks like in the screen
above, press [HOME].
• To try the program do as follows:
o Press [CATALOG]
o Press [F4] User Defined to see a listing of all user-defined functions
o Select function strlin
o Press [ENTER]
• Complete the HOME screen entry to read main\strlin(2,2,6,4), i.e., we’re finding the
equation of the straight line between points P1(2,2) and P2(6,4).
• The result will be: y = x/2 + 1. This result is only available in the IO screen, and
cannot be used in the HOME screen.
• To return to the HOME screen press [ESC] or [HOME]
• The operation of the program is shown below after the exercises.

(9) Using program strlin obtain the equation of the straight line between the following points:

(1) P1(0,0) and P2(5,2) (2) P1(-5,-2) and P2(5,2) (3) P1(-2,5.6) and P2(8.2,2)
(4) P1(-15.6,8.3) and P2(-7,-2) (5) P1(3,4) and P2(-4,-3) (6) P1(8.2,-1.2) and P2(5.2,0.0)

Operation of program strlin

• The program takes as arguments variable names xa, ya, xb, yb corresponding to the
coordinates of points P1(xa,ya) and P2(xb,yb). I selected these names rather than x1,
y1, x2, y2, because the calculator uses y1, y2, etc., to define the equations in the
graphics screen, therefore, making them reserved names. Reserved names mean,
among other things, that these names cannot be used as arguments in programs.
• The command DelVar x, y ensures that the variable names x and y will not be pre-
defined in the main directory. This means that if you have variable names x and y
defined before operating this program, they will be deleted.
• The command ClrIO clears the input-output, or IO, screen.
• The line Disp solve((y-ya)/(x-xa)=(ya-yb)/(xa-xb),y) combines two commands:
1. The command solve((y-ya)/(x-xa) = (ya-yb)/(xa-xb),y) solves for y from the
straight-line equation shown as the first argument of the function.
2. The command Disp shows the result of step 1. in the IO screen.

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